Agricultural Water Management最新文献_第3页

Long-term biochar addition improves post-rice wheat production by ameliorating soil mechanical impedance and moisture condition as well as promoting root growth 长期添加生物炭通过改善土壤机械阻抗和水分条件以及促进根系生长来提高稻后小麦产量

IF 6.5 1区农林科学 Q1 AGRONOMY

Agricultural Water Management

Pub Date : 2026-01-31 DOI: 10.1016/j.agwat.2026.110200

Zhi Wang , Wei Ma , Yunfei Lu , Xinyu Liu , Jiawen Han , Xinxin Ye

Biochar has been widely applied as an efficiency soil additive to modify the quality of cultivated field. However, the effects of long-term biochar addition on spatial and temporal dynamics of soil compaction, and the changes in soil moisture condition and plant root growth remain unclear. Hence, an eight-year (2015/16–2023/24) consecutive field experiment on wheat was conducted in the subtropical humid region of east China, using three treatments: no N fertilizer (PK), chemical fertilizer (NPK), NPK plus biochar (5 t ha⁻¹ yr⁻¹, NPKB). Relative to NPK, across nine growing seasons of wheat, NPKB decreased the soil bulk density by 0.019 and 0.013 units (g cm⁻³ yr⁻¹), and decreased the soil penetration resistance by 0.028 and 0.015 units (MPa yr⁻¹) in 0–10 cm and 10–20 cm depths, respectively. Biochar addition improved soil water content from seeding to flowering, increased wheat root distribution during the whole growth period, and enhanced soil N supply capacity by promoting N adsorption, which gave rise to greater biomass and N accumulation and more biomass allocation in grain. As a result, NPKB increased wheat yield by 14.8 %, N recovery efficiency by 55.1 %, and crop water productivity by 14.9 %, relative to NPK, on average across four growing seasons of wheat. Therefore, long-term biochar addition has potential to substantially increase grain yield of post-rice wheat, water productivity, and N recovery efficiency. Hence, for the sustainable intensification cropping in the long-run, successive biochar addition could be a finable management for wheat production on the rainfed Yangtze River Region of China.

生物炭作为一种改良耕地品质的有效土壤添加剂已得到广泛应用。然而，长期添加生物炭对土壤压实的时空动态、土壤水分状况和植物根系生长的影响尚不清楚。为此，在中国东部亚热带湿润地区进行了为期8年（2015/16-2023/24）的小麦连续田间试验，采用无氮肥（PK）、化肥（NPK）、氮磷钾加生物炭（5 t ha - 1 yr - 1， NPKB） 3种处理。与氮磷钾相比，在小麦的9个生长季节，氮磷钾在0-10 cm和10-20 cm深度分别使土壤容重降低0.019和0.013个单位（g cm−3 yr−1），土壤渗透阻力降低0.028和0.015个单位（MPa yr−1）。添加生物炭提高了小麦苗期至开花期土壤水分含量，增加了小麦全生育期根系分布，并通过促进氮素吸附增强了土壤供氮能力，从而增加了小麦生物量和氮素积累，增加了籽粒生物量分配。结果表明，相对于氮磷钾，氮素恢复效率提高14.8% %，作物水分生产力提高14.9% %，小麦四个生长季节的平均产量提高55.1% %。因此，长期添加生物炭具有显著提高稻后小麦籽粒产量、水分生产力和氮素恢复效率的潜力。因此，从长期可持续集约化种植的角度来看，连续添加生物炭可能是中国长江雨养地区小麦生产的一种适宜的管理方法。

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引用次数: 0

Northward expansion of multiple cropping systems exacerbates agricultural water stress 向北扩展的复种制加剧了农业用水压力

