Agricultural Water Management最新文献_第6页

Evaluating precision irrigation and nitrogen management for corn using SWAP model under changing humid climates 基于SWAP模型的湿润气候下玉米精准灌溉和氮素管理评价

IF 6.5 1区农林科学 Q1 AGRONOMY

Agricultural Water Management

Pub Date : 2026-01-20 DOI: 10.1016/j.agwat.2025.110087

Suman Budhathoki , Ryan Stewart , William Hunter Frame , Julie Shortridge

Climate change is expected to alter crop productivity and nitrogen dynamics, yet limited research has quantified how different irrigation strategies can mitigate these impacts, particularly in humid regions where erratic rainfall complicates water and nutrient management. This study employs the agro-hydrological model SWAP to examine the performance of rainfed, calendar, and precision irrigation with both single (1 N) and split (2 N) nitrogen applications. SWAP model calibration and evaluation were conducted using observed volumetric water content across multiple soil depths as well as nitrate concentration data. Corn yield, nitrogen uptake, nitrate leaching, and irrigation water productivity were compared for each integrated irrigation and nitrogen strategy under different climate scenarios. To distinguish the effects of irrigation and nitrogen application strategy, precision irrigation was simulated using both a single nitrogen application (Precision-1N) and a split application (Precision-2N). Results indicated that nitrogen application timing (1 N vs. 2 N) had less of an impact on yields, leaching, and water productivity compared to irrigation strategy. Precision-2N consistently outperformed the Calendar-1N system across all scenarios, with higher yields and nitrogen uptake, and significantly better water productivity. The greatest long-term benefits of the Precision-2N treatment compared to Calendar-1N were observed under Scenario 4, which featured increased rainfall variability without an increase in total precipitation. In contrast, the smallest disparities between the irrigation treatments were observed in climate scenarios where precipitation increased. An analysis of interannual variability demonstrated that the Precision-2N benefits were most pronounced during years with frequent extreme temperature events. These findings reinforce the effectiveness of Precision-2N to achieve a favorable balance between higher yields and reduced NO₃ leaching.

气候变化预计会改变作物生产力和氮动态，然而有限的研究量化了不同的灌溉策略如何减轻这些影响，特别是在降雨不稳定使水和养分管理复杂化的潮湿地区。本研究采用农业水文模型SWAP来考察单施（1 N）和分施（2 N）氮的旱作灌溉、日历灌溉和精准灌溉的性能。SWAP模型的校准和评估是利用观测到的不同土壤深度的体积含水量以及硝酸盐浓度数据进行的。比较了不同气候情景下灌氮一体化策略的玉米产量、氮素吸收、硝态氮淋溶和灌溉水生产力。为了区分灌溉和施氮策略的影响，采用单次施氮（precision - 1n）和分次施氮（precision - 2n）模拟精确灌溉。结果表明，与灌溉策略相比，施氮时机（1 N vs. 2 N）对产量、淋溶和水分生产力的影响较小。Precision-2N在所有情况下都优于Calendar-1N系统，具有更高的产量和氮吸收率，并且显着提高了水分生产力。与Calendar-1N相比，Precision-2N处理的最大长期效益是在情景4下观察到的，其特征是降雨变率增加，但总降水量没有增加。相反，在降水增加的气候情景下，灌溉处理之间的差异最小。对年际变率的分析表明，在极端温度事件频繁的年份，Precision-2N的效益最为显著。这些发现加强了Precision-2N在提高产量和减少NO₃浸出之间取得良好平衡的有效性。

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引用次数: 0

Linking anatomy and physiology of almond to irrigation strategies: Towards standardized thresholds and decision-support tools for water-limited environments 将杏仁的解剖学和生理学与灌溉策略联系起来：迈向水限制环境的标准化阈值和决策支持工具

IF 6.5 1区农林科学 Q1 AGRONOMY

Agricultural Water Management

Pub Date : 2026-01-20 DOI: 10.1016/j.agwat.2026.110162

S. Gutiérrez-Gordillo , L. Conti , G. Egea , S. Vélez , R. Martínez-Peña , D. Andima , V. Blanco , M.A. Sarıdaş , B. Kapur , T.A. Paço , E. Kullaj , Ş.E. Aslan , O. Sperling , K. Vukićević , P. Losciale

