Kitange Grace, Nchimbi-Msolla Susan, G. Msuya Dunstan
Arabica Coffee (Coffea arabica L.) is a cash crop that supports the livelihoods of many Tanzanians, but its productivity is limited by various factors, including Coffee Berry Disease (CBD) caused by Colletotrichum kahawae. CBD can lead to up to 90% coffee yield losses in Tanzania. There are different control measures for CBD, but the use of resistant cultivars has been mentioned to be a more sustainable method than the use of copper-based fungicides. This study was carried out to determine the level of CBD resistance within the F1 population and to identify top-performing hybrids. The experiment was conducted using a split-plot design under a Randomized Complete Block Design with three replications in the Pathology laboratory at the Tanzania Coffee Research Institute (TaCRI). Detached green berries of eight coffee genotypes were inoculated with three different isolates of C. kahawae (2006/14, 2019/16, and 2019/11). Disease severity on detached berries was assessed at 7, 11, and 15 days after inoculation. The results revealed significant variation (P ≤ 0.05) among the coffee genotypes. Two genotypes, F90/64/4660 x KP423 and F89/64/4660 x KP423, showed a very high level of resistance with absolutely no disease development, equivalent to the resistant check KP423. Genotypes F24/64/902 x KP423 and F54/64/2049 showed moderate susceptibility, while the susceptible check KP423 developed typical CBD symptoms. The interaction between genotypes and C. kahawae isolates revealed significant differences in the number and size of lesions formed. This study verified the resistance of the tested F1 hybrid genotypes, which have the potential to be exploited for CBD-resistant varieties in Tanzania. Key words: Arabica coffee, coffee genotypes, coffee berry disease, Colletotrichum kahawae Isolates.
阿拉比卡咖啡(Coffea Arabica L.)是一种支持许多坦桑尼亚人生计的经济作物，但其生产力受到各种因素的限制，包括由炭疽病菌kahawae引起的咖啡莓病(CBD)。在坦桑尼亚，CBD可导致高达90%的咖啡产量损失。CBD有不同的防治措施，但使用抗病品种被认为是比使用铜基杀菌剂更可持续的方法。本研究旨在确定F1群体中CBD的抗性水平，并确定表现最好的杂交种。该实验在坦桑尼亚咖啡研究所(TaCRI)病理实验室采用随机完全区组设计的分裂图设计进行，有三个重复。将8种咖啡基因型的分离绿莓接种3种不同的卡哈瓦菌(2006/14、2019/16和2019/11)。在接种后7、11和15天评估离体浆果的疾病严重程度。结果显示差异显著(P ≤0.05)。两个基因型F90/64/4660 x KP423和F89/64/4660 x KP423显示出非常高的抗性水平，绝对没有疾病发展，相当于抗性检查的KP423。基因型F24/64/902 × KP423和F54/64/2049表现为中度易感，易感检KP423表现为典型的CBD症状。基因型和卡哈瓦菌分离株之间的相互作用揭示了形成的病变数量和大小的显著差异。这项研究证实了所测试的F1杂交基因型的抗性，这些基因型有潜力在坦桑尼亚开发cbd抗性品种。,关键词:阿拉比卡咖啡，咖啡基因型，咖啡莓病，卡哈瓦炭疽菌分离株
{"title":"Detached berries response to coffee berry disease (Colletotrichum kahawae) of F1 hybrid genotypes developed from Ethiopian accessions of Arabica coffee","authors":"Kitange Grace, Nchimbi-Msolla Susan, G. Msuya Dunstan","doi":"10.5897/ajps2023.2314","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5897/ajps2023.2314","url":null,"abstract":"Arabica Coffee (Coffea arabica L.) is a cash crop that supports the livelihoods of many Tanzanians, but its productivity is limited by various factors, including Coffee Berry Disease (CBD) caused by Colletotrichum kahawae. CBD can lead to up to 90% coffee yield losses in Tanzania. There are different control measures for CBD, but the use of resistant cultivars has been mentioned to be a more sustainable method than the use of copper-based fungicides. This study was carried out to determine the level of CBD resistance within the F1 population and to identify top-performing hybrids. The experiment was conducted using a split-plot design under a Randomized Complete Block Design with three replications in the Pathology laboratory at the Tanzania Coffee Research Institute (TaCRI). Detached green berries of eight coffee genotypes were inoculated with three