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Effect of soil thickness on crop production and nitrogen loss in sloping land 土壤厚度对坡地作物产量和氮损失的影响
IF 5.9 1区 农林科学 Q1 AGRONOMY Pub Date : 2024-09-24 DOI: 10.1016/j.agwat.2024.109080
Haitao Liu , Jianhua Zhang , Shanghong Chen , Yujiao Dong , Jing Tian , Chaowen Lin
Soil thickness is a useful soil quality indicator. This study aimed to characterize the effects of soil thickness on crop yield and water and nitrogen loss in sloping land. A seven-year experiment was conducted in the purple soil sloping land of Southwest China, which included six soil thickness of 20, 40, 60, 80, 100 and 120 cm. The crop yield, surface runoff, leaching and nitrogen loss were measured. The results showed that the crop yield increased as soil thickness increased from 20 cm to 120 cm. Regression analysis showed that the yield of spring maize and summer maize plateaued when the soil thickness increased to 118 cm, and the yield of winter crops still increased with soil thickness when the soil thickness was more than 120 cm. The total runoff decreased as the soil thickness increased from 20 cm to 120 cm. The surface runoff, leaching and total runoff under 120 cm soil thickness were 50.4 %, 72.3 % and 65.8 % lower than those under 20 cm thickness. The nitrogen loss through leaching accounts for 97.5 % of the total nitrogen loss. The total nitrogen loss decreased with the increase of soil thickness, and the average annual total nitrogen loss in 20, 40, 60, 80, 100, 120 cm soil thickness were 36.6, 25.1, 21.5, 16.9, 10.5 and 7.2 kg ha−1, respectively. Regression analysis showed that the total runoff was efficiently reduced when soil thickness reached 160 cm, and the total nitrogen loss was efficiently reduced when soil thickness reached 140 cm. These critical soil thickness values provided references for the design of high-yield cropping systems and environment benefit evaluation in purple soil sloping land.
土壤厚度是一个有用的土壤质量指标。本研究旨在描述土壤厚度对坡耕地作物产量和水氮损失的影响。在中国西南紫色土坡耕地进行了为期七年的试验,包括 20、40、60、80、100 和 120 厘米六种土层厚度。对作物产量、地表径流、淋失量和氮素流失量进行了测定。结果表明,随着土壤厚度从 20 厘米增加到 120 厘米,作物产量也随之增加。回归分析表明,当土壤厚度增加到 118 厘米时,春玉米和夏玉米的产量趋于平稳,而当土壤厚度超过 120 厘米时,冬季作物的产量仍随土壤厚度的增加而增加。土壤厚度从 20 厘米增加到 120 厘米时,总径流量减少。与 20 厘米的土壤厚度相比,120 厘米土壤厚度下的地表径流、淋溶径流和总径流分别减少了 50.4%、72.3% 和 65.8%。渗滤造成的氮损失占总氮损失的 97.5%。总氮损失量随土壤厚度的增加而减少,20、40、60、80、100 和 120 厘米土壤厚度下的年平均总氮损失量分别为 36.6、25.1、21.5、16.9、10.5 和 7.2 千克/公顷。回归分析表明,当土壤厚度达到 160 厘米时,总径流量可有效减少;当土壤厚度达到 140 厘米时,总氮损失可有效减少。这些临界土壤厚度值为紫色土坡耕地的高产种植系统设计和环境效益评估提供了参考。
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引用次数: 0
Pharmaceutical and personal care products in recycled water for edible crop irrigation: Understanding the occurrence, crop uptake, and water quantity effects 用于食用作物灌溉的循环水中的药物和个人护理产品:了解发生、作物吸收和水量影响
IF 5.9 1区 农林科学 Q1 AGRONOMY Pub Date : 2024-09-24 DOI: 10.1016/j.agwat.2024.109047
Ananta Azad, Haizhou Liu
Global water scarcity poses a great challenge to agriculture productivity. Recycled water offers a promising alternative for agricultural irrigation, yet residual pharmaceutical and personal care products (PPCPs) in recycled water can transfer to edible crops during irrigation, and adversely affect food safety. Furthermore, irrigation water quantity can influence the accumulation of PPCPs in edible crops. This study comprehensively investigates the use of recycled water for agricultural irrigation by critically reviewing three key components: PPCPs occurrence in recycled water, their accumulation in edible crops, and the impact of water quantity on PPCPs accumulation. Literature analysis showed that PPCPs were present from 130 to 1400 ng/L in secondary effluent and 25–400 ng/L in tertiary effluent, with sulfamethoxazole being the most prevalent in both effluents. PPCPs uptake and accumulation varied between leafy and fruity vegetables, with diclofenac accumulating highest in leafy vegetables and fluoxetine in fruity vegetables. Furthermore, the water requirement of leafy and fruity crops vary throughout the growing season. In leafy vegetables, PPCPs accumulation in leaves is influenced by transpiration rate, with reduced accumulation occurring under limited water availability due to slower transpiration. In fruity vegetables, osmotic adjustment drives the water transport in fruits, leading to increased PPCPs accumulation under limited water conditions. This study contributes insights into PPCPs occurrence, accumulation, and irrigation water quantity, aiding in the development of effective strategies for recycled water use in agriculture.
