Agricultural Water Management最新文献

{"title":"Straw incorporation: A more effective coastal saline land reclamation approach to boost sunflower yield than straw mulching or burial","authors":"Jingsong Li ,&nbsp;Jing Li ,&nbsp;Xiaohui Feng ,&nbsp;Kai Guo ,&nbsp;Xiaojing Liu ,&nbsp;Fengcui Fan ,&nbsp;Shengyao Liu ,&nbsp;Songnan Jia","doi":"10.1016/j.agwat.2024.109140","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.agwat.2024.109140","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In coastal lands, soil salinity greatly impedes crops growth and severely affects the agricultural productivity. Returning the crop straw and residual to soil was considered an important land reclamation method; however, the approach of straw return varied, including mulching (SM), burial (SB), and incorporation (SI). This study aimed to determine which approach was most effective to ameliorate coastal saline land and boost crop yield. Field experiments were conducted under different straw amelioration treatments on dry farming sunflowers (Helianthus annuus Linn.) in Bohai coastal land of Northern China. The results indicated that SM and SB changed the soil salt profile and significantly reduced the topsoil (0–0.2 m) salt content mainly by their direct effects on soil water transport, with little impacts on soil structure changes. Differently, SI significantly increased 21.8 % soil organic carbon and 52.3 % soil mean weight diameter in straw incorporated layer. The improvement on soil aggregates and porosity reduced 24.1–38.9 % of topsoil salt content, by limiting soil salt accumulation and promoting salt leaching. Furthermore, SI significantly boosted the sunflower fine root (d&lt; 1.0 mm) growth and resulted in the highest sunflower yield (4.7 t/ha in 2020 and 4.6 t/ha in 2021) among those straw treatments. Compared to SM and SB, the net revenues of two-years sunflower cultivation under SI were improved by 40.68 % and 31.22 %, respectively. Therefore, it concluded that straw incorporation was more effective to reclaim coastal saline soil than straw mulching or burial. In addition, a back propagation artificial neural network model was developed to predict the dynamic of sunflower yield. This outcome provides an insight into the management of coastal farmland by establishing an easily desalinized and fertile topsoil profile structure.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7634,"journal":{"name":"Agricultural Water Management","volume":"305 ","pages":"Article 109140"},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2024-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142561496","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The productivity anomalies and economic losses of different grassland ecosystems caused by flash drought","authors":"Xiaoxu Liu ,&nbsp;Xiaomin Liu ,&nbsp;Yaotian Yang ,&nbsp;Miao Yu ,&nbsp;Hailong Tian","doi":"10.1016/j.agwat.2024.109139","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.agwat.2024.109139","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Flash drought has attracted worldwide attention in recent years because of its destructive effects on ecosystems. However, the research on ecosystem loss caused by flash drought is insufficient. In this study, a basis for further understanding of the impact of flash drought on grassland was developed, and a method was established for quantitatively assessing productivity and economic losses in various types of grassland impacted by different levels of flash drought. The results showed that grassland productivity anomalies, productivity loss, and economic loss caused by flash drought vary with grassland type, flash drought type, and flash drought stage. During flash drought, the average NPP loss rate (NPP_LR) is &gt;60 %; and the minimum daily economic loss is &gt;1200×10⁶ yuan. In the early stage of mild drought, flash drought can cause the NPP_LR to exceed 50 %, and the NPP_LR increases significantly with increasing flash drought intensity. Flash drought-induced losses occur primarily in summer. The productivity anomalies, productivity loss and economic loss are greatest in meadow grassland, with the lowest values in desert grassland. Meadow grassland productivity suffers severe losses in almost all flash drought stages. The main stages causing flash drought-induced losses are mild drought in typical grassland and severe and extreme drought in desert grassland. The productivity and economic losses caused by strong evapotranspiration flash drought (SEFD) are greater than those caused by heat wave flash drought (HWFD), and SEFD is more likely to cause productivity loss. The flash drought-induced direct economic loss in grassland is higher than the indirect economic loss and the investment premium loss. In addition to agriculture and animal husbandry, flash drought has the greatest impact on the chemical products industry. The flash drought-induced losses of grassland ecosystems will continue to increase in the future.