Over 80% of Nigeria’s foreign exchange earnings come from the sales of crude petroleum. Nigeria has a landmass of 910,768 km2 with 38.97% arable, while 3.46% is suitable for the cultivation of permanent cash crops such as rubber, cocoa and palm trees. High-latex yields (3,000-3,500 kg dry natural rubber (NR)/ha/year) of Nigeria’s hybrid rubber seedlings is a preferred choice to most foreign species (900-1,600 kg dry NR/ha/year) for cultivation in sub-Saharan Africa. In 2018, Nigeria’s rubber export of US$41.8 million for global sales of US$13.1 billion was considered low compared to other African leading producers (Cote d'Ivoire-US$752.6 million, and Liberia-US$126.2 million). The present government’s efforts to increase rubber cultivation at an annual growth rate of 5.7%, could be instrumental to diversifying its revenue base as demand for rubber-derived products is on a global increase. The challenges faced by small-scale rubber farmers are being addressed by government through the provision of affordable credit facilities and improved genetic seedlings for planting. Potential markets exist for micronized rubber powders sourced from waste tyres for the production of value-added fine chemicals, road construction, athletic and recreational facilities etc. Also, slurries and biogas obtained from natural rubber processing plants can also act as catalysts for sustainable development of the economy. Key words: Nigeria, Agriculture sector, cash crops, rubber farming, rubber export, gross domestic product.
{"title":"Natural rubber (Hevea brasiliensis Mell.-Arg.) production, processing, and rubber wastes utilization: Challenges and prospects for economic diversification and sustainable development of Nigeria","authors":"S. E. Onoji, S. Iyuke, A. Igbafe, M. Daramola","doi":"10.5897/AJPS2020.2058","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5897/AJPS2020.2058","url":null,"abstract":"Over 80% of Nigeria’s foreign exchange earnings come from the sales of crude petroleum. Nigeria has a landmass of 910,768 km2 with 38.97% arable, while 3.46% is suitable for the cultivation of permanent cash crops such as rubber, cocoa and palm trees. High-latex yields (3,000-3,500 kg dry natural rubber (NR)/ha/year) of Nigeria’s hybrid rubber seedlings is a preferred choice to most foreign species (900-1,600 kg dry NR/ha/year) for cultivation in sub-Saharan Africa. In 2018, Nigeria’s rubber export of US$41.8 million for global sales of US$13.1 billion was considered low compared to other African leading producers (Cote d'Ivoire-US$752.6 million, and Liberia-US$126.2 million). The present government’s efforts to increase rubber cultivation at an annual growth rate of 5.7%, could be instrumental to diversifying its revenue base as demand for rubber-derived products is on a global increase. The challenges faced by small-scale rubber farmers are being addressed by government through the provision of affordable credit facilities and improved genetic seedlings for planting. Potential markets exist for micronized rubber powders sourced from waste tyres for the production of value-added fine chemicals, road construction, athletic and recreational facilities etc. Also, slurries and biogas obtained from natural rubber processing plants can also act as catalysts for sustainable development of the economy. \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 Key words: Nigeria, Agriculture sector, cash crops, rubber farming, rubber export, gross domestic product.","PeriodicalId":7675,"journal":{"name":"African Journal of Plant Science","volume":"36 1","pages":"8-19"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84707808","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A study was conducted in southern Mali to contribute to the domestication of Parkia biglobosa. Three agro climatic zones (North Sudanian “NS”, South Sudanian “SS” and North Guinean “NG”) and two stands (field and fallow) were concerned. Three plots of 0.25 ha each, were installed in each stand. Diameter at Breast Height (DBH), Total Height (TH) and Crown Diameter (CD) of adult trees were measured. The effect of agro-climatic zone on growth parameters was significant. The South and North Sudanian zones showed significantly higher means of DBH, TH and CD compared to the North Guinean zone. The mean DBH varied from 45.46 cm (NG) to 65.96 cm (NS). The mean TH varied from 10.68 m (NG) to 12.59 m (NS). The mean CD in the field stand varied from 10.50 m (NG) to 16.12 m (SS) and in fallow stand it varied from 11.21 m (SS) to 13.64 m (NS). Stand effect was not significant but the interaction zone*stand was significant. The effect of agro-climatic did not display an influence of the climatic gradient, suggesting that management practices played an important role in the growth of this species. Key words: Domestication, fallow, field, growth parameters, management practices, Parkland species.