IF 6.5 1区农林科学 Q1 AGRONOMY

Agricultural Water Management

Pub Date : 2026-01-30 DOI: 10.1016/j.agwat.2026.110195

Linghui Li, Qingming Wang, Shan Jiang, Yong Zhao, Haihong Li

Rising temperature promotes the expansion and shift of multiple cropping systems (CS), which increases food production while consuming more water, thereby having a disadvantage on water-scarce areas. But there exists a dearth of research on the quantitative mechanism. Here we used satellite observations combined with topography-based climate modes to analyze the spatial and temporal changes of CS in the Huang–Huai–Hai River Basin during the historical (2001–2022) and future (2050) periods, then quantified its impact on different agricultural water variables based on a grid-cellularized crop growth model. The results show that 43.86 % of the cultivated land (256.5 thousand km²) exhibited an increase in CS over the past 22 years, mainly reflected in the shift from single CS to double CS in the lower reaches of the Yellow River Basin and the Huai River Basin. This change enhanced the crops’ water productivity by 11.7 % while increasing the agricultural water consumption by 15.6 % and reducing the soil water content by 7.2 %. In the future, multiple CS will further expand northward in 2050 with a maximum increasing area of 199.8 thousand km², which will lead to an irrigation water deficit of 20.6 billion m³, approximately equivalent to 2 times the volume of water diverted along the central route of the South-to-North Water Diversion Project. Our results suggest that the planting structure of CS should be rationally arranged for food-water security under global warming especially in the northern regions.

气温上升促进了复种制（CS）的扩大和转变，这增加了粮食产量，同时消耗了更多的水，因此对缺水地区不利。但对其定量机制的研究还很缺乏。本文利用卫星观测资料结合地形气候模式，分析了黄淮海流域历史（2001-2022年）和未来（2050年）CS的时空变化，并基于网格细胞化作物生长模型量化了CS对不同农业用水变量的影响。结果表明：近22 a来，43.86%（ %）的耕地（25.65万km2）的耕地耕地耕地耕地的耕地耕地面积呈现出耕地耕地耕地面积的增加趋势，主要表现为黄河、淮河下游耕地耕地面积由单一耕地面积向双耕地面积的转变；这一变化使作物水分生产力提高了11.7% %，而农业耗水量增加了15.6% %，土壤含水量减少了7.2% %。未来，多个CS将进一步向北扩展，到2050年最大增加面积为19.8万km2，这将导致206亿m3的灌溉亏水量，大约相当于南水北调中线引水量的2倍。研究结果表明，在全球变暖背景下，为保障粮食水安全，特别是北方地区应合理安排玉米种植结构。

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引用次数: 0

Drip irrigation-mediated application of multi-walled carbon nanotubes and Bacillus subtilis improves maize salt tolerance in saline agricultural ecosystems 滴灌介导的多壁碳纳米管和枯草芽孢杆菌的应用提高了盐碱化农业生态系统中玉米的耐盐性

IF 6.5 1区农林科学 Q1 AGRONOMY

Agricultural Water Management

Pub Date : 2026-01-30 DOI: 10.1016/j.agwat.2026.110192

Yi Liu , Wenzhi Zeng , Chang Ao , Yutian Zuo , Ying Luo , Zhen Li

Soil salinization impairs fertility and reduces crop productivity across more than 6 % of the world’s arable land. Traditional remediation approaches, like chemical amendments, are often costly and involve ecological compromises. This study investigates an innovative nano-bio strategy that integrates multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) with Bacillus subtilis (B. subtilis) under drip irrigation to boost maize tolerance in saline environments. Germination tests and field studies were conducted in soils treated with 50 mM NaCl. The results from four comparative treatments revealed that MWCNTs markedly improved seed germination (achieving 52 % by day two versus 24 % in controls) and enhanced root elongation by 52.36 %. These effects were linked to the upregulation of key ion transporters (ZmSKOR). Furthermore, MWCNTs application enhanced the expression of aquaporin genes ZmPIP1;1 and ZmPIP2;1. Although B. subtilis alone had a minimal impact on germination, its combination with MWCNTs fostered stronger soil-microbe-nanomaterial interactions under drip irrigation. This synergy increased maize yield by 20.6 %, raised the 1000-grain weight by 3.08 %, lowered the leaf Na⁺/K⁺ ratio by 19.93 %, and improved antioxidant defense mechanisms, such as a 10.44 % rise in SOD activity. Importantly, while MWCNTs alone decreased soil nitrogen in non-saline conditions, adding B. subtilis helped rebalance nutrients, an effect that was reinforced by the uniform distribution provided by drip irrigation. The mechanism involves improved nutrient assimilation, better stomatal control, and reduced reactive oxygen species under salt stress. These findings indicate that the MWCNTs and B. subtilis act synergistically with drip irrigation via molecular soil-root interactions to mitigate salt toxicity. This integrated approach, which combines nanotechnology, microbiome engineering, and water-efficient irrigation, offers a sustainable and effective solution for reclaiming saline soils and advancing stress-resistant agriculture.

