Agricultural Water Management最新文献_第3页

Assessing the mitigation effects of irrigation methods on a record-breaking drought: Crop Yield and Economic Loss in Shaanxi Province, China 评估灌溉方式对破纪录干旱的缓解效果：中国陕西省作物产量和经济损失

IF 6.5 1区农林科学 Q1 AGRONOMY

Agricultural Water Management

Pub Date : 2026-04-01 Epub Date: 2026-02-20 DOI: 10.1016/j.agwat.2026.110247

Hao Chen , Xinhao Li , Bate Zuo , Ziji Lv , Jiaqi Chen , Jiaxi Wang , Wenyan Ge , Shangyu Shi , Jianqiao Han , Jinshi Jian , Fei Wang

Drought events are intensifying under climate change, creating mounting risks for crop production and rural livelihoods in dryland regions. Shaanxi Province experienced a record drought in the 2025 agricultural season, reported as the most severe in the past 75 years, causing major impacts on food production and farm income. We assessed drought impacts and the mitigation role of irrigation by integrating multi-decadal meteorological records (1950–2025), field soil-moisture profiles (0–200 cm; 80 sites), crop growth observations (plant height and vegetation index; n = 175), and a province-wide household survey (n = 1025; 511 field interviews and 514 online responses). Meteorological analysis shows significant long-term drying in Shaanxi, and 2025 exhibited sharp anomalies, with precipitation and shallow soil water content reduced by 31 % and 16 % relative to 2024, confirming a severe drought year. Field sampling indicates strong shallow desiccation: mean soil moisture at 0–20 cm was only 9.4 %, well below the Loess Plateau’s typical field capacity, while deeper layers (>20 cm) remained around 12 %, offering limited buffering. Crop growth responses were severity-dependent, with plant height and vegetation index reduced by 35 % under moderate drought and by 76 % and 52 %, respectively, under severe drought compared with normal years. Survey results reveal heterogeneous vulnerabilities: wheat was relatively less affected (28 % yield loss, ∼6180 RMB/ha), whereas vegetables and orchards experienced much larger reductions (48–51 % yield loss; 18,675–23,520 RMB/ha). Irrigation significantly mitigated losses, with well and drip irrigation reducing yield declines to 28 % and 19 %, respectively, versus 46 % under rainfed conditions. Overall, the results identify shallow root-zone desiccation as a primary constraint and show that unequal access to efficient irrigation drives unequal drought outcomes, supporting targeted water-management and crop adaptation strategies to strengthen drought resilience in dryland farming systems.

在气候变化的影响下，干旱事件正在加剧，给干旱地区的作物生产和农村生计带来越来越大的风险。据报道，陕西省在2025年农业季节经历了创纪录的干旱，是过去75年来最严重的干旱，对粮食生产和农业收入造成重大影响。我们通过综合多年代际气象记录（1950-2025）、田间土壤湿度剖面（0-200 cm； 80个站点）、作物生长观测（植物高度和植被指数；n = 175）和全省家庭调查（n = 1025；511次实地访谈和514次在线回复）来评估干旱影响和灌溉的缓解作用。气象分析表明，陕西长期干旱显著，2025年异常明显，降水和浅层土壤含水量较2024年分别减少31% %和16% %，为严重干旱年。田间取样表明，浅层干燥程度较强：0-20 cm的平均土壤含水量仅为9.4% %，远低于黄土高原典型的田间容量，而较深层（>20 cm）保持在12. %左右，缓冲作用有限。作物生长响应具有严重依赖性，在中度干旱条件下，与正常年份相比，植物高度和植被指数分别降低了35 %和76 %和52 %。调查结果显示了异质性脆弱性：小麦受到的影响相对较小（产量损失28% %，约6180元/公顷），而蔬菜和果园的减产幅度要大得多（产量损失48-51 %，18,675-23,520元/公顷）。灌溉显著减轻了损失，井灌和滴灌分别使产量下降28% %和19% %，而雨灌条件下产量下降46% %。总体而言，研究结果确定浅根区干燥是主要制约因素，并表明获得有效灌溉的机会不平等导致干旱结果不平等，支持有针对性的水资源管理和作物适应战略，以加强旱地农业系统的抗旱能力。

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引用次数: 0

Reducing nitrogen use under optimal irrigation and planting date can sustain sugarcane yield and gross margin under climate change 在气候变化条件下，在最佳灌溉和种植日期下减少氮肥用量可以维持甘蔗产量和毛利

IF 6.5 1区农林科学 Q1 AGRONOMY

Agricultural Water Management

Pub Date : 2026-04-01 Epub Date: 2026-02-13 DOI: 10.1016/j.agwat.2026.110160

Shijin Yao , Bin Wang , De Li Liu , Fangzheng Chen , Siyi Li , Keyu Xiang , Jianqiang He , Mingxia Huang , Meichen Feng , Qiang Yu

