Agricultural Water Management最新文献_第5页

Estimation of wetting patterns for surface drip irrigation using moment analysis and interpretable PSO-SVM-AdaBoost model 利用矩分析和可解释PSO-SVM-AdaBoost模型估计地表滴灌的湿润模式

IF 6.5 1区农林科学 Q1 AGRONOMY

Agricultural Water Management

Pub Date : 2026-01-23 DOI: 10.1016/j.agwat.2026.110177

Ge Li, Weibo Nie, Yuchen Li

A thorough understanding of soil wetting patterns during infiltration is essential for designing surface drip irrigation systems and placing soil moisture sensors. This study systematically evaluated variations in centroid depth (z_c), horizontal (σ_x) and vertical (σ_z) standard deviations across nine soil textures, three discharge rates (1, 2, and 3 L·h⁻¹), and three initial soil water contents (30 %, 50 %, 70 % of maximum available water) using Hydrus-2D/3D numerical simulations combined with spatial moment analysis. Based on these results, a machine learning model combining particle swarm optimization (PSO), support vector machine (SVM), and adaptive boosting (AdaBoost) was developed and compared with multiple linear regression (MLR), SVM, and PSO-SVM models. Soil texture and initial water content had greater influence on z_c, σ_x, and σ_z than discharge rates. The PSO-SVM-AdaBoost model achieved the highest accuracy, with Bias, Root Mean Square Error (RMSE), and the Coefficient of Determination (R²) for the test set of −0.129 cm, 1.139 cm, and 0.989 for z_c; −0.034 cm, 0.366 cm, and 0.996 for σ_x; and −0.169 cm, 1.426 cm, and 0.984 for σ_z. Furthermore, to address concerns regarding the “black-box” nature of the model, the explainable artificial intelligence (XAI) framework SHapley Additive exPlanations (SHAP) was applied, revealing that cumulative infiltration flux (Q_3D) contributed most significantly to z_c, σ_x, and σ_z, while discharge rates contributed the least. The PSO-SVM-AdaBoost model and its interpretability framework proposed in this study provide technical support for the design of surface drip irrigation systems and the optimal placement of soil moisture sensors.

深入了解渗透过程中的土壤湿润模式对于设计地表滴灌系统和放置土壤湿度传感器至关重要。本研究利用Hydrus-2D/3D数值模拟结合空间矩分析，系统评价了9种土壤质地的质心深度（zc）、水平（σx）和垂直（σz）标准差、3种排放速率（1、2和3 L·h−1）和3种初始土壤含水量（最大有效水量的30 %、50 %和70 %）的变化。基于这些结果，建立了粒子群优化（PSO）、支持向量机（SVM）和自适应增强（AdaBoost）相结合的机器学习模型，并与多元线性回归（MLR）、支持向量机（SVM）和PSO-SVM模型进行了比较。土壤质地和初始含水量对zc、σx和σz的影响大于排放速率。PSO-SVM-AdaBoost模型获得了最高的精度，测试集的偏差、均方根误差（RMSE）和决定系数（R2）分别为- 0.129 cm、1.139 cm和0.989；−0.034 cm, 0.366 cm, 0.996 σx；σz为- 0.169 cm, 1.426 cm, 0.984。此外，为了解决模型“黑箱”性质的问题，应用可解释人工智能（XAI）框架SHapley加性解释（SHAP），揭示了累积入渗通量（Q3D）对zc、σx和σz的贡献最大，而流量的贡献最小。本文提出的PSO-SVM-AdaBoost模型及其可解释性框架为地表滴灌系统的设计和土壤湿度传感器的优化配置提供了技术支持。

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引用次数: 0

Quantification of water in ginseng roots (Panax ginseng C. A. Meyer) in soil using 3D neutron imaging 利用三维中子成像定量土壤中人参根（Panax ginseng C. A. Meyer）中的水分

IF 6.5 1区农林科学 Q1 AGRONOMY

Agricultural Water Management

Pub Date : 2026-01-23 DOI: 10.1016/j.agwat.2026.110183

Cheul Muu Sim , TaeJoo Kim , Hwasuk Oh , Robert Bellarmin Nshimirimana , Michael Frei , Bernd Honermeier