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7634,"journal":{"name":"Agricultural Water Management","volume":"305 ","pages":"Article 109139"},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2024-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142561497","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Measurement and modelling of Moringa transpiration for improved irrigation management","authors":"Ambroise Ndayakunze ,&nbsp;Joachim Martin Steyn ,&nbsp;Christian Phillipus du Plooy ,&nbsp;Nadia Alcina Araya","doi":"10.1016/j.agwat.2024.109127","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.agwat.2024.109127","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>A greater understanding of Moringa (<em>Moringa oleifera</em> Lam.) transpiration (T) can assist in the development of accurate irrigation management tools. This study aimed at quantifying Moringa T by measuring and modelling the sap flow (SF) of intact stems using an improved heat balance technique. The study was conducted during two consecutive seasons (2021–2022 (Season 1) and 2022–2023 (Season 2)) at the Roodeplaat Experimental Farm of the Agricultural Research Council in South Africa. EXO-Skin sap flow sensors were used. Transpiration-related drivers such as weather and plant physiological parameters were measured simultaneously. The measured SF data in Seasons 1 and 2 were used to respectively parameterize and validate a canopy conductance T model. There was a positive correlation between the measured SF and its drivers, evidenced through coefficients of determination (R²) of 0.82, 0.99 and 0.92 for the relationships between SF and short-grass reference evapotranspiration (ET_o), stem area and stomatal conductance, respectively. The measured and simulated SF varied from 0.82–1.29 and 0.71–1.19 mm tree⁻¹ day⁻¹ (model parameterization), as well as from 0.77–3.54 and 1.10–3.10 mm tree⁻¹ day⁻¹ (model validation). Despite the slight discrepancies between measured and predicted SF values during model performance evaluation, an acceptable agreement was achieved through root mean square errors (RMSEs) of 0.32 and 0.37 mm day⁻¹ and model efficiencies (Efs) of 0.93 and 0.88, for model parameterization and validation, respectively. The current study showed that the canopy conductance T model has the potential to accurately predict Moringa T and contribute to optimizing irrigation water management.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7634,"journal":{"name":"Agricultural Water Management","volume":"305 ","pages":"Article 109127"},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2024-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142554998","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Causal inference of root zone soil moisture performance in drought","authors":"Shouye Xue,&nbsp;Guocan Wu","doi":"10.1016/j.agwat.2024.109123","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.agwat.2024.109123","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Soil moisture plays a crucial role in surface hydrological processes and land–atmosphere interactions. It can influence vegetation growth directly, serving as a significant indicator for monitoring agricultural drought. However, spatially continuous datasets of root zone soil moisture rely on model simulations, introducing numerous uncertainties associated with model parameters and input data. Currently, multiple soil moisture products derived from model simulations exist, but their representation at spatial scales remains unclear. Moreover, their abilities to express soil–atmosphere and soil–vegetation interactions within land–atmosphere coupling are not understood, leading to divergent inclinations toward drought. This study investigates the performance of five soil moisture products, European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts Reanalysis v5-Land (ERA5-Land), Global Land Data Assimilation System (GLDAS), Global Land Evaporation Amsterdam Model (GLEAM), The Modern-Era Retrospective analysis for Research and Applications, Version 2 (MERRA-2), and SoMo.ml, under drought conditions. The bias, correlation, and difference of standard deviation (STDD) were calculated between these products and the observations from International Soil Moisture Network stations. The causal probability of soil, meteorological, and agricultural drought was calculated using the causal-effect Peter and Clark (PC) Momentary Conditional Independence (MCI) method to evaluate the data propensity of these products. ERA5-Land and SoMo.ml gave a similar performance with the highest accuracy, which was attributed to the use of the same meteorological forcing data. The biases of soil moisture from these two products at surface, middle and deep depths against station observations are below 0.1 m³/m³, and the STDD is within 0.05 m³/m³. The accuracy of GLDAS is comparatively lower, characterized by lower correlations (below 0.2 for deeper layers) and high bias (above 0.15 and 0.2 for middle and deep layers, respectively). This discrepancy could be attributed to substantial biases in the precipitation forcing data. ERA5-Land shows higher spatial resolution and greater spatial heterogeneity, whereas MERRA-2 underperformed in this area. MERRA-2 had the strongest connection to agricultural drought, with a propensity probability of 0.477. Conversely, SoMo.ml demonstrates the strongest connection to meteorological drought, with a propensity probability of 0.234. Due to the errors in simulated and observational data during the MERRA data assimilation, substantial biases in the soil moisture data, and low accuracy in meteorological forcing of GLDAS, there was no clear causal relationship between soil moisture drought and meteorological drought between these two products. These findings provide recommendations for the use of soil moisture products in drought research.