different isolates of C. kahawae (2006/14, 2019/16, and 2019/11). Disease severity on detached berries was assessed at 7, 11, and 15 days after inoculation. The results revealed significant variation (P ≤ 0.05) among the coffee genotypes. Two genotypes, F90/64/4660 x KP423 and F89/64/4660 x KP423, showed a very high level of resistance with absolutely no disease development, equivalent to the resistant check KP423. Genotypes F24/64/902 x KP423 and F54/64/2049 showed moderate susceptibility, while the susceptible check KP423 developed typical CBD symptoms. The interaction between genotypes and C. kahawae isolates revealed significant differences in the number and size of lesions formed. This study verified the resistance of the tested F1 hybrid genotypes, which have the potential to be exploited for CBD-resistant varieties in Tanzania. Key words: Arabica coffee, coffee genotypes, coffee berry disease, Colletotrichum kahawae Isolates.","PeriodicalId":7675,"journal":{"name":"African Journal of Plant Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136035791","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
V. E. Tia, Kouassi Jean-martial Boko, D. Soro, N’Cho Marc Doffou
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{"title":"In vivo effect of cashew apple powder on fungi isolated from stored maize seed (EV8728-SR)","authors":"V. E. Tia, Kouassi Jean-martial Boko, D. Soro, N’Cho Marc Doffou","doi":"10.5897/ajps2023.2298","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5897/ajps2023.2298","url":null,"abstract":".","PeriodicalId":7675,"journal":{"name":"African Journal of Plant Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90111533","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Fantodji Murielle, Cohovi Ahohuendo Bonaventure, S. Drissa, von Tiedemann Andreas
To improve the disease resistance of adapted rice genotypes, fourteen rice genotypes selected from previous field screening and four controls (two resistant and two susceptible) were screened in greenhouse trials against ten Beninese and four East African pathogenic isolates at rice seedling and tillering stages. Results show that across isolates, no significant difference was observed between disease severity on tested genotypes at both growth stages while a significant difference at P ˂0.05 was observed between disease severity on tested genotypes and susceptible controls. In fact, among tested genotypes, twelve previously resistant under field conditions were also resistant under greenhouse conditions, and more resistant ones were OU244, ARICA 5, IRAT 104, and PiN°4. In addition, among all tested genotypes that were resistant, two (OU244 and RIL249 MORO) with R genes, Piz and Pi5t , were particularly promising. Besides, at the seedling stage and across isolates, genotype OU244 and IRBLZ-Fu harboring the same R-gene Piz displayed resistance and susceptibility reactions and the same results were observed between genotypes RIL249 MORO and IRBL5-M harboring the same R gene Pi5t but only with Beninese isolates. Also, an incompatibility reaction was observed between susceptible controls and some Beninese isolates. In conclusion, screening for resistance at the rice tillering stage appears a suitable protocol for the reliable selection of rice breeding material for improved rice production in Africa. Also, results lead to first selecting rice genotype OU244 as the most stable and promising that could be used for rice improvement against rice blast in Africa; and to further initiate identification of R gene (s) involved in the resistance of the tested genotypes and avirulence (Avr) genes in the isolates used in the current study.