土壤盐碱化损害了全球60%以上可耕地的肥力，降低了作物生产力。传统的补救方法，如化学修正，往往是昂贵的，并涉及生态妥协。本研究研究了一种创新的纳米生物策略，该策略将多壁碳纳米管（MWCNTs）与枯草芽孢杆菌（B. subtilis）在滴灌下结合，以提高玉米在盐水环境中的耐受性。在50 mM NaCl处理的土壤中进行了发芽试验和田间研究。四个比较处理的结果显示，MWCNTs显著提高了种子萌发率（第2天达到52% %，而对照组为24% %），并使根伸长率提高了52.36% %。这些效应与关键离子转运体（ZmSKOR）的上调有关。此外，MWCNTs的应用增强了水通道蛋白基因ZmPIP1的表达；1、ZmPIP2；虽然枯草芽孢杆菌单独对种子萌发的影响很小，但在滴灌条件下，与MWCNTs结合可促进土壤-微生物-纳米材料的更强相互作用。这种协同作用使玉米产量提高20.6 %，千粒重提高3.08 %，使叶片Na + /K +比降低19.93 %，并改善抗氧化防御机制，如SOD活性提高10.44 %。重要的是，虽然MWCNTs单独降低了非盐碱化条件下的土壤氮，但添加枯草芽孢杆菌有助于重新平衡养分，滴灌提供的均匀分布强化了这一效果。其机制包括在盐胁迫下改善养分同化、改善气孔控制和减少活性氧。这些发现表明，MWCNTs和枯草芽孢杆菌通过分子土壤-根相互作用与滴灌协同作用，以减轻盐毒性。这种综合方法结合了纳米技术、微生物组工程和节水灌溉，为开垦盐碱地和推进抗逆性农业提供了一种可持续和有效的解决方案。

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引用次数: 0

Impact of irrigation and nitrogen application strategies on cotton yield, agronomic nitrogen use efficiency, and environmental nitrogen fate 灌溉和施氮策略对棉花产量、农艺氮利用效率和环境氮命运的影响

IF 6.5 1区农林科学 Q1 AGRONOMY

Agricultural Water Management

Pub Date : 2026-01-28 DOI: 10.1016/j.agwat.2026.110194

Zhen Luo , Wei Tang , Xiyuan Duan , Hequan Lu , Cundong Li , Liantao Liu , Xiangqiang Kong

This study evaluated the impacts of different irrigation-nitrogen (N) application strategies and N application rates on cotton growth and yield, agronomic N use efficiency (ANUE), and fertilizer-N fate in arid region. A split-plot design was employed to compare traditional irrigation and N application (TIN) with alternate partial root-zone irrigation combined with root-zone fertilization (ADI-RZF), under three N rates (0, 220, and 275 kg ha⁻¹). The results revealed that the seed cotton yield, harvest index (HI), ANUE, irrigation water productivity (WP_I) and fertilizer N recovery efficiency (FNRE) significantly increased under the ADI-RZF treatment relative to TIN. The expression of nitrate transporter genes (GhNRT1.1 and GhNRT1.5) was upregulated by 2.3- and 2.7-fold in hydrated root zones under ADI-RZF, explaining the 34.7–52.9 % enhancement in FNRE. At N_220, the optimized ADI-RZF system achieved 95 % of the maximum yield potential (equivalent to the N₂₇₅ yield under ADI-RZF), while it reduced N input by 20 % and lowered the fertilizer N loss rate (FNLR) by 38.5–42.7 % compared to TIN at equivalent N rates. This reduction is attributed to the spatially targeted N placement in ADI-RZF, which minimized the soil residual N by 11.9–30.3 % through enhanced root foraging precision. In conclusion, ADI-RZF at the N₂₂₀ rate represents a sustainable strategy for cotton production in arid regions such as Xinjiang, China, effectively balancing high yield with a reduced environmental N footprint.

研究了不同灌溉施氮策略和施氮量对干旱区棉花生长和产量、氮素农艺利用效率（ANUE）和肥氮命运的影响。在3种施氮量（0、220和275 kg ha⁻¹）下，采用分块设计比较传统灌溉施氮（TIN）与部分根区灌溉加根区施肥（ADI-RZF）。结果表明，与TIN相比，ADI-RZF处理显著提高了籽棉产量、收获指数（HI）、ANUE、灌溉水生产力（WPI）和氮肥恢复效率（FNRE）。硝酸盐转运基因（GhNRT1.1和GhNRT1.5）在水合根区表达上调了2.3倍和2.7倍，这解释了在ADI-RZF作用下，FNRE中硝酸盐转运基因（GhNRT1.1和GhNRT1.5）表达增加34.7-52.9 %。在氮素水平为220时，优化后的ADI-RZF系统达到了最高产量潜力的95 %（相当于ADI-RZF下的N275产量），与同等氮素水平下的TIN相比，氮素投入减少了20 %，氮肥损失率（FNLR）降低了38.5-42.7 %。这主要归因于ADI-RZF的空间定向施氮，通过提高根系觅食精度，使土壤残氮减少11.9-30.3 %。综上所述，N220速率下的ADI-RZF是中国新疆等干旱地区棉花生产的可持续策略，可以有效地平衡高产和减少环境氮足迹。