The ginseng plant is threatened with extinction owing to the prevalence of soil-borne pathogens and water shortage in field cultivation due to climate change. To optimize water management in controlled cultivation that can sustain ginseng production, a 3D neutron imaging method was developed to quantitatively measure water content of roots growing in soil. It was determined that, according to a Monte Carlo simulation, the neutron penetration rate is 32 %, which allows quantitative measurement of water thicknesses up to 30 mm in aluminum phantom using 3D neutron imaging. In the simulation, the aluminum phantom was buried in soil with 12 % moisture content contained in a 50 mm diameter aluminum pot. In practical experiments, the neutron penetration rate of an aluminum phantom buried in soil with a moisture content of 7.7 % was 18 % at a water thickness of 30 mm. A calibration curve was created to quantitatively measure the water content of aluminum phantom buried in aluminum pot soil with 1.3∼7.7 % moisture. The water content of 3-year-old ginseng roots growing in aluminum pot soil with a moisture content of 7.7 % was quantitatively determined to be 70.0 % (±5 %), 55.0 % (±5 %) and 70.0 % (± 5 %) on the basis of the calibration curve. It is concluded that, the in vivo 3D neutron imaging is a unique way to analyze the hydrology throughout the seedling and culturing stages of plant roots in soil for controlled cultivation.

由于土壤病原菌的流行和气候变化导致的田间栽培缺水，人参植物面临灭绝的威胁。为了优化控制栽培中的水分管理，以维持人参的生产，开发了一种三维中子成像方法来定量测量土壤中根系的水分含量。根据蒙特卡罗模拟，确定了中子穿透率为32 %，这使得使用3D中子成像可以定量测量铝模中高达30 mm的水厚度。在模拟中，铝模埋在直径为50 mm的铝锅中，土壤含水量为12 %。在实际实验中，铝模埋在含水量为7.7 %的土壤中，水厚为30 mm时，中子穿透率为18 %。建立了定量测定水分为1.3 ~ 7.7 %的铝锅土中铝模含水量的校准曲线。在7.7 %铝盆土中生长的3年生人参根系，根据标定曲线定量测定其含水量分别为70.0 %（±5 %）、55.0 %（±5 %）和70.0 %（±5 %）。综上所述，体内三维中子成像是一种独特的方法，可以分析植物根系在土壤中整个苗期和育成阶段的水文情况，以进行控制栽培。

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引用次数: 0

Divergent performance of multiple satellite-based products for monitoring water use efficiency across diverse agroecosystems 用于监测不同农业生态系统用水效率的多种卫星产品的不同性能

IF 6.5 1区农林科学 Q1 AGRONOMY

Agricultural Water Management

Pub Date : 2026-01-22 DOI: 10.1016/j.agwat.2026.110179

Yanan Chen , Dongqiang Chen , Jiaoyue Wang , Li Yao , Jianguang Wen , Xuguang Tang

Multiple satellite remote sensing-based gross primary productivity (GPP) and evapotranspiration (ET) products have been developed to simulate the spatiotemporal patterns of carbon and water cycles in terrestrial ecosystems. However, the performance of these products in monitoring cropland water use efficiency (WUE) has rarely been evaluated. In this study, a total of 140 site-years of flux data across the maize, soybean, rice and winter wheat ecosystems were used as a benchmark to assess the performance of such products over 8-day, monthly and annual time scales, including the Breathing Earth System Simulator (BESS), Global Land Surface Satellite (GLASS), Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS), and the Penman-Monteith-Leuning V2 (PML), respectively. Our site-level evaluation demonstrated that the performance of such satellite-based products for monitoring WUE varied considerably across diverse agroecosystems. BESS WUE outperformed the other three products at all time scales when mixing all crop types together. However, the optimal product varied for specific crop across 8-day, monthly and yearly scales. At the 8-day scale, BESS performed best in simulating WUE for maize, while PML was superior for the other three crops. It indicated that the models that closely coupled carbon and water cycles tend to yield more robust WUE estimates. At the monthly scale, the BESS again provided the most accurate WUE for maize and soybean, whereas the PML product performed best for rice and winter wheat. Nevertheless, all products showed limitations, particularly in capturing the interannual variations of cropland WUE. On an annual scale, BESS exhibited the best accuracy (2.50 vs 2.51 g C kg⁻¹ H₂O), followed by PML (2.49 g C kg⁻¹ H₂O), MODIS (2.03 g C kg⁻¹ H₂O) and GLASS (1.53 g C kg⁻¹ H₂O) models. Our evaluation underscores the potential of integrating carbon and water cycles into models to enhance WUE performance, thereby providing a direction for future improvements in model structures.