全球缺水给农业生产带来了巨大挑战。再生水为农业灌溉提供了一种前景广阔的替代方案,但再生水中残留的药物和个人护理产品(PPCPs)会在灌溉过程中转移到可食用作物中,对食品安全造成不利影响。此外,灌溉水量也会影响 PPCPs 在可食用作物中的积累。本研究通过对三个关键部分进行严格审查,全面调查了农业灌溉中循环水的使用情况:循环水中 PPCPs 的存在、PPCPs 在可食用作物中的积累以及水量对 PPCPs 积累的影响。文献分析表明,PPCPs 在二级污水中的含量为 130-1400 纳克/升,在三级污水中的含量为 25-400 纳克/升,其中磺胺甲噁唑在这两种污水中的含量最高。叶菜和果菜对 PPCPs 的吸收和积累各不相同,叶菜中双氯芬酸的积累最高,果菜中氟西汀的积累最高。此外,叶菜类和果菜类作物在整个生长季节的需水量也各不相同。在叶菜类蔬菜中,PPCPs 在叶片中的积累受蒸腾速率的影响,在水分供应有限的情况下,由于蒸腾速度较慢,积累会减少。在果菜类蔬菜中,渗透调节驱动着果实中的水分运输,从而导致在有限的水分条件下增加 PPCPs 的积累。这项研究有助于深入了解 PPCPs 的发生、积累和灌溉水量,有助于制定农业循环水利用的有效策略。
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引用次数: 0
Appropriate water and fertilizer supply enhanced yield by promoting photosynthesis and growth of strawberries 适当的水肥供应可促进草莓的光合作用和生长,从而提高产量
IF 5.9 1区 农林科学 Q1 AGRONOMY Pub Date : 2024-09-24 DOI: 10.1016/j.agwat.2024.109074
Rongcheng Du , Yu Jiang , Rui Li , Dayong Li , Runjie Li , Xiaoqing Yang , Zhi Zhang
The supply of water and fertilizer influences the growth and photosynthesis of strawberries, thereby affecting the yield. To determine the optimal combination of irrigation and fertilizer, an experiment was conducted over two years in 2019 and 2020. The experiment included four irrigation levels (I1: 100 % ETc, I2: 85 % ETc, I3: 70 % ETc, I4: 55 % ETc) and three fertilization levels (F1: 120 % F0, F2: 100 % F0, F3: 80 % F0), forming a total of 12 treatments, where F0 represents the exact value determined using the target yield method. Irrigation significantly affected on all growth indicators at flowering and fruit setting (F) and harvesting (H) stages in 2019, and the interaction of irrigation and fertilization was significant on photosynthetic rate (Pn) at seedling (S) stage (S-Pn) and the final fruit dry matter accumulation (FDM) in both study seasons. I1F1 achieved the highest S-Pn, while I2 showed significant promotion on FDM, with its maximum value of I2F1 in 2019 and I2F2 in 2020. F2 exhibited significant advantages on root dry weight (RDW) at H stage (H-RDW), with I3F2 and I4F2 performing the best. Moreover, I1F1 and I2F1 exhibited significantly promotion in stomatal conductance (Gs) at S stage (S-Gs). Based on correlation and path analysis, six indicators affecting yield formation were identified (S-RDW, S-Pn, F-CHll, F-Pn, H-CHll, FDM), with FDM having the greatest direct effect on yield (Y). A comprehensive evaluation system was constructed by considering the growth process and final yield, and Y obtained the highest combined weight (0.432 in 2019 and 0.476 in 2020). I2F2 and I3F1 were consistently ranked the top three in both years based on the TOPSIS (Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution) evaluation model, indicating the combined irrigation and fertilizer of 70–85 % ETc with 100–120 % F0 can achieve optimal yield by promoting photosynthesis and growth of strawberries. This study can provide a theoretical basis for scientific water and fertilizer management of strawberries in arid and semi-arid regions.
水肥供应会影响草莓的生长和光合作用,从而影响产量。为了确定灌溉和施肥的最佳组合,我们在 2019 年和 2020 年进行了为期两年的试验。试验包括四个灌溉水平(I1:100 % ETc、I2:85 % ETc、I3:70 % ETc、I4:55 % ETc)和三个施肥水平(F1:120 % F0、F2:100 % F0、F3:80 % F0),共形成 12 个处理,其中 F0 代表使用目标产量法确定的精确值。灌溉对 2019 年开花坐果期(F)和采收期(H)的各项生长指标均有明显影响,灌溉与施肥的交互作用对两个研究季苗期光合速率(Pn)(S-Pn)和最终果实干物质积累(FDM)均有显著影响。I1F1的S-Pn最高,而I2对FDM有显著促进作用,I2F1的最大值出现在2019年,I2F2的最大值出现在2020年。F2 对 H 期根干重(RDW)有明显优势,其中 I3F2 和 I4F2 表现最好。此外,I1F1 和 I2F1 在 S 期的气孔导度(Gs)(S-Gs)上表现出明显的促进作用。根据相关性和路径分析,确定了影响产量形成的六个指标(S-RDW、S-Pn、F-CHll、F-Pn、H-CHll、FDM),其中 FDM 对产量(Y)的直接影响最大。通过考虑生长过程和最终产量,构建了一个综合评价体系,Y 获得了最高的综合权重(2019 年为 0.432,2020 年为 0.476)。根据TOPSIS(与理想解相似度排序偏好技术)评价模型,I2F2和I3F1在两年中均稳居前三名,表明70-85 % ETc与100-120 % F0的灌溉和施肥组合可通过促进草莓的光合作用和生长达到最佳产量。该研究可为干旱和半干旱地区草莓的科学水肥管理提供理论依据。
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引用次数: 0
Intercomparison of citrus evapotranspiration among eddy covariance, OpenET ensemble models, and the Water and Energy Balance Model (BAITSSS) 涡度协方差、OpenET 集合模型和水与能量平衡模型 (BAITSSS) 之间的柑橘蒸散量相互比较
IF 5.9 1区 农林科学 Q1 AGRONOMY Pub Date : 2024-09-24 DOI: 10.1016/j.agwat.2024.109066
Ramesh Dhungel , Ray G. Anderson , Andrew N. French , Todd H. Skaggs , Hoori Ajami , Dong Wang
Remote sensing-based surface energy balance algorithms have been used to estimate water use of various crops. However, citrus evapotranspiration (ET) estimation is challenging mainly due to evergreen leaves and a clumped canopy structure. In this study, we evaluated the performance of two methods for calculating ET: the ensemble of OpenET models, which are mostly satellite thermal-based models, and the BAITSSS water and energy balance model. Calculated ET was compared with (i.) eddy covariance (EC) ET measurements and (ii.) water received (irrigation plus precipitation) data for two citrus orchards in San Joaquin Valley, California. Polaris-based soil hydraulic properties and measured volumetric water content were used for BAITSSS parameterization