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引用次数: 0

Coupled effects of meteorological and irrigation factors differentiate spatiotemporal variability and seasonal fluctuations of groundwater levels 气象和灌溉因子的耦合作用区分了地下水位的时空变化和季节波动

IF 6.5 1区农林科学 Q1 AGRONOMY

Agricultural Water Management

Pub Date : 2026-01-28 DOI: 10.1016/j.agwat.2026.110196

Qize Gao , Jingsi Zhu , Long Sun , Wentan Chen , Yong Zhang , Bo Liu , Chengpeng Lu

Given the scarcity of groundwater resources in the North China Plain (NCP) – a region important to both ecological integrity and socioeconomic development – understanding the spatiotemporal evolution and seasonal fluctuations of groundwater levels (GWLs) helps support effective groundwater management. This study integrates the Self-Organizing Map (SOM), an improved Innovative Trend Analysis (ITA), the Geographically Weighted Regression (GWR) model, and the Seasonal AutoRegressive Integrated Moving Average with eXogenous regressors (SARIMAX) model to analyze GWL variations in the NCP affected by meteorological and irrigation factors from 2018 to 2023. Winter wheat irrigation was estimated based on daily water stress factors, and spring irrigation demand across the region was effectively quantified. The results reveal significant spatial variability in GWLs, with levels generally higher in the northeast and lower in the southwest. The improved ITA method shows that the shallow GWLs rose by 26% and 39% in the low and high value parts and the deep GWLs rose by 11% and 20% in the low and high value parts, respectively. This indicates an overall upward trend in GWLs across the NCP. Shallow aquifers exhibit greater sensitivity to environmental changes and increasing spatial heterogeneity, while deep aquifers are relatively stable, with decreasing spatial variability. Quantitative analysis using the GWR model confirms that precipitation is the main source of groundwater recharge, while potential evaporation and irrigation are the main causes of discharge. Spring irrigation, in particular, exerts a strong influence on shallow aquifer GWLs. The SARIMAX model further demonstrates clear seasonal patterns in GWLs, highlighting the lagged effects of different influencing factors. Precipitation and irrigation are identified as the dominant drivers of seasonal groundwater fluctuations in the NCP. These findings provide useful insights for improving the prediction and adaptive management of groundwater resources in the region.

华北平原是一个对生态完整性和社会经济发展具有重要意义的地区，由于地下水资源的稀缺性，了解地下水位的时空演变和季节波动有助于有效的地下水管理。利用自组织图（SOM）、改进的创新趋势分析（ITA）、地理加权回归（GWR）模型和季节自回归综合移动平均与外生回归（SARIMAX）模型，分析了2018 - 2023年受气象和灌溉因子影响的中国西北大区GWL变化。基于日水分胁迫因子对冬小麦灌溉进行估算，有效量化了区域春灌需求。结果表明，全球暖化指数存在显著的空间变异性，总体表现为东北高、西南低。改进后的ITA方法显示，低、高值区浅层gwl分别上升26%和39%，低、高值区深层gwl分别上升11%和20%。这表明在全国范围内，gwl总体呈上升趋势。浅层含水层对环境变化的敏感性更强，空间异质性增加，而深层含水层相对稳定，空间变异性减小。利用GWR模型进行定量分析，证实降水是地下水补给的主要来源，潜在蒸发和灌溉是径流的主要原因。特别是春灌对浅层含水层的gwl影响较大。SARIMAX模型进一步揭示了gwl的明显季节特征，突出了不同影响因子的滞后效应。降水和灌溉被确定为NCP地下水季节性波动的主要驱动因素。这些发现为改善该地区地下水资源的预测和适应性管理提供了有益的见解。

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引用次数: 0

Modeling crop suitability for rewetting landscapes in the Netherlands across present and future climate scenarios 模拟荷兰当前和未来气候情景下作物对再湿润景观的适应性