在马里南部进行了一项研究，以促进对biglobosa的驯化。研究涉及三个农业气候带(北苏丹“NS”、南苏丹“SS”和北几内亚“NG”)和两个林分(田间和休耕)。在每个林分中设置了三个0.25公顷的地块。测定成树胸径(DBH)、总高度(TH)和树冠直径(CD)。农业气候带对生长参数的影响显著。南苏丹和北苏丹地区的胸径、胸径和胸径均值显著高于北几内亚地区。平均胸径为45.46 ~ 65.96 cm (NS)。平均TH在10.68 ~ 12.59 m (NS)之间变化。田间林分的平均CD值为10.50 ~ 16.12 m，休耕林分的平均CD值为11.21 ~ 13.64 m。林分效应不显著，但交互带*林分效应显著。农业气候的影响没有显示出气候梯度的影响，表明管理措施在该物种的生长中发挥了重要作用。关键词:驯化，休耕，田间，生长参数，管理措施，园林植物
W. Pauline, M. Robert, Nuradh Joseph, Miheso Manfred
Cape gooseberry (Physalis peruviana L.) is a neglected high potential crop, knowledge of the genetic diversity of the genotypes domesticated in Kenya is limited. To understand the genetic diversity and structure within and between Cape gooseberry germplasm, 70 accessions from six selected counties were analyzed using 15 pairs of highly polymorphic SSR primers. In this study, a total of 61 polymorphic SSR alleles were identified with mean polymorphic information content (PIC) of 0.43. Analysis of Molecular Variance (AMOVA) revealed that 92.8% of the total genetic variation was within accessions whereas variation among accessions accounted for 7.2% of the total genetic variation. Genetic diversity parameters among the 70 accessions revealed that Cape gooseberry was more diverse than previously recorded. Based on the SSR data, the 70 accessions were classified into five main phylogenetic groups, which corresponded to the county of origin through factorial analysis, principal component analysis (PCA), and phylogenetic analysis. Seven core SSR primer pairs, namely SSR1, SSR2, SSR10, SSR11, SSR123, SSR138, and SSR146 were found to have a wide applicability in genotype identification of cape gooseberry, and thus they are recommended for use in genetic characterization of germplasm collected from other counties not covered by the present study. This study demonstrated the existence of considerable genetic diversity in Cape gooseberry accessions growing in selected counties in Kenya and can therefore be used as a basis for future breeding programs in the development of hybrids with desirable traits. This wider genetic diversity is vital for posterity as it will help cope with unpredictable climatic changes and human needs. Key words: Simple sequence repeats (SSRs), genetic diversity, germplasm, Physalis peruviana L., polymorphic information content (PIC).
{"title":"Genetic characterization of Cape gooseberry (Physalis peruviana L.) accessions in selected counties in Kenya using SSR markers","authors":"W. Pauline, M. Robert, Nuradh Joseph, Miheso Manfred","doi":"10.5897/AJPS2020.2077","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5897/AJPS2020.2077","url":null,"abstract":"Cape gooseberry (Physalis peruviana L.) is a neglected high potential crop, knowledge of the genetic diversity of the genotypes domesticated in Kenya is limited. To understand the genetic diversity and structure within and between Cape gooseberry germplasm, 70 accessions from six selected counties were analyzed using 15 pairs of highly polymorphic SSR primers. In this study, a total of 61 polymorphic SSR alleles were identified with mean polymorphic information content (PIC) of 0.43. Analysis of Molecular Variance (AMOVA) revealed that 92.8% of the total genetic variation was within accessions whereas variation among accessions accounted for 7.2% of the total genetic variation. Genetic diversity parameters among the 70 accessions revealed that Cape gooseberry was more diverse than previously recorded. Based on the SSR data, the 70 accessions were classified into five main phylogenetic groups, which corresponded to the county of origin through factorial analysis, principal component analysis (PCA), and phylogenetic analysis. Seven core SSR primer pairs, namely SSR1, SSR2, SSR10, SSR11, SSR123, SSR138, and SSR146 were found to have a wide applicability in genotype identification of cape gooseberry, and thus they are recommended for use in genetic characterization of germplasm collected from other counties not covered by the present study. This study demonstrated the existence of considerable genetic diversity in Cape gooseberry accessions growing in selected counties in Kenya and can therefore be used as a basis for future breeding programs in the development of hybrids with