Almond (Prunus dulcis (Mill.) D.A. Webb) is one of the most important nut crops cultivated in arid and semi-arid regions, where water availability is a key factor determining yield and nut quality. Its domestication in dry environments has favoured traits such as deep rooting and early phenology, which confer a moderate tolerance to drought. However, under prolonged or severe water stress, these adaptations become insufficient, leading to declines in yield. Understanding the balance between tolerance and vulnerability is therefore essential for developing irrigation strategies that ensure yield stability, nut quality and long-term orchard resilience under climatic conditions and modern cultivation systems increasingly dependent on irrigation. This review provides an integrative overview of almond’s anatomical and ecophysiological responses to water availability, emphasizing key physiological indicators, such as water potential, stomatal conductance, and leaf temperature, as tools to guide irrigation management. The reliability of these variables depends on environmental conditions, phenological stages, and cultivar-specific traits, which complicates the definition of universal thresholds. By integrating anatomical and physiological evidence with recent advances in monitoring technologies, this review aims to support the development of standardized, adaptive irrigation protocols that enhance water use efficiency of almond trees while preserving yield and nut quality. Understanding cultivar adaptation and physiological thresholds is critical to ensure resilient almond production under increasing climate and water challenges.

杏仁（Prunus dulcis）在干旱和半干旱地区，水分供应是决定产量和坚果品质的关键因素，是最重要的坚果作物之一。它在干燥环境中的驯化具有诸如深根和早期物候等有利特性，这赋予了它对干旱的适度耐受性。然而，在长期或严重的水分胁迫下，这些适应变得不足，导致产量下降。因此，了解耐受性和脆弱性之间的平衡对于制定灌溉策略至关重要，这些策略可以确保产量稳定、坚果质量和果园在气候条件和日益依赖灌溉的现代栽培系统下的长期抗逆性。本文综述了杏仁对水分有效性的解剖学和生理生态响应，重点介绍了水势、气孔导度和叶温等关键生理指标对灌溉管理的指导作用。这些变量的可靠性取决于环境条件、物候阶段和品种特异性性状，这使得通用阈值的定义变得复杂。通过将解剖学和生理学证据与最新的监测技术相结合，本综述旨在支持开发标准化、适应性灌溉方案，以提高杏仁树的水分利用效率，同时保持产量和坚果质量。了解品种适应和生理阈值对于确保在日益严峻的气候和水资源挑战下生产弹性杏仁至关重要。

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引用次数: 0

Explainable machine learning for joint estimation of evapotranspiration and gross primary productivity in a winter wheat cropland in Northwest China 基于可解释机器学习的西北冬小麦农田蒸散量与总初级生产力联合估算

IF 6.5 1区农林科学 Q1 AGRONOMY

Agricultural Water Management

Pub Date : 2026-01-19 DOI: 10.1016/j.agwat.2026.110163

Yao Li , Kegong Shi , Xiaoya Wang , Xuegui Zhang , Zhunqiao Liu , Xiaoliang Lu , Xiaobo Gu , Jiatun Xu , Yujuan Fu , Xiongbiao Peng , Huanjie Cai

Under climate change, accurate estimation of actual crop evapotranspiration (ET_{c act}) and gross primary productivity (GPP) is essential for understanding ecosystem water–carbon coupling and improving agricultural water management. Traditional models mainly rely on meteorological and structural variables but often fail to represent physiological processes such as photosynthesis and stomatal regulation. In this study, four consecutive years of joint observations were conducted in a winter wheat field in Yangling, Northwest China, using eddy covariance, tower-based solar-induced chlorophyll fluorescence (SIF), and meteorological sensors. SIF was integrated into a machine learning framework to estimate water–carbon fluxes, and the Shapley additive explanations (SHAP) method was used to quantify factor contributions across phenological stages. The inclusion of SIF improved model accuracy. For ET_{c act}, R² increased by 0.02 and RMSE decreased by 0.03 mm day⁻¹. For GPP, R² increased by 0.06 and RMSE decreased by 1.01 g C m⁻² day⁻¹. Among all models, the long short-term memory model performed best, achieving R² values of 0.88 and 0.91 and RMSE values of 0.85 mm day⁻¹ and 0.81 g C m⁻² day⁻¹ for ET_{c act} and GPP, respectively. SHAP analysis indicated that net radiation was the dominant driver of ET_{c act}, while the contribution of SIF increased with crop development. For GPP, SIF was the most important predictor in almost all stages. Taken together, integrating SIF with explainable machine learning enhanced both estimation accuracy and understanding of coupled water–carbon processes, providing support for precision irrigation and sustainable crop management.