IF 6.5 1区农林科学 Q1 AGRONOMY

Agricultural Water Management

Pub Date : 2026-01-27 DOI: 10.1016/j.agwat.2026.110190

Ruben T. Brouwer , Kim C.I. van Etten , Perry G.B. de Louw , Jakob Wallinga , Julian Helfenstein

Draining peatlands and other wetlands for agricultural use triggers several environmental problems, including greenhouse gas emissions, land subsidence, and biodiversity loss. Paludiculture, farming on rewetted land, is a strategy that can help restore some of the natural functions of wetlands while maintaining agricultural use. However, little is known about where paludiculture is feasible or with which crops. In this study, we address this knowledge gap by assessing the biophysical suitability of 12 potential paludicultural crops for the Netherlands. Selected crops include both native wetland crops as well as East Asian paddy crops. We first identified areas with potential for paludiculture based on groundwater levels, seepage and available water capacity. Around a quarter of the Netherlands has the hydrological potential for paludiculture. We then successfully expanded the crop suitability model EcoCrop (Hijmans et al., 2001) with a water balance function. Our study shows that current (drained) conditions limit suitability for many paludicultural crops. However, under raised water conditions most investigated crops—including cattail (Typha latifolia and angustifolia), reed (Phragmites australis), reed canary grass (Phalaris arundinacea), barnyard grass (Echinochloa crus-galli), rice (Oryza sativa), water cress (Nasturtium officinale), European blueberry (Vaccinium myrtillus), water spinach (Ipomoea aquatica), and cranberry (Vaccinium macrocarpon)--were predicted to have at least moderate suitability in some parts of the Netherlands. The impact of climate change on the suitability of the selected crops was minimal, with 8 out of 12 crops experiencing no relevant change in mean suitability; however some East Asian crops will benefit from temperature increase. Our findings complement existing field trials with paludicultural crops by providing the first spatial paludicultural suitability analysis on a national scale. These results support evidence-based discussions on the potential of paludiculture in temperate lowland areas, not only in the Netherlands but also surrounding regions.

排干泥炭地和其他湿地用于农业会引发一些环境问题，包括温室气体排放、地面沉降和生物多样性丧失。在复湿土地上耕作的古农业是一种策略，可以帮助恢复湿地的一些自然功能，同时保持农业用途。然而，很少有人知道在哪里可以进行农耕，或者用什么作物种植。在这项研究中，我们通过评估12种潜在的荷兰农业作物的生物物理适宜性来解决这一知识差距。所选作物既包括本地湿地作物，也包括东亚水稻作物。我们首先根据地下水位、渗水情况和可用水量确定了具有古农业潜力的地区。荷兰大约有四分之一的土地具有种植古农业的水文潜力。然后，我们成功地扩展了作物适宜性模型EcoCrop （Hijmans等人，2001）的水分平衡功能。我们的研究表明，目前的（排水）条件限制了许多古农业作物的适宜性。然而，在升高的水分条件下，大多数被调查的作物——包括香蒲（Typha latifolia和angustifolia）、芦苇（Phragmites australis）、芦苇金丝雀草（Phalaris arundinacea）、稗草（Echinochloa crusgalli）、水稻（Oryza sativa）、水芥（Nasturtium officinale）、欧洲蓝莓（Vaccinium myrtillus）、水菠菜（Ipomoea aquatica）和蔓越莓（Vaccinium macrocarpon）——预计在荷兰的某些地区至少具有中等的适宜性。气候变化对所选作物适宜性的影响很小，12种作物中有8种的平均适宜性没有相关变化；然而，一些东亚作物将受益于气温升高。我们的发现通过在全国范围内提供第一个空间古农业适宜性分析，补充了现有的古农业作物田间试验。这些结果支持以证据为基础的讨论温带低地地区古农业的潜力，不仅在荷兰，而且在周边地区。

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引用次数: 0

Impact of the soil freeze-thaw process on runoff generation and water balance in an alpine region of the northeast Qinghai-Tibet plateau 青藏高原东北高寒地区土壤冻融过程对产流和水分平衡的影响

IF 6.5 1区农林科学 Q1 AGRONOMY

Agricultural Water Management

Pub Date : 2026-01-27 DOI: 10.1016/j.agwat.2026.110191

Linshan Yang , Jingru Wang , Tiaoxue Lu , Wanghan He , Xingyi Zou , Honghua Xia , Raffaele Albano , Bogdan Ozga-Zielinski , Jan Adamowski , Qi Feng

