Agricultural Water Management最新文献

Improving actual evapotranspiration estimation under water stress by fusing solar-induced fluorescence, photochemical reflectance index, and interpretable deep learning models 通过融合太阳诱导荧光、光化学反射指数和可解释深度学习模型，改进水分胁迫下的实际蒸散估算

IF 6.5 1区农林科学 Q1 AGRONOMY

Agricultural Water Management

Pub Date : 2026-04-01 Epub Date: 2026-02-12 DOI: 10.1016/j.agwat.2026.110223

Yao Li , Jiayu Wu , Xuegui Zhang , Xiaobo Gu , Jiatun Xu , Huanjie Cai , Xiongbiao Peng

Accurately estimating actual crop evapotranspiration (ET_{c act}) is critical for evaluating crop water use efficiency and simulating regional water–carbon cycles, particularly under the increasing frequency of climate change and drought events. Traditional meteorology-based ET_{c act} estimation methods often fall short in capturing the physiological processes of photosynthesis and energy partitioning in vegetation. In contrast, two spectral indicators—solar-induced chlorophyll fluorescence (SIF) and photochemical reflectance index (PRI)—provide additional information related to crop light use efficiency and short-term stress responses. This study developed a multi-source driven framework for ET_{c act} estimation by integrating meteorological and spectral data, based on continuous field observations of rainfed winter wheat from 2021 to 2024. Machine learning (ML) and deep learning (DL) models were used to evaluate the impact of multiple feature combinations, and Shapley additive explanation (SHAP) analysis was applied to interpret model behavior. The results showed that: (1) Correlation and maximal information coefficient analyses identified net radiation (Rn), SIF, and air temperature (Tair) as the dominant controls of ET_{c act} variability, while the contribution of PRI became more evident under drought conditions; (2) Scenario S2 (Rn, SIF, PRI, and Tair) achieved the best balance between feature dimensionality and estimation accuracy; (3) The Temporal Convolutional Network (TCN) achieved the highest performance, with an average R² of 0.93 and RMSE and MAE values of 0.78 mm·day⁻¹ and 0.88 mm·day⁻¹, respectively, surpassing traditional ML and Long Short-Term Memory models; (4) SHAP analysis revealed an increase in PRI’s contribution under drought, supporting its complementary role to SIF in representing water-stress-related physiological responses. By integrating meteorological and spectral information, this study proposes an ET_{c act} estimation framework with enhanced physiological interpretability and highlights the synergistic value of combining SIF and PRI inputs. These findings provide technical pathways and theoretical support for crop water use efficiency monitoring, drought response analysis, and regional evapotranspiration modeling.

在气候变化和干旱事件日益频繁的背景下，准确估算作物实际蒸散量对于评估作物水分利用效率和模拟区域水碳循环至关重要。传统的基于气象的ETc行为估计方法在捕捉植被光合作用和能量分配的生理过程方面存在不足。相比之下，两个光谱指标——太阳诱导的叶绿素荧光（SIF）和光化学反射指数（PRI）——提供了与作物光利用效率和短期胁迫响应相关的额外信息。基于2021 - 2024年旱作冬小麦连续野外观测数据，综合气象和光谱数据，构建了多源驱动的ETc行为估算框架。使用机器学习（ML）和深度学习（DL）模型来评估多个特征组合的影响，并使用Shapley加性解释（SHAP）分析来解释模型行为。结果表明：(1)相关分析和最大信息系数分析表明，净辐射（Rn）、SIF和气温（Tair）是ETc行为变异的主要控制因子，而PRI的贡献在干旱条件下更为明显；(2)场景S2 （Rn、SIF、PRI和Tair）在特征维数和估计精度之间达到了最佳平衡；(3)时间卷积网络（TCN）的平均R2为0.93，RMSE和MAE分别为0.78 mm·day - 1和0.88 mm·day - 1，优于传统的ML和长短期记忆模型；(4) SHAP分析显示干旱条件下PRI的贡献增加，支持PRI与SIF在表征水分胁迫相关生理反应中的互补作用。本研究通过整合气象和光谱信息，提出了一个具有增强生理可解释性的ETc行为估计框架，并突出了SIF和PRI输入相结合的协同价值。这些发现为作物水分利用效率监测、干旱响应分析和区域蒸散模拟提供了技术途径和理论支持。