Sugarcane is a vital economic crop in Australia, supporting both agricultural and regional economies. However, its heavy reliance on high nitrogen (N) inputs raises costs and results in considerable losses to the environment. While climate warming is projected to enhance sugarcane yield in subtropical New South Wales (NSW), it remains unclear whether this benefit, combined with adaptive management, can sustain yields under reduced N use in future climates. To address this, the APSIM-Sugarcane model, validated with high accuracy (R²=0.82 for yield and 0.73 for gross margin), was driven by projections from 27 global climate models under two Shared Socio-economic Pathways (SSP2–4.5 and SSP5–8.5) to simulate yield responses to varying N rates, irrigation levels, and planting dates across the main production regions of Condong, Broadwater, and Harwood in northern coastal NSW. Results indicated that under future climates, yield and gross margin increased under current management practices, with further gains under optimal management (50 % PAWC irrigation and planting in September). The optimal strategy remained unchanged across N rates, but yield and gross margin declined with reduced inputs. The lowest feasible N rate under future climates sustaining current yield (101–127 t ha⁻¹) and gross margin (2147–3122 AU$ ha⁻¹) was 60 kg ha⁻¹ (a 40 % reduction from the current N rate of 100 kg ha⁻¹). At this level, irrigation was the primary driver of yield and gross margin, followed by temperature and CO₂. This study highlights practical nitrogen reduction strategies sustaining sugarcane productivity, profitability, and environmental sustainability under future climates in Australia.

甘蔗是澳大利亚重要的经济作物，支撑着农业和区域经济。然而，它对高氮投入的严重依赖增加了成本，并对环境造成了相当大的损失。虽然气候变暖预计会提高亚热带新南威尔士州（NSW）的甘蔗产量，但目前尚不清楚这种效益与适应性管理相结合，是否能在未来气候条件下减少氮肥用量的情况下维持产量。为了解决这一问题，apsim -甘蔗模型得到了高精度验证（产量R2=0.82，毛利率R2= 0.73），该模型由27个全球气候模型在两个共享社会经济路径（SSP2-4.5和SSP5-8.5）下的预测驱动，模拟了新南威尔威尔州北部沿海Condong、Broadwater和Harwood主要产区对不同氮肥、灌溉水平和种植日期的产量响应。结果表明，在未来气候条件下，在当前管理措施下，产量和毛利率均有提高，在最佳管理（9月份PAWC灌溉和种植50% %）下，产量和毛利率进一步提高。在不同施氮率下，最优策略保持不变，但产量和毛利率随着投入的减少而下降。在未来气候条件下，维持当前产量（101-127 t ha−1）和毛利率（2147-3122 AU$ ha−1）的最低可行施氮量为60 kg ha−1（比当前施氮量100 kg ha−1减少40 %）。在这个水平上，灌溉是产量和毛利率的主要驱动因素，其次是温度和二氧化碳。本研究强调了在澳大利亚未来气候条件下维持甘蔗生产力、盈利能力和环境可持续性的实际氮减排策略。

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引用次数: 0

Modeling nitrogen fluxes in a tile-drained cropping system in the Midwest using an enhanced SWAT model 利用增强型SWAT模型模拟中西部旱地耕作系统的氮通量

IF 6.5 1区农林科学 Q1 AGRONOMY

Agricultural Water Management

Pub Date : 2026-04-01 Epub Date: 2026-02-17 DOI: 10.1016/j.agwat.2026.110225

Muhammad Rizwan Shahid , Junyu Qi , Bryan D. Emmett , Robert W. Malone , Natalia Rogovska , Peter L. O’Brien , John L. Kovar , Anna Radke , Gary W. Feyereisen , Kevin W. King , Mark Williams , Daniel Moriasi , Michael J. Castellano

Artificial (tile) drainage systems are extensively implemented across the U.S. Midwest to enhance crop production in poorly drained soils; however, they also pose environmental challenges by significantly altering nitrogen fluxes within agricultural landscapes. In response, sustainable intensification strategies seek to increase agricultural productivity while reducing environmental impacts, often through improved management practices such as cover cropping and conservation tillage. Effectively evaluating the trade-offs and synergies of agricultural management practices demands advanced modeling tools capable of representing coupled biogeochemical and hydrological processes across diverse spatial and temporal scales. This study presents the first application of an enhanced version of the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT), integrated with Century/DayCent-based biogeochemical modules, to simulate both nitrate (NO₃⁻) loss and nitrous oxide (N₂O) fluxes in a tile-drained corn-soybean system. The model was applied to long-term field data (2004–2010) from an Iowa site with two treatments: with and without winter rye cover crops. With careful calibration, the model reproduced tile discharge and crop yields well and captured the direction and magnitude of cover-crop reductions in NO₃⁻ losses. However, interannual variability in NO₃⁻ export and event-scale N₂O peaks remained difficult to reproduce, likely due to limited sampling frequency and structural constraints in soil hydrology, solute transport, and vertical resolution. The model simulated a ∼41 % reduction in NO₃⁻ leaching with cover crops, close to the observed ∼50 %. In contrast, effects on average daily N₂O flux varied by year and conditions, ranging from −30–67 % (observed: −24–28 %). These results support the model’s use for assessing long-term nitrogen-loss responses to cover crops in tile-drained systems, while highlighting priorities for improving event-scale biogeochemical simulations.