desirable traits. This wider genetic diversity is vital for posterity as it will help cope with unpredictable climatic changes and human needs. \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 Key words: Simple sequence repeats (SSRs), genetic diversity, germplasm, Physalis peruviana L., polymorphic information content (PIC).","PeriodicalId":7675,"journal":{"name":"African Journal of Plant Science","volume":"22 1","pages":"28-38"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80469513","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In this study of different taxa of genus Vigna the macro and micromorphological characters were investigated. These taxa collected from different countries (3 cultivated and 8 annual or perennial herbs) representing 7 species of this genus, namely: Vigna radiate, Vigna trilobata, Vigna vexillata, Vigna caracalla, Vigna pubescens, Vigna unguiculata, and Vigna luteola. Legume features such as shape, colour, size, surface texture, number of locules, number of legumes per peduncle seed set percentage, orientation. Moreover, by using scanning electron microscopy, additional details were obtained for stomatal shape, size, type, cuticular and wax ornamentation of the surface of the mature pod, including details of the seed such as hilum shape, size, position, ornamentation based on scanning electron microscope evidence. The usefulness of the macro and micromorphological features as criteria for taxonomic identification was emphasized. Key words: Vigna, Fabaceae, morphological characters, pod, hilum, S.E.M., taxonomy.
{"title":"Morphological studies on legume and hilum in seven species of Vigna Savi (Fabaceae)","authors":"A. Gaafar","doi":"10.5897/AJPS2020.2075","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5897/AJPS2020.2075","url":null,"abstract":"In this study of different taxa of genus Vigna the macro and micromorphological characters were investigated. These taxa collected from different countries (3 cultivated and 8 annual or perennial herbs) representing 7 species of this genus, namely: Vigna radiate, Vigna trilobata, Vigna vexillata, Vigna caracalla, Vigna pubescens, Vigna unguiculata, and Vigna luteola. Legume features such as shape, colour, size, surface texture, number of locules, number of legumes per peduncle seed set percentage, orientation. Moreover, by using scanning electron microscopy, additional details were obtained for stomatal shape, size, type, cuticular and wax ornamentation of the surface of the mature pod, including details of the seed such as hilum shape, size, position, ornamentation based on scanning electron microscope evidence. The usefulness of the macro and micromorphological features as criteria for taxonomic identification was emphasized. \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 Key words: Vigna, Fabaceae, morphological characters, pod, hilum, S.E.M., taxonomy.","PeriodicalId":7675,"journal":{"name":"African Journal of Plant Science","volume":"58 1","pages":"470-480"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77830536","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The objective of this research was to evaluate wheat genotypes for yield and yield characteristics under the low land area of Arba Minch, Southern Ethiopia. A field experiment was conducted with 27 bread wheat genotypes in a randomized complete block design with two replications at Amibara Farm, Arba Minch from March to June 2020. Varieties differed significantly (p<0.01) for the yield related characters and yield. The major findings include identification of varieties with earliest heading and physiological maturity, highest number of effective tillers formed, ear length and spikelets in the ear, grains in ear and spikelet, thousand grains weight, and grain yield. It could be concluded that varieties, Lucy, Fentale-1, Amibara-2, Alidoro, Ogolcha, Daka, Fentale-2, Ga’ambo, Amibara-1 and Werer-2 were high yielding under lowland area at Arba Minch. It is recommended that these varieties should be further tested for identification and selection of high yielding ones for lowland areas in Southern Ethiopia. Key words: Bread wheat, varieties, yield characteristics, grain yield, lowland, Ethiopia.
