Agricultural Water Management最新文献_第4页

Management of critical source areas (CSAs) in pasture grazed by deer to reduce contaminant losses to water 管理鹿群放牧牧场的关键源区，以减少污染物对水的损失

IF 6.5 1区农林科学 Q1 AGRONOMY

Agricultural Water Management

Pub Date : 2026-01-07 DOI: 10.1016/j.agwat.2025.110106

Richard W. Muirhead , Peter Green

Agriculture is important for producing food but can have environmental impacts on water quality. There is a need to develop mitigation strategies for pastoral farming systems to find a better balance between food production and environmental footprint. This study used a paired catchment experimental design to test the effectiveness of three mitigation strategies targeting the critical source areas (CSAs) that were ephemeral streams in deer grazed pastures. The runoff from four small catchments on the same hill slope (2.2–3.6 ha) was monitored for 2 years, under typical farm management. The mitigation options of: full fencing, partial fencing and temporary fencing was then applied to the CSA areas in three of the catchments. The fourth catchment was left unchanged as a control to account for different weather conditions in the pre- and post-treatment phases. Post-treatment monitoring was conducted for a further 2 years. The effectiveness of the mitigation options was calculated for both reducing contaminant concentrations (nitrogen, phosphorus, sediment and E. coli) under low-flow conditions and contaminant loads during storm events. The effectiveness of the three mitigation options for reducing low-flow concentrations ranged from not effective for filterable reactive phosphorus (FRP), total phosphorus (TP), and total suspended solids (TSS) to 83 % effective for reducing E. coli. The effectiveness of the three mitigation options for reducing storm-flow event loads ranged from not effective for FRP to 93 % effective for reducing E. coli. The CSA managements all mitigate multiple contaminants and hence will have multiple water quality benefits downstream.

农业对生产粮食很重要，但也会对水质产生环境影响。有必要为畜牧农业系统制定缓解战略，以便在粮食生产和环境足迹之间找到更好的平衡。本研究采用配对集水区实验设计来测试针对关键源区（csa）的三种缓解策略的有效性，这些关键源区是鹿放牧牧场的短暂溪流。在典型的农场管理下，对同一山坡（2.2-3.6 ha）的四个小集水区的径流进行了2年的监测。然后，在三个集水区的综合安全区内采用了全面围篱、部分围篱和临时围篱的缓解办法。第四个集水区保持不变，作为对照，以考虑处理前和处理后阶段的不同天气条件。治疗后随访2年。针对低流量条件下降低污染物浓度（氮、磷、沉积物和大肠杆菌）和风暴事件期间污染物负荷，计算了缓解方案的有效性。降低低流量浓度的三种缓解方案的有效性范围从对可过滤活性磷（FRP）、总磷（TP）和总悬浮固体（TSS）无效到对大肠杆菌的有效性为83% %不等。减少风暴流事件负荷的三种缓解方案的有效性范围从对FRP无效到对减少大肠杆菌有效的93% %不等。CSA管理都能减轻多种污染物，因此将对下游的水质产生多重好处。

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引用次数: 0

Coupled model for optimizing the water distribution and gate control of the canal system in an irrigation district 灌区渠系配水与闸门控制优化耦合模型