开发了基于卫星遥感的多种总初级生产力（GPP）和蒸散发（ET）产品，用于模拟陆地生态系统碳和水循环的时空格局。然而，这些产品在监测农田水分利用效率（WUE）方面的性能很少得到评价。本研究以140个站点年的玉米、大豆、水稻和冬小麦生态系统通量数据为基准，分别使用呼吸地球系统模拟器（BESS）、全球陆地表面卫星（GLASS）、中分辨率成像光谱仪（MODIS）和Penman-Monteith-Leuning V2 (PML)，在8天、月和年时间尺度上评估这些产品的性能。我们的站点级评估表明，用于监测WUE的这种基于卫星的产品的性能在不同的农业生态系统中差异很大。当混合所有作物类型在一起时，BESS WUE在所有时间尺度上都优于其他三种产品。然而，特定作物的最佳产量在8天、月和年尺度上有所不同。在8 d尺度上，BESS对玉米水分利用效率的模拟效果最好，而PML对其他3种作物的模拟效果最好。它表明，碳和水循环紧密耦合的模式往往产生更可靠的用水效率估计。在月尺度上，BESS对玉米和大豆的水分利用效率最准确，而PML对水稻和冬小麦的水分利用效率最好。然而，所有产品都存在局限性，特别是在捕捉农田水分利用效率的年际变化方面。在年尺度上，BESS表现出最好的精度（2.50 vs 2.51 g C kg−1 H2O），其次是PML(2.49 g C kg−1 H2O)， MODIS（2.03 g C kg−1 H2O）和GLASS（1.53 g C kg−1 H2O）模型。我们的评估强调了将碳和水循环整合到模型中以提高WUE性能的潜力，从而为未来模型结构的改进提供了方向。

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引用次数: 0

Degree of subsoil rock weathering alters soil water storage and tree water uses in irrigated apple orchards 地下岩石风化程度改变了灌溉苹果园土壤水分储存和树木水分利用

IF 6.5 1区农林科学 Q1 AGRONOMY

Agricultural Water Management

Pub Date : 2026-01-22 DOI: 10.1016/j.agwat.2026.110133

Chuantao Wang , Yinglei Wang , Shuqin Qiao , Tamir Kamai , Huijie Li , Hongchen Li , Bingcheng Si

Water stored in the weathered rock layers beneath shallow soils is essential for deep-rooted plants, particularly under limited precipitation and irrigation, and becomes even critical during drought. However, the influence of weathering degree on water supply capacity and tree transpiration remains poorly understood. We selected three apple orchards with different weathering degrees (WWP: weaker; SWP: stronger; FWP: fully weathered) and monitored soil moisture, tree transpiration, and root water uptake sources over three years using thermal diffusion probes, TDR, and stable isotopes. Results indicated that bulk density in the weathered layers exceeded 1.8 g cm⁻³ for WWP and SWP, significantly higher than FWP (1.4 g cm⁻³). WWP exhibited higher gravel content (over 30 %) and lower clay (below 10 %) compared to SWP and FWP, resulting in greater hydraulic conductivity but reduced water retention. Consequently, water storage in WWP profiles (0–2 m depth) was markedly lower than in SWP and FWP. Groundwater levels under WWP responded faster to water inputs, indicating rapid percolation. Tree transpiration rates followed the order SWP, FWP, WWP, highlighting differences in water availability across profiles. Stable isotope analyses revealed that trees in FWP orchards utilized water flexibly across layers. Notably, the average utilization rate of weathered rock water (80–200 cm) in SWP was only 16.62 %, while WWP showed a significantly higher utilization rate of 36.50 %. These findings suggest that orchards on weakly weathered rock with poor surface water-holding capacity should adopt reduced irrigation volumes with increased frequency to improve water use efficiency in shallow-soil hilly areas.