{"title":"Relationship between rice blast severity and the rice growth stage for accurate selection of rice breeding material for improved rice production in Africa","authors":"Fantodji Murielle, Cohovi Ahohuendo Bonaventure, S. Drissa, von Tiedemann Andreas","doi":"10.5897/ajps2022.2285","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5897/ajps2022.2285","url":null,"abstract":"To improve the disease resistance of adapted rice genotypes, fourteen rice genotypes selected from previous field screening and four controls (two resistant and two susceptible) were screened in greenhouse trials against ten Beninese and four East African pathogenic isolates at rice seedling and tillering stages. Results show that across isolates, no significant difference was observed between disease severity on tested genotypes at both growth stages while a significant difference at P ˂0.05 was observed between disease severity on tested genotypes and susceptible controls. In fact, among tested genotypes, twelve previously resistant under field conditions were also resistant under greenhouse conditions, and more resistant ones were OU244, ARICA 5, IRAT 104, and PiN°4. In addition, among all tested genotypes that were resistant, two (OU244 and RIL249 MORO) with R genes, Piz and Pi5t , were particularly promising. Besides, at the seedling stage and across isolates, genotype OU244 and IRBLZ-Fu harboring the same R-gene Piz displayed resistance and susceptibility reactions and the same results were observed between genotypes RIL249 MORO and IRBL5-M harboring the same R gene Pi5t but only with Beninese isolates. Also, an incompatibility reaction was observed between susceptible controls and some Beninese isolates. In conclusion, screening for resistance at the rice tillering stage appears a suitable protocol for the reliable selection of rice breeding material for improved rice production in Africa. Also, results lead to first selecting rice genotype OU244 as the most stable and promising that could be used for rice improvement against rice blast in Africa; and to further initiate identification of R gene (s) involved in the resistance of the tested genotypes and avirulence (Avr) genes in the isolates used in the current study.","PeriodicalId":7675,"journal":{"name":"African Journal of Plant Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81319908","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
D. Chicco, S. Nyirenda, J. Mhango, D. Njera, C. Mandă, M. Rudoviko, I. Kaponya
Sclerocarya birrea is a famous wild fruit tree species which constitutes an important agro ecological system of the global ecosystem. It is one of the widely spread miombo woodland fruit trees species within sub Saharan Africa. An international provenances trial of 21 genotypes evaluated the plant phenology thus including, growth, adaptability (survival), fruit productivity and quality to select genotypes with superior traits well adapted to local conditions for domestication. This study aimed at screening provenances to pests and diseases as advancement to domestication. The provenance trial was laid out in a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with four replicates. Each treatment was represented by 21 provenances including one bulked from Tanzania. There were 333 families assigned in each block and repeated four times. Each provenance was assigned in each row of 20 families as treatments. These provenances and families were randomly assigned to each plot and blocked. The spacing was 4 m between families and 5 m between provenances. Data was collected on infestation pressure to pests and diseases and analyzed. There were significant differences in mean infestation of defoliating and skeletonizing insect pests between provenances (P≤ 0.001). Magunde, Mangochi, Chikwawa, Marracuene and Rumphi provenances were more significantly susceptible to defoliators than the rest of provenances. The results showed that there is variation on levels of susceptibility and tolerance to diseases between provenances. Therefore, when promoting these provenances for domestication, pest and diseases management to be considered as an important selection tool hence propagate and safeguard promising elite provenances as potential genotypes for social and economic gains.