IF 6.5 1区农林科学 Q1 AGRONOMY

Agricultural Water Management

Pub Date : 2026-01-06 DOI: 10.1016/j.agwat.2025.110117

Yu Fan , Ke Zhou , Zhanyi Gao , Mingming Yang , Xinrong Zheng , Xufeng Zhang

Irrigation district canal systems deliver water to fields timely and adequately via check gates, with gate operation timings critical for service quality and operational efficiency. This study develops a coupled optimization model integrating a Linear-Quadratic Regulator (LQR) for precise canal water level control and a rotational irrigation grouping model to reduce energy consumption and equipment wear from frequent gate adjustments. The model was validated on a main canal section of a large-scale irrigation district in China, which was divided into three canal pools by four check gates. Three typical scheduling modes were implemented, namely top-down distribution, bottom-up distribution, and flexible distribution. Compared with the traditional Proportional-Integral (PI) control algorithm, the proposed method can significantly reduce both canal water level deviations and gate adjustment frequency. Taking Pool 2 as an example, the deviation reduction rate reaches 68 %-71 % during its key operational stages. Among the three scheduling modes, the flexible distribution mode achieves the shortest total operation duration of 244.85 h—compared with 259.8 h for the top-down distribution mode and 285.36 h for the bottom-up distribution mode—while simultaneously ensuring a higher water demand satisfaction rate. However, it may cause management inconvenience when canals with a long distance between upstream and downstream are grouped into the same rotation irrigation group. In contrast, the other two are easier to management but involve more frequent adjustments. This coupled model provides a novel technical approach for irrigation district water distribution and gate control, with important theoretical and practical value for improving water resource utilization efficiency and service quality.

灌溉区水渠系统通过闸门及时、充分地将水输送到农田，闸门的运行时间对服务质量和运行效率至关重要。本文建立了一种耦合优化模型，该模型集成了用于精确控制水渠水位的线性二次调节器（LQR）和旋转灌溉分组模型，以减少频繁调节闸门带来的能源消耗和设备磨损。该模型在中国某大型灌区主渠段进行了验证，该主渠段被四个闸门划分为三个渠池。实现了三种典型的调度模式：自顶向下调度、自底向上调度和灵活调度。与传统的比例积分（PI）控制算法相比，该方法可以显著降低运河水位偏差和闸门调节频率。以2号池为例，在其关键运行阶段，纠偏率达到68 % ~ 71 %。在三种调度模式中，灵活调度模式的总运行时间最短，为244.85 h，而自上而下调度模式为259.8 h，自下而上调度模式为285.36 h，同时保证了更高的需水满意率。但是，当上下游距离较长的水渠归为同一轮灌区时，可能会造成管理上的不便。相比之下，其他两个更容易管理，但涉及更频繁的调整。该耦合模型为灌区配水和闸门控制提供了一种新的技术途径，对提高水资源利用效率和服务质量具有重要的理论和实用价值。

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引用次数: 0

Modelling perennial saffron growth and yield under different irrigation water salinities, irrigation water levels and planting methods 模拟了不同灌溉水盐度、灌溉水位和种植方式下多年生藏红花的生长和产量

IF 6.5 1区农林科学 Q1 AGRONOMY

Agricultural Water Management

Pub Date : 2026-01-06 DOI: 10.1016/j.agwat.2025.110097

Maryam Dastranj , Ali Reza Sepaskhah

Decision-making on efficient field management for crop production requires modeling crop growth and yield, especially in relation to varying climate issues. In this regard, the SYEM model was developed and modified for saffron. The data used in this research were obtained from Dastranj and Sepaskhah (2019). In the current study, the ability of the modified SYEM model to simulate soil water and salt transport, saffron growth and its yield components under different irrigation water salinities [0.45 (well water, S₁), 1.0 (S₂), 2.0 (S₃), 3.0 (S₄) dS m⁻¹], irrigation water levels [100 % (I₁). 75 % (I₂) and 50 % (I₃) of saffron water requirement (WR)] and planting methods [basin (P₁) and in-furrow (P₂) planting] was investigated. According to the NRMSE and d indices, the modified SYEM model simulated ET, E, and T with good accuracy (NRMSE ranging from 10 % to 20 %). Also, the values of NRMSE and d (index of agreement) for predicting dry matter, saffron yield, and corm yield varied between 10 % and 20 % and 0.85 and 0.95, which indicated a good ability of the model in simulating these parameters in both calibration and validation steps. The model's ability to simulate LAI during the growing season was good in the calibration step; however, it was fairly acceptable in the validation step. Also, the model was not able to predict the day on which the maximum LAI occurred. Soil water salinity and soil water content were also simulated by modified SYEM with an acceptable accuracy (NRMSE from 20 % to 30 %) in both calibration and validation steps. The model overestimated the soil water salinity, especially in the in-furrow planting. Finally, it is concluded that the modified SYEM model is a simple and user-friendly tool for predicting saffron yield, thereby facilitating better field management.