在气候变化条件下，准确估算作物实际蒸散量（ETc act）和总初级生产力（GPP）对认识生态系统水碳耦合和改善农业用水管理具有重要意义。传统的模型主要依赖于气象和结构变量，但往往不能反映光合作用和气孔调节等生理过程。利用涡旋相关方差（eddy correlation variance）、太阳诱导叶绿素荧光（SIF）和气象传感器对杨凌冬小麦进行了连续4年的联合观测。将SIF集成到机器学习框架中以估计水-碳通量，并使用Shapley加性解释（SHAP）方法来量化各物候阶段的因子贡献。SIF的加入提高了模型的精度。ETc act的R2增加0.02，RMSE减少0.03 mm day - 1。GPP的R2升高0.06，RMSE降低1.01 g C m−2 day−1。在所有模型中，长短期记忆模型表现最好，ETc act和GPP的R2分别为0.88和0.91，RMSE分别为0.85 mm day - 1和0.81 g C m - 2 day - 1。SHAP分析表明，净辐射是ETc行为的主要驱动力，而SIF的贡献随着作物发育而增加。对于GPP， SIF在几乎所有阶段都是最重要的预测因子。综上所述，将SIF与可解释的机器学习相结合，提高了估计精度和对耦合水-碳过程的理解，为精准灌溉和可持续作物管理提供了支持。

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引用次数: 0

Response of maize to supplemental irrigation and other agronomic practices in different regions of China: A meta-analysis 中国不同地区玉米对补充灌溉和其他农艺措施的响应：meta分析

IF 6.5 1区农林科学 Q1 AGRONOMY

Agricultural Water Management

Pub Date : 2026-01-19 DOI: 10.1016/j.agwat.2026.110159

Ning Yang , Miaomiao Zhang , Huimin Jia , Xiaoru Zhao , Muhammad Farooq , Pengfei Dang , Shiguang Wang , Xiping Pan , Charles O. Joseph , Kadambot H.M. Siddique , Jiquan Xue , Xiaoliang Qin

Maize is the most widely cultivated crop in China. However, droughts pose significant challenges to the sustainable development of China’s maize. Under the condition of limited water supply, reasonable supplementary irrigation is an effective measure to alleviate maize drought and increase yield. We conducted a meta-analysis based on 82 field studies and 2836 data pairs to evaluate the effects of supplemental irrigation on maize yield and crop water productivity (WP_c) in China. This study revealed that supplemental irrigation increased maize yield by 17.5 % across China. Annual precipitation, average temperature, maize variety, and irrigation amount significantly influenced yield responses. Yield gains after supplemental irrigation decreased (p < 0.01) as annual precipitation and temperature increased. Regionally, the highest yield improvements were observed in Northwest China (20.08 %), followed by the Huang-Huai-Hai Plain (17.01 %) and North China (16.37 %) (p < 0.05). Yield gains after supplemental irrigation were mainly due to the increases in grain number (10.67 %) and grain weight (9.28 %), while supplemental irrigation has no effect on ear number. Although supplemental irrigation increased maize water consumption (ET_a), it had not signific_antly effect on WP_c, its with effects on WP_c varied by region, with significantly improvements in Northwest China but no reductions in the Huang-Huai-Hai Plain and North China. Additionally, newer high-yielding maize varieties showed greater yield increases with supplemental irrigation than older varieties. Across regions, a single supplemental irrigation of 50 mm was deemed most appropriate. This study offered strategies for optimizing irrigation management strategies in China’s maize-producing areas.

玉米是中国种植最广泛的作物。然而，干旱对中国玉米的可持续发展构成了重大挑战。在水资源有限的条件下，合理补灌是缓解玉米旱情、提高产量的有效措施。本研究基于82项田间研究和2836对数据对进行meta分析，评估了补灌对中国玉米产量和作物水分生产力（WPc）的影响。本研究表明，补充灌溉可使中国玉米产量提高17.5% %。年降水量、平均气温、玉米品种和灌水量对产量响应有显著影响。随着年降水量和温度的增加，补灌后的产量增加幅度减小（p <； 0.01）。从区域上看，西北增产幅度最大（20.08 %），其次是黄淮海平原（17.01 %）和华北（16.37 %）（p <； 0.05）。补灌后产量的增加主要是由于粒数（10.67 %）和粒重（9.28 %）的增加，而对穗数没有影响。补灌虽然增加了玉米耗水量，但对WPc的影响不显著，其对WPc的影响因地区而异，西北地区显著提高，黄淮海平原和华北地区没有降低。此外，较新的高产玉米品种在补灌条件下的产量增幅高于老品种。在各个地区，单次补充灌溉50 毫米被认为是最合适的。本研究为优化中国玉米产区的灌溉管理策略提供了策略。