{"title":"Screening Sclerocarya birrea provenances on pests and diseases: A step towards domestication","authors":"D. Chicco, S. Nyirenda, J. Mhango, D. Njera, C. Mandă, M. Rudoviko, I. Kaponya","doi":"10.5897/ajps2022.2294","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5897/ajps2022.2294","url":null,"abstract":"Sclerocarya birrea is a famous wild fruit tree species which constitutes an important agro ecological system of the global ecosystem. It is one of the widely spread miombo woodland fruit trees species within sub Saharan Africa. An international provenances trial of 21 genotypes evaluated the plant phenology thus including, growth, adaptability (survival), fruit productivity and quality to select genotypes with superior traits well adapted to local conditions for domestication. This study aimed at screening provenances to pests and diseases as advancement to domestication. The provenance trial was laid out in a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with four replicates. Each treatment was represented by 21 provenances including one bulked from Tanzania. There were 333 families assigned in each block and repeated four times. Each provenance was assigned in each row of 20 families as treatments. These provenances and families were randomly assigned to each plot and blocked. The spacing was 4 m between families and 5 m between provenances. Data was collected on infestation pressure to pests and diseases and analyzed. There were significant differences in mean infestation of defoliating and skeletonizing insect pests between provenances (P≤ 0.001). Magunde, Mangochi, Chikwawa, Marracuene and Rumphi provenances were more significantly susceptible to defoliators than the rest of provenances. The results showed that there is variation on levels of susceptibility and tolerance to diseases between provenances. Therefore, when promoting these provenances for domestication, pest and diseases management to be considered as an important selection tool hence propagate and safeguard promising elite provenances as potential genotypes for social and economic gains.","PeriodicalId":7675,"journal":{"name":"African Journal of Plant Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86749941","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Debele Solomon, F. Chemeda, D. Mashilla, T. Tamado
Groundnut root rot is a complex disease affecting the crop production worldwide. The objectives of this study were to: (1) Assess the occurrence and distribution of groundnut root rot complex in four main groundnut-growing areas of eastern Ethiopia; (2) Identify the major pathogens associated with groundnut root rot complex; and (3) Determine the role of pathogens singly and in combination on root rot severity of groundnut under greenhouse conditions. A total of 240 groundnut fields were surveyed over two seasons, and 75% of the fields were infected with root rot complex. Mean percent disease prevalence and incidence were highest in Babile, followed by Gursum, while Darolebu had the lowest. Fusarium oxysporum (Fo) was the most common fungus isolated from infected groundnut roots, followed by Fusarium solani ( Fs ) and Rhizoctonia bataticola ( Rb ). Other fungi less frequently isolated included Sclerotium rolfsii ( Sr ) and Rhizoctonia solani ( R s). The pathogenicity test showed that all isolated fungi were pathogenic to groundnut, with Fs being the most virulent in causing root rot, followed by Rb and Fo , while Sr and Rs were less pathogenic. Disease severity was higher on plants co-inoculated with Fo , Fs and Rb than with either alone. The Fs ,
{"title":"Distribution of groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.) root rot complex and associated pathogens in eastern Ethiopia","authors":"Debele Solomon, F. Chemeda, D. Mashilla, T. Tamado","doi":"10.5897/ajps2022.2272","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5897/ajps2022.2272","url":null,"abstract":"Groundnut root rot is a complex disease affecting the crop production worldwide. The objectives of this study were to: (1) Assess the occurrence and distribution of groundnut root rot complex in four main groundnut-growing areas of eastern Ethiopia; (2) Identify the major pathogens associated with groundnut root rot complex; and (3) Determine the role of pathogens singly and in combination on root rot severity of groundnut under greenhouse conditions. A total of 240 groundnut fields were surveyed over two seasons, and 75% of the fields were infected with root rot complex. Mean percent disease prevalence and incidence were highest in Babile, followed by Gursum, while Darolebu had the lowest. Fusarium oxysporum (Fo) was the most common fungus isolated from infected groundnut roots, followed by Fusarium solani ( Fs ) and Rhizoctonia bataticola ( Rb ). Other fungi less frequently isolated included Sclerotium rolfsii ( Sr ) and Rhizoctonia solani ( R s). The pathogenicity test showed that all isolated fungi were pathogenic to groundnut, with Fs being the most virulent in causing root rot, followed by Rb and Fo , while Sr and Rs were less pathogenic. Disease severity was higher on plants co-inoculated with Fo , Fs and Rb than with either alone. The Fs ,","PeriodicalId":7675,"journal":{"name":"African Journal of Plant Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75544697","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Seth Tawiah Jnr. Lartey Gamaliel, Wilson Tachie-Menson Josiah, Adu Stephen