The soil freeze-thaw process profoundly influences runoff generation through complex and interconnected mechanisms, yet its quantitative impact remains poorly understood, particularly across different vegetation types and elevations. Addressing this issue is critical for improving hydrological predictions in cold regions. In this study, we established an integrated atmosphere-vegetation-soil observation system across varying elevations and vegetation types in the Qilian Mountains (QLM) and employed the Simultaneous Heat and Water (SHAW) model to quantitatively assess soil hydrothermal dynamics and runoff generation during different freeze-thaw stages from 2015 to 2023. The results demonstrate that the SHAW model could accurately simulate soil hydrothermal processes across all vegetation types (NSE > 0.80 for soil temperature; NSE > 0.69 for soil moisture) in an alpine region. Soil water content and water balance components varied significantly across both freeze-thaw stages and vegetation types. There was almost no surface runoff formed in desert steppe and mountainous steppe, and deep seepage was also low. In contrast, shrub meadow exhibited substantial deep seepage (89.29 mm) during the completely thawed stage and could be a major source of recharging to streamflow. The major water fluxes for the four vegetation types occurred during thawing and completely thawed stages, dominated by evapotranspiration. Evapotranspiration accounted for 93 %, 94 %, 81 %, and 62 % of annual precipitation in desert steppe, mountainous steppe, coniferous forest, and shrub meadow, respectively. While the component of evapotranspiration differed, it was dominated by soil evaporation in desert steppe (79 % of total ET) and mountainous steppe (92 %), and by vegetation transpiration in coniferous forest (59 %) and shrub meadow (78 %). These findings offer critical insights into water partitioning within the soil-vegetation-atmosphere continuum, enabling more accurate predictions of streamflow and water availability in alpine regions.

土壤冻融过程通过复杂和相互关联的机制深刻地影响径流生成，但其定量影响仍然知之甚少，特别是在不同植被类型和海拔之间。解决这一问题对于改善寒冷地区的水文预测至关重要。本研究在祁连山地区建立了不同海拔和不同植被类型的大气-植被-土壤综合观测系统，采用同步热水（SHAW）模型对2015 - 2023年不同冻融阶段土壤热液动力学和产流进行了定量评价。结果表明，SHAW模型能准确模拟高寒地区所有植被类型的土壤热液过程（土壤温度NSE >； 0.80，土壤湿度NSE >； 0.69）。土壤含水量和水分平衡组分在不同冻融阶段和不同植被类型间存在显著差异。荒漠草原和山地草原几乎没有地表径流形成，深层渗流也较低。灌丛草甸在完全融化阶段表现出较大的深度渗流（89.29 mm），可能是径流补给的主要来源。4种植被类型的水通量主要发生在融化和完全融化阶段，以蒸散发为主。荒漠草原、山地草原、针叶林和灌丛草甸的蒸散发分别占年降水量的93 %、94 %、81 %和62 %。土壤蒸腾在荒漠草原（占总蒸散发的79 %）和山地草原（占92 %）以及针叶林（59 %）和灌丛草甸（78 %）以土壤蒸腾为主。这些发现为土壤-植被-大气连续体中的水分分配提供了重要的见解，使我们能够更准确地预测高寒地区的河流流量和水分可用性。

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引用次数: 0

Reduced tillage and cover crop effects on soil moisture and infiltration 减少耕作和覆盖作物对土壤水分和入渗的影响

IF 6.5 1区农林科学 Q1 AGRONOMY

Agricultural Water Management

Pub Date : 2026-01-27 DOI: 10.1016/j.agwat.2025.110108

Carson Roberts , Drew Gholson , Martin Locke , Zachary Simpson , Nicolas Quintana-Ashwell , G. Dave Spencer , Steven Pires , Brian Pieralisi , Whitney Crow , L. Jason Krutz