人工（瓷砖）排水系统在美国中西部广泛实施，以提高排水不良土壤的作物产量；然而，它们也通过显著改变农业景观内的氮通量而构成环境挑战。为此，可持续集约化战略力求在提高农业生产力的同时减少对环境的影响，通常是通过改进管理做法，如覆盖种植和保护性耕作。有效评估农业管理实践的权衡和协同作用需要先进的建模工具，能够在不同的空间和时间尺度上表示耦合的生物地球化学和水文过程。这项研究首次应用了增强版的水土评估工具（SWAT），并结合了Century/ daycentl的生物地球化学模块，模拟了玉米-大豆系统中硝酸盐（NO3⁻）的损失和氧化亚氮（N2O）的通量。该模型应用于爱荷华州一个地点的长期田间数据（2004-2010），采用两种处理：有和没有冬季黑麦覆盖作物。经过仔细的校准，该模型很好地再现了土壤排放和作物产量，并捕捉到了植被-作物减少NO3⁻损失的方向和幅度。然而，NO3毒枭和事件尺度N2O峰值的年际变化仍然难以重现，这可能是由于采样频率有限以及土壤水文、溶质运移和垂直分辨率的结构限制。该模型模拟了覆盖作物对NO3的毒洗减少了~ 41 %，接近观察到的~ 50 %。相反，对日平均N2O通量的影响因年份和条件而异，范围为−30-67 %（观测值：−24-28 %）。这些结果支持该模型用于评估覆盖作物在瓷砖排水系统中的长期氮损失响应，同时突出了改进事件尺度生物地球化学模拟的优先事项。

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引用次数: 0

Simulation of soil hydrothermal condition and potato growth under different colored plastic film mulch in an arid region 不同颜色地膜覆盖下干旱区土壤水热条件及马铃薯生长的模拟

IF 6.5 1区农林科学 Q1 AGRONOMY

Agricultural Water Management

Pub Date : 2026-04-01 Epub Date: 2026-02-19 DOI: 10.1016/j.agwat.2026.110238

Youliang Zhang , Qianyun Deng , Zhiming Qi , Fengxin Wang , Matthew Sima , Chunli Hua , Qiu Luo , Shaoyuan Feng

Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.), the fourth important global food crop, is sensitive to stress of soil water and temperature, especially in arid regions. To mitigate the stress, plastic film mulch combined with drip irrigation has been widely adopted to improve thermal and moisture conditions and potato growth which depend on the film color. Critically, it is challenging to predict soil water and temperature and potato growth under different colored film mulches. Process-based simulation models offer a powerful tool to address this complexity. However, the capability of the modified RZ-SHAW model to accurately simulate the soil hydrothermal conditions and the drip irrigated potato growth under different colored plastic films has not been adequately evaluated. In this research, the simulation ability of the modified RZ-SHAW model on soil moisture, soil temperature, yield, water consumption, leaf area index, and dry matter under transparent mulch (TM), no mulch (NM), and black mulch (BM) treatments was evaluated using two years of field potato experimental data. The simulation results showed that the modified RZ-SHAW model effectively captured soil water and temperature variations during the entire potato growth stage. The average root means squared error (RMSE) for soil water content was 0.029, 0.038, and 0.037 cm³ cm⁻³, and for soil temperature was 3.0, 2.0, and 3.0 °C with TM, NM, and BM, respectively. The relative RMSEs (RRMSE) were 15.3%, 22.0%, and 19.9% for soil water content and 17.0%, 11.7%, and 17.6% for soil temperature with TM, NM, and BM, respectively. The modified RZ-SHAW model had an advantage in the simulation of crop evapotranspiration and tuber yield. Overall, this model can simulate soil water and heat condition and potato growth under colored film mulches, which can provide guidelines for high yield potato cultivation.