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引用次数: 0

Effects of irrigation and fertilization on the yield of traditional and modern foxtail millet varieties 灌溉和施肥对传统和现代谷子品种产量的影响

IF 6.5 1区农林科学 Q1 AGRONOMY

Agricultural Water Management

Pub Date : 2026-01-19 DOI: 10.1016/j.agwat.2026.110168

Ke Ma , Zheng Jia , Xinya Wen , Fu Chen

To elucidate the mechanisms underlying yield formation in response to water and fertilizer management in traditional and modern foxtail millet varieties, a field experiment was conducted using the traditional cultivar Jingu 6 and the modern cultivar Changsheng 13. Three irrigation regimes (rainfed, pre‑sowing supplemental irrigation, and full growth‑stage irrigation) and two fertilizer levels (high and low) were implemented. Phenotypic traits, photosynthetic parameters, dry matter accumulation and translocation, photosynthate content, and yield were measured. Multivariate statistical analysis was performed to reveal the intrinsic factors responsible for yield differences between the varieties under varying water and fertilizer conditions. The results indicated that the traditional cultivar exhibited low yield potential but high stability, with minimal inter‑annual variation and low sensitivity to water and fertilizer inputs. Under rainfed conditions, its yield decreased by 16.98–39.18 %, which was maintained primarily through optimized photoprotective mechanisms and pre‑flowering dry matter allocation. In contrast, the modern cultivar showed high yield potential but poor stability, with yield increases ranging from 39.09 % to 272.42 % under conditions of high water and high fertilizer inputs. Its high yield depended on full growth‑stage irrigation, achieved mainly through improved plant architecture, enhanced photosynthetic efficiency, and strengthened source‑sink coordination. Therefore, traditional cultivars are suitable for rainfed dryland agriculture, whereas modern cultivars require reliable irrigation. Future breeding strategies should integrate the water‑saving and stress‑tolerance traits of traditional cultivars with the high‑yield potential of modern cultivars to develop water‑efficient and high‑yielding hybrids, which is crucial for building a climate‑resilient foxtail millet production system.

为了阐明水肥管理对传统和现代谷子品种产量形成的影响机制，以传统品种金谷6号和现代品种长胜13号为试验材料进行了田间试验。采用了三种灌溉方式（雨灌、播前补灌和全生育期灌溉）和两种施肥水平（高施肥和低施肥）。测定了表型性状、光合参数、干物质积累和转运、光合产物含量和产量。通过多元统计分析，揭示了不同水肥条件下各品种产量差异的内在因素。结果表明，传统品种产量潜力低，稳定性好，年际变化小，对水肥投入敏感性低。在旱作条件下，其产量下降16.98 ~ 39.18 %，主要是通过优化光保护机制和花前干物质分配来维持。相比之下，现代品种表现出高产潜力，但稳定性较差，在高水肥投入条件下，产量增幅为39.09 % ~ 272.42 %。其高产依赖于全生育期灌溉，主要通过改善植株结构、提高光合效率和加强源库协调来实现。因此，传统品种适合旱地雨养农业，而现代品种需要可靠的灌溉。未来的选育策略应将传统品种的节水、耐胁迫特性与现代品种的高产潜力相结合，培育出节水、高产的杂交种，这对建立气候适应型谷子生产体系至关重要。

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引用次数: 0

Water quality dynamics of irrigation reservoirs in series at a production plant nursery 某生产型苗圃灌溉水库串联水质动态

IF 6.5 1区农林科学 Q1 AGRONOMY

Agricultural Water Management

Pub Date : 2026-01-17 DOI: 10.1016/j.agwat.2026.110167

Natasha L. Bell , Lauren M. Garcia Chance , William H.J. Strosnider , Daniel R. Hitchcock , John C. Majsztrik , Sarah A. White

The dynamics of sediment, phosphorus, and nitrogen were characterized in a treatment train consisting of a vegetated channel followed by two irrigation reservoirs (RR1 and RR2) at a retail/production plant nursery in South Carolina’s Piedmont Ecoregion. Water quality and hydrologic data (flow rates, rainfall, irrigation events) were collected to evaluate seasonal variation in treatment capacity. Nominal hydraulic retention times (HRTs) were generally longer in winter and shorter during active production months, reducing treatment capacity when irrigation flows and nutrient loads were highest. Irrigation dominated hydrology in summer and fall, while rainfall was the primary driver in winter and spring. Concentrations of total suspended solids (TSS), phosphate (PO₄-P), and dissolved inorganic nitrogen (DIN) declined sequentially from the vegetated channel through RR1 to RR2. Average removal rates in RR1 and RR2 were 189 ± 106 and 32.9 ± 18.7 g m⁻² d⁻¹ for TSS, 580 ± 310 and 58.7 ± 30.9 mg m⁻² d⁻¹ for DIN, and 51.3 ± 24.4 and 9.19 ± 6.17 mg m⁻² d⁻¹ for PO₄-P, respectively. Removal was highest in spring and summer and lowest in winter, when internal loading and reduced microbial activity likely limited performance. Despite its larger size, RR2 showed more variable treatment, suggesting that treatment efficiency is influenced more by hydraulic design and influent loading than basin size alone. These findings support the dual role of irrigation reservoirs in water quality improvement and water security, emphasizing the need for design strategies that optimize both treatment and storage functions.

