Agricultural Water Management最新文献

{"title":"Improved MobileVit deep learning algorithm based on thermal images to identify the water state in cotton","authors":"Kaijun Jin ,&nbsp;Jihong Zhang ,&nbsp;Ningning Liu ,&nbsp;Miao Li ,&nbsp;Zhanli Ma ,&nbsp;Zhenhua Wang ,&nbsp;Jinzhu Zhang ,&nbsp;Feihu Yin","doi":"10.1016/j.agwat.2025.109365","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.agwat.2025.109365","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Thermal imaging combined with deep learning algorithms offers an efficient and non-invasive method for monitoring crop water status, facilitating precise irrigation management over large agricultural areas. This study introduces a method for identifying the moisture state of cotton using an enhanced MobileVit deep learning algorithm. This approach incorporates the Efficient Channel Attention (ECA) mechanism into the Fusion component of the MobileVit model, optimizes the first convolution in the Fusion component by replacing it with Depthwise Separable Convolution (DsConv), and substitutes the Local representation with the MobileOne block. These enhancements aim to improve model performance while maintaining its compact size. A dataset of thermal images of cotton canopies representing three different water states was developed for this study. Ablation studies were performed to evaluate the effect of each modification. Grad-CAM was utilized to illustrate the final layer features of the proposed algorithm. Various deep learning models were also trained, tested, and validated, allowing for a comparative analysis of the proposed model against traditional deep learning models in identifying cotton moisture states. The results show that the F1-score of the proposed model reaches 0.9677, achieving a recognition speed of 50.370 ms while maintaining a size of 4.94 M, outperforming other classical deep learning models. The findings of this study provide technical support for the development of future precision irrigation systems. The relevant code and datasets will be made available on GitHub (<span><span>https://github.com/kingcuzamu/identifying-cotton-water-state</span><svg><path></path></svg></span>) upon publication.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7634,"journal":{"name":"Agricultural Water Management","volume":"310 ","pages":"Article 109365"},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143387537","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Calibration and validation of the AquaCrop model for simulating cotton growth under a semi-arid climate in Uzbekistan","authors":"Julien Boulange ,&nbsp;Sherzod Nizamov ,&nbsp;Aziz Nurbekov ,&nbsp;Musulmon Ziyatov ,&nbsp;Bakhtiyor Kamilov ,&nbsp;Sirojiddin Nizamov ,&nbsp;Abduaziz Abduvasikov ,&nbsp;Gulnoza Khamdamova ,&nbsp;Hirozumi Watanabe","doi":"10.1016/j.agwat.2025.109360","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.agwat.2025.109360","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Cotton is a crucial fiber crop, but its conventional production methods are heavily water intensive. In regions where water availability already limits cotton yields, there is a growing need to explore alternative field management practices that stabilize yields while reducing irrigation demands. Crop models, such as the AquaCrop model, are instrumental in these efforts, enabling simulations of the complex interactions between field management, water dynamics, crop growth, and yield. However, the variability in calibrated parameter values reported across AquaCrop studies for cotton raises concerns about the transferability and reliability of previously calibrated models.</div><div>In this study, we calibrated and validated the AquaCrop crop model, developed by the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO), to predict canopy growth, biomass accumulation and yield of cotton. The calibration protocol developed here is rather conservative, adhering strictly to the guidelines provided in the AquaCrop documentation. The calibration involved approximately 1500,000 simulations per treatment, employing a Monte Carlo (MC) protocol to systematically assess the effects of varying input parameters across multiple evaluation criteria, including their impact on water stress.</div><div>The calibrated AquaCrop model delivered good to acceptable performance levels in simulating canopy growth, biomass accumulation, and yield under various irrigation treatments, comparable to previous AquaCrop cotton applications. Additionally, the MC protocol uncovered a previously undiscover bug in the model, which shifted the crop’s planting date by approximately two weeks without user awareness, when the minimum rooting depth is set below 0.18 m. Furthermore, the rigorous calibration protocol clearly depicted compensatory interactions between parameters, where changes to one parameter can be offset by adjustments to another, highlighting the subjectivity and limitations encompassed in trial-and-error calibration approaches.