Current trends have suggested that the continuous use of chemical additives has carcinogenic effects on consumers. This has instigated the research into more organic ingredients such as plant parts which could serve as potential replacement for these additives in food. This study was therefore conducted to compare the proximate and mineral compositions of the powder of cinnamon bark and clove buds collected from Cape Coast-Ghana, and the effects of their extracts on the growth of selected food spoilage micro-organisms. The proximate analysis revealed both cinnamon and clove as rich carbohydrate sources (61.63 and 36.02%, respectively) with protein as their least components (3.44%). Mineral analysis of the samples revealed potassium as predominant in both cinnamon and clove powder (714.8 and 1296.2 mg/100 g) as both samples were found to be very low in magnesium (0.16 and 0.27 mg/100 g, respectively). The Agar well diffusion method was used to ascertain the inhibitory activity of cinnamon and clove oils on some common food spoilage microorganisms. The analysis revealed cinnamon as potent against Escherichia coli and Salmonella Typhi while clove showed a significant inhibitory activity against Staphylococcus aureus , Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Shigella . In conclusion, the powder of cinnamon bark and clove buds could serve as good carbohydrate and potassium supplements in food while they contribute to increased shelf-life via inhibiting food-borne bacteria.
{"title":"Nutritional composition of cinnamon and clove powder and the evaluation of the antimicrobial properties of their extracts: A comparison between Ghana and other countries","authors":"Seth Tawiah Jnr. Lartey Gamaliel, Wilson Tachie-Menson Josiah, Adu Stephen","doi":"10.5897/ajps2021.2190","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5897/ajps2021.2190","url":null,"abstract":"Current trends have suggested that the continuous use of chemical additives has carcinogenic effects on consumers. This has instigated the research into more organic ingredients such as plant parts which could serve as potential replacement for these additives in food. This study was therefore conducted to compare the proximate and mineral compositions of the powder of cinnamon bark and clove buds collected from Cape Coast-Ghana, and the effects of their extracts on the growth of selected food spoilage micro-organisms. The proximate analysis revealed both cinnamon and clove as rich carbohydrate sources (61.63 and 36.02%, respectively) with protein as their least components (3.44%). Mineral analysis of the samples revealed potassium as predominant in both cinnamon and clove powder (714.8 and 1296.2 mg/100 g) as both samples were found to be very low in magnesium (0.16 and 0.27 mg/100 g, respectively). The Agar well diffusion method was used to ascertain the inhibitory activity of cinnamon and clove oils on some common food spoilage microorganisms. The analysis revealed cinnamon as potent against Escherichia coli and Salmonella Typhi while clove showed a significant inhibitory activity against Staphylococcus aureus , Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Shigella . In conclusion, the powder of cinnamon bark and clove buds could serve as good carbohydrate and potassium supplements in food while they contribute to increased shelf-life via inhibiting food-borne bacteria.","PeriodicalId":7675,"journal":{"name":"African Journal of Plant Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80477055","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Oliveira Rosilene Aparecida de, M. Mielke, Bomfim Costa Larissa Corrêa do, Oliveira Rosilene Aparecida de, Costa Silva Delmira da
The quality and quantity of secondary metabolites produced by plants can be influenced by biotic and abiotic factors, since the biochemical and physiological processes that coordinate the synthesis of these compounds are influenced by these. Plant regulators can also interfere with plant growth and terpene biosynthesis in aromatic species, which is why they are widely used in agriculture. Lippia origanoides H.B.K is an aromatic shrub that has glandular trichomes on the leaf, which secrete and accumulate essential oil used in the production of culinary seasonings and in the cosmetic and pharmaceutical industry. The objective of this research was to evaluate the effects of plant regulators associated with different levels of light availability in L. origanoides exposed to levels of 100, 50, 35 and 25% of irradiance. The increase in irradiance in plants treated with plant regulator caused changes in the structure and leaf dry biomass, density of glandular trichomes and essential oil content in the 100% full sun treatment. The treatments did not influence the chemical profile of the essential oil, which presented thymol as the major component. However, the application of bioregulators in full sun increased the production of essential oil demonstrating an excellent option for increasing the production.