在南卡罗来纳皮埃蒙特生态区的零售/生产植物苗圃中，通过由植被通道和两个灌溉水库（RR1和RR2）组成的处理序列，表征了沉积物、磷和氮的动态。收集水质和水文数据（流量、降雨量、灌溉事件）来评估处理能力的季节性变化。名义水力滞留时间（hrt）通常在冬季较长，而在生产活跃月份较短，这降低了灌溉流量和养分负荷最高时的处理能力。夏季和秋季以灌溉为主，冬季和春季以降雨为主。总悬浮固体（TSS）、磷酸盐（po_4 -P）和溶解无机氮（DIN）的浓度从植被通道通过RR1到RR2依次下降。平均去除率在189年RR1和RR2 ±  106和32.9±18.7  g m⁻²d⁻¹ TSS、580 ±  310和58.7±30.9  mg m⁻²d⁻¹ 喧嚣,和51.3 ±  24.4和9.19±6.17  mg m⁻²d⁻¹ PO₄- p,分别。去除率在春季和夏季最高，冬季最低，此时内部负荷和微生物活性降低可能限制了性能。尽管RR2的尺寸更大，但其处理的变量更多，这表明处理效率更多地受到水力设计和进水负荷的影响，而不仅仅是流域尺寸。这些发现支持了灌溉水库在改善水质和水安全方面的双重作用，强调了优化处理和储存功能的设计策略的必要性。

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引用次数: 0

Ultra-width film mulched with magnetized irrigation boosts soil rhizosphere processes and cotton yield in arid regions 超宽地膜磁化灌溉促进了干旱地区土壤根际过程和棉花产量

IF 6.5 1区农林科学 Q1 AGRONOMY

Agricultural Water Management

Pub Date : 2026-01-17 DOI: 10.1016/j.agwat.2026.110152

Tong Heng , Yingjie Ma , Mingjiang Deng , Pengrui Ai , Zhenghu Ma , Jiawen Yu

Water scarcity constrains cotton production in arid regions, while film mulching and magnetized irrigation have demonstrated agronomic potential individually, their combined effects on rhizosphere dynamics and soil aeration remain unclear. A two-year field study (2023–2024) employed a two-factor completely randomized design with three replicate units (106 × 200 m) per treatment. The impacts of magnetized irrigation (0.3 T) and three film mulched widths (1.4, 2.05, and 4.4 m) were evaluated. Outcomes assessed included soil oxygen (O₂) and moisture dynamics, rhizosphere microbial, and irrigation water use efficiency (IWUE). Ultra-width mulched with magnetized irrigation (W3A) synergistically optimized soil O₂ (15.7–20.0 %) and enhanced moisture retention by 20.4 % compared to narrower mulches. This combination boosted microbial diversity and metabolic activity, increasing actinobacteria abundance (17.1–25.5 %) and elevating predicted carbohydrate metabolism pathway abundance based on 16S rRNA profiling (1961 ± 175 reads) by 1.5-fold versus non-magnetized treatments. W3A maximized root dry weight (35.9 g plant⁻¹) and seed cotton yield (7950 ± 364 kg hm⁻² in 2024), significantly outperforming non-magnetized (6600 ± 460 kg hm⁻²) while achieving IWUE of 1.74 ± 0.3 kg m⁻³. This study provides novel evidence that integrating magnetized irrigation with wide mulching enhances yield by creating a favorable soil water-oxygen environment, optimizing rhizosphere processes, and predicting microbial function, thereby offering a sustainable technological framework for arid agriculture.