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7634,"journal":{"name":"Agricultural Water Management","volume":"310 ","pages":"Article 109360"},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143395822","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Stable soil moisture promotes shoot performance and shapes the root-rhizosphere microbiome","authors":"Dichuan Liu ,&nbsp;Zhuan Wang ,&nbsp;Guolong Zhu ,&nbsp;Aiguo Xu ,&nbsp;Renlian Zhang ,&nbsp;Ray Bryant ,&nbsp;Patrick J. Drohan ,&nbsp;Huaiyu Long ,&nbsp;Viola Willemsen","doi":"10.1016/j.agwat.2025.109354","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.agwat.2025.109354","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Soil moisture is a key factor limiting crop productivity and has been widely studied to optimize agriculture production. However, the majority of previous studies focus only on the soil moisture content and ignore its temporal variation. This study investigates the impact of different soil moisture conditions, specifically fluctuating soil moisture (FSM) and stable soil moisture (SSM), on the rhizosphere microbiome and the plant performance of romaine lettuce. Plants were grown in natural and sterilized soils, which were subjected to SSM through negative pressure irrigation to achieve high, mid, and low moisture levels and FSM through manual irrigation. Shoot performance parameters, such as plant height, leaf count, -size, and biomass, were significantly enhanced under SSM compared to FSM. The findings reveal SSM enhances shoot performance and crop water productivity (WPc) independent of root size, as indicated by a lower root/shoot ratio. Analyses of the soil microbiome showed that the root-associated rhizosphere microbial community composition differs for SSM and FSM conditions, while the bulk soil microbial community was unaffected. This suggests that the response of the romaine lettuce rhizosphere microbial community to soil moisture temporal variation is driven by root microbiome interactions. This study indicates that stable soil moisture, together with the recruited root microbiome, induces shoot performance without enhancing root growth. Overall, the findings highlight the importance of optimizing soil moisture dynamics to improve plant growth and resource efficiency, offering valuable implications for sustainable agricultural practices.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7634,"journal":{"name":"Agricultural Water Management","volume":"310 ","pages":"Article 109354"},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143387438","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Adaptation of VegSyst-DSS for N, P and K recommendations for grafted tomato grown in perlite in Mediterranean greenhouses","authors":"M. Gallardo ,&nbsp;J.M. Cedeño ,&nbsp;J.J. Magán ,&nbsp;M.D. Fernández ,&nbsp;R.B. Thompson","doi":"10.1016/j.agwat.2025.109351","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.agwat.2025.109351","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Substrate is commonly used for greenhouse vegetable production in the Mediterranean regions of the EU and Türkiye. These are mostly free-draining systems in which drainage enters underlying soil. These systems are generally very contaminating. Unlike substrate-growing systems with recirculation of drainage, very few tools and strategies have been developed to optimize nutrient management for free-draining substrate. The VegSyst-DSS V2 and its component VegSyst V3 simulation model were both adapted to provide recommended N, P and K concentrations for nutrient solution (NS) applied to tomato in free-draining perlite substrate. Firstly, the VegSyst model calibration for tomato, developed for non-grafted plants, was adapted to grafted plants. The recalibrated model was then used to simulate N, P and K uptake in crop dry matter. The apparent nutrient retention in or loss from perlite was calculated. Using these data, the VegSyst model V3 simulated nutrient uptake by the cropping system (i.e., in dry matter plus the apparent retention in/loss from substrate). These values were then used to simulate nutrient uptake concentrations for the growing system. These latter values were used with the mass balance equation of Sonneveld (2000), in the adapted VegSyst-DSS V2, to calculate the recommended concentrations of N, P and K in the applied NS. This work was conducted in the context of a Long Cycle (early autumn to late spring) and a Spring Cycle of grafted tomato crop grown in free-draining perlite, each with a conventional (CT) and optimized nutrient management treatment (OT) (which was based on ratios of nutrient concentrations in drainage and NS). The Long Cycle CT was used for calibration, the other three crops for validation. A suite of statistical indices indicated generally good performance of simulation of nutrient uptake in crop dry matter and by the cropping system, and of crop uptake concentration for N, P and K. The recommended NS concentrations calculated by the adapted VegSyst-DSS V2 were very similar to those of the OT treatments in Long Cycle and Spring crops. Scenario analyses demonstrated how perlite age affected recommended NS concentrations through differential nutrient retention in/loss from perlite substrate.