Cropping systems that conserve soil moisture are needed to improve yield or reduce irrigation water demand. This study assessed the ability of different tillage systems, subsoiling, and cover crops to conserve soil moisture, reduce soil water depletion, and augment infiltration in cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) production on a Dubbs silt loam (Typic Hapludalfs) and a Bosket very fine sandy loam (Mollic Hapludalfs). This multi-year field study used a randomized complete block design to manage irrigation based on sensor data and matric potential thresholds, with agronomic and sensor-based methods used for data collection.Conventionally tilled soils had ≥ 59 % lower soil matric potential (less moisture; P > F < 0.0001) than conservation practices before irrigation. Cover crops increased soil moisture (-20 kPa) compared to winter fallow (-34 kPa). All conservation practices improved season-long soil moisture by ≥ -19 kPa over conventional tillage (P > F < 0.0001). Each Mg ha⁻¹ increase in preplant biomass raised soil matric potential by ≥ 7.3 kPa. Irrigation at −80 kPa to replenish soil moisture did not alter treatment differences. The conventional method (control) required irrigation every year with up to 7.8 cm more supplemental irrigation than the studied conservation practices. Cover crop treatments did not require irrigation at least 2 out of the 3 seasons in the experiment. Cost savings from reduced irrigation of up to $18 ha⁻¹ do not fully compensate for crop yield penalties. Infiltration rates on bed tops increased by 23 % with cover crops (P > F = 0.0627). Cover crops and subsoiling enhanced infiltrated rainfall by 13 % (P > F = 0.003) and 16 % (P > F = 0.009), respectively, compared to winter fallow. Reduced tillage and cover crops improve season-long soil moisture and infiltration, offering a viable strategy for conserving irrigation water.

为了提高产量或减少灌溉用水需求，需要保持土壤水分的种植系统。本研究评估了在Dubbs粉壤土（Typic Hapludalfs）和Bosket极细砂壤土（Mollic Hapludalfs）上生产棉花时，不同耕作制度、深埋和覆盖作物保持土壤水分、减少土壤水分枯竭和增加入渗的能力。这项为期多年的实地研究采用随机完全块设计，根据传感器数据和基质潜在阈值管理灌溉，并使用农艺和基于传感器的方法收集数据。常规耕作土壤的土壤基质电位（水分更少；P >； F < 0.0001）比灌溉前的保护性耕作土壤低≥ 59 %。与冬季休耕（-34 kPa）相比，覆盖作物增加了土壤水分（-20 kPa）。与传统耕作相比，所有保护措施都使整个季节的土壤湿度提高了≥ -19 kPa （P >； F < 0.0001）。每增加Mg ha（⁻¹ ），种植前生物量就会使土壤基质电位增加≥ 7.3 kPa。−80 kPa灌水对土壤水分补充影响不大。常规方法（对照）需要每年灌溉7.8 cm，比研究的保护措施多补充灌溉。覆盖作物处理在试验3个季节中至少2个季节不需要灌溉。减少灌溉可节省高达18美元 ha - 1的成本并不能完全补偿作物产量损失。覆盖作物使床顶入渗率提高了23% % （P >； F = 0.0627）。与冬季休耕相比，覆盖作物和深埋土壤使入渗降雨量分别增加了13 % （P >； F = 0.003）和16 % （P >； F = 0.009）。减少耕作和覆盖作物改善了整个季节的土壤水分和入渗，为节约灌溉用水提供了可行的策略。

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引用次数: 0

Optimal groundwater depth thresholds for sunflower in salt-affected farmland: A process-based modeling approach across hydrological years in the Hetao Irrigation District 盐渍化农田向日葵最佳地下水深度阈值：河套灌区水文年过程模拟方法

IF 6.5 1区农林科学 Q1 AGRONOMY

Agricultural Water Management

Pub Date : 2026-01-27 DOI: 10.1016/j.agwat.2026.110181

Zhipeng Wang , Xiangping Wang , Yuhang Wang , Changcheng He , Zhang Wen , Yulong Jiang , Wenping Xie , Xuan Yu , Rongjiang Yao

In arid and semi-arid regions with shallow groundwater, soil salinization, water scarcity, and deterioration water quality are major constraints to regional agricultural development. Determining optimal groundwater depth (GWD) is essential for conserving water resources, controlling resalinization, and sustaining crop yields. However, it is not feasible to evaluate the results under various scenarios solely through field experiments. This study addresses this gap by integrating field experiments (2023–2024) with the agro-hydrological & chemical and systems simulator (AHC) to optimize GWD for sunflower cultivation under varying hydrological years and groundwater salinity in the Hetao Irrigation District (HID), China. The calibrated model simulated root zone water-salt dynamics and crop responses across scenarios, with multi-objective optimization (NSGA-II) deriving Pareto-optimal solutions for yield and salinity control. The results indicated that root zone bottom flux decreases with rising GWD, with upward water flux approaching zero at about 3 m depth and upward salt flux approaching zero at 1.5–1.9 m depth, respectively. The final yield of sunflowers was negatively correlated with groundwater mineralization, though this dependence weakens at deeper GWD (>1.8 m). The optimal GWDs for sunflower growth under dry, normal, and wet hydrological years with pre-sowing spring irrigation and rainfed conditions during the growth period were approximately 1.18–1.28 m, 1.23–1.32 m, and 1.37–1.45 m, respectively. These results demonstrate GWD’s pivotal role in regulating farmland water-salt distribution, with derived thresholds enabling sunflower production while reducing root-zone salt accumulation.