对作物生产进行有效田间管理的决策需要对作物生长和产量进行建模，特别是与变化的气候问题有关。为此，建立并改进了藏红花的sym模型。本研究使用的数据来自Dastranj和Sepaskhah（2019）。在本研究中，改进的sym模型在不同灌溉水盐度[0.45（井水，S1）， 1.0 (S2), 2.0 (S3), 3.0 (S4) dS m−1]，灌溉水位[100 % (I1)]下模拟土壤水盐运移、藏红花生长及其产量组成的能力。研究了75% % （I2）和50% % （I3）的藏红花需水量[WR]和种植方法[盆（P1）和沟（P2）种植]。根据NRMSE和d指标，改进的sym模型对ET、E和T的模拟精度较好（NRMSE范围为10 % ~ 20 %）。预测干物质、藏红花产量和玉米产量的NRMSE和d（一致性指数）值分别在10 % ~ 20 %和0.85 ~ 0.95之间变化，表明该模型在校准和验证步骤中具有较好的模拟这些参数的能力。在定标阶段，模型对生长季LAI的模拟能力较好；然而，这在验证步骤中是可以接受的。此外，该模型无法预测最大LAI发生的日期。在校准和验证步骤中，改进的系统也以可接受的精度（NRMSE从20 %到30 %）模拟了土壤水盐度和土壤含水量。该模型过高估计了土壤水分盐度，特别是在犁沟种植中。最后得出结论，改进的sym模型是一个简单易用的预测藏红花产量的工具，从而有助于更好地进行田间管理。

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引用次数: 0

Atmospheric dryness and flash drought severity drive the shifts of different flash drought types into agricultural droughts 大气干燥和突发性干旱严重程度驱动不同类型突发性干旱向农业干旱的转变

IF 6.5 1区农林科学 Q1 AGRONOMY

Agricultural Water Management

Pub Date : 2026-01-06 DOI: 10.1016/j.agwat.2025.110109

Chen Hu , Dunxian She , Liping Zhang , Gangsheng Wang , Zhaoxia Jing , Si Hong , Jun Xia

Flash droughts, characterized by their rapid onset and intensification, can evolve into long-term agricultural droughts, thereby amplifying adverse impacts on water resources, agriculture, and ecosystems. However, the propagation from short-term flash droughts to long-term agricultural droughts remains limited understood, particularly across different flash drought types. Here we developed an integrated framework that combined convergent cross mapping (CCM), the random forest model, and the copula-based Bayesian approach to investigate the propagation pathways and underlying mechanisms. We applied this framework to analyze the propagation of meteorological, soil, and evaporative flash droughts into agricultural droughts in the Middle and Lower Reaches of the Yangtze River Basin (MLRYRB) from 2000 to 2022. Our results revealed strong causal relationships between flash droughts and agricultural droughts, with an average propagation time of 36.8–48.8 days. Meteorological flash droughts showed the shortest propagation time, while evaporative flash droughts exhibited the longest. Soil flash droughts demonstrated the highest propagation frequency, rate, and sensitivity to agricultural droughts, while evaporative flash droughts showed the lowest translation rates to agricultural droughts. We further found that flash drought severity strongly influenced the propagation of all flash drought types, particularly soil flash droughts, with a threshold value of 11.2 ± 2.3. Additionally, precipitation and vapor pressure deficit (VPD) emerged as the most critical factor for meteorological and evaporative flash drought propagation, with threshold values of 14.3 ± 7.6 mm and 7.8 ± 2.3 hPa, respectively. These findings can advance our understanding of flash drought dynamics and mechanisms, offering important insights for effective drought mitigation.