水资源短缺制约了干旱地区的棉花生产，虽然膜覆盖和磁化灌溉单独显示了农艺潜力，但它们对根际动态和土壤通气性的综合影响尚不清楚。为期两年的实地研究（2023-2024年）采用双因素完全随机设计，每个处理有三个重复单位（106 × 200 m）。评价了磁化灌溉（0.3 T）和三种覆盖宽度（1.4、2.05和4.4 m）对土壤生长的影响。评估结果包括土壤氧（O₂）和水分动态、根际微生物和灌溉水利用效率（IWUE）。与较窄覆盖相比，超宽覆盖磁化灌溉（W3A）协同优化了土壤O₂（15.7-20.0 %），提高了水分保持率20.4 %。这种组合提高了微生物多样性和代谢活性，放线菌丰度（17.1-25.5 %）和基于16S rRNA分析（1961 ± 175 reads）的预测碳水化合物代谢途径丰度比非磁化处理提高了1.5倍。W3A最大化根干重(35.9 g 植物⁻¹)和籽棉产量(7950 ± 364 公斤hm⁻²在2024年),显著优于non-magnetized(6600 ± 460 公斤hm⁻²)而实现 IWUE 1.74±0.3  公斤 m⁻³。本研究提供了新的证据，证明将磁化灌溉与宽覆盖相结合可以通过创造良好的土壤水氧环境、优化根际过程和预测微生物功能来提高产量，从而为干旱农业提供可持续的技术框架。

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引用次数: 0

Spatial distributed management strategies for maize high-yield and high-efficiency under different production-demand scenarios in Northwest China 西北不同生产需求情景下玉米高产高效空间分布管理策略

IF 6.5 1区农林科学 Q1 AGRONOMY

Agricultural Water Management

Pub Date : 2026-01-17 DOI: 10.1016/j.agwat.2026.110166

Honghang Zhang , Chuanbin Liang , Wenxin Zhang , Manoj Shukla , Yu Fang , Shichao Chen , Taisheng Du

Rapid warming and increasingly stringent water allocations in arid Northwest China have exacerbated the inherent trade-offs among maize yield, water productivity (WP_c) and economic returns. This study employed a statistical modeling-optimization pipeline (PLS-GA) and a machine learning-optimization pipeline (RF-GA) to build a framework for better maize production in the Hexi Corridor of Gansu Province, an arid region in northwest China. The framework uses yield and actual evapotranspiration (ET_{c act}) prediction as well as multi-objective optimization calculations. The optimal irrigation, nitrogen application, and planting density were proposed for five production-demand scenarios and the consequent impacts on yield, WP_c, and economic returns under future climate change were systematically assessed. Results showed that random forest (RF) outperformed partial least squares (PLS) regression in capturing non-linear relationships (R²= 0.80 vs. 0.51) for yield simulation, whereas PLS provided superior explanatory power for individual factors. Findings also showed that all scenarios in the historical period could have benefited from an increase in planting density by at least 13.1 % and precision planting, leading to improvements in yield, WP_c, and economic returns of at least 20.2 %, 31.4 %, and 15.1 %, respectively, alongside reductions in nitrogen application and irrigation of at least 13.7 % and 6.3 %, respectively. During mid-century (2041–2050), planting density and irrigation were projected to decline 0.4–1.1 % and 0.1–3.5 %, respectively, while nitrogen application to increase by 4.7–9.9 %. These adaptive measures lead to enhanced yield (5.8–6.2 %) and economic returns (13.8–14.7 %), albeit with a decline in WP_c (13.1–14.5 %). This study presents an integrated maize management strategy that simultaneously optimizes grain yield, WP_c, and economic returns in the Hexi Corridor, while also contributing a scalable methodological framework for advancing climate-resilient agricultural practices in arid, irrigated agroecosystems of Northwest China and comparable regions.

中国西北干旱地区的快速变暖和日益严格的水资源分配加剧了玉米产量、水分生产力和经济效益之间的内在权衡。本研究采用统计建模-优化管道（PLS-GA）和机器学习-优化管道（RF-GA）构建了中国西北干旱区甘肃省河西走廊玉米优化生产的框架。该框架采用产量和实际蒸散量预测以及多目标优化计算。提出了5种生产需求情景下的最佳灌溉、施氮量和种植密度，并系统评估了未来气候变化对产量、WPc和经济回报的影响。结果表明，随机森林（RF）在捕获非线性关系（R2= 0.80 vs. 0.51）的产量模拟方面优于偏最小二乘（PLS）回归，而PLS对单个因素提供了更好的解释能力。研究结果还表明，在历史时期的所有情景中，种植密度至少增加13.1% %和精确种植都可以使产量、WPc和经济回报分别提高至少20.2% %、31.4% %和15.1% %，同时氮肥施用和灌溉分别减少至少13.7% %和6.3% %。本世纪中叶（2041 ~ 2050年），预计种植密度和灌溉分别下降0.4 ~ 1.1 %和0.1 ~ 3.5 %，施氮量增加4.7 ~ 9.9 %。这些适应性措施提高了产量（5.8-6.2 %）和经济回报（13.8-14.7 %），尽管WPc下降了（13.1-14.5 %）。本研究提出了一种玉米综合管理策略，可同时优化河西走廊的粮食产量、WPc和经济回报，同时也为促进西北干旱灌溉农业生态系统的气候适应性农业实践提供了可扩展的方法框架。