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引用次数: 0

Corrigendum to “AI-driven decision support system enhances productivity, water use efficiency, and soil sustainability of strategic crops in sandy soils” [Agric. Water Manag. 325 (2026) 1–9/110198] “人工智能驱动的决策支持系统提高了沙质土壤中战略作物的生产力、水利用效率和土壤可持续性”[农业]。环境科学学报，2009 (5):389 - 389 [j]

IF 6.5 1区农林科学 Q1 AGRONOMY

Agricultural Water Management

Pub Date : 2026-04-01 Epub Date: 2026-02-20 DOI: 10.1016/j.agwat.2026.110240

Eman I.R. EMARA , Abdullateef M. Al-SAEED , Lamy M.M. HAMED

引用次数: 0

Resistance optimization and applicability of the TSEB model in desert–oasis areas 沙漠-绿洲地区TSEB模型的阻力优化及适用性

IF 6.5 1区农林科学 Q1 AGRONOMY

Agricultural Water Management

Pub Date : 2026-04-01 Epub Date: 2026-02-17 DOI: 10.1016/j.agwat.2026.110231

Shuo Lun , Tingxi Liu , Yongzhi Bao , Lina Hao , Limin Duan , Wei Zhang , Simin Zhang , Yiran Zhang , V.P. Singh , Dongmin Wang

Evapotranspiration (ET) is crucial for the water and carbon cycles of ecosystems, and accurate characterization of ET processes is essential for understanding regional water cycle mechanisms and ecohydrological dynamics. However, limitations in observational data and conventional modeling frameworks continue to constrain the accuracy of ET estimation over complex desert–oasis surfaces. In this study, the Enhanced Spatial and Temporal Adaptive Reflectance Fusion Model (ESTARFM) was integrated with the Two-Source Energy Balance (TSEB) model to simulate ET at an 8-day temporal and 30 m spatial resolution in a typical desert–oasis region. The interpolated meteorological station data and MODIS-Landsat fusion data were employed as the model inputs, and an additional heat transfer resistance formulation (KB) combined with an improved canopy/soil resistance equation was incorporated to optimize the TSEB model. Model parameters were further refined using the Monte Carlo method, and the model was validated against eddy covariance observations. The results demonstrated that the introduction of additional heat transfer resistance and improved canopy/soil resistance equations substantially reduced the overestimation and underestimation of latent heat flux (LE) and sensible heat flux (H) in the original model. The TSEB-MH model produced the most accurate sensible heat flux estimates (RMSE = 22.18 W m², R² = 0.64), reducing RMSE by 49.9 %, 20.1 %, and 34.0 % relative to TSEB, TSEB-KB, and TSEB-CH, respectively (RMSE = 44.30/27.76/33.60 W m^2; R² = 0.49/0.51/0.60). Meanwhile, R² increased by 0.15, 0.13, and 0.04 compared with TSEB, TSEB-KB, and TSEB-CH, respectively. For latent heat flux, the simulation accuracies of the TSEB, TSEB-KB, TSEB-CH, and TSEB-MH models were RMSE = 62.36/53.13/53.32/54.8 W/m² and R² = 0.62/0.70/0.72/0.69, with the TSEB-CH model performing best. The comparison of multi-year cumulative ET from 2013 to 2022 estimated by the TSEB-CH and TSEB-MH models and two ET products indicated that the TSEB-MH and TSEB-CH models provided higher spatial resolution and accuracy in ET estimation, particularly in arid and topographically complex areas. This study enhances the applicability of the TSEB model for energy flux estimation across desert–oasis surfaces and provides technical support for desertification control, ecological restoration, and water resource management in arid regions.