{"title":"Evaluation of wheat genotypes (Triticum aestivum L.) for yield and yield characteristics under low land area at Arba Minch, Southern Ethiopia","authors":"Abdul Qayyum Khan, B. L. Robe, A. Girma","doi":"10.5897/AJPS2020.2072","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5897/AJPS2020.2072","url":null,"abstract":"The objective of this research was to evaluate wheat genotypes for yield and yield characteristics under the low land area of Arba Minch, Southern Ethiopia. A field experiment was conducted with 27 bread wheat genotypes in a randomized complete block design with two replications at Amibara Farm, Arba Minch from March to June 2020. Varieties differed significantly (p<0.01) for the yield related characters and yield. The major findings include identification of varieties with earliest heading and physiological maturity, highest number of effective tillers formed, ear length and spikelets in the ear, grains in ear and spikelet, thousand grains weight, and grain yield. It could be concluded that varieties, Lucy, Fentale-1, Amibara-2, Alidoro, Ogolcha, Daka, Fentale-2, Ga’ambo, Amibara-1 and Werer-2 were high yielding under lowland area at Arba Minch. It is recommended that these varieties should be further tested for identification and selection of high yielding ones for lowland areas in Southern Ethiopia. \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 Key words: Bread wheat, varieties, yield characteristics, grain yield, lowland, Ethiopia.","PeriodicalId":7675,"journal":{"name":"African Journal of Plant Science","volume":"18 1","pages":"461-469"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82089547","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.) is a leguminous crop with high economic and nutritional value. However, increased production is hampered by Cercospora leaf spot (CLS) caused by Cercospora arachidicola and Cercosporidium personatum. Studies were conducted in vitro and in vivo to evaluate the efficacy of aqueous extracts of desert date seed (DDSE), neem seed (NSE), jatropha seed (JSE) and tobacco leaf (TLE) for the management of CLS. The antifungal activities of 25, 50, 75 and 100 g/l concentrations of each of the plant extracts was assessed in vitro on potato dextrose agar using the food poison technique. The field study was a factorial experiment consisting of 18 treatments laid in a Randomised Complete Block Design with four replications over two cropping seasons. The in vitro results revealed that all the botanicals at 100 g/l recorded the highest inhibition percentages. DDSE at 100 g/l significantly (P < 0.001) inhibited the highest mycelia growths compared to other levels of plant extracts used with inhibition percentages of 90.33 and 84.96% in C. arachidicola and C. personatum, respectively. Three out of the four aqueous extracts (DDSE, NSE and JSE) at 100 g/l significantly (P < 0.05) lowered disease incidence, severity and defoliation in the field and increased yield. Pod yield was significantly (P < 0.05) higher in plants treated with JSE, NSE, DDSE and Topsin-M, compared to those treated with TLE and the negative control plants. For most of the parameters, DDSE produced similar results as Topsin-M followed by NSE and JSE. Farmers can adopt DDSE, NSE and JSE as alternatives to fungicides leading to minimal effect on the environment since they are biodegradable. Key words: Cercospora leaf spot, plant extracts, groundnut, incidence, severity, aqueous.
{"title":"Evaluation of plant extracts for the management of Cercospora leaf spot of groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.)","authors":"M. Neindow, E. Sowley, F. Kankam","doi":"10.5897/AJPS2020.2029","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5897/AJPS2020.2029","url":null,"abstract":"Groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.) is a leguminous crop with high economic and nutritional value. However, increased production is hampered by Cercospora leaf spot (CLS) caused by Cercospora arachidicola and Cercosporidium personatum. Studies were conducted in vitro and in vivo to evaluate the efficacy of aqueous extracts of desert date seed (DDSE), neem seed (NSE), jatropha seed (JSE) and tobacco leaf (TLE) for the management of CLS. The antifungal activities of 25, 50, 75 and 100 g/l concentrations of each of the plant extracts was assessed in vitro on potato dextrose agar using the food poison technique. The field study was a factorial experiment consisting of 18 treatments laid in a Randomised Complete Block Design with four replications over two cropping seasons. The in vitro results revealed that all the botanicals at 100 g/l recorded the highest inhibition percentages. DDSE at 100 g/l significantly (P < 0.001) inhibited the highest mycelia growths compared to other levels of plant extracts used with inhibition percentages of 90.33 and 84.96% in C. arachidicola and C. personatum, respectively. Three out of the four aqueous extracts (DDSE, NSE and JSE) at 100 g/l significantly (P < 0.05) lowered disease incidence, severity and defoliation in the field and increased yield. Pod yield was significantly (P < 0.05) higher in plants treated with JSE, NSE, DDSE and Topsin-M, compared to those treated with TLE and the negative control plants. For most of the parameters, DDSE produced similar results as Topsin-M followed by NSE and JSE. Farmers can adopt DDSE, NSE and JSE as alternatives to fungicides leading to minimal effect on the environment since they are