and initialization, respectively. Sentinel-2 based NDVI was used for BAITSSS simulation. Results showed that annual ET based on the OpenET ensemble model (1169 mm) was on average 30 % larger (r2 ∼ 0.71, RMSE ∼ 1.16 mm) than both EC ET (908 mm) and water received (886 mm). The disparity mostly occurred in spring. BAITSSS, on the other hand, showed mixed results compared to observations (r2 ∼ 0.77, RMSE ∼ 0.94 mm). Both measured from EC and modeled ET from BAITSSS and ensemble OpenET values were below grass reference ET (ETo) for the majority of the simulation period. Soil moisture and water received data indicated the orchards may have been deficit irrigated. Overall, this study highlights the challenges of ET modeling in citrus orchards and the need for improved estimation of ET for this specialty crop.
基于遥感的地表能量平衡算法已被用于估算各种作物的用水量。然而,柑橘的蒸散量(ET)估算具有挑战性,这主要是因为柑橘叶片常绿且树冠结构丛生。在这项研究中,我们评估了两种计算蒸散发的方法的性能:OpenET 模型集合(主要是基于卫星的热模型)和 BAITSSS 水与能量平衡模型。计算得出的蒸散发与(i.)涡度协方差(EC)蒸散发测量数据和(ii.)加利福尼亚州圣华金河谷两个柑橘园的受水(灌溉加降水)数据进行了比较。基于北极星的土壤水力特性和测量的体积含水量分别用于 BAITSSS 参数化和初始化。基于 Sentinel-2 的 NDVI 被用于 BAITSSS 模拟。结果表明,基于 OpenET 集合模型的年蒸散发量(1169 毫米)比 EC 蒸散发量(908 毫米)和实测水分含量(886 毫米)平均大 30%(r2 ∼ 0.71,RMSE ∼ 1.16 毫米)。这种差异主要出现在春季。另一方面,BAITSSS 与观测结果(r2 ∼ 0.77,RMSE ∼ 0.94 毫米)相比,结果参差不齐。在模拟期间的大部分时间里,EC 值和 BAITSSS 及集合 OpenET 的模拟蒸散发值均低于草地参考蒸散发(ETo)。土壤水分和水分接收数据表明果园可能存在灌溉不足。总之,本研究强调了柑橘果园蒸散发模拟所面临的挑战,以及改进这种特殊作物蒸散发估算的必要性。
{"title":"Intercomparison of citrus evapotranspiration among eddy covariance, OpenET ensemble models, and the Water and Energy Balance Model (BAITSSS)","authors":"Ramesh Dhungel ,&nbsp;Ray G. Anderson ,&nbsp;Andrew N. French ,&nbsp;Todd H. Skaggs ,&nbsp;Hoori Ajami ,&nbsp;Dong Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.agwat.2024.109066","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.agwat.2024.109066","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Remote sensing-based surface energy balance algorithms have been used to estimate water use of various crops. However, citrus evapotranspiration (ET) estimation is challenging mainly due to evergreen leaves and a clumped canopy structure. In this study, we evaluated the performance of two methods for calculating ET: the ensemble of OpenET models, which are mostly satellite thermal-based models, and the BAITSSS water and energy balance model. Calculated ET was compared with (i.) eddy covariance (EC) ET measurements and (ii.) water received (irrigation plus precipitation) data for two citrus orchards in San Joaquin Valley, California. Polaris-based soil hydraulic properties and measured volumetric water content were used for BAITSSS parameterization and initialization, respectively. Sentinel-2 based NDVI was used for BAITSSS simulation. Results showed that annual ET based on the OpenET ensemble model (1169 mm) was on average 30 % larger (r<sup>2</sup> ∼ 0.71, RMSE ∼ 1.16 mm) than both EC ET (908 mm) and water received (886 mm). The disparity mostly occurred in spring. BAITSSS, on the other hand, showed mixed results compared to observations (r<sup>2</sup> ∼ 0.77, RMSE ∼ 0.94 mm). Both measured from EC and modeled ET from BAITSSS and ensemble OpenET values were below grass reference ET (ET<sub>o</sub>) for the majority of the simulation period. Soil moisture and water received data indicated the orchards may have been deficit irrigated. Overall, this study highlights the challenges of ET modeling in citrus orchards and the need for improved estimation of ET for this specialty crop.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7634,"journal":{"name":"Agricultural Water Management","volume":"304 ","pages":"Article 109066"},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2024-09-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0378377424004025/pdfft?md5=b2f3c4f39d2946e60f0af423dd715dcf&pid=1-s2.0-S0378377424004025-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142314426","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Assessment of waterlogging hazard during maize growth stage in the Songliao plain based on daily scale SPEI and SMAI 基于日尺度 SPEI 和 SMAI 的松辽平原玉米生长期内涝危害评估
IF 5.9 1区 农林科学 Q1 AGRONOMY Pub Date : 2024-09-24 DOI: 10.1016/j.agwat.2024.109081
Feng Zhi , Jiquan Zhang , Yuhai Bao , Yulong Bao , Zhenhua Dong , Zhijun Tong , Xingpeng Liu
