Problemy medycyny wieku rozwojowego最新文献

The analysis of 101 cytodiagnostic and histopathologic results of fine needle biopsy in children's neoplasms was done. It reveals the same diagnostic possibilities in rhabdomyosarcomas as compared with other children's neoplasms. On the base of our experience we constant the great value of sampling the material left after getting smears in paraffin block.

The purpose of this report is estimation of influence of Metoclopramidum on gastrointestinal tract in children and advantages of its administration in gastrointestinal examination. Between October 1980 and August 1981 70 children had contrast gastrointestinal studies with administrations Metoclopramidum. In the cases of suspicion pylorostenosis administration Metoclopramidum make possible correct diagnosis with minimal irradiation of child. After administration Metoclopramidum the roentgenological sing of hiatus hernia and reflux gastro-oesophageal are better visible.

The in vitro studies on the metabolism of chloramphenicol in the liver, kidney and lung of 5 days old and adult rabbit as well as in the placenta (20-23 day of gestation) have been performed. The metabolites have been identified by thin-layer chromatography technique. Nonmetabolized chloramphenicol and reduction product were estimated by spectrophotometric method. The obtained results showed that in adult rabbit chloramphenicol was metabolized in the liver and lung, but no nitroreduction seems to occur in none of these tissues. In contrast to the adult animal the metabolism of chloramphenicol occurred in the all investigated organs of 5 days old rabbit. Each of the examined tissues of newborn animal showed the activity of nitroreductase. The biotransformation, including nitroreduction, of chloramphenicol occurred also in placenta. The thin-layer chromatography technique showed the presence of the product of hydrolysis of amide linkage in the liver of adult rabbit and in the placenta, and in the placenta additionally the product of hydrolysis of amide linkage without aliphatic amine group.

The work is an attempt of compiting theoretical information and presentation of problems and assumptions concerning the process of kinetic rehabilitation in children and young people with tumor disease. Problems of diagnostic and therapeutic process considered are based on physiology of physical effort, peculiarity of illness and age of the patients. The authors confirm the rightness of including the kinetic rehabilitation into the process of complex treatment in child oncology. They also suggested to undertake studies on adaptation or preparation of proper methods of evaluation of physical status of patients.

Unfavorable prognosis for children with malignant liver tumors, is caused not only because of late diagnosis in this children, but because of imperfet methods of treatment. These methods taken from adults oncology have to be adapted for pediatric patients in front of their differences in biology, pharmacodynamic reactivity and tumor-host relationships in developing organism. Some methods of treatment can be done the same way as in adults, but another (intraarterial treatment) can be used in children with much better results then in adults. Primary malignant tumors in children are hepatoblastoma and hepatocelullar carcinoma (minority) and metastatic tumors are nephroblastoma or neuroblastoma. That makes probably basic difference with liver tumors in adults, as well as absence of hepatic cirrhosis in children. 42 children with primary and metastatic liver tumors were treated by the author in Clinical Department of Pediatric Oncology, Institute of Mother and Child, Warsaw. 19 of them was given intra-arterial chemotherapy for unoperable primary tumors, 6--systemic chemotherapy for the same reason, 5--radiotherapy (all of them neuroblastomas) and 15 was submited to surgery-From this group 13 was operated radicaly by means of right extended or left lobectomy. Only in one case, middle lobectomy was done. 3 children operated radicaly was previously treated with intra-arterial chemotherapy and only after significant remission, surgery was done. As a result 6 children is RFS for more than 3 years. One of them exclusively grace to intra-arterial treatment. Experimental investigation done in monkeys shown no long term morphological and/or functional disturbances after long time hepatic infusion with chemotherapeutic drugs. In conclusion it is to state that surgery is the best method of treatment in primary liver tumors, some time preceded with intra-aterial chemotherapy that is safe for normal liver tissue. In metastatic neuroblastoma in liver, radiotherapy with systemic chemotherapy can give 60% of RFS (recurrent free survival).

Bacterial sepsis can alter the level of serum lipids in man. We have been to find any reports on lipoproteins in children with pneumonia. The study group comprised 25 children from 9 months to 4 years suffering from severe pneumonia. The initial phase of disease in most of the children involved an increase in endogenous triglyceride values and a decrease in the lipids of high density lipoproteins (HDL). An increase in VLDL and decrease in VLDL and decrease in HDL were confirmed by lipoprotein electrophoresis. The drastic fall in HDL resulted in HDL-cholesterol and phospholipid levels as low as 50 and 100 mg/l respectively. Etiological factors were gramnegative bacteria. On remission HDL levels increased and that of VLDL decreased. Similar lipid investigations have been performed in animals (rabbits). The results of these investigations were convergent with those obtained in children. The extend and intensity of the lung changes were not, however, connected with the kind of bacillus with which the children were infected. It is probable that retention of triglycerides is the result of the reduction in HDL concentration. The question arises whether the low HDL level can be linked with synthesis of surfactant lecithin in pulmonary alveoli, or with endotoxin.

Somatic development of two populations of Warsaw children and adolescents aged 3-18 years examinated in 1958/59 and 1976/80 years was compared. The following anthropometric measurements were taken into consideration: height, weight, trunk length, lower extremity length, biacromial diameters, chest breadth, chest depth, chest circumference and subscapular skinfold. Secular trend strongly expressed in boys than in girls was observed. The differences in age groups and certain somatic characteristic were found.

The aim of this work was to designate the place of the anus on the perineum with topometric method. The examinations were carried out on 100 healthy male newborns, born in time. Five basic diameters of perineum were determined: anal-symphyseal distance, anal-phallic, anal-scrotal distance, anal-coccygeal distance and transversal dimension of perineum. The material was examined taking into consideration body weight, body length and weight-growth index. Dimensions of perineum most useful to pointing out the location of the anus in case of impotency are: anal-coccygeal distance and anal-scrotal distance. The above dimensions show the greatest relation to male newborns weight.

The paper presents some problems on the planning of epidemiological studies. The definition of epidemiology is related to medicine, statistics, sociology, demography and other branches of science. Different types of epidemiological studies are enumerated (descriptive, analytical and experimental epidemiology, retrospective and prospective analysis). In the plan of epidemiological studies fifteen stages are distinguished and described. Special attention is given to the aim and object of research, sources of data, methods and techniques of evaluation, presentation and the analysis of results. The consequences of working without plan or with incomplete and wrong plan are presented. The authors suggest how to develop modern epidemiology in Poland.

Microwave radiation has been reported to produce adverse effects in a variety of biological systems. We attempted to estimate the influence of repeated expositions to 2450 MHz microwaves at power densities of 10 or 40 mW/cm2 on murine (Swiss) embryos and fetuses development. Mated females were divided into groups and irradiated in various periods of pregnancy. Control animals were placed in the anechoic chamber for similar periods of time. In the 4th day of gestation part of animals were killed, number, phase of development and morphology of embryos after their washing out from uterus were noted. Among embryos obtained from dames irradiated at 40 mW/cm2 (whole body MW hyperthermia) the lower percent of blastulas was counted while more embryos were in the phase of 2-8 blastomers . This suggests retardation of development in the early period of gestation in mice exposed to thermal MW fields. The other part of animals from experimental and control groups were killed on the 19th day of gestation. The fetuses and placentas were removed, weighed, the morphology of fetuses was evaluated. In mice exposed to microwaves at 40 mW/cm2 during the second half of pregnancy increased number of resorptions, stillbirths and internal hemorrhages was noted. The living fetuses had lowered body mass compared to the offsprings of sham-irradiated mice.