储存在浅层土壤下风化岩层中的水对深根植物是必不可少的，特别是在降水和灌溉有限的情况下，在干旱期间甚至变得至关重要。然而，风化程度对供水量和树木蒸腾的影响尚不清楚。我们选择了3个不同风化程度的苹果园（WWP：较弱，SWP：较强，FWP：完全风化），利用热扩散探针、TDR和稳定同位素对土壤水分、树木蒸腾和根系吸收源进行了3年的监测。结果表明：风化层中WWP和SWP的体积密度均大于1.8 g cm−3，显著高于FWP(1.4 g cm−3)；与SWP和FWP相比，WWP表现出更高的砾石含量（超过30 %）和更低的粘土含量（低于10 %），从而提高了水力导电性，但降低了保水率。因此，WWP剖面（0-2 m深度）的储水量明显低于SWP和FWP。WWP下的地下水位对水输入的响应更快，表明快速渗透。树木蒸腾速率依次为SWP、FWP、WWP，突出了不同剖面水分有效性的差异。稳定同位素分析表明，FWP果园树木对水分的利用是灵活的。值得注意的是，SWP对80 ~ 200 cm的风化岩石水的平均利用率仅为16.62 %，而WWP的平均利用率为36.50 %。这些结果表明，在浅层土壤丘陵区，地表持水能力较差的弱风化岩石上的果园应减少灌溉量，增加灌溉频率，以提高水分利用效率。

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引用次数: 0

Integrating water evaluation and adaptation planning with enhanced sustainable development goals impact assessment for sustainable irrigation optimization in water stressed agricultural basin 将水资源评价与适应规划与强化可持续发展目标相结合，实现水资源紧张农业流域可持续灌溉优化

IF 6.5 1区农林科学 Q1 AGRONOMY

Agricultural Water Management

Pub Date : 2026-01-22 DOI: 10.1016/j.agwat.2026.110132

Naveed Ahmed , Jiang Ming , Youssef M. Youssef , Shahid Ali , Nassir Alarifi , Waqas Ul Hussan , Faten Nahas , Mahmoud E. Abd-Elmaboud

This study advances prior approaches by integrating Water Evaluation and Adaptation Planning (WEAP) modelling with a novel Enhanced Sustainable Development Goals (SDG) Impact Assessment Framework (ESIAF) to holistically evaluate irrigation scenarios in water-stressed agricultural regions such as the Indus Basin. Applied to the Chaj Doab region within Pakistan's Indus Basin, this research fills a critical gap in canal-specific, SDG-linked planning for water-stressed agricultural regions. In this integrated approach, the WEAP model simulated physical system responses, quantifying that the optimal scenario (Scenario 3) improves water-use efficiency by 32.4 % (to 67.55 kg/m³) and increases crop yields by 74 %. The ESIAF sustainability assessment reveals this scenario achieves a Final Sustainability Score (FSS) of 0.66 with a Sustainability Balance Index (SBI) of 0.86, demonstrating robust alignment with SDG 6 (Clean Water and Sanitation), SDG 2 (Zero Hunger), and SDG 8 (Decent Work and Economic Growth). Conversely, climate change projections (Scenario 5) indicate system reliability could plummet to 34–35 %, underscoring the urgency of adaptive measures. The WEAP-ESIAF coupling provides a replicable decision-support tool that offers direct insights for implementing Pakistan's National Water Policy (2018) and guiding sustainable irrigation investments in semi-arid, glacier-dependent basins.

本研究通过将水资源评估和适应规划（WEAP）模型与新的增强型可持续发展目标（SDG）影响评估框架（ESIAF）相结合，对印度河流域等水资源紧张农业区的灌溉情景进行了全面评估，从而推进了先前的方法。该研究应用于巴基斯坦印度河流域的Chaj Doab地区，填补了水资源紧张农业区与运河相关的可持续发展目标规划的关键空白。在这种综合方法中，WEAP模型模拟了物理系统响应，量化了最佳方案（方案3）将水利用效率提高了32.4% %（至67.55 kg/m³），并将作物产量提高了74 %。ESIAF可持续性评估显示，该情景的最终可持续性得分（FSS）为0.66，可持续性平衡指数（SBI）为0.86，与可持续发展目标6（清洁水和卫生设施）、可持续发展目标2（零饥饿）和可持续发展目标8（体面工作和经济增长）保持一致。相反，气候变化预测（情景5）表明，系统可靠性可能暴跌至34-35 %，强调了适应性措施的紧迫性。weapon - esiaf耦合提供了一种可复制的决策支持工具，为实施巴基斯坦国家水资源政策（2018年）和指导半干旱、依赖冰川的流域的可持续灌溉投资提供了直接见解。