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7634,"journal":{"name":"Agricultural Water Management","volume":"305 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2024-10-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142534428","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"‘They adopt, I also adopt’: The neighborhood effects and irrigator farmers’ conversion to adopt water-saving irrigation technology","authors":"Lan Mu ,&nbsp;Chunxia Luo ,&nbsp;Ying Li ,&nbsp;Zongjia Tan ,&nbsp;Shengrong Gao","doi":"10.1016/j.agwat.2024.109141","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.agwat.2024.109141","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Promoting water-saving irrigation technology (WSIT) has long been recognized as an effective measure to reduce irrigation water use and alleviate regional water poverty. Neighbours are the groups with the most interaction, the most intensive contact and the most frequent communication in agricultural production. In this paper, based on a field survey of irrigator farmers of China, experiments were conducted to evaluate the contribution of neighbour effect to farmers’ WSIT behaviour and its moderating mechanism between neighbour effect and technology adoption. The results show 26.7 % farmers adopt water-saving technology and these farmers often have strong neighborly relationships. In particular, neighbor effect significantly promote WSIT adoption by 42.1 % and farmers with strong neighborly effects apply significant higher technology compared to farmers with weak neighbourly effects. Furthermore, mechanism results indicated that neighbour effects indirectly influence farmers' adoption of water-saving irrigation technology through three pathways: reducing information search costs, mitigating agricultural production risks and benefiting from the demonstration effect. Moreover, the heterogeneous results report that higher-income, lower digital and lower training frequency farmers will benefit more from the NE in terms of WSIT. Overall, this research provides a micro foundation and policy implications for the promotion of WSIT, and sheds light upon how the government can formulate relevant policies to promote the sustainable development of agricultural water resources.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7634,"journal":{"name":"Agricultural Water Management","volume":"305 ","pages":"Article 109141"},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2024-10-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142538430","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Characterization of emitter clogging substances boundary in subsurface drip irrigation with biogas slurry using porous media model","authors":"Bo Zhou ,&nbsp;Yang Xiao ,&nbsp;Zhuangzhuang Han ,&nbsp;Peng Hou ,&nbsp;Tong Jia ,&nbsp;Jiading Zhang ,&nbsp;Yunkai Li","doi":"10.1016/j.agwat.2024.109133","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.agwat.2024.109133","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Subsurface drip irrigation (SDI) is a highly efficient and safe method for water reuse, particularly with biogas slurry. However, emitter clogging risks are high and it was hard to visualize the process. This study developed a high-precision numerical simulation method using 3D industrial computed tomography scanning, inverse modeling, and numerical simulation. We investigated the spatial distribution of clogging substances at various clogging levels. A new simulation method based on a porous media boundary was compared with the traditional fixed boundary method, showing improved accuracy. The results indicated that the cumulative growth of clogging substances on different walls of emitter increased with larger clogging degree, which also resulted in significantly different distributions. As the clogging degree increased to 50 %, the maximum and minimum values of the average volume of clogging substances appeared at the upstream face (2.36 mm³) and the downstream face (1.38 mm³), respectively. Compared to the traditional fixed-boundary simulation method, the method based on permeable porous media boundary improved the relative accuracy of the flow rate by 3.41 %-6.86 %. Furthermore, for the hydrodynamic parameters of emitter flow channel cross-section, the average velocity, average shear force, and average turbulent kinetic energy were 3.54 %-5.75 %, 14.93 %-16.26 %, and 11.16 %-30.46 % lower than those predicted by the fixed boundary module, respectively. The traditional fixed-boundary numerical simulation method tends to underestimate the clogging degree of the emitter and the influence of the clogging substances on the internal hydrodynamic characteristics to a certain extent. In summary, the results of this study can contribute to the development of anti-clogging emitter and facilitate the implementation of SDI system using biogas slurry.