马铃薯（Solanum tuberosum L.）是全球第四大粮食作物，对土壤水分和温度胁迫非常敏感，特别是在干旱地区。为了缓解这种胁迫，地膜覆盖与滴灌相结合已被广泛采用，以改善热、湿条件和马铃薯生长对地膜颜色的依赖。重要的是，预测不同颜色地膜覆盖下的土壤水分、温度和马铃薯生长具有挑战性。基于流程的仿真模型为解决这种复杂性提供了一个强大的工具。然而，改进的RZ-SHAW模型对不同颜色地膜下土壤热液条件和滴灌马铃薯生长的准确模拟能力还没有得到充分的评价。利用2年马铃薯大田试验数据，评价了改良RZ-SHAW模型对透明覆盖（TM）、无覆盖（NM）和黑覆盖（BM）处理下土壤水分、土壤温度、产量、耗水量、叶面积指数和干物质的模拟能力。模拟结果表明，改进后的RZ-SHAW模型能有效地反映马铃薯整个生育期土壤水分和温度的变化。TM、NM和BM对土壤含水量的平均均方根误差（RMSE）分别为0.029、0.038和0.037 cm3 cm - 3，对土壤温度的平均均方根误差分别为3.0、2.0和3.0 ℃。TM、NM和BM对土壤含水量的相对rmse分别为15.3%、22.0%和19.9%，对土壤温度的相对rmse分别为17.0%、11.7%和17.6%。改进的RZ-SHAW模型在模拟作物蒸散量和块茎产量方面具有优势。综上所述，该模型能较好地模拟彩色地膜覆盖下的土壤水热状况和马铃薯生长情况，为马铃薯高产栽培提供指导。

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引用次数: 0

Prolonged drought strongly suppresses temperate grasslands actual evapotranspiration: Insights from eddy covariance observations upscaling 长期干旱强烈抑制温带草原的实际蒸散：来自涡旋相关观测的见解

IF 6.5 1区农林科学 Q1 AGRONOMY

Agricultural Water Management

Pub Date : 2026-04-01 Epub Date: 2026-02-10 DOI: 10.1016/j.agwat.2026.110211

Lexin Ma , Zhi Chen , Quanhong Lin , Tianxiang Hao , Meng Yang , Jianxing Zhu , Linfei Yu , Mingyu Sun , Yong Lin , Tao Li , Fubo Yu , Zongxu Yu , Jiwen Li , Guirui Yu

Despite frequent droughts in East Asian grasslands, most studies have concentrated on their impacts on carbon balance, leaving limited understanding of actual evapotranspiration (ET_a) responses under prolonged drought conditions. The Chinese Grassland Transect (CGT), located in the transition zone between croplands and grasslands, spans alpine grasslands (AG) and temperate grasslands (TG) and provides a natural laboratory for examining drought impacts on water dynamics. In this study, monthly data from 18 eddy covariance sites were used to train and evaluate 24 machine learning models, and the best-performing model was applied to estimate ET_a across AG and TG. Results showed a persistent increase in ET_a in AG, whereas TG experienced significant declines during 1999–2011 due to prolonged drought associated with reduced precipitation (P). The variability of P in TG was largely controlled by the El Niño - Southern Oscillation (ENSO), whereas in AG, P was primarily influenced by the South Asian monsoon system and the region was less affected by drought impacts due to the Tibetan Plateau. Interannual variability in net ecosystem productivity (NEP) closely tracked the water balance, with NEP in TG more strongly influenced by water input (P), whereas NEP in AG was more strongly influenced by water loss (ET_a). These findings reveal contrasting ET_a responses to prolonged drought along the CGT and highlight the key roles of ENSO and monsoon systems in regional hydrology.

尽管东亚草原干旱频繁，但大多数研究都集中在干旱对碳平衡的影响上，对长期干旱条件下实际蒸散发（ETa）响应的了解有限。中国草地样带（CGT）位于农田和草地之间的过渡地带，横跨高寒草原和温带草原，为研究干旱对水动力学的影响提供了一个天然实验室。在本研究中，使用来自18个涡动相关站点的月度数据来训练和评估24个机器学习模型，并应用表现最佳的模型来估计AG和TG之间的ETa。结果显示，1999-2011年期间，由于长期干旱和降水减少，AG中ETa持续增加，而TG显著下降(P)。TG中P的变化主要受El Niño -南方涛动（ENSO）的控制，而AG中P的变化主要受南亚季风系统的影响，受青藏高原干旱影响较小。净生态系统生产力（NEP）的年际变化与水分平衡密切相关，甘油三省的NEP受水分输入(P)的影响更大，而甘油三省的NEP受水分损失（ETa）的影响更大。这些发现揭示了ETa对CGT沿线长期干旱的不同响应，并突出了ENSO和季风系统在区域水文中的关键作用。

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引用次数: 0

Two independent water balance approaches demonstrate extensive use of groundwater by rainfed crops 两种独立的水平衡方法表明，雨养作物广泛使用地下水