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引用次数: 0

Response of soil water–salt distribution and maize growth to aerated subsurface drip irrigation in saline soils 盐碱地土壤水盐分布及玉米生长对加气地下滴灌的响应

IF 6.5 1区农林科学 Q1 AGRONOMY

Agricultural Water Management

Pub Date : 2026-01-22 DOI: 10.1016/j.agwat.2026.110173

Wenxiu Li , Kai Chang , Xiangping Wang , Changcheng He , Qiancheng Gao , Rongjiang Yao , Wenping Xie , Dongxiang Ma , Hai Zhu , Wei Zhu

Aerated subsurface drip irrigation (ASDI) is a promising strategy for improving crop productivity in saline soils, yet its effects on root–zone water–salt dynamics and crop adaptation remain unclear. Here, based on a two–year field experiment, we assessed the effects of ASDI on soil water–salt distribution, root development, crop yield, and irrigation water productivity under conventional (W₁) and 20 % water–saving (W_0.8) irrigation regimes, each combined with two dissolved oxygen concentrations (12 and 20 mg /L), using non–aerated irrigation as the control (CK). ASDI improved the soil water–salt environment by enhancing water storage, infiltration, and salt suppression, with salinity responses showing clear irrigation–dependent and temporal patterns. Under W₁, aeration consistently reduced salt accumulation over two seasons, maintaining soil salt storage below CK. The initially smaller low–salinity zone under W₁ compared with W_0.8 likely reflected feedbacks between root growth and water–salt redistribution. In contrast, under W_0.8, the low–salinity zone progressively contracted by 2024, accompanied by soil salt storage exceeding CK, indicating a potential risk of salt accumulation under sustained water–saving irrigation. Increasing the aeration mitigated this trend and enhanced soil enzyme activity. An improved root–zone environment promoted root development, increasing the maximum root density by 16 % and other root traits. These responses sustained grain yield under water–saving conditions, while increasing the harvest index by 2.5 % and irrigation water productivity by 25.0 %. Overall, aeration alleviated salt accumulation and supported crop performance, while its longer–term effectiveness under continuous water–saving requires further validation.

加气地下滴灌（ASDI）是提高盐碱地作物生产力的一种有前景的策略，但其对根区水盐动态和作物适应性的影响尚不清楚。在此，基于为期两年的田间试验，我们评估了ASDI对土壤水盐分布、根系发育、作物产量和灌溉水生产力的影响，在常规（W1）和20% %节水（W0.8）灌溉方案下，每个方案都结合两种溶解氧浓度（12和20 mg /L），以无通气灌溉为对照（CK）。ASDI通过加强水分储存、入渗和抑盐等措施改善了土壤水盐环境，其盐度响应具有明显的灌溉依赖和时间模式。在W1条件下，通气连续两季减少了土壤盐分积累，使土壤盐分储量保持在CK以下。与W0.8相比，W1初始低盐度区较小，可能反映了根系生长与水盐再分配之间的反馈。W0.8条件下，到2024年，低盐区逐渐收缩，土壤盐储量超过CK，表明持续节水灌溉存在积盐风险。增加曝气量可以缓解这一趋势，提高土壤酶活性。根区环境的改善促进了根系发育，最大根密度提高了16% %，其他根系性状也有所提高。这些响应维持了节水条件下的粮食产量，同时使收获指数提高了2.5 %，灌溉水生产力提高了25.0 %。总体而言，曝气缓解了盐积累，有利于作物生产，但在持续节水条件下，其长期有效性有待进一步验证。

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引用次数: 0

The dominant effect of atmospheric drought on carbon and water fluxes in Central Asia and the response of critical thresholds 大气干旱对中亚地区碳和水通量的主导效应及临界阈值的响应

IF 6.5 1区农林科学 Q1 AGRONOMY

Agricultural Water Management

Pub Date : 2026-01-22 DOI: 10.1016/j.agwat.2026.110180

Heran Yahefujiang , Jie Zou , Wulala Tangjialeke , Jianli Ding , Yue Cao , Yue Xu , Shiqi An