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7634,"journal":{"name":"Agricultural Water Management","volume":"305 ","pages":"Article 109133"},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2024-10-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142538328","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Combining UAV remote sensing data to estimate daily-scale crop water stress index: Enhancing diagnostic temporal representativeness","authors":"Qi Liu ,&nbsp;Zhongyi Qu ,&nbsp;Xiaolong Hu ,&nbsp;Yanying Bai ,&nbsp;Wei Yang ,&nbsp;Yixuan Yang ,&nbsp;Jiang Bian ,&nbsp;Dongliang Zhang ,&nbsp;Liangsheng Shi","doi":"10.1016/j.agwat.2024.109130","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.agwat.2024.109130","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Using thermal infrared remote sensing from unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) to obtain crop canopy temperature and calculate the crop water stress index (CWSI) is a promising method for monitoring field water conditions. However, such endeavors are often constrained to instantaneous scales due to the diurnal variability of thermal infrared data. To address this limitation, we developed a daily-scale CWSI suitable for UAV remote sensing, enhancing the temporal representativeness of crop water stress diagnostics. We focused on spring maize in the Hetao Irrigation District of Inner Mongolia and investigated four key growth stages. UAV thermal infrared was used to obtain multiple instantaneous statistical CWSI (CWSI_s) values during the day. UAV multispectral data and the Penman–Monteith model were combined to obtain the actual evapotranspiration and daily-scale CWSI (CWSI_{t_day}). A temporal upscaling model from instantaneous CSWI to daily-scale CWSI was established by comparing the relationships between the CWSI_s and CWSI_{t_day} at different times. Results show that compared to the fluctuations of the CWSI_s values throughout the day, those of the CWSI_{t_day} values were smaller, with values of 0.13, 0.09, 0.03, and 0.03 during the ninth leaf (V9), tasseling (VT), silking (R1), and milk (R3) stages, respectively. The CWSI_{t_day} demonstrated a higher correlation with the measured stomatal conductance (<span><math><msub><mrow><mi>g</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>s</mi></mrow></msub></math></span>) at different time periods, thereby being more stable and temporally representative. However, both indices may incorrectly interpret the decline in leaf physiological activity due to aging as water stress at the end of maize growth, leading to overestimated CWSI values. The temporal upscaling model, which was developed by combining CWSI_s values observed at 12:00, 14:00, and 16:00 with the random forest regression algorithm, achieved coefficient of determination of 0.794 and root mean square error of 0.04. Hence, multiple instantaneous observations can be used effectively instead of daily-scale observations, providing key insights into the popularization and application of the CWSI_{t_day}. Overall, this study presents a new method for obtaining continuous CWSI values with high temporal and spatial resolutions based on a UAV platform.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7634,"journal":{"name":"Agricultural Water Management","volume":"305 ","pages":"Article 109130"},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2024-10-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142538431","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Drainage in irrigated agriculture: Bibliometric analysis for the period of 2017–2021","authors":"Zulfiya Kannazarova ,&nbsp;Mukhiddin Juliev ,&nbsp;Jilili Abuduwaili ,&nbsp;Ashirbek Muratov ,&nbsp;Fakhriddin Bekchanov","doi":"10.1016/j.agwat.2024.109118","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.agwat.2024.109118","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Drainage is important in controlling the level of groundwater water in improving the melioration of irrigated lands in agriculture. The right choice of drainage parameters during design will allow for minimization of salt fluxes between the crop root zone and groundwater, and between drained lands and receiving water bodies. In this study, bibliometric analysis was used to identify important trends, focus areas, and regions in international irrigation and drainage research from 2017 to 2021. The data used in this analysis were taken from the online version of the Scopus database and 1492 publications met the selection criteria. Bibliometric analysis showed that all articles were published in English, with the highest publication numbers coming from the China, USA, India, Egypt, Iran, Spain and Brazil. It was revealed that 47 publications were from Central Asian countries on irrigation and drainage issue. Further information about Soviet Legacy and Current Central Asia with large areas irrigated with drainage system and with great pressure to overcome problems induced by soil salinization. To solve the above problem, existing technical conditions of drainage systems in irrigated agriculture, new technology and technical means of cleaning closed horizontal drains in the irrigation zone are necessary. Bibliometric analysis revealed that international research on irrigation and drainage would benefit from expanding scientific exchange on this topic, as well as from long-term, continuing studies and the sustainable integration of irrigation and drainage research into future agricultural and drainage system management concepts.