IF 6.5 1区农林科学 Q1 AGRONOMY

Agricultural Water Management

Pub Date : 2026-04-01 Epub Date: 2026-02-10 DOI: 10.1016/j.agwat.2026.110218

Adam P. Schreiner-McGraw, Claire Baffaut

In the rainfed cropland of the U.S. Corn Belt effective management requires an understanding of where crop water originates. Thus, quantification of where in the subsurface crops extract water from is warranted. In this study, we co-located measurements of crop water use, soil moisture, and groundwater level at three locations within a field with potentially sustainable management practices (ALT field). The field has a restrictive claypan soil layer previously thought to restrict vertical water movement. We used these measurements to calculate a point-scale water balance and show that crops draw important amounts of water from below the restrictive claypan. These calculations contain considerable uncertainty but show that between 31 % and 53 % of growing season water use is sourced from below the claypan. There was considerable variability between the three locations. To test if our results were robust over larger spatial scales and a longer period, we calculated the groundwater flux with independent field-scale water budgets using measurements of precipitation, evapotranspiration (ET), soil moisture, and runoff. We did this at the ALT field as well as a field managed with the prevailing practices of the region (PRV). This field-scale water balance showed that both fields drew considerably from water beneath the claypan, supplying an average of 29 % and 25 % of total growing season ET for the ALT and PRV fields, respectively. Values of non-growing season groundwater flux were not sufficient to recharge this water use, highlighting the importance of complex groundwater recharge pathways in rainfed croplands of the U.S. Corn Belt.

在美国玉米带的雨养农田中，有效的管理需要了解作物水分的来源。因此，定量作物从地下何处提取水分是有必要的。在这项研究中，我们在一个具有潜在可持续管理实践（ALT田）的农田内的三个地点共同定位了作物水分利用、土壤湿度和地下水位的测量。这块地有一个限制性粘土层，以前认为它限制了水的垂直运动。我们使用这些测量值来计算一个点尺度的水平衡，并表明作物从限制性粘土层下面吸取了大量的水。这些计算包含相当大的不确定性，但表明生长季节用水量的31% %至53% %来自粘土层以下。这三个地点之间存在相当大的差异。为了验证我们的结果在更大的空间尺度和更长的时间内是否可靠，我们使用降水、蒸散发（ET）、土壤湿度和径流的测量，计算了地下水通量和独立的野外尺度水收支。我们在ALT领域以及采用该地区普遍做法管理的领域（PRV）进行了这项工作。这种田间尺度的水分平衡表明，这两个田都从粘土盘下的水中吸取了大量的水分，ALT和PRV田分别平均提供了生长季总ET的29 %和25 %。非生长季节的地下水通量值不足以补给这种水的使用，这突出了美国玉米带雨养农田复杂的地下水补给途径的重要性。

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引用次数: 0

Identification of critical soil moisture thresholds and the water–energy regulation mechanisms in semi-arid sand dune–meadow ecosystems 半干旱沙地-草甸生态系统土壤临界水分阈值识别及水能调节机制

IF 6.5 1区农林科学 Q1 AGRONOMY

Agricultural Water Management

Pub Date : 2026-04-01 Epub Date: 2026-02-17 DOI: 10.1016/j.agwat.2026.110235

Simin Zhang , Limin Duan , Yongzhi Bao , Lina Hao , Xin Tong , V.P. Singh , Tingxi Liu