biodegradable. \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 Key words: Cercospora leaf spot, plant extracts, groundnut, incidence, severity, aqueous.","PeriodicalId":7675,"journal":{"name":"African Journal of Plant Science","volume":"15 1","pages":"443-450"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82138021","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Selection of wheat varieties that have improved adaptation to abiotic stress is important for increasing and stabilizing yields under fluctuating environmental conditions, especially as global climate changes. A trial to estimate adaptation of wheat (Triticum turgidum subsp. durum) genotypes to abiotic stress has been performed, in a growth chamber. By counting the number of dead (yellow) plants, together with yellow and green leaves, and hence traits that easily can be also detected by automatized phenotyping platforms, were analyzed for the effects of optimal watering, progressive water deficit and different levels of heat stress. “Trinakria” variety and two Trinakria mutants (“Water-mutant” and “Hg-mutant”) altered for water-related physiological traits were examined. The use of very genetically close genotypes had the aim to minimize differences in stress response due to asynchronous phenological development and to evaluate better the protocol usefulness to detect minimal phenotypic differences, such as those found between advanced breeding lines, at the final stages of a breeding program. Results showed that Trinakria had a significantly greater % of green leaves under drought stress and retained green leaf after heat stress ceased. In contrast, the two mutants had improved plant survival after moderate heat stress. In conclusion, an examination of leaf color changes under moderate water deficit and heat stress was sufficient in a differential comparison of genotypic performances. Key words: Abiotic stress, leaf color, phenotyping, wheat.
{"title":"Indoor characterization of three durum wheat genotypes exposed to drought and heat stress during early vegetative growth stages","authors":"A. Rascio, F. Fiorillo","doi":"10.5897/AJPS2020.2026","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5897/AJPS2020.2026","url":null,"abstract":"Selection of wheat varieties that have improved adaptation to abiotic stress is important for increasing and stabilizing yields under fluctuating environmental conditions, especially as global climate changes. A trial to estimate adaptation of wheat (Triticum turgidum subsp. durum) genotypes to abiotic stress has been performed, in a growth chamber. By counting the number of dead (yellow) plants, together with yellow and green leaves, and hence traits that easily can be also detected by automatized phenotyping platforms, were analyzed for the effects of optimal watering, progressive water deficit and different levels of heat stress. “Trinakria” variety and two Trinakria mutants (“Water-mutant” and “Hg-mutant”) altered for water-related physiological traits were examined. The use of very genetically close genotypes had the aim to minimize differences in stress response due to asynchronous phenological development and to evaluate better the protocol usefulness to detect minimal phenotypic differences, such as those found between advanced breeding lines, at the final stages of a breeding program. Results showed that Trinakria had a significantly greater % of green leaves under drought stress and retained green leaf after heat stress ceased. In contrast, the two mutants had improved plant survival after moderate heat stress. In conclusion, an examination of leaf color changes under moderate water deficit and heat stress was sufficient in a differential comparison of genotypic performances. \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 Key words: Abiotic stress, leaf color, phenotyping, wheat.","PeriodicalId":7675,"journal":{"name":"African Journal of Plant Science","volume":"29 1","pages":"436-442"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84298188","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
S. Nankone, Elise Sanon, B. Sawadogo, K. Dabiré, M. L. Guissou
Phellinus sensu lato is a genus of polypores that are morphologically, biologically and phylogenetically highly diverse. This genus is composed of sessile and lignicolous species. Species belonging to this genus are found in all regions of the world where they decompose wood or live as tree parasites. In Burkina Faso, few studies have been conducted on this taxonomic group. Thus, these collections were carried out respectively in the classified forest of Kou (Bobo Dioulasso) and the Tin landscape (Orodara). These two sites have forest formations that provide a biotope favourable to the development of polypores. Data collection was carried out randomly along the 200 to 300 meter long transects. Basidiomes were collected from the trunk, branches or roots of forest trees using a machete. The geographic coordinates as well as the morphological characteristics of each sample were carefully noted in the field. Anatomo-morphological and ecological studies permitted to identify three (03) species. They are Phellinus cf. igniarius, Phellinus cf. leavigatus and Phellinus cf. robustus. All these species are perennial, tough and have a woody consistency. These species were collected for the first time on Parkia biglobosa, and Anogeissus leiocarpus in Burkina Faso. Key words: Phellinus, polypores, ecology, morphology, Burkina Faso.