蒸散发（Evapotranspiration， ET）对生态系统的水和碳循环至关重要，准确表征蒸散发过程对理解区域水循环机制和生态水文动力学至关重要。然而，观测数据和传统建模框架的局限性继续制约着复杂沙漠-绿洲表面ET估算的准确性。本研究将增强型时空自适应反射融合模型（ESTARFM）与双源能量平衡（TSEB）模型相结合，模拟了典型荒漠绿洲地区8天时间和30 m空间分辨率的ET。采用插值后的气象站数据和MODIS-Landsat融合数据作为模型输入，并引入额外的传热阻力公式（KB）和改进的冠层/土壤阻力方程对TSEB模型进行优化。利用蒙特卡罗方法对模型参数进行了进一步细化，并对模型进行了涡动相关观测验证。结果表明，引入额外的传热阻力和改进的冠层/土壤阻力方程显著降低了原始模型中潜热通量（LE）和感热通量(H)的高估和低估。相对于TSEB、TSEB- kb和TSEB- ch模型，TSEB- mh模型产生的感热通量最精确（RMSE = 22.18 W m2, R2 = 0.64）， RMSE分别降低了49.9 %、20.1 %和34.0 % （RMSE = 44.30/27.76/33.60 W m2, R2 = 0.49/0.51/0.60）。与TSEB、TSEB- kb和TSEB- ch相比，R2分别增加0.15、0.13和0.04。对于潜热通量，TSEB、TSEB- kb、TSEB- ch和TSEB- mh模型的模拟精度RMSE = 62.36/53.13/53.32/54.8 W/m2, R2 = 0.62/0.70/0.72/0.69，其中以TSEB- ch模型的模拟精度最好。通过对2013 - 2022年TSEB-CH和TSEB-MH模式和两种ET产品估算的多年累积ET的比较，表明TSEB-MH和TSEB-CH模式在估算ET方面具有更高的空间分辨率和精度，特别是在干旱和地形复杂地区。该研究增强了TSEB模型在荒漠-绿洲地表能量通量估算中的适用性，为干旱区荒漠化防治、生态恢复和水资源管理提供了技术支持。

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引用次数: 0

Assessment of deficit irrigation impacts on water productivity and crop yield in the arid yellow river Basin using the SWAT model 利用SWAT模型评价黄河干旱区亏缺灌溉对水分生产力和作物产量的影响

IF 6.5 1区农林科学 Q1 AGRONOMY

Agricultural Water Management

Pub Date : 2026-04-01 Epub Date: 2026-02-23 DOI: 10.1016/j.agwat.2026.110244

Haoze Zhang , Wenzhi Zeng , Haoyu Wang , Yi Liu , Chang Ao

Precision irrigation technologies, epitomized by drip irrigation, are crucial for mitigating agricultural water scarcity in arid regions. However, their widespread adoption is constrained by high initial investments, complex technical demands, and potential environmental risks. Consequently, a vast water-saving potential remains untapped within the less efficient, conventional irrigation systems that still dominate vast territories, such as Northwest China. This study presents a pragmatic and cost-effective pathway to enhance water productivity by evaluating alternative irrigation management. We developed and validated a coupled hydrological-crop growth framework using an improved Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) model for a large, canal-fed plain irrigation district in the Yellow River Basin. The model demonstrated high credibility, with a Nash-Sutcliffe efficiency NSE of 0.61 for runoff simulation and a coefficient of determination R² of 0.95 for maize yield estimation. The results reveal that strategic deficit irrigation, applied during non-critical growth stages, can reduce annual water diversion by 11 %–17 % while limiting yield losses to a marginal 2 %–3 %. This concurrently increases regional water productivity by 0.05–0.13 kg/m³ . Our study provides a model-driven framework demonstrating that achieving substantial water savings and ensuring stable food production is feasible without immediate, large-scale hardware investments.

以滴灌为代表的精准灌溉技术对缓解干旱地区农业缺水问题至关重要。然而，它们的广泛采用受到初始投资高、技术要求复杂和潜在环境风险的限制。因此，在效率较低的传统灌溉系统中，巨大的节水潜力仍未得到开发，这些系统仍在中国西北等大片地区占据主导地位。本研究通过评价替代灌溉管理提出了一种实用且具有成本效益的途径来提高水生产力。我们利用改良的土壤和水分评估工具（SWAT）模型，开发并验证了黄河流域一个大型渠养平原灌区的水文-作物耦合生长框架。该模型具有较高的可信度，径流模拟的Nash-Sutcliffe效率NSE为0.61，玉米产量估算的决定系数R²为0.95。结果表明，在非关键生育期实施战略亏缺灌溉，可使年调水量减少11% % - 17% %，同时将产量损失限制在2% % - 3% %的边际范围内。这同时使区域水生产力提高了0.05-0.13 kg/m³ 。我们的研究提供了一个模型驱动的框架，表明实现大量节水和确保稳定的粮食生产是可行的，而无需立即进行大规模的硬件投资。