突发性干旱的特点是发生和加剧迅速，可能演变为长期农业干旱，从而扩大对水资源、农业和生态系统的不利影响。然而，从短期突发性干旱到长期农业干旱的传播仍然有限，特别是在不同的突发性干旱类型之间。在这里，我们开发了一个集成框架，结合了收敛交叉映射（CCM）、随机森林模型和基于copuls的贝叶斯方法来研究传播途径和潜在机制。应用该框架分析了2000 - 2022年长江中下游地区气象、土壤和蒸发型突发性干旱对农业干旱的影响。结果表明，突发性干旱与农业干旱之间存在较强的因果关系，平均繁殖时间为36.8 ~ 48.8 d。气象闪旱的传播时间最短，蒸发闪旱的传播时间最长。土壤突发性干旱对农业干旱的传播频率、速率和敏感性最高，而蒸发突发性干旱对农业干旱的转化率最低。我们进一步发现，突发性干旱严重程度强烈影响所有突发性干旱类型的传播，特别是土壤突发性干旱，阈值为11.2 ± 2.3。此外，降水和水汽压差（VPD）是气象和蒸发型骤发干旱传播的最关键因子，其阈值分别为14.3 ± 7.6 mm和7.8 ± 2.3 hPa。这些发现可以促进我们对突发性干旱动力学和机制的理解，为有效缓解干旱提供重要见解。

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引用次数: 0

Impact of climate change on agricultural production efficiency in leading agriculture-producing economies: A DEA Malmquist Productivity Index 气候变化对主要农业生产经济体农业生产效率的影响：一个DEA Malmquist生产力指数

IF 6.5 1区农林科学 Q1 AGRONOMY

Agricultural Water Management

Pub Date : 2026-01-06 DOI: 10.1016/j.agwat.2025.110114

Junid Ahmad , Yunchen Wang , Liguang Zhang , Wasi Ul Hassan Shah , Rizwana Yasmeen , Heshan Sameera Kankanam Pathiranage

Climate change significantly impacts global agricultural productivity, making it essential to examine its precise influence on production efficiency. This study evaluates the impact of climate change on agricultural production efficiency among the global leading agriculture-producing economies from 1990 to 2021. Using a DEA–Malmquist Productivity Index, the study estimates total factor productivity change (TFPC) and decomposes it into efficiency change (EC) and technological change (TC), both without and with explicit climate variables (temperature, precipitation). Average TFPC without climate factors is 1.0428, indicating 4.28 % productivity growth over the period, primarily driven by technological change. When climate variables are incorporated, the average TFPC is 1.0409; the mean difference of −0.0019 (≈ −0.18 %) shows a small but non-negligible climate impact on productivity growth. Regional variations are heterogeneous: South America and Africa exhibit diverse climate impacts, while Oceania shows the least climate effect. Mann-Whitney U and Kruskal-Wallis tests confirm significant differences in TFPC (and components) between climate and non-climate specifications and across regions. The findings underscore technology's key role in sustaining productivity under climate stress and highlight the need for region-specific adaptation policies to complement technological diffusion.

气候变化对全球农业生产力产生重大影响，因此必须研究其对生产效率的确切影响。本研究评估了1990 - 2021年气候变化对全球主要农业生产经济体农业生产效率的影响。利用DEA-Malmquist生产率指数，该研究估算了全要素生产率变化（TFPC），并将其分解为效率变化（EC）和技术变化（TC），无论有无明确的气候变量（温度、降水）。不考虑气候因素的平均TFPC为1.0428，表明该时期生产率增长4.28 %，主要由技术变革驱动。考虑气候变量后，平均TFPC为1.0409；平均差值为- 0.0019(≈- 0.18 %)，表明气候对生产率增长的影响很小，但不可忽略。区域差异具有异质性：南美洲和非洲表现出多样化的气候影响，而大洋洲表现出最小的气候影响。Mann-Whitney U和Kruskal-Wallis测试证实，在气候和非气候规格之间以及跨地区之间，TFPC（及其组成部分）存在显著差异。这些发现强调了技术在气候压力下维持生产力方面的关键作用，并强调需要制定针对特定区域的适应政策，以补充技术扩散。

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引用次数: 0

Spatiotemporal dynamics of soil moisture in edge zones along deep-cut channels of rainfed agricultural plateaus 雨养农业高原深切沟渠边缘地带土壤水分时空动态