In the context of global climate change, the severity and frequency of drought events are on the rise. Compound droughts, marked by both soil aridity and atmospheric dry conditions, exert significant effects on how terrestrial ecosystems operate. As a crucial ecological trait, ecosystem Water Use Efficiency (WUE) denotes the interrelationship between the carbon cycle and the water cycle. Therefore, understanding the respective impacts of soil drought and atmospheric drought on WUE, as well as their critical thresholds, is essential for predicting drought risks. The present study employs multi-source remote sensing datasets covering 2001–2023, integrates binning-based decoupling approaches and threshold detection techniques, and quantitatively assesses the independent impacts of soil and atmospheric drought on WUE across Central Asia, while identifying the threshold responses of WUE to these drought stressors. Major outcomes are summarized as follows: (1) In the majority of Central Asian territories, Vapor Pressure Deficit (VPD) represents the dominant factor regulating WUE, covering approximately 88.06 % of the regional extent. Across different drought intensities, vegetation types, latitudes, and elevation gradients, VPD consistently emerges as the key driver of WUE; (2) Approximately 15 % of the region exhibits a critical threshold response of WUE to atmospheric drought, with notable spatial heterogeneity. On average, the critical transition of WUE corresponds to the 80th percentile of VPD. This research offers a theoretical basis to support drought evaluation and ecological rehabilitation initiatives across Central Asia.

在全球气候变化的背景下，干旱事件的严重程度和频率都在上升。以土壤干旱和大气干旱为特征的复合干旱对陆地生态系统的运作方式产生重大影响。生态系统水分利用效率（WUE）是一项重要的生态性状，反映了碳循环与水循环之间的相互关系。因此，了解土壤干旱和大气干旱对水分利用效率的影响及其临界阈值，对预测干旱风险至关重要。本研究采用2001-2023年多源遥感数据集，结合基于分类的解耦方法和阈值检测技术，定量评估中亚地区土壤和大气干旱对水分利用效率的独立影响，并确定水分利用效率对这些干旱胁迫的阈值响应。主要结果如下：(1)在中亚大部分地区，水汽压亏缺（VPD）是水分利用效率的主导因子，约占区域面积的88.06% %。在不同干旱强度、植被类型、纬度和海拔梯度下，VPD始终是WUE的关键驱动因素；(2)约15% %的区域水分利用效率对大气干旱具有临界阈值响应，且空间异质性显著。平均而言，WUE的临界转变对应于VPD的第80个百分位数。该研究为中亚地区干旱评价和生态恢复提供了理论依据。

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引用次数: 0

Integrating remote sensing and ion balance to predict yield losses under saline irrigation in rice 结合遥感和离子平衡预测水稻盐灌条件下产量损失

IF 6.5 1区农林科学 Q1 AGRONOMY

Agricultural Water Management

Pub Date : 2026-01-21 DOI: 10.1016/j.agwat.2026.110164

Gregorio Egea , Annkathrin Rosenbaum , Mathias Becker , José Rodolfo Quintana-Molina , Shyam Pariyar

Rice cultivation in the Guadalquivir River marshes of southern Spain is increasingly constrained by irrigation water salinity, exacerbated by drought and seawater intrusion. This study assessed the agronomic, physiological, and spectral responses of indica and japonica cultivars under commercial farming conditions across a natural salinity gradient (mean electrical conductivity of irrigation water ranging from 3.1 to 6.9 dS m⁻¹). Field measurements included yield, growth traits, and leaf ion concentrations, complemented with Sentinel-2 vegetation indices and integrated using Generalized Additive Models (GAMs). Rice yield declined steeply with salinity, with up to 70 % losses between 3 and 7 dS m⁻¹ . Rice grown in medium-salinity fields maintained Na/K ratios comparable to low-salinity fields, suggesting that compensatory K⁺ uptake mitigated yield penalties. By contrast, high salinity led to marked ionic imbalance, particularly in japonica cultivars, which consistently exhibited higher Na/K ratios than indica. Spectral data revealed that broad-band greenness indices (NDVI, GNDVI, EVI, SAVI, NDRE) effectively captured early osmotic effects (<60 DAS), while MCARI uniquely detected late-stage ionic stress during reproductive phases. GAM analysis confirmed two phenological windows of higher sensitivity to salinity—vegetative establishment and reproductive development—while demonstrating the predictive utility of combined physiological and spectral indicators (LOOCV R² = 0.867). These findings underscore the need for growth phase-specific management and the potential of integrating physiological and remote sensing data to support adaptation strategies in Mediterranean rice systems.