Waterlogging is one of the major disasters affecting crop yield and food security. The Songliao Plain, located in the mid-latitude region and known as the "Golden Maize Belt," is severely impacted by waterlogging, which significantly affects maize yield. Therefore, it is essential to conduct a detailed assessment of the waterlogging hazard for maize in the Songliao Plain and to apply the results to agricultural meteorological disaster prevention and mitigation measures. In this study, a comprehensive waterlogging hazard assessment index was constructed by combining environmental factors conducive to disaster and disaster-causing factors. Environmental factors included terrain slope, distance from rivers, and soil clay content, while disaster-causing factors included daily SPEI and SMAI during the maize growing season in the Songliao Plain from 1982 to 2020. The results indicate that: (1) The spatial distribution of waterlogging hazard in the Songliao Plain ranges from extremely high to extremely low, showing a gradual decrease from west to east. The western and southern parts of the Songliao Plain, such as Baicheng, Songyuan, Changchun, and Fuxin, are more prone to waterlogging disasters. (2) During different maize growth stages, the spatial distribution of high and extremely high levels of waterlogging hazard exhibited significant heterogeneity. There were notable differences in the duration of waterlogging around the year 2000, with a reduction in the duration of extremely high and high levels of waterlogging after 2000. (3) A Pearson correlation analysis was conducted between the comprehensive waterlogging hazard index and SIF (Solar-Induced Fluorescence) data during different maize growth stages. The results showed a strong correlation between the comprehensive waterlogging hazard index and SIF data, with the highest correlation coefficient reaching −0.9 and a p-value less than 0.05. The comprehensive maize waterlogging hazard index can be used for precise and timely assessment of waterlogging hazard during different growth stages of maize, and it has a positive impact on improving the ability to prevent and mitigate waterlogging risks.
内涝是影响农作物产量和粮食安全的主要灾害之一。松辽平原地处中纬度地区,素有 "玉米黄金带 "之称,涝灾严重,对玉米产量影响很大。因此,有必要对松辽平原的玉米涝灾危害进行详细评估,并将评估结果应用于农业气象防灾减灾措施中。本研究结合有利于成灾的环境因子和致灾因子,构建了综合内涝灾害评估指数。环境因子包括地形坡度、与河流的距离和土壤粘土含量,致灾因子包括 1982-2020 年松辽平原玉米生长季节的日 SPEI 和日 SMAI。结果表明(1)松辽平原内涝灾害的空间分布从极高到极低,由西向东逐渐降低。松辽平原的西部和南部地区,如白城、松原、长春、阜新等地较易发生内涝灾害。(2)在玉米的不同生长阶段,高涝害和特大涝害的空间分布表现出明显的异质性。2000 年前后涝灾持续时间存在明显差异,2000 年后极重和重度涝灾持续时间缩短。(3) 对玉米不同生长阶段的涝害综合指数和 SIF(太阳诱导荧光)数据进行了皮尔逊相关分析。结果表明,综合涝害指数与 SIF 数据之间存在较强的相关性,最高相关系数达到-0.9,P 值小于 0.05。玉米涝害综合指数可用于准确、及时地评估玉米不同生长阶段的涝害危害,对提高防涝减灾能力具有积极意义。
{"title":"Assessment of waterlogging hazard during maize growth stage in the Songliao plain based on daily scale SPEI and SMAI","authors":"Feng Zhi ,&nbsp;Jiquan Zhang ,&nbsp;Yuhai Bao ,&nbsp;Yulong Bao ,&nbsp;Zhenhua Dong ,&nbsp;Zhijun Tong ,&nbsp;Xingpeng Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.agwat.2024.109081","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.agwat.2024.109081","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Waterlogging is one of the major disasters affecting crop yield and food security. The Songliao Plain, located in the mid-latitude region and known as the \"Golden Maize Belt,\" is severely impacted by waterlogging, which significantly affects maize yield. Therefore, it is essential to conduct a detailed assessment of the waterlogging hazard for maize in the Songliao Plain and to apply the results to agricultural meteorological disaster prevention and mitigation measures. In this study, a comprehensive waterlogging hazard assessment index was constructed by combining environmental factors conducive to disaster and disaster-causing factors. Environmental factors included terrain slope, distance from rivers, and soil clay content, while disaster-causing factors included daily SPEI and SMAI during the maize growing season in the Songliao Plain from 1982 to 2020. The results indicate that: (1) The spatial distribution of waterlogging hazard in the Songliao Plain ranges from extremely high to extremely low, showing a gradual decrease from west to east. The western and southern parts of the Songliao Plain, such as Baicheng, Songyuan, Changchun, and Fuxin, are more prone to waterlogging disasters. (2) During different maize growth stages, the spatial distribution of high and extremely high levels of waterlogging hazard exhibited significant heterogeneity. There were notable differences in the duration of waterlogging around the year 2000, with a reduction in the duration of extremely high and high levels of waterlogging after 2000. (3) A Pearson correlation analysis was conducted between the comprehensive waterlogging hazard index and SIF (Solar-Induced Fluorescence) data during different maize growth stages. The results showed a strong correlation between the comprehensive waterlogging hazard index and SIF data, with the highest correlation coefficient reaching −0.9 and a p-value less than 0.05. The comprehensive maize waterlogging hazard index can be used for precise and timely assessment of waterlogging hazard during different growth stages of maize, and it has a positive impact on improving the ability to prevent and mitigate waterlogging risks.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7634,"journal":{"name":"Agricultural Water Management","volume":"304 ","pages":"Article 109081"},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2024-09-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0378377424004177/pdfft?md5=ec8b96edb947a4336220e9bd0291236d&pid=1-s2.0-S0378377424004177-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142314429","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Estimation of corn nitrogen demand under different irrigation conditions based on UAV multispectral technology 基于无人机多光谱技术估算不同灌溉条件下的玉米氮需求量