IF 6.5 1区农林科学 Q1 AGRONOMY

Agricultural Water Management

Pub Date : 2026-01-06 DOI: 10.1016/j.agwat.2025.110105

Songbai Wu , Li Chen , Ninglian Wang , Na Wei , Sheng Hu , Haoyue Liu , Tal Svoray , Shmuel Assouline

Edge zones along deep-cut channels in rainfed plateaus are crucial farmlands but suffer persistent soil moisture (SM) reduction that constrain crop productivity. To quantify these dynamics, hourly SM at 10, 40, and 70 cm depths was monitored at three sites (at 3.5, 7, and 11.5 m from the channel edge) during the 2023–2024 apple growing season in the Weibei rainfed Plateau. Results show 8–27 % lower SM in edge zones than inner zones, especially at 40 and 70 cm soil depths, with the strongest impacts during fruit growth stage. Deficits intensified near channel margins due to root uptake by sidewall trees, which consumed 25–43 % of rainfall in growing season. Only heavy rainstorms penetrated deep enough to fully replenish root-zone water, while smaller events provided short-lived relief. The difference in soil water storage (DSWS) between inner and edge zones increased with cumulative reference evapotranspiration and initial DSWS, but declined with greater rainfall depth. In dry years, edge-zone apple trees faced intensified competition from sidewall vegetation, capturing proportionally less rainfall than inner-zone trees. These findings highlight vegetation–rainfall interactions as dominant controls of edge-zone water stress and underscore the need for management strategies that integrate vegetation regulation with rainstorm-mimicking irrigation to sustain orchard productivity in rainfed plateaus.

在雨养高原上，沿着深沟渠的边缘地带是至关重要的农田，但持续的土壤水分减少限制了作物的生产力。为了量化这些动态，我们在2023-2024年渭北旱塬苹果生长期的3个地点（距离河道边缘3.5、7和11.5 m）监测了10、40和70 cm深度的每小时SM。结果表明：土壤边缘区SM值比土壤内部区低8 ~ 27 %，特别是在土壤深度40和70 cm处，对果实生长的影响最大；由于侧壁树的根系吸收，在生长季节消耗了25 - 43% %的降雨，在通道边缘处亏缺加剧。只有暴雨渗透到足够深的地方才能充分补充根区水分，而较小的事件则提供了短暂的缓解。土壤储水量差异随累积参考蒸散量和初始土壤储水量的增加而增大，随降雨深度的增加而减小。在干旱年份，边缘地带的苹果树面临着来自侧壁植被的激烈竞争，其捕获的降雨量比例低于区内树木。这些发现强调了植被-降雨相互作用是边缘区水分胁迫的主要控制因素，并强调了将植被调节与模拟暴雨灌溉相结合的管理策略的必要性，以维持雨养高原果园的生产力。

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引用次数: 0

Linking the energy-emissions-water-food security nexus to the economic return of wheat production in Iran: A nutritional LCA approach 将能源排放-水-粮食安全关系与伊朗小麦生产的经济回报联系起来：一种营养的LCA方法

IF 6.5 1区农林科学 Q1 AGRONOMY

Agricultural Water Management

Pub Date : 2026-01-06 DOI: 10.1016/j.agwat.2025.110100

Fatemeh Nadi , Julio Abad-González , David Pérez-Neira

Wheat is a strategic crop of global importance, with a primary function of supplying calories and protein to meet human nutritional needs. In this regard, it is crucial to study the sustainability and the economic viability of this crop in order to improve food security. The central objective of this study is to examine the nexus between water, energy, emissions, food security and economic performance in wheat production (irrigated versus rainfed) in Iran. To this end, data from 96 farms in Gonbad-e Kavus (Golestan Province), collected via structured questionnaires and face-to-face interviews, were analyzed using a nutritional Life Cycle Assessment approach. An innovative set of eco-efficiency indicators was also applied to assess the energy–emissions–water–food security (EEWFs) nexus, explicitly integrating the economic and nutritional dimensions of wheat production. The analysis revealed substantial trade-offs among the various dimensions examined. Irrigated wheat was more profitable (24 % higher net margin per hectare) with a 21 % higher yield (4990 vs. 4109 kg/ha). However, this system increased non-renewable energy consumption by 55 % and tripled the water footprint (0.88 vs 0.29 m³/kg) (though it did not significantly raise the carbon footprint). Conversely, rainfed wheat showed higher resource efficiency, producing a threefold higher net margin per m³ of water used. By combining nutritional value with environmental productivity criteria, this study provides new insights and offers practical implications for technical, political, and economic planning in sustainable wheat production.