西班牙南部瓜达尔基维尔河沼泽的水稻种植日益受到灌溉用水盐度的限制，干旱和海水入侵加剧了这一限制。本研究评估了商业耕作条件下籼稻和粳稻品种在自然盐度梯度（灌溉水的平均电导率从3.1到6.9 dS m⁻¹）下的农艺、生理和光谱反应。现场测量包括产量、生长性状和叶片离子浓度，辅以Sentinel-2植被指数，并利用广义加性模型（GAMs）进行整合。水稻产量因盐渍化而急剧下降，在3 ~ 7 dS m之间损失高达70% %⁻¹ 。在中盐田种植的水稻保持了与低盐田相当的Na/K比值，这表明补偿性K⁺的吸收减轻了产量损失。相反，高盐度导致明显的离子失衡，特别是粳稻品种，其Na/K比值始终高于籼稻。光谱数据显示，宽带绿度指数（NDVI、GNDVI、EVI、SAVI、NDRE）能有效捕捉到早期渗透效应（60 DAS），而MCARI能独特地检测到生殖期后期离子胁迫。GAM分析证实了两个物候窗口-营养建立和生殖发育-对盐度的敏感性较高，同时显示了生理和光谱综合指标的预测效用（LOOCV R²= 0.867）。这些发现强调了对生长阶段进行特定管理的必要性，以及整合生理和遥感数据以支持地中海水稻系统适应战略的潜力。

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引用次数: 0

Precision nanobubble irrigation tailors plant physiology to drive sustainable lettuce growth with water savings 精确的纳米气泡灌溉可以调节植物的生理机能，以节水驱动生菜的可持续生长

IF 6.5 1区农林科学 Q1 AGRONOMY

Agricultural Water Management

Pub Date : 2026-01-21 DOI: 10.1016/j.agwat.2026.110149

Jesús Morón-López , Aislinn Varela , Renato Montenegro-Ayo , Andrea Maya , Mariana Hernandez-Molina , Kenneth Flores , Emily E. Matula , John Graf , Onur Apul , Sergi Garcia-Segura

Under accelerating climate-driven water scarcity, improving irrigation efficiency for high-value leafy crops has become an urgent challenge for global food security. Nanobubbles (NBs), gas-filled cavities < 500 nm in diameter, have emerged as a promising irrigation technology capable of enhancing root-zone processes and early plant development with minimal additional water inputs. However, their effects in soil-based systems remain poorly resolved, particularly for leafy vegetables grown in water-stressed regions. Here, we systematically evaluate the influence of four gas types (O₂, CO₂, N₂, and air), delivered as NBs at three dilution levels (100 %, 50 %, and 10 %; corresponding to >10⁸ particles mL⁻¹ at 100 %), on early-stage growth and water productivity (WP) in lettuce (Lactuca sativa, var. 'Little Gem') grown in a peat moss, coconut coir, and vermiculite mixture. Our results reveal that moderately diluted O₂ NBs (10 %–50 %) accelerate germination, boost biomass accumulation, and improve water savings by up to ∼23 %. In contrast, high concentrations (100 %) of O₂ NBs reduced overall performance and induced elongated but narrow leaf morphology, consistent with stress-related growth allocation. The use of CO₂ NBs, particularly at higher concentrations, stimulates root expansion and leaf area development, while moderate N₂ NBs concentration enhanced ammonium uptake and root elongation. Air NBs produce modest and variable effects, serving as a baseline but never outperforming pure gas NBs. Together, these results demonstrate that gas-specific NBs treatments can be strategically tuned to regulate distinct physiological pathways during early plant development, supporting the potential of NBs-based irrigation as a tool for water-efficient, climate-resilient leafy crop production.