IF 5.9 1区 农林科学 Q1 AGRONOMY Pub Date : 2024-09-24 DOI: 10.1016/j.agwat.2024.109075
Jiaming Duan , Daran R. Rudnick , Christopher A. Proctor , Derek Heeren , Hope Njuki Nakabuye , Abia Katimbo , Yeyin Shi , Victor de Sousa Ferreira
Integrating water and nitrogen (N) management is critical to addressing contemporary challenges in agricultural development. This research explored using multispectral sensors mounted on unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) to monitor N demand via the normalized difference red-edge (NDRE) vegetation index and consequently schedule fertigation. The experiment included eight treatments with four fertilizer levels under both excessive and full irrigation. The four fertilizer levels comprised: high reference treatment based on commercial lab soil tests, sensor-based treatment triggered by an NDRE saturation threshold of 0.95, deficit treatment with base rate at pre-plant and side-dress, and a control treatment without any N application. The performance of each treatment was evaluated through a comprehensive comparison of yield, water productivity (WP), and nitrogen use efficiency (NUE). The sufficiency index (SI) of sensor-based treatment plots reached a threshold of 0.95, allowing spatially variable adjustment of N application for optimal yield with reduced total N input. Reducing N fertilizer in sensor-based treatments resulted in a substantial reduction of 50 %-60 %, though it led to a yield loss up to 12 %. However, NUE parameters such as partial factor productivity, agronomic efficiency, recovery efficiency, and physiological efficiency improved with sensor-based treatments, alongside reduced N leaching. Combining sensor-based treatment with full irrigation demonstrated the best ecological return, showing relatively lower yield reduction but significant improvements in NUE and WP. Further research into economic returns, saturation threshold algorithms for SI, adaptability to diverse environments, and virtual saturation reference is recommended for the widespread adoption of UAV-based N split management among growers.
整合水氮(N)管理对于应对当代农业发展的挑战至关重要。这项研究探索了如何利用无人机(UAV)上安装的多光谱传感器,通过归一化差异红边(NDRE)植被指数监测氮需求量,从而安排施肥。实验包括在过量灌溉和充分灌溉条件下进行的四个肥料水平的八个处理。这四种肥料水平包括:基于商业实验室土壤测试的高参考处理、由 NDRE 饱和度阈值 0.95 触发的基于传感器的处理、在播种前和播种侧施用基肥的亏缺处理,以及不施用任何氮肥的对照处理。通过对产量、水分生产率(WP)和氮利用效率(NUE)进行综合比较,对每种处理的性能进行了评估。基于传感器的处理地块的充足指数(SI)达到了 0.95 的临界值,从而可以对氮肥施用量进行空间可变调整,在减少总氮肥投入的情况下获得最佳产量。在基于传感器的处理中减少氮肥用量可使产量大幅减少 50%-60%,但产量损失高达 12%。不过,氮利用效率参数(如部分要素生产率、农艺效率、回收效率和生理效率)在传感器处理中得到改善,同时减少了氮的沥滤。将传感器处理与全面灌溉相结合可获得最佳生态回报,减产幅度相对较低,但氮利用效率和可湿性粉剂却有显著提高。建议进一步研究经济回报、SI 饱和阈值算法、对不同环境的适应性以及虚拟饱和参考,以便在种植者中广泛采用基于无人机的氮分配管理。
{"title":"Estimation of corn nitrogen demand under different irrigation conditions based on UAV multispectral technology","authors":"Jiaming Duan ,&nbsp;Daran R. Rudnick ,&nbsp;Christopher A. Proctor ,&nbsp;Derek Heeren ,&nbsp;Hope Njuki Nakabuye ,&nbsp;Abia Katimbo ,&nbsp;Yeyin Shi ,&nbsp;Victor de Sousa Ferreira","doi":"10.1016/j.agwat.2024.109075","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.agwat.2024.109075","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Integrating water and nitrogen (N) management is critical to addressing contemporary challenges in agricultural development. This research explored using multispectral sensors mounted on unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) to monitor N demand via the normalized difference red-edge (NDRE) vegetation index and consequently schedule fertigation. The experiment included eight treatments with four fertilizer levels under both excessive and full irrigation. The four fertilizer levels comprised: high reference treatment based on commercial lab soil tests, sensor-based treatment triggered by an NDRE saturation threshold of 0.95, deficit treatment with base rate at pre-plant and side-dress, and a control treatment without any N application. The performance of each treatment was evaluated through a comprehensive comparison of yield, water productivity (WP), and nitrogen use efficiency (NUE). The sufficiency index (SI) of sensor-based treatment plots reached a threshold of 0.95, allowing spatially variable adjustment of N application for optimal yield with reduced total N input. Reducing N fertilizer in sensor-based treatments resulted in a substantial reduction of 50 %-60 %, though it led to a yield loss up to 12 %. However, NUE parameters such as partial factor productivity, agronomic efficiency, recovery efficiency, and physiological efficiency improved with sensor-based treatments, alongside reduced N leaching. Combining sensor-based treatment with full irrigation demonstrated the best ecological return, showing relatively lower yield reduction but significant improvements in NUE and WP. Further research into economic returns, saturation threshold algorithms for SI, adaptability to diverse environments, and virtual saturation reference is recommended for the widespread adoption of UAV-based N split management among growers.