<div><div>Dryland ecosystems are highly sensitive to global change, with their carbon–water cycling strongly regulated by soil moisture (SM). The critical soil moisture content at which the ecosystem shifts from energy limitation to water limitation during drought can be regarded as a soil moisture threshold that characterizes this regulation. Accurately quantifying critical soil moisture thresholds (<span><math><msub><mrow><mi>θ</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>t</mi></mrow></msub></math></span>) remains a key scientific challenge in elucidating the mechanisms of carbon–water interactions. This study focuses on the Horqin Sandy Land, one of the four major sandy regions in northern China, using long-term eddy covariance and environmental data collected from dune and meadow ecosystems during the growing seasons (May–September) from 2013 to 2024. Three methods—evaporative fraction (EF), covariance (Cov), and correlation difference (corr)—were used to identify to <span><math><msub><mrow><mi>θ</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>t</mi></mrow></msub></math></span>, marking the transition from energy-limited to water-limited states during drought. Furthermore, interpretable machine learning (XGBoost–SHAP) and dominance analysis (DA) were employed to elucidate the driving mechanisms of <span><math><msub><mrow><mi>θ</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>t</mi></mrow></msub></math></span>. Results showed that meadow ecosystems had stronger carbon uptake capacity, water regulatory potential, and environmental stability than dune ecosystems. The three methods yielded highly consistent <span><math><msub><mrow><mi>θ</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>t</mi></mrow></msub></math></span> for both dune (<span><math><msubsup><mrow><mi>θ</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>t</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>EF</mi></mrow></msubsup></math></span>: 0.0676, <span><math><msubsup><mrow><mi>θ</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>t</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>Cov</mi></mrow></msubsup></math></span>: 0.0564, <span><math><msubsup><mrow><mi>θ</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>t</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>corr</mi></mrow></msubsup></math></span>: 0.0544 m³/m³) and meadow (<span><math><msubsup><mrow><mi>θ</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>t</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>EF</mi></mrow></msubsup></math></span>: 0.4335, <span><math><msubsup><mrow><mi>θ</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>t</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>Cov</mi></mrow></msubsup></math></span>: 0.4178, <span><math><msubsup><mrow><mi>θ</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>t</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>corr</mi></mrow></msubsup></math></span>: 0.3934 m³/m³) ecosystems, with standard deviations of 0.005 and 0.023 m³ /m³ , respectively. In dunes, <span><math><msub><mrow><mi>θ</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>t</mi></mrow></msub></math></span> was primarily driven by rainfall (Rain) and evapotranspiration (ET), with gross primary productivity (GPP) and ET jointly contributing over 50 % to its formation. In meadows, <span><math><msub><mrow><mi>θ</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>t</mi></mrow></msub></math></span> was regulated by Rain and canopy conductance (gc), with GPP and gc contributing 28.98 % and 19.57 %, respectively. As shown fo

旱地生态系统对全球变化高度敏感，其碳水循环受土壤湿度的强烈调节。在干旱期间，生态系统从能量限制向水分限制转变的临界土壤水分含量可以被视为表征这一调节的土壤水分阈值。准确量化土壤临界水分阈值（θt）仍然是阐明碳水相互作用机制的关键科学挑战。以中国北方四大沙区之一的科尔沁沙地为研究对象，利用2013 - 2024年生长季（5 - 9月）沙丘和草甸生态系统的长期涡动相关方差和环境数据进行研究。利用蒸发分数（EF）、协方差（Cov）和相关差（corr）三种方法识别θt，标志着干旱期间从能量限制状态向水限制状态的转变。此外，采用可解释机器学习（XGBoost-SHAP）和优势度分析（DA）来阐明θt的驱动机制。结果表明，草甸生态系统比沙丘生态系统具有更强的碳吸收能力、水调节潜力和环境稳定性。三种方法对沙丘（θtEF: 0.0676, θtCov: 0.0564, θtcorr: 0.0544 m³/m³）和草甸（θtEF: 0.4335, θtCov: 0.4178, θtcorr: 0.3934 m³/m³）生态系统的θt结果高度一致，标准差分别为0.005和0.023 m³/m³。沙丘θt主要由降雨（Rain）和蒸散发（ET）驱动，总初级生产力（GPP）和蒸散发对其形成的共同贡献率超过50%。草甸θt受雨导（GPP）和冠层导（gc）的调节，其中GPP和gc分别贡献28.98%和19.57%。正如所研究的两个生态系统所示，沙丘和草甸生态系统在临界土壤湿度阈值上表现出明显的差异，在这个阈值上，系统在水和能量限制之间转换。鉴于旱地包含了广泛的生态系统，包括草原、森林和农田。这突出了在旱地建立协调的多生态系统观测网络的必要性，以便系统地比较响应并澄清植被-水的相互作用。这对干旱区有效的水资源管理和生态系统恢复至关重要。

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引用次数: 0

Effect of irrigation uniformity on the delineation of homogeneous zones in a pear orchard 灌溉均匀性对梨园均匀区划分的影响

IF 6.5 1区农林科学 Q1 AGRONOMY

Agricultural Water Management

Pub Date : 2026-04-01 Epub Date: 2026-02-12 DOI: 10.1016/j.agwat.2026.110224

L. Bonzi , M. Carrara , F. Hamouda , S. Marasco , R. Massai , À. Puig-Sirera , D. Remorini , G. Rallo

Spatial variability analysis is fundamental in precision orchard management, yet non-uniform irrigation can distort the delineation of management zones (MZs), leading to sub-optimal operational decisions. This study investigates the impact of irrigation non-uniformity on MZ delineation in a 7-ha micro-irrigated pear orchard by integrating topographic information (Z), vegetation vigor (NDVI), soil apparent electrical conductivity (ECa), and emitter flow rates (Q). Geostatistical analyses show that elevation and ECa are the primary drivers of structured field variability, while Q reveals substantial hydraulic heterogeneity—most notably in the Carmen sector, which displays both the lowest average discharge and the greatest variability in emitter performance. Incorporating Q into fuzzy c-means clustering increases zoning complexity, leading to more MZs than classifications based solely on soil and vegetative indicators. When all variables (Z, NDVI, ECa, Q) are combined, the orchard is optimally divided into four management zones that more accurately reflect the interplay of hydraulic, topographic, and soil-related factors shaping crop response. These findings indicate that a lower distribution uniformity of the irrigation can introduce operational artefacts into spatial analyses, highlighting the value of optimising the irrigation layout and adopting zone-specific irrigation management to improve system performance and crop responsiveness.