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引用次数: 0

Determination of irrigation water use from multiple soil moisture observations at a fine spatial resolution: Preferred model optimization and fusion strategy 在精细空间分辨率下，从多个土壤水分观测数据中确定灌溉用水：优选模型优化和融合策略

IF 6.5 1区农林科学 Q1 AGRONOMY

Agricultural Water Management

Pub Date : 2026-04-01 Epub Date: 2026-02-19 DOI: 10.1016/j.agwat.2026.110232

Qiu-Yu Yan , Shuangxue Zhai , Pei Leng , Chunfeng Ma , Abba Aliyu Kasim , Seokhyeon Kim , Qian-Yu Liao , Tian Ma , Yun-Jing Geng , Shiyuan Fu , Muhannad Adnan Siddique , Yayong Sun , Jianwei Ma , Xiaoning Song , Zhao-Liang Li

Determining high-resolution irrigation water use (IWU) is essential for agricultural water management. However, current remote sensing and statistics-based approaches suffer from either a challenge of coarse spatial resolution or insufficient irrigation details. Given that IWU estimation is fundamentally dependent on soil moisture (SM) dynamics in accordance with the water balance principle, we have proposed a framework to determine the IWU amount using multiple SM observations at kilometer scale across the entire irrigated farmlands throughout China. This framework specifically focuses on investigating SM dynamics at which depth is optimal for estimating IWU, considering that irrigation water infiltration leads to asynchronous SM variations across soil column. Moreover, an optimal fusion strategy was implemented to mitigate the possible error of a single SM data on the determination of the individual IWU amount estimation. The proposed framework exhibits the best IWU estimates when considering SM dynamics at the top layer (0–10 cm), with a correlation coefficient (R) of 0.79 and an unbiased root mean square error (ubRMSE) of 4.14 km³/year compared with statistics collected from the China Water Resources Bulletin over a period of 10 years (2010–2019). This result demonstrates the feasibility of using satellite SM products to estimate the IWU amount. An optimal fusion strategy incorporating multiple satellite-based fine resolution SM products shows improved IWU estimates with an ubRMSE decrease of approximately 10 % (3.72 km³/year), indicating the effectiveness of multiple satellite SM datasets in reducing the uncertainty associated with IWU estimation.

确定高分辨率灌溉用水（IWU）对农业用水管理至关重要。然而，目前基于遥感和统计的方法面临着空间分辨率粗糙或灌溉细节不足的挑战。基于水分平衡原理对土壤水分动态的影响，本文提出了一种基于多公里尺度土壤水分观测数据的土壤水分估算框架。考虑到灌溉水入渗导致跨土壤柱的异步SM变化，该框架特别关注于研究SM动态，该深度是估算IWU的最佳深度。此外，采用最优融合策略，降低了单个SM数据在确定单个IWU量估计时可能出现的误差。与《中国水资源公报》2010-2019年10年的统计数据相比，该框架在考虑顶层（0-10 cm） SM动态时，具有最佳的IWU估计，相关系数(R)为0.79，无偏均方根误差（ubRMSE）为4.14 km3/年。这一结果证明了利用卫星SM产品估算IWU总量的可行性。采用基于多个卫星的精细分辨率SM产品的最优融合策略，IWU估算结果得到了改善，ubRMSE降低了约10 %（3.72 km3/年），表明多个卫星SM数据集在降低IWU估算相关不确定性方面是有效的。

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引用次数: 0

Effects of biochar application and irrigation system on gregate and soil respiration 施用生物炭和灌溉系统对牧草和土壤呼吸的影响