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引用次数: 0

Editorial for the special issue on performance gaps of irrigation systems in Mediterranean agriculture 关于地中海农业灌溉系统性能差距的特刊社论

IF 6.5 1区农林科学 Q1 AGRONOMY

Agricultural Water Management

Pub Date : 2026-01-17 DOI: 10.1016/j.agwat.2025.110110

Gilles Belaud, Maria do Rosário Cameira, Kevin Daudin, Crystele Leauthaud

引用次数: 0

Changes in groundwater quality driven by anthropogenic pumping in oasis-desert systems of Northwest China 人为抽水驱动的西北绿洲-荒漠系统地下水水质变化

IF 6.5 1区农林科学 Q1 AGRONOMY

Agricultural Water Management

Pub Date : 2026-01-17 DOI: 10.1016/j.agwat.2026.110158

Naying Chai , Caixia Huang , Wei Liu , Meng Zhu , Yingqing Su , Xinjun Zheng , Shengchuan Tian , Zeyi Wang , Yuhui Chen , Xinwei Yin

Groundwater resources, both the quantity and quality, are vital to ecosystems and livelihoods in arid and semi-arid regions. Natural and anthropogenic activities greatly impact groundwater quality and stability, posing a potential threat to the ecological environment. Using hydrochemical diagramming and stable isotope tracing, the hydrochemical properties, recharge sources, transformation processes, and driving mechanisms of groundwater-surface water (rivers) were evaluated for the period between 2004 and 2024 in an oasis-desert system of northwest China. The groundwater and surface water (rivers) were slightly alkaline, with pH ranges of 6.90–8.40, and 6.94–7.84, respectively. Compared to 2004, groundwater electrical conductivity (4097.08 μS·cm⁻¹) and total dissolved solids (2622.13 mg·L⁻¹) increased in 2024, with salinization intensifying along groundwater flow paths. The surface water was mainly

HC O_{3}^{-} {- Ca}^{2 +}

type, while the groundwater was

{SO}_{4}^{2 -} - {Na}^{+}

,

{Cl}^{-} - {Na}^{+}

, and

{Cl}^{-} - {SO}_{4}^{2 -} - {Ca}^{2 +} - {Mg}^{2 +}

types. Abrupt changes in groundwater quality in oasis-desert systems were identified in 2009. The groundwater hydrochemical components were predominantly determined by cation exchange, rock weathering, and evaporation-crystallization. Mean values of

δ^{18} O

(

δ D

) in shallow and deep groundwater were −12.12 ‰ (−82.86 ‰) and −11.84 ‰ (−83.59 ‰), respectively. A close hydraulic connection exists between shallow and deep groundwater, thus pushing the latter to transform into shallow groundwater. Finite-element simulations indicate that as pumping rates increase and freshwater recharge decreases, groundwater quality deteriorates. The salinization range has expanded across the oasis-desert system, with the maximum distance extension toward the freshwater side reaching 26.32–55.26 %. Thus, it is recommended to control pumping rates to monitor groundwater deterioration.

地下水资源的数量和质量对干旱和半干旱地区的生态系统和生计至关重要。自然和人为活动严重影响地下水水质和稳定性，对生态环境构成潜在威胁。利用水化学图解和稳定同位素示踪技术，对2004 - 2024年中国西北绿洲-荒漠系统地下水-地表水（河）的水化学性质、补给源、转化过程和驱动机制进行了评价。地下水和地表水（河流）呈微碱性，pH值分别为6.90 ~ 8.40和6.94 ~ 7.84。与2004年相比，2024年地下水电导率（4097.08 μS·cm−1）和总溶解固形物（2622.13 mg·L−1）增加，沿地下水流道盐碱化加剧。地表水主要为HCO3−−Ca2+型，地下水主要为SO42−−Na+、Cl−−Na+和Cl−−SO42−Ca2+−Mg2+型。2009年，绿洲-沙漠系统地下水水质发生突变。地下水水化学成分主要由阳离子交换、岩石风化和蒸发结晶作用决定。浅层和深层地下水δ18O （δD）平均值分别为- 12.12‰（- 82.86‰）和- 11.84‰（- 83.59‰）。浅层地下水与深层地下水之间存在着紧密的水力联系，促使深层地下水向浅层地下水转化。有限元模拟表明，随着抽水速率的增加和淡水补给的减少，地下水水质恶化。盐渍化范围在整个绿洲-荒漠系统中不断扩大，向淡水侧的最大延伸距离达到26.32 ~ 55.26%。因此，建议控制抽水量以监测地下水的恶化情况。