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7634,"journal":{"name":"Agricultural Water Management","volume":"304 ","pages":"Article 109075"},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2024-09-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0378377424004116/pdfft?md5=52a20510c8ebcf945d93b84c6d8684de&pid=1-s2.0-S0378377424004116-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142314425","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Optimizing Irrigation Systems for Water Efficiency and Groundwater Sustainability in the Coastal Nile Delta 优化灌溉系统,提高尼罗河沿岸三角洲的用水效率和地下水可持续性
IF 5.9 1区 农林科学 Q1 AGRONOMY Pub Date : 2024-09-23 DOI: 10.1016/j.agwat.2024.109064
Ismail Abd-Elaty , Elsayed M. Ramadan , Ibrahim A. Elbagory , Ahmed M. Nosair , Alban Kuriqi , Luis Garrote , Ashraf A. Ahmed
This study investigates the replacement of traditional surface irrigation methods with modern irrigation systems (MIS) including horizontal sprinkler, central pivot, surface drip, and subsurface drip aimed at improving water efficiency in the Nile Delta, Egypt. The primary objectives were to determine the optimal agricultural area for implementing MIS and to assess the effects of these systems on groundwater quantity and quality in the region. To achieve this, the LINDO software was employed to optimize land allocation for each irrigation method. At the same time, the SEAWAT code was utilized to simulate saltwater intrusion (SWI) in the Nile Delta aquifer. The transition from traditional surface irrigation to MIS resulted in significant water savings, reaching 2.15 × 10^9 m³. However, groundwater modeling indicated a decrease in groundwater levels, leading to an 8 % increase in aquifer salinity due to reduced infiltration of recharge water. These findings underscore the urgent need to revise outdated irrigation practices and enhance water management strategies in the Nile Delta to mitigate salinity issues in coastal aquifers. This research's outcomes are crucial for decision-makers and stakeholders in selecting appropriate irrigation methods, particularly in arid and semi-arid regions, to ensure sustainable water use and agricultural productivity.
本研究调查了用现代灌溉系统(MIS)(包括水平喷灌、中央枢纽、地表滴灌和地下滴灌)取代传统地表灌溉方法的情况,旨在提高埃及尼罗河三角洲的用水效率。主要目标是确定实施现代灌溉系统的最佳农业区,并评估这些系统对该地区地下水水量和水质的影响。为此,采用了 LINDO 软件来优化每种灌溉方法的土地分配。同时,利用 SEAWAT 代码模拟尼罗河三角洲含水层的盐水入侵(SWI)。从传统的地表灌溉过渡到水利灌溉系统后,节水效果显著,节水量达到 2.15 × 10^9 m³。然而,地下水模型显示,由于补给水的渗透减少,地下水位下降,导致含水层盐度上升 8%。这些研究结果突出表明,尼罗河三角洲迫切需要修改过时的灌溉方法,加强水资源管理战略,以缓解沿海含水层的盐度问题。这项研究的成果对于决策者和利益相关者选择适当的灌溉方法至关重要,尤其是在干旱和半干旱地区,以确保水资源的可持续利用和农业生产力。
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引用次数: 0
Small water bodies influence river water quality in agricultural watersheds 小水体对农业流域河流水质的影响
IF 5.9 1区 农林科学 Q1 AGRONOMY Pub Date : 2024-09-23 DOI: 10.1016/j.agwat.2024.109070
Wenying Liu , Sisi Li , Wangzheng Shen , Yanhua Zhuang , Xiaodong Li , Feng Ling , Liang Zhang
Small water bodies, such as ponds, are widely distributed in agricultural watersheds. They not only serve agricultural irrigation and drainage but also play a crucial role in reducing nitrogen and phosphorus in agricultural non-point source pollution and improving river water quality. However, the linkage between river water quality and the spatial distribution pattern of small water bodies is still unclear. In this study, an agricultural watershed, consisting of nine sub-watersheds and over 1800 ponds was selected, to evaluate the impact of small water body distribution on river water quality. Despite ponds account for less than 0.6 % of the sub-watershed area, they largely determine water quality variations. Specifically, sub-watersheds with lower connectivity among ponds and shorter distances between ponds and farmland exhibited better water quality. These two indicators alone explain more than 87 % variations of nutrient concentrations among the sub-watersheds. This indicates that dispersed ponds that are located close to farmlands serve as important sinks for pollutants in agricultural watersheds. In this study, we emphasize the importance of location of small water bodies in maintaining river water quality, which can provide crucial information for future agricultural watershed land use planning and the development of optimized strategies for water quality improvement.