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7634,"journal":{"name":"Agricultural Water Management","volume":"310 ","pages":"Article 109351"},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143387334","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Composite microbial agent improves cotton yield and resource use efficiency under mild salt stress by optimizing plant resource allocation","authors":"Xiao Zhao ,&nbsp;Panpan Guo ,&nbsp;Xiong Wu ,&nbsp;Meng Zhu ,&nbsp;Shaozhong Kang ,&nbsp;Taisheng Du ,&nbsp;Jian Kang ,&nbsp;Jinliang Chen ,&nbsp;Ling Tong ,&nbsp;Risheng Ding ,&nbsp;Wanli Xu ,&nbsp;Guangmu Tang","doi":"10.1016/j.agwat.2025.109358","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.agwat.2025.109358","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Soil salinization and low resource utilization efficiency present significant challenges to cotton production. The application of salt-tolerant composite plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (STC-PGPR) is considered an effective strategy to address these issues. However, its broad adaptability and regulatory mechanisms require further exploration. We hypothesize that under non-saline or moderately saline conditions, STC-PGPR directs resources to shoots, especially reproductive organs, by altering the rhizosphere bacterial community, thereby enhancing seed cotton yield (SY) and resource use efficiency. To validate our hypothesis, we conducted an experiment using two cotton varieties: Xinluzao 72 (G1) and Zhongmiansuo 49 (G2); two microbial treatments: without STC-PGPR (B1) and with STC-PGPR (B2); and three salinity levels: 0, 4, and 8 g NaCl kg⁻¹ soil (S1, S2, S3). The results demonstrated that STC-PGPR enhanced SY and resource use efficiency under both S1 and S2 salinity levels, with significant improvements observed in G2S1 and G1S2 . Under G2S1, STC-PGPR increased nitrogen uptake efficiency, optimized shoot resource allocation to stems and squares, enhanced stem support, and improved resource storage and transport. Consequently, SY and nitrogen partial factor productivity (NPFP) increased by 9.1 % and 9.0 %, respectively. Under G1S2, STC-PGPR reduced the root-shoot ratio, directing more resources to shoots, which led to increases in SY, irrigation water productivity, and NPFP by 46.2 %, 44.8 %, and 45.9 %, respectively. These changes were primarily due to altered indigenous biomarkers after STC-PGPR application, rather than the bacteria in STC-PGPR. This study highlights the potential of STC-PGPR, emphasizing the importance of optimizing resource allocation rather than merely promoting growth. Additionally, it underscores the significant role of indigenous biomarkers in mediating these effects.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7634,"journal":{"name":"Agricultural Water Management","volume":"310 ","pages":"Article 109358"},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143387335","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploring the allometry between ear saturated water accumulation and dry mass for diagnosing winter wheat water status during the reproductive growth","authors":"Tingxuan Zhuang ,&nbsp;Ben Zhao ,&nbsp;Syed Tahir Ata-Ul-Karim ,&nbsp;Gilles Lemaire ,&nbsp;Xiaojun Liu ,&nbsp;Yongchao Tian ,&nbsp;Yan Zhu ,&nbsp;Weixing Cao ,&nbsp;Qiang Cao","doi":"10.1016/j.agwat.2025.109364","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.agwat.2025.109364","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The ear, which begins to form and develop during the reproductive growth phase, relies on maintaining a normal water status for its formation, grain filling, and overall yield. Accurate diagnosis of water status during the reproductive growth phase is imperative for achieving precision water management in winter wheat cultivation. Previous studies used the allometric relationship between plant dry mass (PDM) and plant saturated water accumulation (SWA_P) to develop critical SWA_P curves, which were employed to assess the water status of winter wheat and maize during their vegetative growth phase. However, it remains uncertain whether this method is applicable to the ear of winter wheat during its reproductive growth phase. The study focused on developing and validating a model to quantify the water status of winter wheat during reproductive growth phase by using critical ear saturated water accumulation (SWA_E) curves and water diagnostic index (WDI) based on ear, and to analyze the effect of water-nitrogen interaction on it. Field experiments involving four water and two nitrogen treatments were conducted from 2019 to 2023 to determine the relationship between ear dry mass (EDM) and SWA_E during the reproductive growth phase of winter wheat. The impact of water-nitrogen interaction on EDM-SWA_E allometry was also analyzed. In addition, the ear WDI was defined as the ratio of the actual SWA_E value to the critical SWA_E value under the same EDM. The critical SWA_E curves under nitrogen limited (N1) and non-nitrogen limited (N2) conditions were constructed (N1: SWA_E = 3.53EDM^0.48; N2: SWA_E = 4.53EDM^0.47). Nitrogen deficiency lowered the SWA_E value at the same EDM, but it did not impact its accumulation rate. The indirect soil nitrogen deficiency, reduction of grain number per ear and early grain filling caused by drought were the three main factors leading to the decrease of ear WDI. The ear WDI effectively distinguishes varying degrees of water stress; however, it is essential to minimize errors resulting from its uncertainty before application. These findings will provide valuable insights into the water status of winter wheat under varying water and nitrogen conditions during the reproductive growth phase. Additionally, they will serve as a foundation for advancing future research on precise