{"title":"Different levels of irradiance and plant regulators modify the leaf structure and essential oil production of Lippia origanoides H.B.K (Verbenaceae)","authors":"Oliveira Rosilene Aparecida de, M. Mielke, Bomfim Costa Larissa Corrêa do, Oliveira Rosilene Aparecida de, Costa Silva Delmira da","doi":"10.5897/ajps2017.1611","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5897/ajps2017.1611","url":null,"abstract":"The quality and quantity of secondary metabolites produced by plants can be influenced by biotic and abiotic factors, since the biochemical and physiological processes that coordinate the synthesis of these compounds are influenced by these. Plant regulators can also interfere with plant growth and terpene biosynthesis in aromatic species, which is why they are widely used in agriculture. Lippia origanoides H.B.K is an aromatic shrub that has glandular trichomes on the leaf, which secrete and accumulate essential oil used in the production of culinary seasonings and in the cosmetic and pharmaceutical industry. The objective of this research was to evaluate the effects of plant regulators associated with different levels of light availability in L. origanoides exposed to levels of 100, 50, 35 and 25% of irradiance. The increase in irradiance in plants treated with plant regulator caused changes in the structure and leaf dry biomass, density of glandular trichomes and essential oil content in the 100% full sun treatment. The treatments did not influence the chemical profile of the essential oil, which presented thymol as the major component. However, the application of bioregulators in full sun increased the production of essential oil demonstrating an excellent option for increasing the production.","PeriodicalId":7675,"journal":{"name":"African Journal of Plant Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82006155","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Bacterial wilt caused by Ralstonia solanacearum is one of the most destructive and widespread diseases of tomato in Kenya. The objective of this study was to determine the combining ability effects and gene action conditioning bacterial wilt disease resistance in tomato. Eight parents were crossed in North Carolina II mating design scheme to produce sixteen F1 hybrids. The F1 hybrids and the parental genotypes were evaluated for bacterial wilt in an alpha lattice design. Among the parents, KLF acc III was the best general combiner for area under the disease progress curve (AUDPC) and disease incidence across the two cropping cycles. Red Diamond × KLF acc III, Money Maker× KK acc I, Oxyly× KLF acc III and Money Maker× KK acc II were the best specific combiners for AUDPC. Low narrow sense heritability values of 0.14, 0.16 and 0.20 were obtained for AUDPC, disease incidence and plant survival. Relative weights of additive versus non-additive gene action obtained for AUDPC, disease incidence and plant survival were 0.19, 0.20 and 0.50. General predictability ratios (GPR) values of 0.27, 0.29 and 0.50 were obtained for AUDPC, disease incidence and plant survival. These results indicated the predominance of non-additive gene action in governing the traits.