在地下水较浅的干旱半干旱区，土壤盐渍化、水资源短缺和水质恶化是制约区域农业发展的主要因素。确定最佳地下水深度（GWD）对于节约水资源、控制再盐化和维持作物产量至关重要。然而，仅仅通过现场试验来评价各种情景下的结果是不可行的。本研究通过将田间试验（2023-2024年）与农业水文化学与系统模拟器（AHC）相结合，优化了中国河套灌区不同水文年和地下水盐度下向日葵种植的GWD。校正后的模型模拟了不同情景下根区水盐动态和作物响应，并通过多目标优化（NSGA-II）获得了产量和盐度控制的帕累托最优解。结果表明：根区底部通量随着GWD的增大而减小，在3 m深度处向上的水通量接近于零，在1.5 ~ 1.9 m深度处向上的盐通量接近于零。向日葵的最终产量与地下水矿化度呈负相关，但这种相关性在较深的GWD处减弱（>1.8 m）。在干旱、正常和湿润水文年，在播种前春灌和雨养条件下，向日葵生长的最佳GWDs分别约为1.18 ~ 1.28 m、1.23 ~ 1.32 m和1.37 ~ 1.45 m。这些结果表明GWD在调节农田水盐分布中起着关键作用，其导出的阈值有利于向日葵的生产，同时减少根区盐积累。

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引用次数: 0

A satellite-driven approach to estimating delivered irrigation water via SM-based inversion algorithm: A case study of the Doroodzan irrigation district, Iran 一种卫星驱动的方法，通过基于sm的反演算法来估计输送的灌溉水：以伊朗Doroodzan灌区为例

IF 6.5 1区农林科学 Q1 AGRONOMY

Agricultural Water Management

Pub Date : 2026-01-27 DOI: 10.1016/j.agwat.2026.110141

Peyman Afrasiabikia , Atefeh Parvaresh Rizi , Luca Brocca

In water-scarce semi-arid regions, efficient irrigation management is crucial for sustaining agricultural productivity and conserving freshwater resources. This study applies the SM-based inversion algorithm, utilizing 1 km Soil Moisture Active Passive (SMAP) soil moisture, ERA5 (ECMWF Reanalysis v5) precipitation, and GLEAM (Global Land Evaporation Amsterdam Model) evapotranspiration data, to estimate irrigation water use (IWU) across the Doroodzan irrigation network in Fars Province, Iran. Calibrated during non-irrigation periods, the SM-based inversion algorithm accurately captured seasonal and inter-annual IWU dynamics for 2018–2020, validated through time-series comparisons with canal release data and evapotranspiration trends. Results revealed significant conveyance and distribution inefficiencies, with satellite-based efficiencies of 26–37 % compared to 53 % reported by local authorities, indicating substantial water losses. These findings highlight the potential of the SM-based inversion algorithm for identifying spatial and temporal irrigation inefficiencies, supporting targeted interventions such as canal lining and real-time monitoring to enhance water-use efficiency in large-scale irrigation systems.

在缺水的半干旱地区，有效的灌溉管理对维持农业生产力和保护淡水资源至关重要。本研究采用基于sm的反演算法，利用1 km土壤水分主动被动（SMAP）、ERA5 （ECMWF Reanalysis v5）降水和GLEAM（全球土地蒸发阿姆斯特丹模型）蒸散数据，估算了伊朗法尔斯省Doroodzan灌溉网络的灌溉用水（IWU）。在非灌溉期进行校准后，基于sm的反演算法准确捕获了2018-2020年的季节和年际IWU动态，并通过与运河释放数据和蒸散发趋势的时间序列比较进行了验证。结果显示，传输和分配效率低下，卫星效率为26 - 37% %，而地方当局报告的效率为53 %，这表明大量的水损失。这些发现突出了基于标准模型的反演算法在识别空间和时间灌溉效率低下方面的潜力，支持有针对性的干预措施，如运河衬砌和实时监测，以提高大规模灌溉系统的用水效率。

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引用次数: 0