空间变异性分析是精确果园管理的基础，但不均匀的灌溉会扭曲管理区（MZs）的划定，导致次优操作决策。通过综合地形信息(Z)、植被活力（NDVI）、土壤视电导率（ECa）和灌水器流量(Q)，研究灌溉不均匀性对7 ha微灌梨园MZ圈定的影响。地质统计分析表明，高程和ECa是结构场变异性的主要驱动因素，而Q则显示了大量的水力非均质性，尤其是在卡门区域，平均流量最低，发射器性能变异性最大。将Q值纳入模糊c均值聚类增加了区划的复杂性，比单纯基于土壤和植被指标的区划产生更多的mz。当所有变量（Z、NDVI、ECa、Q）结合在一起时，果园被最佳地划分为四个管理区，更准确地反映了水力、地形和土壤相关因素对作物反应的相互作用。这些结果表明，较低的灌溉分布均匀性可以将操作人工因素引入空间分析，突出了优化灌溉布局和采用区域特定灌溉管理以提高系统性能和作物响应性的价值。

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引用次数: 0

Out-scaling apparent conductivity from ground acquired electromagnetic induction using satellite reflectance data to assess regional salinity and waterlogging 利用卫星反射率数据从地面获取电磁感应的超尺度视电导率来评估区域盐度和涝灾

IF 6.5 1区农林科学 Q1 AGRONOMY

Agricultural Water Management

Pub Date : 2026-04-01 Epub Date: 2026-02-13 DOI: 10.1016/j.agwat.2026.110135

Mark R. Glover , Jorge L. Peña-Arancibia , Debolina Sarkar , Manoj Kumar Nanda , Yingying Yu , Mohammed Mainuddin , Mustafa Kamal Shahadat , Md. Maniruzzaman , Khokan Kumer Sarker , Md. Belal Hossain , Argha Ghosh , Priya Lal Chandra Paul , Sukanta Kumar Sarangi , Sukamal Sarkar , Edward G. Barrett-Lennard , Donald S. Gaydon

The salt-affected coastal zone of the Ganges-Brahmaputra Delta (CZGBD, ∼37,400 km²), is home to approximately 54 million people, many of whom face livelihood challenges. Primarily an agricultural economy, soil salinity and waterlogging during the dry season (Rabi, from November to March), plus climate induced natural disasters and inadequate infrastructure, significantly decrease food security. The spatial delineation of a salinity/waterlogging proxy, Apparent Conductivity (ECa), can indicate locations of impaired agricultural productivity, and thereby improve the efficiency of limited supplies of irrigation water. To assist in this, a novel technique was developed to integrate and out-scale 19 ground-based electromagnetic induction ECa surveys conducted in agricultural sites with Sentinel-2 10 m reflectance data. These data are used to predict 5 ECa classes (from low to severe) regionally from 2019 to 2023 using a Random Forest model, with a cross-validation accuracy of 66 %. The observed regional ECa dynamics are qualitatively linked to antecedent monsoon rainfall, discharge and the hydromorphology of the CZGBD. Relatively higher monsoon rainfall, particularly late in the season, results in higher ECa classes that are related to waterlogging in areas to the north of the CZGBD. Higher ECa classes are also related to soil salinity in areas of decreased fluvial activity over time, particularly in the southwest of the CZGBD. These maps can be used to guide future investments in waterlogging mitigation (drainage systems), prioritize irrigation supply network upgrades, support improved farming systems choices including reducing the risks of Rabi season crop failure and inform supply chain investment or management decisions.

恒河-雅鲁藏布江三角洲受盐影响的沿海地区（CZGBD，约37,400 平方公里）是约5400万人的家园，其中许多人面临生计挑战。主要是农业经济，旱季（11月至3月）的土壤盐碱化和内涝，加上气候引起的自然灾害和基础设施不足，大大降低了粮食安全。盐度/内涝指标表观电导率（ECa）的空间描绘可以指示农业生产力受损的位置，从而提高有限的灌溉用水供应的效率。为此，研究人员开发了一种新技术，利用Sentinel-2 10 m反射率数据整合并超越了在农业现场进行的19次地面电磁感应ECa调查。这些数据用于使用随机森林模型预测2019年至2023年区域内5个ECa类别（从低到严重），交叉验证精度为66 %。观测到的区域ECa动态与之前的季风降雨、流量和CZGBD的水文形态有质的联系。相对较高的季风降雨，特别是在季节后期，导致较高的ECa等级，这与CZGBD北部地区的内涝有关。较高的ECa等级也与河流活动随时间减少的地区的土壤盐度有关，特别是在CZGBD的西南部。这些地图可用于指导未来在减轻内涝（排水系统）方面的投资，优先考虑灌溉供应网络的升级，支持改进耕作系统的选择，包括减少Rabi季节作物歉收的风险，并为供应链投资或管理决策提供信息。