irrigation strategies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7634,"journal":{"name":"Agricultural Water Management","volume":"309 ","pages":"Article 109364"},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143372080","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Modeling quinoa growth under saline and water-limiting conditions using SWAP-WOFOST","authors":"Diana C. Estrella Delgado ,&nbsp;Tom De Swaef ,&nbsp;Jan Vanderborght ,&nbsp;Eric Laloy ,&nbsp;Gerda Cnops ,&nbsp;Maarten De Boever ,&nbsp;Abdelaziz Hirich ,&nbsp;Ayoub El Mouttaqi ,&nbsp;Sarah Garré","doi":"10.1016/j.agwat.2025.109356","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.agwat.2025.109356","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Soil salinization in arid and coastal areas poses a significant threat to crop production, which is further aggravated by climate change and the over-exploitation of aquifers. Cultivation of salt and drought-tolerant crops such as quinoa represents a promising adaptation pathway for agriculture in saline soils. Quinoa (<em>Chenopodium quinoa Willd.</em>) is a “salt-loving” plant, known for its tolerance to drought and salinity using complex stress responses. However, available models of quinoa growth are limited, particularly under salinity stress. The objective of this study was to calibrate the crop growth, and salinity and drought stress parameters of the SWAP – WOFOST model and evaluate whether this model can represent quinoa’s stress tolerance mechanisms. Field experimental data were used from two quinoa varieties: ICBA-Q5 grown under saline conditions in Laayoune, Morocco, in 2021, and Bastille grown under rainfed, non-saline conditions in Merelbeke, Belgium, from 2018 to 2023. Calibration and parameter uncertainty was performed using the DiffeRential Evolution Adaptive Metropolis (DREAMzs) algorithm on key parameters identified via sensitivity analysis using the Morris method. The resulting crop parameters provide insights into the stress tolerance mechanisms of quinoa, including reduction of transpiration and uptake of solutes. The salinity stress function of SWAP effectively represents these tolerance mechanisms and accurately predicts the impact on yield, under arid conditions. Under Northwestern European climate, the model replicates the impact of drought stress on yield. The calibrated model offers perspectives for evaluating practices to reduce soil salinization in arid conditions and for modeling crop performance under water-limited conditions or future salinization in temperate regions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7634,"journal":{"name":"Agricultural Water Management","volume":"309 ","pages":"Article 109356"},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143350176","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Determining the optimal degradation rate of biodegradable films in a maize farmland based on the EWM-TOPSIS model","authors":"Wangwang Zhang ,&nbsp;Weishu Wang ,&nbsp;Yuanzheng Zhang ,&nbsp;Fangping Wang ,&nbsp;Shijun Sun","doi":"10.1016/j.agwat.2025.109359","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.agwat.2025.109359","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Biodegradable film is considered a promising alternative to conventional plastic film in agriculture production. Differences in degradation rates result in varying effects on soil temperature and moisture, which directly affect crop growth and yield. However, studies on the effects of biodegradable films with different degradation rates on crop growth remain limited. To investigate these effects, a field experiment was conducted in 2019 and 2020, featuring three biodegradable films with degradation induction periods of 30 days (M1), 60 days (M2) and 90 days (M3), and a non-mulching control (CK). The results indicated that the degradation rates of the three films followed the expected order of M1 &gt; M2 &gt; M3, with final breakage rates of 27.23 %, 23.68 %, and 2.73 % in 2019, and 38.28 %, 28.63 %, and 7.39 % in 2020, respectively. Biodegradable film mulching increased average soil moisture, temperature, and the content of NO₃^–-N and NH₄⁺-N throughout the entire maize growth period. Due to its fastest degradation rate, M1 exhibited weaker warming and moisture-retention effects compared to M2 and M3. The favorable soil conditions created by biodegradable film mulching promoted maize growth, advanced the peak times of plant height and leaf area index, and increased maize yield. Compared to CK, M1, M2, and M3 increased maize yield by 12.96 %, 14.84 %, and 15.86 % in 2019, and 15.12 %, 16.29 %, and 15.91 % in 2020, respectively. Furthermore, biodegradable film mulching also increased maize water use efficiency and nitrogen partial factor productivity by reducing soil evaporation and increasing maize yield. The EWM-TOPSIS model ranked M2 as the optimal treatment for both years, followed by M1 and M3. This study provides valuable reference for determining biodegradable films with suitable degradation rates in the experimental region.