IF 6.5 1区农林科学 Q1 AGRONOMY

Agricultural Water Management

Pub Date : 2026-04-01 Epub Date: 2026-02-23 DOI: 10.1016/j.agwat.2026.110248

Jiaping Liang , Jun Yang , Na Li , Qiliang Yang

Biochar application enhances soil structural health and reduces carbon release by promoting aggregate stability and inhibiting microbial activity, while irrigation management exerts either stimulatory or inhibitory effects on soil aggregates and soil respiration (R_s) through water regulation. However, both are influenced by factors such as biochar properties, application rates, and irrigation regimes, leading to uncertainties in existing research findings. Based on data collected from 52 relevant studies, this research employed meta-analysis to quantitatively evaluate the effects of biochar and irrigation on the mean weight diameter (MWD), geometric mean diameter (GMD), and R_s of soil aggregates. Subgroup analysis, correlation analysis, and polynomial fitting were used to identify key regulatory factors. The results showed that biochar application significantly increased MWD and GMD, with the most pronounced effects observed for woody/herbaceous feedstocks, pyrolysis at medium-high temperatures (450–550 °C and > 550 °C), pH 8–9, application rates of 20–30 t·ha⁻¹ , and high carbon-to-nitrogen ratios (C:N > 150). Biochar exhibited a weak overall inhibitory effect on R_s (LnRR = −0.048, p < 0.05), but this effect was reversed under high-temperature pyrolysis (> 550 °C) and high application rates (> 50 t·ha⁻¹). In contrast, irrigation under high water volumes (> 1000 mm) and methods such as flood and sprinkler irrigation significantly reduced MWD and GMD but markedly stimulated R_s (LnRR = 0.528–0.853, p < 0.01). Subgroup analysis revealed that climate, soil texture, soil depth, and experimental duration significantly modulated these responses, with subtropical climates, clay loam soils, and surface soils (0–20 cm) showing the most pronounced effects. Correlation analysis further indicated that aggregate stability under biochar treatment was positively correlated with initial soil organic carbon, total nitrogen, and bulk density, whereas R_s under irrigation was primarily driven by soil pH. This study demonstrates that biochar has clear potential for improving soil structural stability and promoting carbon sequestration, while irrigation management requires balancing aggregate structure maintenance with microbial activity stimulation, providing a theoretical basis for sustainable agricultural soil management.

施用生物炭通过促进团聚体稳定性和抑制微生物活性来改善土壤结构健康和减少碳释放，而灌溉管理通过水分调节对土壤团聚体和土壤呼吸（Rs）产生刺激或抑制作用。然而，两者都受到生物炭特性、施用量和灌溉制度等因素的影响，导致现有研究结果存在不确定性。基于52项相关研究数据，采用meta分析方法定量评价了生物炭和灌溉对土壤团聚体平均重径（MWD）、几何平均径（GMD）和Rs的影响。采用亚群分析、相关分析和多项式拟合等方法确定关键调控因子。结果表明，生物炭的施用显著提高了MWD和GMD，其中以木质/草本原料、中高温热解（450-550°C和>； 550°C）、pH 8-9、施用量20-30 t·ha⁻¹ 和高碳氮比（C:N >； 150）的效果最为显著。生物炭对Rs的总体抑制作用较弱（LnRR = - 0.048, p <； 0.05），但在高温热解（> 550°C）和高施毒量（> 50 t·ha⁻¹）下，这种抑制作用被逆转。相比之下，高水量灌溉（> 1000 mm）和洪水、喷灌等方式显著降低了MWD和GMD，但显著提高了Rs （LnRR = 0.528-0.853, p <； 0.01）。亚群分析表明，气候、土壤质地、土壤深度和试验时间显著调节了这些响应，其中亚热带气候、粘壤土和表层土壤（0-20 cm）的影响最为显著。相关分析进一步表明，生物炭处理下的团聚体稳定性与土壤初始有机碳、全氮和容重呈正相关，而灌溉处理下的Rs主要受土壤ph的驱动。研究表明，生物炭在改善土壤结构稳定性和促进固碳方面具有明显的潜力，而灌溉管理需要平衡维持团聚体结构和刺激微生物活性。为农业土壤可持续管理提供理论依据。

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引用次数: 0

Selection basis of forage sorghum production system: Assessment of the effects of cutting period and irrigation amount on productivity and resource efficiency 饲用高粱生产系统的选择依据：刈割期和灌水量对生产力和资源效率影响的评价