在气候驱动的水资源短缺加剧的情况下，提高高价值叶作物的灌溉效率已成为全球粮食安全面临的紧迫挑战。纳米气泡（NBs）是一种直径为 500 nm的充满气体的空腔，已经成为一种很有前途的灌溉技术，能够以最少的额外水输入促进根区过程和早期植物发育。然而，它们对土壤系统的影响仍然没有得到很好的解决，特别是对在缺水地区种植的叶菜。在这里，我们系统地评估了四种气体类型（O2, CO2， N2和空气），以三种稀释水平（100 %，50 %和10 %；对应于100 %的>；108颗粒mL−1）作为NBs输送，对生菜（Lactuca sativa, var.）早期生长和水分生产力（WP）的影响。“小宝石”)生长在泥炭苔藓、椰子椰子和蛭石的混合物中。我们的研究结果表明，适度稀释的O2 NBs（10 % -50 %）加速发芽，促进生物量积累，并提高节水高达23 %。相比之下，高浓度（100 %）的O2 NBs降低了植株的整体性能，诱导叶片形态变长但变窄，与胁迫相关的生长分配一致。CO2 NBs的使用，特别是在较高浓度下，促进了根的扩张和叶面积的发育，而适度的N2 NBs浓度促进了铵的吸收和根的伸长。空气NBs产生适度和可变的影响，作为基准，但永远不会超过纯气体NBs。总之，这些结果表明，气体特异性NBs处理可以在植物早期发育过程中进行战略性调整，以调节不同的生理途径，支持NBs灌溉作为节水、气候适应型叶作物生产工具的潜力。

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引用次数: 0

Developing effective deep-rooted winter wheat cultivars improves adaptation to stored-soil-water irrigation in the North China Plain 培育有效的深根冬小麦品种提高了华北平原对储水灌溉的适应性

IF 6.5 1区农林科学 Q1 AGRONOMY

Agricultural Water Management

Pub Date : 2026-01-20 DOI: 10.1016/j.agwat.2026.110165

Baoru Li , Jie Han , Huijie Gu , Zongzheng Yan , Lei Wang , Bianyin Wang , Xiuwei Liu

Root systems are crucial for soil water uptake in water-limited environments. However, it remains unclear whether winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cultivar renewal in the North China Plain (NCP) has led to adapted root traits in response to changing irrigation practices, particularly stored-soil-water irrigation (W1). A two-year field experiment was conducted using nine historical winter wheat cultivars (released from 1978 to 2021) under two irrigation regimes: conventional full irrigation (W3) and W1. Root traits, grain yield, water use efficiency (WUE), and evapotranspiration (ET) were analyzed, and the APSIM model was used to simulate the potential for root improvement to enhance grain yield under these regimes. Cultivar renewal significantly increased grain yield by 23 kg·ha⁻¹·yr⁻¹ and WUE by 8.2–8.4 g·m⁻³·yr⁻¹ under W1 conditions but did not lead to a concurrent improvement in ET and root traits. In contrast, W1 significantly increased root mass density by 24.5–27.3 % and root length density by 9.7–25.6 % in the 50–150 cm soil layer compared to W3. APSIM simulations demonstrated that optimizing root traits for greater deep-water extraction could substantially boost yield under W1, with a projected increase of 37.5 kg·ha⁻¹ per additional millimeter of water absorbed. We conclude that modern cultivars have improved WUE, but breeding has not strategically enhanced deep root systems to match the needs of water-saving irrigation. Targeted breeding for winter wheat cultivars with more efficient deep roots is crucial to fully leverage the benefits of W1.

在缺水环境中，根系对土壤吸收水分至关重要。然而，目前尚不清楚华北平原冬小麦（Triticum aestivum L.）品种更新是否导致根系性状适应灌溉方式的变化，特别是储水灌溉（W1）。采用9个历史冬小麦品种（1978 - 2021年发布），在常规全灌（W3）和W1两种灌溉制度下进行了为期两年的田间试验。通过分析根系性状、籽粒产量、水分利用效率（WUE）和蒸散量（ET），利用APSIM模型模拟不同处理方式下根系改良提高籽粒产量的潜力。W1条件下，品种更新使籽粒产量显著提高23 kg·ha−1·yr−1，水分利用效率显著提高8.2 ~ 8.4 g·m−3·yr−1，但未导致ET和根系性状同时改善。在50 ~ 150 cm土层中，W1比W3显著提高了根质量密度24.5 ~ 27.3 %，根长密度9.7 ~ 25.6 %。APSIM模拟表明，在W1条件下，优化根系性状以实现更大的深水提取可以显著提高产量，预计每增加一毫米吸水量可增加37.5 kg·ha - 1。我们得出结论，现代栽培品种提高了水分利用效率，但育种并没有战略性地增强深层根系以适应节水灌溉的需要。有针对性地选育具有更高效深根的冬小麦品种对于充分利用W1的优势至关重要。

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引用次数: 0