番茄青枯病(Ralstonia solanacearum)是肯尼亚番茄最具破坏性和广泛传播的病害之一。本研究的目的是确定番茄抗青枯病的配合力效应和基因作用。对8个亲本进行北卡罗来纳II型配种设计，得到16个F1杂交种。采用α格子设计对F1杂交种和亲本基因型进行青枯病评价。在亲本中，klfacc III是两个种植周期内疾病进展曲线下面积(AUDPC)和发病率的最佳综合组合。Red Diamond × KLF acc III、Money makerx KK acc I、oxylyx KLF acc III和Money makerx KK acc II是AUDPC的最佳特异性组合。AUDPC、病害发生率和植株成活率的狭义遗传率较低，分别为0.14、0.16和0.20。加性与非加性基因作用对AUDPC、病害发病率和植物存活率的相对权重分别为0.19、0.20和0.50。AUDPC、病害发生率和植物存活率的一般预测比(GPR)分别为0.27、0.29和0.50。这些结果表明，非加性基因作用在控制性状中占主导地位。
{"title":"Combining ability and gene action for bacterial wilt disease resistance in wild tomato (Solanum pimpinellifolium) and cultivated tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) genotypes","authors":"Wangui Mathai Faith, P. Pascal, M. G. Robert","doi":"10.5897/ajps2021.2181","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5897/ajps2021.2181","url":null,"abstract":"Bacterial wilt caused by Ralstonia solanacearum is one of the most destructive and widespread diseases of tomato in Kenya. The objective of this study was to determine the combining ability effects and gene action conditioning bacterial wilt disease resistance in tomato. Eight parents were crossed in North Carolina II mating design scheme to produce sixteen F1 hybrids. The F1 hybrids and the parental genotypes were evaluated for bacterial wilt in an alpha lattice design. Among the parents, KLF acc III was the best general combiner for area under the disease progress curve (AUDPC) and disease incidence across the two cropping cycles. Red Diamond × KLF acc III, Money Maker× KK acc I, Oxyly× KLF acc III and Money Maker× KK acc II were the best specific combiners for AUDPC. Low narrow sense heritability values of 0.14, 0.16 and 0.20 were obtained for AUDPC, disease incidence and plant survival. Relative weights of additive versus non-additive gene action obtained for AUDPC, disease incidence and plant survival were 0.19, 0.20 and 0.50. General predictability ratios (GPR) values of 0.27, 0.29 and 0.50 were obtained for AUDPC, disease incidence and plant survival. These results indicated the predominance of non-additive gene action in governing the traits.","PeriodicalId":7675,"journal":{"name":"African Journal of Plant Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83053727","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Drought stress contributes significantly to economic yield losses in finger millet (Eleusine coracana) production. This study evaluated morpho-physiological and agronomic traits among 25 finger millet genotypes for drought tolerance under field conditions. Out of the 25 genotypes, 24 were advanced lines preselected for drought tolerance from ICRISAT, KALRO and Egerton University seed units and one check cultivar P-224. The study was conducted at two drought endemic locations (Koibatek, Baringo County and Soin, Kericho County) in Kenya during 2020 cropping season using 5 × 5 triple Lattice design with three replicates. Results revealed that genotype was significant (P<0.001) for seedling vigour, peduncle length, plant height, number of productive tillers number of fingers and harvest index (P<0.01) and finger length (P<0.05). Location was significant (P<0.001) for plant stand, number of fingers, finger length and days to 50% flowering and peduncle length. The interaction effect between genotype and location was significant (P<0.001) for number of fingers, yield and harvest index. There were significant and positive correlation between ET and HI (r = 0.537***), ET and grain yield (r = 0.611***), root relative water content (RRWC) and HI (r=0.442***). Lines ICFX 1420314-2-1-1-1 (7), KNE 814 X Ex Alupe (P) P8-1-1-1-1 (24) and ICFX 1420415-3-1-1-2 (14) were identified as the most suitable genotypes for drought tolerance based on their superior morpho-physiological traits to withstand soil water deficit with higher grain yield. These identified genotypes can be recommended to farmers and incorporated in breeding programs to improve production in the semi-arid areas.