IF 6.5 1区农林科学 Q1 AGRONOMY

Agricultural Water Management

Pub Date : 2026-04-01 Epub Date: 2026-02-18 DOI: 10.1016/j.agwat.2026.110234

Chunyan Bai , Bo Sun , Fan Feng , Shayan Ma , Jian Lan , Jianqiang Deng , Le Mu

Cutting and irrigation are effective measures to improve crop production and resource utilization. However, further research is still needed to explore the synergistic effect of cutting period and irrigation amount on yield enhancement and efficient resource use to exploit sorghum’s regrowth potential in arid regions. A two-year field experiment (2024–2025), including three cutting periods (A1: 75 days after sowing; A2: 90 days after sowing; A3: 105 days after sowing) and three irrigation amounts (B1: 60 mm; B2: 90 mm; B3: 120 mm), with an additional non-cutting treatment under normal irrigation (90 mm)(CK) was conducted in the Northwestern of China. Results showed that adjusting cutting period and irrigation amount could optimize forage sorghum canopy development to enhance the productivity and resource utilization (P < 0.05). Early cutting (A1) minimized yield reduction (6–12 %) and achieved the highest RUE (up to 2.09 g MJ⁻¹), while mid-term cutting (A2) combined with increased irrigation (120 mm) produced the greatest water productivity of dry matter yield (WP_DM) (44.1 kg ha⁻¹ mm⁻¹) and balanced yield performance (12.9 t ha⁻¹). In contrast, late cutting (A3) consistently resulted in the lowest efficiency (WP_DM 28.5–28.8 kg ha⁻¹ mm⁻¹) particularly under increased irrigation. Surface fitting analysis further indicated that maximum DM was achieved under mid or late cutting with normal or increased irrigation, whereas the maximum WP_DM and RUE concentrating in early cutting with reduced irrigation. These findings highlight the trade-offs between yield stability and efficiency optimization, suggesting that early cutting is preferable for efficiency-oriented production, while mid-term cutting with increased irrigation optimizes both yield and resource use. This study provides scientific basis for tailoring cutting period and irrigation amount of forage sorghum, offering practical guidance for sustainable forage-livestock systems in the Northwest of China.

割灌是提高作物产量和资源利用率的有效措施。然而，在干旱地区，刈割期和灌水量对高粱增产和资源高效利用的协同效应仍需进一步研究，以充分挖掘高粱的再生潜力。在中国西北地区进行了为期2年（2024-2025）的田间试验，包括3个刈割期（A1：播后75天；A2：播后90天；A3：播后105天）和3个灌水量（B1: 60 mm; B2: 90 mm; B3: 120 mm），并在正常灌水量（90 mm）（CK）下进行了不刈割处理。结果表明，调整刈割期和灌水量可优化饲用高粱冠层发育，提高生产力和资源利用率（P <； 0.05）。早期切割（A1）最大限度地减少了产量（6-12 %）并获得了最高的RUE（高达2.09 kg MJ -⁻¹），而中期切割（A2）结合增加的灌溉（120 mm）产生了最大的干物质产量（WPDM）（44.1 kg ha -⁻¹）和平衡的产量表现（12.9 t ha -⁻¹）。相反，在增加灌溉的情况下，晚割（A3）总是导致最低的效率（WPDM 28.5-28.8 kg ha⁻¹mm）。表面拟合分析进一步表明，正常灌水或增加灌水的中后期刈割时DM值最大，而减少灌水的早期刈割时WPDM和RUE值最大。这些发现强调了产量稳定和效率优化之间的权衡，表明早期采伐有利于效率导向的生产，而中期采伐增加灌溉可以优化产量和资源利用。本研究为优化饲草高粱的刈割期和灌溉量提供了科学依据，为西北地区可持续饲草-畜牧系统建设提供了实践指导。

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引用次数: 0

Subsoiling increases soil carbon and wheat yields by altering the deep soil and the hydrolase to oxidase ratio under saline water irrigation 盐碱水灌溉下，深埋土壤通过改变深层土壤和水解酶与氧化酶的比例，提高土壤碳和小麦产量

IF 6.5 1区农林科学 Q1 AGRONOMY

Agricultural Water Management

Pub Date : 2026-04-01 Epub Date: 2026-02-16 DOI: 10.1016/j.agwat.2026.110220

Fengli Jiao , Zhiduo Dong , Jingxiang Hou , Jia Gao , Xinlong Li , Shaozhong Kang , Taisheng Du , Ling Tong , Jian Kang , Wanli Xu , Guangmu Tang , Risheng Ding