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7634,"journal":{"name":"Agricultural Water Management","volume":"309 ","pages":"Article 109359"},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143350174","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of cover crops on phosphorus and trace metal leaching in agricultural soils","authors":"Vishawjot Sandhu ,&nbsp;Jasmeet Lamba ,&nbsp;Preetika Kaur ,&nbsp;Kritika Malhotra ,&nbsp;Thomas R. Way ,&nbsp;Kipling S. Balkcom ,&nbsp;Rishi Prasad","doi":"10.1016/j.agwat.2025.109343","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.agwat.2025.109343","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Soil macropores can enhance the loss of phosphorus (P) and metals via preferential flow pathways in soils fertilized with broiler litter. Cover crops can enhance soil macropores and contribute to preferential flow pathways. Our objective was to determine the effect of cover crops on total P (TP), colloidal P (CP), dissolved reactive P (DRP), dissolved P (DP), total metals, dissolved metals, and colloidal metals in leachate from loamy sand soil cores consisting of soil macropores and fertilized with broiler litter. The cover crop, a mixture of cereal rye and crimson clover, was planted in the late fall in the field. The main crop, planted the following spring, was strip-tillage cotton. Following cotton harvest, intact undisturbed cylindrical soil cores (15 cm diameter and 50 cm depth) were collected from cover crop (CC) and no cover (NC) parts of the field. In the laboratory, for half of the leachate trials with the CC soil cores and half of those with the NC soil cores, we broadcasted broiler litter on the soil surface of the cores using a 10 Mg/ha application rate. For the other half of the trials with the CC cores and the other half with the NC cores, no litter was applied. Rainfall simulations were conducted on each core, and leachate was collected after it flowed down through each soil core. The leachates collected during the rainfall simulations were analyzed for TP, CP, DRP, DP, total metals, dissolved metals, and colloidal metals. The TP, CP, and DP concentrations were significantly greater from CC cores fertilized with broiler litter, than from NC cores fertilized with broiler litter. The mean leachate concentration of TP in soil cores fertilized with broiler litter was 4.07 and 1.54 mg L⁻¹ for CC and NC, respectively. Application of broiler litter resulted in CP loss, which was less than 10 % of TP. Similar trends were observed in dissolved and total trace metal losses. The preferential flow through soil macropores increased the mobility and velocity of solute movement in the cover cropping system.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7634,"journal":{"name":"Agricultural Water Management","volume":"309 ","pages":"Article 109343"},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143350309","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluating the impact of drought and water restrictions on agricultural production in irrigated areas through crop water productivity functions and a remote sensing-based evapotranspiration model","authors":"Joaquim Bellvert,&nbsp;Magí Pamies-Sans,&nbsp;Jaume Casadesús,&nbsp;Joan Girona","doi":"10.1016/j.agwat.2025.109319","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.agwat.2025.109319","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In Mediterranean regions, climate change is leading to reduced precipitation, along with more frequent and severe droughts, and prolonged periods of water scarcity. In this context, as reservoir levels drop dramatically, some irrigated agricultural areas are compelled to impose water restrictions on farmers to enhance efficiency and protect crops. This study aims to evaluate the impact of varying levels of water restrictions on crop productivity across different crops, taking into account water allocation rights and the irrigation management practices of each irrigation district. Since crop yield is closely linked to the water used (crop actual evapotranspiration, <span><math><msub><mrow><mi>ETc</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>act</mi></mrow></msub></math></span>), this study proposes a novel approach based on using crop water productivity functions and a remote sensing-based surface energy balance model to spatially estimate <span><math><msub><mrow><mi>ETc</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>act</mi></mrow></msub></math></span>. The research was conducted across fourteen irrigation districts in Lleida and Girona, Spain, simulating six scenarios with different levels of precipitation and water rights reductions. The findings showed that reduced water availability significantly negatively affected both simulated evapotranspiration and crop yields across all districts, with variations between districts and crops. On average, yield reductions reached up to 18 % in Lleida and 16 % in Girona under the least restrictive scenarios, while more severe restrictions caused decreases of 48 % and 28 %, respectively. This approach offers valuable insights for water management agencies regarding the effects of water restrictions on crop yield losses, enabling them to make more informed decisions. Incorporating this methodology into emergency drought management plans is essential for fostering resilience in a changing climate.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7634,"journal":{"name":"Agricultural Water Management","volume":"309 ","pages":"Article 109319"},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143350175","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}