{"title":"Changes in groundwater quality driven by anthropogenic pumping in oasis-desert systems of Northwest China","authors":"Naying Chai , Caixia Huang , Wei Liu , Meng Zhu , Yingqing Su , Xinjun Zheng , Shengchuan Tian , Zeyi Wang , Yuhui Chen , Xinwei Yin","doi":"10.1016/j.agwat.2026.110158","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.agwat.2026.110158","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Groundwater resources, both the quantity and quality, are vital to ecosystems and livelihoods in arid and semi-arid regions. Natural and anthropogenic activities greatly impact groundwater quality and stability, posing a potential threat to the ecological environment. Using hydrochemical diagramming and stable isotope tracing, the hydrochemical properties, recharge sources, transformation processes, and driving mechanisms of groundwater-surface water (rivers) were evaluated for the period between 2004 and 2024 in an oasis-desert system of northwest China. The groundwater and surface water (rivers) were slightly alkaline, with pH ranges of 6.90–8.40, and 6.94–7.84, respectively. Compared to 2004, groundwater electrical conductivity (4097.08 μS·cm<sup>−1</sup>) and total dissolved solids (2622.13 mg·L<sup>−1</sup>) increased in 2024, with salinization intensifying along groundwater flow paths. The surface water was mainly <span><math><mrow><mi>HC</mi><msubsup><mrow><mi>O</mi></mrow><mrow><mn>3</mn></mrow><mrow><mo>−</mo></mrow></msubsup><msup><mrow><mo>−</mo><mi>Ca</mi></mrow><mrow><mn>2</mn><mo>+</mo></mrow></msup></mrow></math></span> type, while the groundwater was <span><math><mrow><msubsup><mrow><mi>SO</mi></mrow><mrow><mn>4</mn></mrow><mrow><mn>2</mn><mo>−</mo></mrow></msubsup><mo>−</mo><msup><mrow><mi>Na</mi></mrow><mrow><mo>+</mo></mrow></msup></mrow></math></span>, <span><math><mrow><msup><mrow><mi>Cl</mi></mrow><mrow><mo>−</mo></mrow></msup><mo>−</mo><msup><mrow><mi>Na</mi></mrow><mrow><mo>+</mo></mrow></msup></mrow></math></span>, and <span><math><mrow><msup><mrow><mi>Cl</mi></mrow><mrow><mo>−</mo></mrow></msup><mo>−</mo><msubsup><mrow><mi>SO</mi></mrow><mrow><mn>4</mn></mrow><mrow><mn>2</mn><mo>−</mo></mrow></msubsup><mo>−</mo><msup><mrow><mi>Ca</mi></mrow><mrow><mn>2</mn><mo>+</mo></mrow></msup><mo>−</mo><msup><mrow><mi>Mg</mi></mrow><mrow><mn>2</mn><mo>+</mo></mrow></msup></mrow></math></span> types. Abrupt changes in groundwater quality in oasis-desert systems were identified in 2009. The groundwater hydrochemical components were predominantly determined by cation exchange, rock weathering, and evaporation-crystallization. Mean values of <span><math><mrow><msup><mrow><mi>δ</mi></mrow><mrow><mn>18</mn></mrow></msup><mi>O</mi></mrow></math></span> (<span><math><mrow><mi>δ</mi><mi>D</mi></mrow></math></span>) in shallow and deep groundwater were −12.12 ‰ (−82.86 ‰) and −11.84 ‰ (−83.59 ‰), respectively. A close hydraulic connection exists between shallow and deep groundwater, thus pushing the latter to transform into shallow groundwater. Finite-element simulations indicate that as pumping rates increase and freshwater recharge decreases, groundwater quality deteriorates. The salinization range has expanded across the oasis-desert system, with the maximum distance extension toward the freshwater side reaching 26.32–55.26 %. Thus, it is recommended to control pumping rates to monitor groundwater deterioration.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7634,"journal":{"name":"Agricultural Water Management","volume":"325 ","pages":"Article 110158"},"PeriodicalIF":6.5,"publicationDate":"2026-01-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145976456","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

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