{"title":"Ecology and morphological characterization of the genus Phellinus sensu-lato (Basidiomycetes, Hymenochaetaceae) in Burkina Faso","authors":"S. Nankone, Elise Sanon, B. Sawadogo, K. Dabiré, M. L. Guissou","doi":"10.5897/AJPS2020.2092","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5897/AJPS2020.2092","url":null,"abstract":"Phellinus sensu lato is a genus of polypores that are morphologically, biologically and phylogenetically highly diverse. This genus is composed of sessile and lignicolous species. Species belonging to this genus are found in all regions of the world where they decompose wood or live as tree parasites. In Burkina Faso, few studies have been conducted on this taxonomic group. Thus, these collections were carried out respectively in the classified forest of Kou (Bobo Dioulasso) and the Tin landscape (Orodara). These two sites have forest formations that provide a biotope favourable to the development of polypores. Data collection was carried out randomly along the 200 to 300 meter long transects. Basidiomes were collected from the trunk, branches or roots of forest trees using a machete. The geographic coordinates as well as the morphological characteristics of each sample were carefully noted in the field. Anatomo-morphological and ecological studies permitted to identify three (03) species. They are Phellinus cf. igniarius, Phellinus cf. leavigatus and Phellinus cf. robustus. All these species are perennial, tough and have a woody consistency. These species were collected for the first time on Parkia biglobosa, and Anogeissus leiocarpus in Burkina Faso. \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 Key words: Phellinus, polypores, ecology, morphology, Burkina Faso.","PeriodicalId":7675,"journal":{"name":"African Journal of Plant Science","volume":"109 1","pages":"451-460"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77619816","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
R. Muriuki, P. Kimurto, B. Towett, V. Vadez, R. Gangarao
Roots are among the first defence towards drought with other morpho-physiological and biochemical mechanisms employed by plants. To understand precisely the root traits contribution towards yield, parental chickpea genotypes with well known drought response were field evaluated under drought and optimal irrigation in rain-out shelter. A total of ten genotypes planted in 1.2 m PVC lysimeters were subjected to three water stress levels: high moisture stress, medium water stress, and low water stresses. Root traits, such as root length density, total root dry weight, root dry weight and root: shoot ratio, were measured at 40 days after sowing. The roots were washed and scanned using WinRHIZO software. The ANOVA showed that there was significant difference (P < 0.05) in traits measured amongst test genotypes which included shoot biomass, root biomass, total root length (RL) and root length density (RLD). The results also showed that there were significant variations (P < 0.05) in water regimes and traits decreased with increasing moisture stress from low to high moisture regime. Furthermore, there were variations in root anatomy between the two major chickpea types where majority of the best performing genotypes under low moisture regimes were of the Desi type (e.g. ICC 4958, ICCV 00108, ICCV 92944 and ICCV 92318) as compared to Kabulis which had better and higher response under high moisture regime in this study. These traits could be used for indirect selection for drought tolerance especially in early stages of breeding for drought tolerance which would consequently reduce the cost of multi-location field evaluation in the breeding programs. Key words: Genotypes, Chickpea Cicer arietinum L., drought stress, root traits.