干旱胁迫对谷子生产的经济产量损失有显著影响。在田间条件下，对25个谷子基因型的形态生理和农艺性状进行了耐旱性评价。在25个基因型中，24个是ICRISAT、KALRO和Egerton University种子单位预选的耐旱性高级品系和1个对照品种P-224。本研究于2020年种植季在肯尼亚的两个干旱流行地(Baringo县Koibatek和Kericho县Soin)进行，采用5 × 5三重格子设计，有3个重复。结果表明，基因型对幼苗活力、花序柄长、株高、有效分蘖数、指数和收获指数(P<0.01)和指长(P<0.05)有显著影响(P<0.001)。地理位置对植物立地、指数、指长、50%开花天数和花梗长度的影响均显著(P<0.001)。在指数、产量和收获指数上，基因型与地理位置的互作效应显著(P<0.001)。蒸散发与HI (r= 0.537***)、蒸散发与籽粒产量(r= 0.611***)、根系相对含水量(RRWC)、HI (r=0.442***)呈显著正相关。品种ICFX 1420314-2-1-1(7)、KNE 814 X Ex Alupe (P) p8 -1-1-1(24)和ICFX 1420415-3-1-1-2(14)具有较强的抗土壤水分亏缺和高产的形态生理特性，是最适合抗旱的基因型。这些确定的基因型可以推荐给农民，并纳入育种计划，以提高半干旱地区的产量。
{"title":"Identification of drought tolerant finger millet (Eleusine coracana) lines based on morpho-physiological characteristics and grain yield","authors":"Mwangoe Jael, K. Paul, P. Pascal","doi":"10.5897/ajps2022.2225","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5897/ajps2022.2225","url":null,"abstract":"Drought stress contributes significantly to economic yield losses in finger millet (Eleusine coracana) production. This study evaluated morpho-physiological and agronomic traits among 25 finger millet genotypes for drought tolerance under field conditions. Out of the 25 genotypes, 24 were advanced lines preselected for drought tolerance from ICRISAT, KALRO and Egerton University seed units and one check cultivar P-224. The study was conducted at two drought endemic locations (Koibatek, Baringo County and Soin, Kericho County) in Kenya during 2020 cropping season using 5 × 5 triple Lattice design with three replicates. Results revealed that genotype was significant (P<0.001) for seedling vigour, peduncle length, plant height, number of productive tillers number of fingers and harvest index (P<0.01) and finger length (P<0.05). Location was significant (P<0.001) for plant stand, number of fingers, finger length and days to 50% flowering and peduncle length. The interaction effect between genotype and location was significant (P<0.001) for number of fingers, yield and harvest index. There were significant and positive correlation between ET and HI (r = 0.537***), ET and grain yield (r = 0.611***), root relative water content (RRWC) and HI (r=0.442***). Lines ICFX 1420314-2-1-1-1 (7), KNE 814 X Ex Alupe (P) P8-1-1-1-1 (24) and ICFX 1420415-3-1-1-2 (14) were identified as the most suitable genotypes for drought tolerance based on their superior morpho-physiological traits to withstand soil water deficit with higher grain yield. These identified genotypes can be recommended to farmers and incorporated in breeding programs to improve production in the semi-arid areas.","PeriodicalId":7675,"journal":{"name":"African Journal of Plant Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89105525","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
1 Department of Construction and Wood Technology Education, Akenten Appiah-Menka University of Skills Training and Entrepreneurial Development, Kumasi, Ghana. 2 Department of Forest Utilization, Eberswalde University for Sustainable Development, Schicklerstr, Eberswalde, Germany. 3 Department of Wood Science and Technology, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi-Ashanti, Ghana.
{"title":"Physical and mechanical properties of Holarrhena floribunda and Nesogordonia papaverifera branch wood in Ghana","authors":"Antwi Kwaku, Cremer Tobias, Frimpong Kwasi","doi":"10.5897/ajps2022.2228","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5897/ajps2022.2228","url":null,"abstract":"1 Department of Construction and Wood Technology Education, Akenten Appiah-Menka University of Skills Training and Entrepreneurial Development, Kumasi, Ghana. 2 Department of Forest Utilization, Eberswalde University for Sustainable Development, Schicklerstr, Eberswalde, Germany. 3 Department of Wood Science and Technology, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi-Ashanti, Ghana.","PeriodicalId":7675,"journal":{"name":"African Journal of Plant Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82685845","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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