小麦是一种具有全球重要性的战略作物，其主要功能是提供卡路里和蛋白质，以满足人类的营养需求。在这方面，至关重要的是研究这种作物的可持续性和经济可行性，以改善粮食安全。本研究的中心目标是研究伊朗小麦生产（灌溉与雨养）中水、能源、排放、粮食安全和经济绩效之间的关系。为此，通过结构化问卷调查和面对面访谈收集了Gonbad-e Kavus （Golestan省）96个农场的数据，并采用营养生命周期评估方法进行了分析。还应用了一套创新的生态效率指标来评估能源-排放-水-粮食安全（EEWFs）关系，明确地将小麦生产的经济和营养方面结合起来。分析揭示了所检查的各个维度之间的重大权衡。灌溉小麦的利润更高（每公顷净利润率高出24 %），产量高出21 %（4990对4109 公斤/公顷）。然而，该系统增加了55% %的不可再生能源消耗，并使水足迹增加了三倍（0.88 vs 0.29 m3/kg）（尽管它没有显著增加碳足迹）。相反，雨养小麦显示出更高的资源效率，每立方米用水的净边际高出三倍。通过将营养价值与环境生产力标准相结合，本研究提供了新的见解，并为可持续小麦生产的技术、政治和经济规划提供了实际意义。

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引用次数: 0

Optimal water supply and irrigation indicators for winter wheat in the main producing regions of China: Insights from the WMAIP integrated model 中国主产区冬小麦最优供水灌溉指标研究——基于WMAIP综合模型的启示

IF 6.5 1区农林科学 Q1 AGRONOMY

Agricultural Water Management

Pub Date : 2026-01-06 DOI: 10.1016/j.agwat.2025.110061

Xianguan Chen , Huiqing Bai , Mengqi Fu , Wenran Yu , Yabo Sun , Xueqing Ma , Liping Feng

The significant spatial variability of precipitation in China's main producing regions of winter wheat is a major factor determining irrigation water supply. Previous research on determining optimal irrigation for winter wheat in the main producing regions of China (MPC) based on crop models has primarily relied on single-model approaches, with limited discussion on growth-stage-specific water supply and inherent model uncertainties. This study systematically evaluated region-specific irrigation indicators for winter wheat under different precipitation patterns across the MPC sub-regions by establishing a Wheat Model Algorithm Integration Platform (WMAIP) and employing a composite indicator that integrates high stability coefficients for yield and water productivity (WP). Irrigation significantly enhanced winter wheat yields throughout the MPC. The highest improvements were observed in the northern region under dry conditions, where yields increased by up to 90 %, compared to less than 20 % in the south. During dry years, the highest WP values under irrigation were achieved in the northern and central regions, ranging from 1.56 to 1.85 kg·m⁻³ . In contrast, rainfed conditions in the southern region resulted in the highest WP across the MPC, reaching 1.88–2.06 kg·m⁻³ . By integrating a high-yield stability coefficient (Y-HSC) and a high-WP stability coefficient (WP-HSC), the optimal total water supply was determined to be 237–416 mm (mean 319 mm), 231–393 mm (mean 309 mm), and 214–388 mm (mean 299 mm) for dry, normal, and wet years, respectively. The corresponding irrigation indicators ranged from 6 to 335 mm (mean 191 mm), 0 to 257 mm (mean 126 mm), and 0 to 176 mm (mean 57 mm) for dry, normal, and wet years, respectively. Moreover, the optimal water supply was strongly correlated (R² = 0.96) with the gap between potential evapotranspiration and available soil water, underscoring its value as a predictive indicator for water management. These findings underscore the critical importance of developing differentiated irrigation strategies tailored to regional and precipitation-specific conditions.