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7634,"journal":{"name":"Agricultural Water Management","volume":"305 ","pages":"Article 109118"},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2024-10-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142538330","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Optimizing sowing date to mitigate loss of growing degree days and enhance crop water productivity of groundwater-irrigated spring maize","authors":"Lifeng Zhou ,&nbsp;Xinlong Han ,&nbsp;Qiliang Yang ,&nbsp;Hao Feng ,&nbsp;Kadambot H.M. Siddique","doi":"10.1016/j.agwat.2024.109097","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.agwat.2024.109097","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Groundwater irrigation (GWI) decreases soil temperature and increases crop growth duration and water consumption. Optimizing sowing dates offers a cost-effective solution to mitigate these effects. This study evaluated five sowing date treatments for spring maize: GWI on April 20 (GW420), April 25 (GW425), April 30 (GW430), May 5 (GW505), and May 10 (GW510), with surface water irrigation (SWI) on April 20 (SW420) as the control. The evaluated parameters included soil temperature at 5 cm depth (T₅), soil-temperature-calculated growing degree days (GDD_s), actual crop evapotranspiration (ET_c-act), leaf area index (LAI), grain filling, grain yield, and crop water productivity (WP_c). GW420 decreased daily maximum T₅ by 1.8°C (P&lt;0.05) and daily average GDD_s accumulation by 5.9 % and increased the growth duration by 7.8 d and ET_c-act by 33.2 mm compared to SW420. GW420 also delayed LAI growth and decreased the weight of maximum grain filling rate (W_max) and maximum grain filling rate (G_max), reducing mean LAI (LAI_ave) by 8.7 %, grain yield by 6.7 %, and WP_c by 10.2 % (P&lt;0.05). Late sowing compensated for GDD_s loss in the GWI treatments, with the highest daily average GDD_s accumulation observed in GW505 and GW510 (21.3°C d^–1), followed by SW420 and GW430 (20.2–20.3°C d^–1), and the lowest in GW420 and GW425 (19.1–19.4°C d^–1). Late sowing also shortened growth duration and decreased ET_c-act, with GW510 showing a 13.9 d shorter growth duration and GW425, GW430, GW505, and GW510 exhibiting 30.6, 36.0, 57.6, and 70.2 mm lower ET_c-act, respectively, than GW420. Moderately late sowing (GW430) enhanced G_max and maintained the active grain filling period (T_agp). Late sowing increased WP_c by 7.9 %, 16.8 %, 17.4 %, and 17.2 % in GW425, GW430, GW505, and GW510 (P&lt;0.05), respectively, compared to GW420. While the grain yields of GW430 and SW420 did not significantly differ, GW430 had a higher WP_c than SW420, indicating that moderately late sowing fully compensated for the decline in grain yield and WP_c of groundwater-irrigated maize. Entropy-TOPSIS analysis revealed that GW430 is the optimal sowing date for groundwater-irrigated maize in arid regions of northwest China, offering a cost-effective method to mitigate GWI-induced GDD_s loss and enhance WP_c.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7634,"journal":{"name":"Agricultural Water Management","volume":"305 ","pages":"Article 109097"},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2024-10-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142538244","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Maximizing crop yield and water productivity through biochar application: A global synthesis of field experiments","authors":"Liangang Xiao ,&nbsp;Yi Lin ,&nbsp;Deliang Chen ,&nbsp;Kebing Zhao ,&nbsp;Yudi Wang ,&nbsp;Zengtao You ,&nbsp;Rongqin Zhao ,&nbsp;Zhixiang Xie ,&nbsp;Junguo Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.agwat.2024.109134","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.agwat.2024.109134","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Thus far, a series of field experiments have been conducted across the globe to investigate the effects of biochar on crop productivity. However, a comprehensive evaluation of the improvement potential of crop yield, water use, and relevant underlying drivers after adding biochar remains lacking. A synthesis based on global field experiments was conducted herein to investigate the efficacy of biochar in crop-yield and water-use improvement, taking a range of potential impacting factors into account. The results showed that biochar significantly increased crop yield and crop water productivity (WP_c), by 11.2 % and 14.8 %, respectively, but caused a significant decline (1.8 %) in crop evapotranspiration (ET_c). The highest crop-yield improvement was reached at an application rate of &gt; 20 t ha⁻¹ in the initial year after adding biochar. Low C/N, high pyrolysis temperature, low pH, and wood-based raw materials were found to be beneficial biochar properties for increasing crop production. Biochar generally performed better in soils of low pH and low fertility, especially in hot and humid climates. There was a higher increase in crop yield for corn compared with those for wheat and rice. In addition, changes in WP_c were generally commensurate with those of crop yield in most scenarios. Conditions beneficial for crop-yield improvement tend to result in a higher increase in WP_c through their effects on ET_c. Overall, this study illustrates that crop yield improvement is closely related to improvements in both soil fertility and water use. The latter represents an important factor related to crop growth and productivity through the regulation of evaporation and transpiration after biochar amendment. Despite the promising performance of biochar in promoting crop yield and WP_c, a further challenge involves ways to maximize the effects of biochar across global croplands by properly considering the impacting factors during the process of policy design and implementation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7634,"journal":{"name":"Agricultural Water Management","volume":"305 ","pages":"Article 109134"},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2024-10-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142538245","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}