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引用次数: 0

Multi-objective water-nitrogen regime optimization to enhance yield, quality and productivity of drip-fertigated greenhouse tomato in northwest China 多目标水氮优化提高西北滴灌温室番茄产量、品质和生产力

IF 6.5 1区农林科学 Q1 AGRONOMY

Agricultural Water Management

Pub Date : 2026-04-01 Epub Date: 2026-02-22 DOI: 10.1016/j.agwat.2026.110221

Hanlong Feng , Ahmed Elsayed Abdelghany , Mahmood Hemat , Zhijun Li , Junliang Fan

Water scarcity and low nitrogen -use efficiency coexist in the arid northwest China, making precise water–nitrogen management essential for sustainable tomato production. A two-season (spring and autumn 2023) split-plot experiment was conducted on mulched drip-fertigated greenhouse tomatoes, with four irrigation levels (W1: 50 %ET_C, W2: 75 %ET_C, W3: 100 %ET_C, and W4: 125 %ET_C) as main plots and four nitrogen rates (N1: 0, N2: 150, N3: 250, and N4: 350 kg ha⁻¹) as sub-plots, where ET_C denotes crop evapotranspiration. Water–nitrogen regime significantly affected tomato yield and its components, nitrogen uptake, fruit quality, nutrient yield, water–nitrogen productivity, and nutrient water productivity. Compared with W1, W3 increased fruit yield (FY) by 80.22 %, nitrogen uptake (NU) by 38.73 %, nutrient yield of total soluble solids (NY(TSS)) by 62.31 %, nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) by 29.39 %, but significantly reduced fruit quality by 12.54 % (TSS) to 27.80 % (soluble sugars, SS), nutrient water productivity by 33.31 % (NWP(TSS)) to 45.16 % (NWP(SS)), and water productivity (WP) by 24.22 %. Further increasing irrigation amount (W4) decreased NU, FN and FY. Relative to N1, N3 increased FY by 34.91 %, NU by 38.73 %, fruit quality by 12.81 % (TSS) to 50.25 % (titratable acid, TA), NY(TSS) by 53.27 %, nutrient water productivity by 42.27 % (NWP(TSS)) to 90.06 % (NWP(TA)), and WP by 38.46 %, but reduced NUE by 9.18 %. Excessive nitrogen fertilization (N4) decreased yield and quality. W4N3 and W3N3 achieved the highest economic returns across two seasons. TOPSIS evaluation showed W3N3 was optimal for balancing yield, quality, nutrient yield and high water-nitrogen productivity.

西北干旱地区水资源短缺与氮素利用效率低下并存，精准的水氮管理对番茄可持续生产至关重要。以膜下滴灌温室番茄为试验材料，以4个灌溉水平（W1: 50 %ETC、W2: 75 %ETC、W3: 100 %ETC、W4: 125 %ETC）为主小区，4个施氮量（N1: 0、N2: 150、N3: 250、N4: 350 kg ha毒血症（1 - 1））为次小区，其中ETC为作物蒸散量。水氮制度显著影响番茄产量及其组成、氮素吸收、果实品质、养分产量、水氮生产力和养分水生产力。与W1相比,W3水果产量(年度)增加了80.22 %,氮吸收(ν)38.73 %,养分产量总可溶性固体(纽约(TSS)) 62.31 %,氮利用效率(自虐)29.39 %,但显著降低果实品质12.54 % (TSS)到27.80 %(可溶性糖,SS),营养水分生产力33.31 % (NWP (TSS)) 45.16 % (NWP (SS)),和水的生产力(WP) 24.22 %。进一步增加灌水量（W4）使NU、FN和FY降低。相对于N1, N3财政年度增加了34.91 %,ν38.73 %,果实品质12.81 % (TSS)到50.25 %(可滴定酸,TA)、纽约(TSS) 53.27 %,营养水分生产力42.27 % (NWP (TSS)) 90.06 % (NWP (TA)),和WP 38.46 %,但减少了9.18 %的熔炼。过量施氮降低了产量和品质。W4N3和W3N3两个季节的经济效益最高。TOPSIS评价结果表明，W3N3是平衡产量、品质、养分产量和高水氮生产力的最佳选择。

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