中国冬小麦主产区降水具有显著的空间变异性，是决定灌溉水量的主要因素。以往基于作物模型确定中国主产区冬小麦最佳灌溉的研究主要依赖于单一模型方法，对生长期特定供水量和固有模型不确定性的讨论有限。本研究通过建立小麦模型算法集成平台（WMAIP），采用综合高产和水分生产力（WP）高稳定系数的复合指标，系统评价了MPC各子区域不同降水模式下冬小麦的区域灌溉指标。灌溉显著提高了整个MPC地区的冬小麦产量。在干旱条件下，北方地区的增产幅度最大，产量增加了90% %，而南方地区的增产幅度不到20% %。在干旱年份，灌溉下的最高WP值出现在北部和中部地区，范围从1.56到1.85 kg·m⁻³ 。相比之下，南部地区的多雨条件导致整个MPC的WP最高，达到1.88-2.06 kg·m⁻³ 。通过综合高产稳定系数（Y-HSC）和高wp稳定系数（WP-HSC），确定了干旱年、正常年和丰水年的最佳总供水量分别为237-416 mm（平均319 mm）、231-393 mm（平均309 mm）和214-388 mm（平均299 mm）。干旱年、正常年和丰水年相应的灌溉指标分别为6 ~ 335 mm（平均191 mm）、0 ~ 257 mm（平均126 mm）和0 ~ 176 mm（平均57 mm）。此外，最优供水量与潜在蒸散量与土壤有效水分之间的差呈强相关（R²= 0.96），强调了其作为水管理预测指标的价值。这些发现强调了根据区域和降水具体情况制定差异化灌溉战略的重要性。

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引用次数: 0

Impact of strip subdivision on water conservation in border irrigation for irregularly shaped fields 条形划分对不规则农田畦灌保水的影响

IF 6.5 1区农林科学 Q1 AGRONOMY

Agricultural Water Management

Pub Date : 2026-01-06 DOI: 10.1016/j.agwat.2025.110101

Fabiola Gangi , Carmelina Costanzo , Margherita Lombardo , Pierfranco Costabile , Cosimo Peruzzi , Claudio Gandolfi , Daniele Masseroni

Border irrigation remains the most widely adopted surface irrigation method for row crops globally and is also extensively used in the Padana Plain (Italy), particularly for forage crops. In the Lombardy region, observations indicate that irrigation volumes can reach up to 3000 m³ /ha per event, often leading to excessive and inefficient water use. Given the ongoing decline in surface water availability, such practices are considered unsustainable in the long term. However, it is also unfeasible to replace them with more hard-path irrigation systems everywhere. In this context, a more realistic approach is to focus on optimizing irrigation scheduling and field layout, which can significantly reduce water consumption in gravity-fed surface irrigation. This study explores the water-saving potential of geometric reconfiguration in a 1.9-hectare, irregularly shaped, closed-end field in the Padana Plain, which is traditionally irrigated with an average volume of 2600 m³ /ha per irrigation event. High-resolution topographic data and the two-dimensional hydrodynamic model IrriSurf2D were used to simulate various land preparation scenarios, including strip subdivision and irrigation timing adjustments. Field implementation of the strip layout alone led to a 34 % reduction in water use, while model-based optimization of the irrigation durations suggested the potential for a total savings of up to 42 %. These findings demonstrate that precision surface irrigation strategies can significantly enhance the sustainability of border irrigation, even in complex field geometries, without abandoning traditional practices.