池塘等小型水体广泛分布于农业流域。它们不仅服务于农业灌溉和排水,还在减少农业非点源污染中的氮和磷以及改善河流水质方面发挥着重要作用。然而,河流水质与小水体空间分布格局之间的联系仍不明确。本研究选择了一个由 9 个子流域和 1800 多个池塘组成的农业流域,以评估小水体分布对河流水质的影响。尽管池塘面积不到子流域面积的 0.6%,但它们在很大程度上决定了水质的变化。具体而言,池塘之间连通性较低、池塘与农田之间距离较短的子流域水质较好。仅这两项指标就能解释子流域间超过 87% 的营养物质浓度变化。这表明,靠近农田的分散池塘是农业流域污染物的重要吸收汇。在这项研究中,我们强调了小型水体的位置对维持河流水质的重要性,这可以为未来农业流域的土地利用规划和水质改善优化策略的制定提供重要信息。
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引用次数: 0
Soil moisture content estimation of drip-irrigated citrus orchard based on UAV images and machine learning algorithm in Southwest China 基于无人机图像和机器学习算法的西南地区滴灌柑橘园土壤含水量估算
IF 5.9 1区 农林科学 Q1 AGRONOMY Pub Date : 2024-09-21 DOI: 10.1016/j.agwat.2024.109069
Quanshan Liu , Zongjun Wu , Ningbo Cui , Shunsheng Zheng , Shidan Zhu , Shouzheng Jiang , Zhihui Wang , Daozhi Gong , Yaosheng Wang , Lu Zhao
<div><p>Soil moisture content (SMC), as a pivotal component in the energy and matter exchange processes within the soil-plant-atmosphere continuum, plays a crucial role in surface water dynamics, energy fluxes, and carbon cycling within ecosystems. The development of remote sensing technology has offered new perspectives for monitoring soil moisture at regional scales. Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV) equip with multispectral have distinct advantages for vegetation monitoring, including rapidity and cost-effectiveness, which has superior applicability and practicality. Therefore, in a 5a "Daya" late-maturing citrus orchard, the vegetation index (VI) and texture feature (TF) information of citrus canopy based on UAV multi-spectral images were extracted, and soil and plant analyzer development (SPAD) of citrus was collected. These different data sources were integrated into the framework of the random forest algorithm (RF) and genetic algorithm-optimized random forest (GA-RF) to evaluate the accuracy of surface SMC (SSMC) estimation in citrus orchard. The Biswas model was utilized to simulate the root zone SMC (RSMC). The spatiotemporal variations of SMC in citrus orchard were analyzed, and the potential of low-cost sensor-equipped drones in rapidly acquiring spatial and temporal distribution information of SMC at a large regional scale was explored. The results indicated that the GA-RF models outperformed the RF models in estimating citrus orchard SMC (with R<sup>2</sup> ranging from 0.502 to 0.949 and RMSE ranging from 0.552 % to 3.166 % for GA-RF, compared to R<sup>2</sup> ranging from 0.430 to 0.936 and RMSE ranging from 0.587 % to 3.449 % for the RF). The GA-RF models using VI+SPAD as inputs exhibited the best performance for SMC at depths of 5 cm, 10 cm, 20 cm and 40 cm (SMC5, SMC10, SMC20 and SMC40) across citrus growth stages (R<sup>2</sup> ranging from 0.793 to 0.949 at 5 cm, R<sup>2</sup> ranging from 0.702 to 0.938 at 10 cm, R<sup>2</sup> ranging from 0.714 to 0.927 at 20 cm). In bud bust to flowering, young fruit and fruit maturation stages (stage Ⅰ, ⅠⅠ and ⅠⅤ), all models demonstrated good accuracy in estimating SMC at depth of 10 cm (R<sup>2</sup> ranging from 0.567 to 0.908 in stage Ⅰ, with R<sup>2</sup> ranging from 0.681 to 0.916 in stage ⅠⅠ and R<sup>2</sup> ranging from 0.579 to 0.938 in stage ⅠⅤ). In fruit expansion stage (stage III), the models performed best in predicting SMC5 (R<sup>2</sup> ranging from 0.698 to 0.861). The Biswas model was constructed to simulate SMC40 by utilizing the inverted SMC10 and SMC20, thereby generating spatiotemporal distribution maps of SMC at different depths in citrus orchard. The SSMC was susceptible to environmental factors, exhibiting significant spatiotemporal heterogeneity. In summary, this study illustrated that the integration of multiple data sources into GA-RF enhanced the estimation performance of SMC at different growth stages of late-maturing citrus orchard in the Southwest China. Add