Carbon pool management index (CPMI), which combines carbon pool capacity and carbon activity, is crucial for understanding carbon flow in soil. It is essential to determine whether changes in soil carbon components due to saline irrigation diminish the CPMI, which could negatively impact soil stability. A study conducted over two winter wheat and two spring wheat seasons in the arid northwest region investigated how soil enzyme activity and carbon storage in both surface and deep soils respond to saline irrigation under rotary and subsoiling management. During the vegetative growth stage, subsoiling promoted tiller differentiation. In the reproductive growth stage, saline irrigation enhanced the tiller success rate but reduced the ratio of spikes to dry matter (DM). Specifically, in the 0–20 cm soil layer, subsoiling increased the levels of clay, silt, and SOC. This enhancement resulted in improved soil hydrolase and oxidase activity, raising CPMI for winter and spring wheat by 12.09 % and 8.00 %, respectively. Additionally, the ratio of spikes to DM improved by 13.90 % and 9.38 %, resulting in overall yield increases of 15.88 % and 15.77 %. Under saline irrigation, subsoiling for winter and spring wheat effectively utilized high-quality substrates in the 20–40 cm soil layer to construct a stable C pool. This was achieved by enhancing overall enzyme activity and the hydrolase to oxidase ratio, thereby attenuating the adverse effects of reduced labile organic carbon components caused by decreased clay and silt proportions from saline irrigation. These results support the use of subsoiling as a resilient tillage strategy under saline irrigation.

碳库管理指数（CPMI）综合了碳库容量和碳活性，是了解土壤碳流的重要指标。盐渍灌溉导致的土壤碳组分变化是否会降低CPMI，这可能会对土壤稳定性产生负面影响。通过对西北干旱地区2个冬小麦和2个春小麦季节的研究，研究了盐渍灌溉和深埋管理下表层和深层土壤酶活性和碳储量的变化。在营养生长阶段，深耕促进分蘖分化。在生殖生长阶段，盐水灌溉提高了分蘖成功率，但降低了穗干物质比。在0 ~ 20 cm土层，沉土增加了粘土、粉土和有机碳含量。土壤水解酶和氧化酶活性提高，冬小麦和春小麦CPMI分别提高12.09 %和8.00 %。此外，穗数与DM的比值分别提高了13.90 %和9.38 %，使总产量分别提高了15.88 %和15.77 %。盐碱化灌溉条件下，冬小麦和春小麦深埋能有效利用20 ~ 40 cm土层的优质基质，构建稳定的碳库。这是通过提高总酶活性和水解酶与氧化酶的比例来实现的，从而减弱了盐水灌溉导致粘土和淤泥比例降低而导致的活性有机碳成分减少的不利影响。这些结果支持在盐水灌溉下使用深埋作为弹性耕作策略。

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引用次数: 0

Effects of co-ridge planting on soil water distribution characteristics and interspecific reciprocal utilization in maize intercropping with peanut 玉米花生间作垄作对土壤水分分布特征及种间互用的影响

IF 6.5 1区农林科学 Q1 AGRONOMY

Agricultural Water Management

Pub Date : 2026-04-01 Epub Date: 2026-02-20 DOI: 10.1016/j.agwat.2026.110243

Yingchao Wang , Jiangtao Wang , Na Liang , Ling Liu , Guozhan Fu , Tangyuan Ning , Nianyuan Jiao

To investigate co-ridge planting (RIC) effects on soil water distribution characteristics and interspecific water reciprocal utilization (ΔΔSWS_CO-) in maize intercropped with peanuts (maize||peanut), a field experiment was conducted with root separation (eliminated belowground interspecific effects) and no separation (existing belowground interspecific interaction) conditions, using flat planting (FIC) as control. This study examined RIC effects on soil water distribution, soil water storage (SWS), ΔΔSWS_CO-, yield, and water use efficiency (WUE) in 0–100 cm soil layer. Soil water distribution under FIC showed “

” and “

” patterns in one planting unit (one row of maize and two of peanuts) under drought and flood conditions, respectively, while the RIC showed “

” and “

” patterns. Compared to FIC, the soil water content and SWS were higher and lower in the maize and peanut strips in the 0–60 cm soil layer under RIC, respectively. For RIC, under flood conditions, root separation reduced the soil water content and SWS in maize and peanut strips at 0–60 cm compared to those in the no root separation. During drought, this occurred in the maize strip at 0–40 cm, whereas both indices increased in the peanut strip at 0–60 cm. RIC increased the ΔΔSWS_CO- under both conditions with phosphorus (P₁₈₀) application compared to FIC. Maize and peanut yields, WUE, water equivalent ratio (WER), and land equivalent ratio (LER) were higher under RIC than FIC. Under RIC, maize and peanut yields, WUE, and WER were lower with root separation than those with no separation, suggesting that RIC benefits yield and WUE in maize||peanut systems. RIC creates alternating “wet-and-dry” soil ridge-furrow environments, facilitating soil water absorption and utilization by the maize strip and creating a suitable soil water environment for the peanut strip, thereby fulfilling the water needs of both crops and promoting ΔΔSWS_CO-.