边界灌溉仍然是全球行作物最广泛采用的地表灌溉方法，在帕达纳平原（意大利）也广泛使用，特别是用于饲料作物。在伦巴第地区，观测表明，每次事件的灌溉量可高达3000 m³ /公顷，这往往导致过度和低效的用水。鉴于可用地表水不断减少，这种做法被认为是长期不可持续的。然而，在所有地方用更硬的灌溉系统来取代它们也是不可行的。在此背景下，更现实的方法是重点优化灌溉调度和农田布局，这可以显著降低重力灌溉的用水量。本研究探讨了巴达纳平原一个1.9公顷、形状不规则、封闭的农田几何重构的节水潜力，该地区传统灌溉的平均水量为2600 m³ /ha。利用高分辨率地形数据和二维水动力模型IrriSurf2D模拟各种土地准备场景，包括带状细分和灌溉时间调整。仅现场实施条形布局就可以减少34% %的用水量，而基于模型的灌溉持续时间优化表明，总节省的潜力高达42% %。这些发现表明，在不放弃传统做法的情况下，精确地表灌溉策略可以显著提高边界灌溉的可持续性，即使在复杂的农田几何形状中也是如此。

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引用次数: 0

Water quality of artificial canals used for agricultural purposes affected by urban and agricultural activities through a chemical and microbial perspective 从化学和微生物的角度分析城市和农业活动对农业人工运河水质的影响

IF 6.5 1区农林科学 Q1 AGRONOMY

Agricultural Water Management

Pub Date : 2026-01-06 DOI: 10.1016/j.agwat.2025.110116

Francesca Gaggia, Mauro De Feudis, Elia Pagliarini, William Trenti, Diana Di Gioia, Livia Vittori Antisari

Water from artificial canals in reclaimed floodplains is primarily used for crop irrigation; however, its quality is often compromised by chemical and microbial hazards, which may pose a threat to crop safety and quality. The main objectives of the present work were a) to analyse the chemical and microbial properties of water in a network of artificial canals; b) to identify the relationships among such parameters; and c) to detect spatial shifts in water quality (upstream and downstream) along some key canals. The canals were grouped into four sectors based on water origin: Sector A (urban), Sector B (wastewater treatment plants), Sector C (rural), and the Canale Emiliano Romagnolo (CER, Po River). The three years data showed a concentration decrease of most of the chemical targets, with the following order, sector B > sector A > sector C > CER. For microbial parameters, Sectors A and B exhibited higher biological pollution than Sector C and CER. Results were generally under the Italian legislation limits for water reuse. The multiple linear regression models revealed a generally positive correlation between microbial populations and sectors influenced by urban activities (Sectors A and B), while the relationships between microbial populations and chemical properties were less clear. Sodium adsorption ratio was the main parameter distinguishing canals in Sector B, whereas canals in sector A were characterized by overall higher P–PO₄ and N–NO₃ concentrations compared to sector C and CER. Upstream-downstream comparison generally indicated either stable or improved water quality, with the exception of a canal affected by the intrusion of poor-quality water. Overall, this study demonstrates that wastewater likely plays a dominant role in shaping water quality within artificial floodplain canals, highlighting the pronounced vulnerability of these canals to point-source pollution.

填海洪泛平原的人工水渠的水主要用于作物灌溉；然而，其质量往往受到化学和微生物危害的影响，这可能对作物安全和质量构成威胁。目前工作的主要目标是a)分析人工运河网络中水的化学和微生物特性；B)确定这些参数之间的关系；c)检测一些主要渠道（上游和下游）水质的空间变化。运河根据水源分为四个部分：A区（城市），B区（污水处理厂），C区（农村）和Canale Emiliano Romagnolo （CER，波河）。三年数据显示，大部分化学靶点浓度下降，顺序为：B >； a >； C >； CER。在微生物参数方面，A区和B区生物污染程度高于C区和CER。结果一般符合意大利立法对水再利用的限制。多元线性回归模型显示，微生物种群与受城市活动影响的部门（部门a和部门B）之间普遍呈正相关，而微生物种群与化学性质之间的关系不太清楚。钠吸附比是区分B区管道的主要参数，而A区管道的P-PO₄和N-NO₃浓度总体上高于C区和CER区。上下游比较一般表明水质稳定或改善，但受劣质水入侵影响的运河除外。总体而言，本研究表明，废水可能在人工洪泛平原沟渠内的水质形成中起主导作用，突出了这些沟渠对点源污染的明显脆弱性。

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引用次数: 0