{"title":"Study of root traits of chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) under drought stress","authors":"R. Muriuki, P. Kimurto, B. Towett, V. Vadez, R. Gangarao","doi":"10.5897/AJPS2019.1819","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5897/AJPS2019.1819","url":null,"abstract":"Roots are among the first defence towards drought with other morpho-physiological and biochemical mechanisms employed by plants. To understand precisely the root traits contribution towards yield, parental chickpea genotypes with well known drought response were field evaluated under drought and optimal irrigation in rain-out shelter. A total of ten genotypes planted in 1.2 m PVC lysimeters were subjected to three water stress levels: high moisture stress, medium water stress, and low water stresses. Root traits, such as root length density, total root dry weight, root dry weight and root: shoot ratio, were measured at 40 days after sowing. The roots were washed and scanned using WinRHIZO software. The ANOVA showed that there was significant difference (P < 0.05) in traits measured amongst test genotypes which included shoot biomass, root biomass, total root length (RL) and root length density (RLD). The results also showed that there were significant variations (P < 0.05) in water regimes and traits decreased with increasing moisture stress from low to high moisture regime. Furthermore, there were variations in root anatomy between the two major chickpea types where majority of the best performing genotypes under low moisture regimes were of the Desi type (e.g. ICC 4958, ICCV 00108, ICCV 92944 and ICCV 92318) as compared to Kabulis which had better and higher response under high moisture regime in this study. These traits could be used for indirect selection for drought tolerance especially in early stages of breeding for drought tolerance which would consequently reduce the cost of multi-location field evaluation in the breeding programs. \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 Key words: Genotypes, Chickpea Cicer arietinum L., drought stress, root traits.","PeriodicalId":7675,"journal":{"name":"African Journal of Plant Science","volume":"71 1","pages":"420-435"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88964353","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
B. Beyene, Temesgen Matiwos Menamo, Gizachew Haile
Conventional propagation methods of sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas L. var Kulfo) through stem cutting require large amount of propagules and large space for preparation. It has high risk of disease transmission to the next generation. In vitro propagation is the best alternative to overcome such limitations. This study was conducted to optimize protocol for in vitro propagation of Kulfo sweet potato variety using 6-benzylaminopurine (BAP) and indole-3-butyric acid (IBA) phytohormones for shoot multiplication and rooting, respectively. The result revealed that the highest shoot initiation (77.78%) and shoot length (4.40 cm) was observed in MS media supplemented with 0.5 mg/l BAP. Best shoot multiplication (5.33 shoots per explants) was obtained in MS medium supplemented with 1 mg/l BAP. MS medium supplemented with 0.5 mg/l IBA showed 100% rooting and average root length of 7.44 cm in vitro. In ex vitro conditions, 93.33% rooting was recorded. During acclimatization, 84 and 93% survival of in vitro and ex vitro rooted plantlets, respectively, were recorded. It could be concluded that MS media without BAP provides optimal condition for shoot initiation. MS supplemented with 1 mg/l BAP provides optimum condition for shoot multiplication. The ex vitro rooting could be better option to reduce in vitro rooting cost and for increased plantlet survival during acclimatization. Based on the result, 0.5 mg/l BAP for shoot initiation, 1 mg/l BAP of shoot multiplication and directly transferring to soil for rooting was recommended for micropropagation of Kulfo sweet potato variety. However, further studies will be needed in ex vitro root induction. Key words: Sweet potato, micropropagation, shoot tip culture.
{"title":"Protocol optimization for in vitro propagation of Kulfo, orange flesh sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas) variety using shoot tip culture","authors":"B. Beyene, Temesgen Matiwos Menamo, Gizachew Haile","doi":"10.5897/ajps2017.1621","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5897/ajps2017.1621","url":null,"abstract":"Conventional propagation methods of sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas L. var Kulfo) through stem cutting require large amount of propagules and large space for preparation. It has high risk of disease transmission to the next generation. In vitro propagation is the best alternative to overcome such limitations. This study was conducted to optimize protocol for in vitro propagation of Kulfo sweet potato variety using 6-benzylaminopurine (BAP) and indole-3-butyric acid (IBA) phytohormones for shoot multiplication and rooting, respectively. The result revealed that the highest shoot initiation (77.78%) and shoot length (4.40 cm) was observed in MS media supplemented with 0.5 mg/l BAP. Best shoot multiplication (5.33 shoots per explants) was obtained in MS medium supplemented with 1 mg/l BAP. MS medium supplemented with 0.5 mg/l IBA showed 100% rooting and average root length of 7.44 cm in vitro. In ex vitro conditions, 93.33% rooting was recorded. During acclimatization, 84 and 93% survival of in vitro and ex vitro rooted plantlets, respectively, were recorded. It could be concluded that MS media without BAP provides optimal condition for shoot initiation. MS supplemented with 1 mg/l BAP provides optimum condition for shoot multiplication. The ex vitro rooting could be better option to reduce in vitro rooting cost and for increased plantlet survival during acclimatization. Based on the result, 0.5 mg/l BAP for shoot initiation, 1 mg/l BAP of shoot multiplication and directly transferring to soil for rooting was recommended for micropropagation of Kulfo sweet potato variety. However, further studies will be needed in ex vitro root induction. \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 Key words: Sweet potato, micropropagation, shoot tip culture.","PeriodicalId":7675,"journal":{"name":"African Journal of Plant Science","volume":"28 1","pages":"395-401"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81783368","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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