土壤水分含量(SMC)是土壤-植物-大气连续体中能量和物质交换过程的关键组成部分,在地表水动力学、能量通量和生态系统中的碳循环中发挥着至关重要的作用。遥感技术的发展为在区域范围内监测土壤水分提供了新的视角。配备多光谱设备的无人飞行器(UAV)在植被监测方面具有明显的优势,包括快速性和成本效益,具有更强的适用性和实用性。因此,在一个 5a "大雅 "晚熟柑橘园中,基于无人机多光谱图像提取了柑橘树冠的植被指数(VI)和纹理特征(TF)信息,并收集了柑橘的土壤和植物分析器发育(SPAD)信息。将这些不同的数据源整合到随机森林算法(RF)和遗传算法优化随机森林(GA-RF)的框架中,以评估柑橘果园表面 SMC(SSMC)估算的准确性。Biswas 模型用于模拟根区 SMC(RSMC)。分析了柑橘园中 SMC 的时空变化,并探讨了配备传感器的低成本无人机在大区域范围内快速获取 SMC 时空分布信息的潜力。结果表明,GA-RF 模型在估计柑橘果园 SMC 方面优于 RF 模型(GA-RF 的 R2 为 0.502 至 0.949,RMSE 为 0.552 % 至 3.166 %,而 RF 的 R2 为 0.430 至 0.936,RMSE 为 0.587 % 至 3.449 %)。使用 VI+SPAD 作为输入的 GA-RF 模型在柑橘各生长阶段的 5 厘米、10 厘米、20 厘米和 40 厘米深度(SMC5、SMC10、SMC20 和 SMC40)的 SMC 方面表现最佳(5 厘米深度的 R2 为 0.793 到 0.949,10 厘米深度的 R2 为 0.702 到 0.938,20 厘米深度的 R2 为 0.714 到 0.927)。在花芽分化期、幼果期和果实成熟期(Ⅰ、ⅠⅠ和ⅠⅤ期),所有模型在估计 10 厘米深度的 SMC 时都表现出良好的准确性(在 5 厘米深度 R2 为 0.567 至 0.908)。Ⅰ期的 R2 为 0.681 至 0.916,ⅠⅤ期的 R2 为 0.579 至 0.938)。在果实膨大期(Ⅲ期),模型在预测 SMC5 方面表现最佳(R2 为 0.698 至 0.861)。Biswas 模型利用倒置的 SMC10 和 SMC20 来模拟 SMC40,从而生成柑橘园不同深度的 SMC 时空分布图。SSMC 易受环境因素影响,表现出明显的时空异质性。总之,本研究表明,将多种数据源集成到 GA-RF 中可提高对中国西南地区晚熟柑橘果园不同生长阶段 SMC 的估计性能。此外,它还实现了对 SMC 时空变化的快速高效监测,为精准灌溉和提高用水效率提供了有效方法和实用基础。
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引用次数: 0
Water-agriculture-ecology nexus synergetic management based on spatiotemporal equilibrium and water transformation: A case study in Aksu River Basin, China 基于时空平衡和水转化的水-农业-生态关系协同管理:中国阿克苏河流域案例研究
IF 5.9 1区 农林科学 Q1 AGRONOMY Pub Date : 2024-09-16 DOI: 10.1016/j.agwat.2024.109061
Taishan Wang , Xiaoling Su , Haijiang Wu

The temporal variability and spatial heterogeneity characteristics of the water-agriculture-ecology (WAE) nexus system have aggravated the difficulties in its synergetic management. Besides, in the inland river basin, the surface water and groundwater are tightly linked by the combination of canal and well irrigation. To address these issues, a spatiotemporal equilibrium-water transformation based water-agriculture-ecology nexus synergetic management (SEWT-WAE) model was proposed by incorporating a spatio-temporal robust optimization method and linear water transformation model. The SEWT-WAE model was then applied to the Aksu River Basin, an inland river basin of Xinjiang, China. The results indicated that the SEWT-WAE model was highly effective in achieving spatiotemporal equilibrium in groundwater balance and ecological water utilization, as well as in the integrated management of surface water and groundwater across upstream and downstream regions. The optimal synergetic management scheme was obtained based on the coordinated development degree. Compared to the current situation: (i) the irrigation amount provided by the surface water (groundwater) in the Tabei (Tanan) irrigation district was increased (decreased) by 21.4 % (70.2 %); (ii) the irrigated areas of grain crops and gardens were increased by 30.4 % and 20.1 %, respectively, while the irrigated area of cotton was decreased by 19.4 %; (iii) the ecological water utilization of the Populus euphratica forest was increased by 17.81 %. Overall, this study presents a new optimization model for achieving spatiotemporal equilibrium and conjunctive use of surface water and groundwater and provides decision support for WAE nexus synergetic management in the inland river basin.

水-农业-生态(WAE)关系系统在时间上的多变性和空间上的异质性加剧了协同管理的难度。此外,在内陆河流域,由于渠灌和井灌相结合,地表水和地下水紧密相连。针对这些问题,结合时空鲁棒优化方法和线性水转换模型,提出了基于时空平衡-水转换的水-农业-生态关系协同管理(SEWT-WAE)模型。然后将 SEWT-WAE 模型应用于中国新疆内陆河流域阿克苏河流域。结果表明,SEWT-WAE 模型在实现地下水时空平衡和生态用水以及上下游地表水和地下水综合治理方面非常有效。在协调发展程度的基础上,得到了最优的协同管理方案。与现状相比:(i) 塔北(塔南)灌区地表水(地下水)灌溉量增加(减少)了 21.4%(70.2%);(ii) 粮食作物和园林灌溉面积分别增加了 30.4%和 20.1%,棉花灌溉面积减少了 19.4%;(iii) 胡杨林生态用水量增加了 17.81%。总之,本研究为实现地表水和地下水的时空平衡和联合利用提出了一个新的优化模型,为内陆河流域的 WAE 关系协同管理提供了决策支持。
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Agricultural Water Management
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