为研究垄作（RIC）对花生间作玉米（玉米||花生）土壤水分分布特征和种间水分互惠利用（ΔΔSWSCO-）的影响，以平栽（FIC）为对照，在根分离（消除地下种间效应）和不分离（存在地下种间相互作用）条件下进行了田间试验。本研究考察了RIC对0 ~ 100 cm土层土壤水分分布、土壤储水量、ΔΔSWSCO-、产量和水分利用效率（WUE）的影响。在干旱和洪涝条件下，同一种植单元（一行玉米和两行花生）的土壤水分分布分别为“”和“”型，而普通种植单元的土壤水分分布则为“”和“”型。与对照相比，对照处理下0 ~ 60 cm土层玉米条和花生条土壤含水量和SWS分别高于对照和低于对照。对于RIC，在洪水条件下，根系分离降低了0 ~ 60 cm玉米和花生条土壤含水量和SWS。干旱期间，玉米条0 ~ 40 cm处出现上述现象，而花生条0 ~ 60 cm处这两项指标均有所增加。与FIC相比，RIC在两种条件下都增加了磷（P180）的ΔΔSWSCO-。玉米和花生产量、WUE、水分当量比（WER）和土地当量比（LER）均高于FIC。根系分离处理下，玉米和花生的产量、WUE和WER均低于未分离处理，说明根系分离有利于玉米||花生体系的产量和WUE。RIC创造了“干湿交替”的土壤垄沟环境，促进了玉米条对土壤水分的吸收和利用，为花生条创造了适宜的土壤水环境，从而满足了两种作物的水分需求，促进了ΔΔSWSCO-。

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引用次数: 0

Crop irrigation with treated wastewater in sustainable agriculture: Investigating farmer behavior 可持续农业中处理过的废水灌溉作物：调查农民行为

IF 6.5 1区农林科学 Q1 AGRONOMY

Agricultural Water Management

Pub Date : 2026-04-01 Epub Date: 2026-02-19 DOI: 10.1016/j.agwat.2026.110230

Yi-Jia Wang , Jifeng Pan , Qiang Fu , Naihui Wang , Mo Li , George Q. Huang

Crop irrigation with treated wastewater is recognized as a strategy to address water scarcity and promote sustainable practices in agriculture. Farmers, as fundamental components of agricultural systems, play a crucial role in the success of water resource management through their attitudes and behaviors. This study aimed to investigate farmers' adoption of crop irrigation with treated wastewater. We developed a theoretical model integrating subjective cognition with external influences to explore the factors affecting this willingness. Our findings revealed that farmers' green perceived usefulness, environmental policy, and subjective norm positively influenced their willingness to adopt this irrigation method. Production and environmental risks significantly deterred acceptance. The subjective norm was the most crucial factor in shaping farmers' decisions. Additionally, our multi-group analysis indicated significant variations in willingness based on age, education level, and household agricultural income, highlighting the need for targeted approaches in policy and extension services to address these differences effectively.

用处理过的废水灌溉作物被认为是解决水资源短缺和促进农业可持续做法的一项战略。农民作为农业系统的基本组成部分，通过其态度和行为在水资源管理的成功中发挥着至关重要的作用。本研究旨在调查农民采用废水灌溉作物的情况。我们建立了一个综合主观认知和外部影响的理论模型来探讨影响这种意愿的因素。研究发现，农户的绿色感知有用性、环境政策和主观规范正向影响农户采用这种灌溉方式的意愿。生产和环境风险严重阻碍了验收。主观规范是影响农民决策的最关键因素。此外，我们的多群体分析表明，不同年龄、教育水平和家庭农业收入的农户意愿存在显著差异，因此需要在政策和推广服务方面采取有针对性的方法来有效解决这些差异。

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引用次数: 0