J. Ochieng, R. Gesimba, M. Oyoo, P. Korir, J. Owuoche, M. Miheso
The variation of morphological and physiological traits of blackberry (Rubus subgenus Rubus Watson) is vital for successful breeding of the fruit crop. The objective of this study was to characterize blackberry accessions in-situ using morphological descriptors in Kenya. Each blackberry accession was nested within its county of collection. A phylogenetic tree was then constructed using the Gower’s coefficient which clustered the accessions into two classes; I and II consisting of 1 and 89 accessions, respectively. The clustering of accessions did not show an association between the origin of collection and the accessions. Principal Component Analysis (PCA) revealed ten axes of which seven had a cumulative variation of 96.30% with the first two axes having a discriminatory variance of 52.71%. This suggests that variables identified in this study could be used to differentiate blackberry accessions morphologically. This study demonstrated that the number of internodes per average growing shoots, thorniness of the plant and length of internode were associated with the first axis with Eigenvalue of 27.79%. Plant thorniness was also associated with the second axis with Eigenvalue of 24.92%. These results suggest that there exists qualitative and quantitative variation among blackberry accessions in Kenya that can be utilized in breeding. Key words: Morphological diversity, Rubus subgenus Rubus Watson, accessions, cluster analysis.
{"title":"Morphological characterization of blackberry (Rubus subgenus Rubus Watson) genetic resources in Kenya","authors":"J. Ochieng, R. Gesimba, M. Oyoo, P. Korir, J. Owuoche, M. Miheso","doi":"10.5897/ajps2018.1703","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5897/ajps2018.1703","url":null,"abstract":"The variation of morphological and physiological traits of blackberry (Rubus subgenus Rubus Watson) is vital for successful breeding of the fruit crop. The objective of this study was to characterize blackberry accessions in-situ using morphological descriptors in Kenya. Each blackberry accession was nested within its county of collection. A phylogenetic tree was then constructed using the Gower’s coefficient which clustered the accessions into two classes; I and II consisting of 1 and 89 accessions, respectively. The clustering of accessions did not show an association between the origin of collection and the accessions. Principal Component Analysis (PCA) revealed ten axes of which seven had a cumulative variation of 96.30% with the first two axes having a discriminatory variance of 52.71%. This suggests that variables identified in this study could be used to differentiate blackberry accessions morphologically. This study demonstrated that the number of internodes per average growing shoots, thorniness of the plant and length of internode were associated with the first axis with Eigenvalue of 27.79%. Plant thorniness was also associated with the second axis with Eigenvalue of 24.92%. These results suggest that there exists qualitative and quantitative variation among blackberry accessions in Kenya that can be utilized in breeding. \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 Key words: Morphological diversity, Rubus subgenus Rubus Watson, accessions, cluster analysis.","PeriodicalId":7675,"journal":{"name":"African Journal of Plant Science","volume":"26 1","pages":"297-308"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90816977","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ethnobotanical study of medicinal plants is inadequate in Ethiopia in general, and in Chiro District in particular. Therefore, this study documents medicinal plant utilization, management and the threats encountered on them. The study was conducted from April 2017 to June 2018. Forty eight informants were purposively selected. Socio-economic and botanical data were gathered using group discussions, semi-structured interviews, and field observations and analysed using informant consensus factor, preference ranking and paired comparison methods. The result revealed that 60 plant species from 42 families and 58 genera were used as trational medicine to treat human and animal diseases. The Euphorbiaceae were represented by 7 species, followed by Asteraceae (5 species), Myrtaceae and Solanaceae (3 species each), Lamiaceae, Brassicaceae and Polygonaceae (two species each). Of the 60 species, 22 (36.67%) were herbs, followed by shrubs (n=19, 31.67%), trees (n=16, 26.66%) and climbers (n=3, 5.0%). In the study area the most significant threat to medicinal plants is agricultural expansion. Even though the study revealed that the area is enriched with medicinal plant diversity, awareness should be done to enhance the conservation of medicinal plants. Key words: Ethnomedicine, Chiro district, medicinal plants.
{"title":"An ethnobotanical study of medicinal plants in chiro district, West Hararghe, Ethiopia","authors":"Amare Fassil, G. Gashaw","doi":"10.5897/ajps2019.1911","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5897/ajps2019.1911","url":null,"abstract":"Ethnobotanical study of medicinal plants is inadequate in Ethiopia in general, and in Chiro District in particular. Therefore, this study documents medicinal plant utilization, management and the threats encountered on them. The study was conducted from April 2017 to June 2018. Forty eight informants were purposively selected. Socio-economic and botanical data were gathered using group discussions, semi-structured interviews, and field observations and analysed using informant consensus factor, preference ranking and paired comparison methods. The result revealed that 60 plant species from 42 families and 58 genera were used as trational medicine to treat human and animal diseases. The Euphorbiaceae were represented by 7 species, followed by Asteraceae (5 species), Myrtaceae and Solanaceae (3 species each), Lamiaceae, Brassicaceae and Polygonaceae (two species each). Of the 60 species, 22 (36.67%) were herbs, followed by shrubs (n=19, 31.67%), trees (n=16, 26.66%) and climbers (n=3, 5.0%). In the study area the most significant threat to medicinal plants is agricultural expansion. Even though the study revealed that the area is enriched with medicinal plant diversity, awareness should be done to enhance the conservation of medicinal plants. \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 Key words: Ethnomedicine, Chiro district, medicinal plants.","PeriodicalId":7675,"journal":{"name":"African Journal of Plant Science","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89315737","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Black pod disease (BPD) is reputed for its regular occurrence in Africa and around the world with high propensity for massive destruction of cocoa pods in the field and total yield loss per season if proper management strategies are not applied. This research was designed to provide useful and timely information on BPD outbreak, its intensity and specific areas expected to be massively affected by the disease in Nigeria. Twelve (12) research locations were mapped out from four important cocoa producing states in Southwest, Nigeria for BPD assessment and forecast. The BPD forecast system “ETAPOD” accurately predicted BPD outbreak in Ondo (Ọwena and Waasimi) and Osun (Adaagba, Iyanfọwọrọgi, and Owode-Igangan), but it failed to give accurate predictions for Ogun (Ǫbafemi-Owode) and Oyo (Moye village, Daagi-Logba and Oloro village) states. The performance of ETAPOD was greatly affected by the credibility of the data fed into the system, this can be improved on. ETAPOD predicted BPD outbreak closely within the range of natural BPD occurrences. Key words: Disease forecast, black pod disease (BPD) outbreak, total yield loss, ETAPOD, data credibility.
{"title":"Plant disease forecast and modern dynamism in black pod disease management in Nigeria","authors":"P. M. Etaware","doi":"10.5897/ajps2019.1846","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5897/ajps2019.1846","url":null,"abstract":"Black pod disease (BPD) is reputed for its regular occurrence in Africa and around the world with high propensity for massive destruction of cocoa pods in the field and total yield loss per season if proper management strategies are not applied. This research was designed to provide useful and timely information on BPD outbreak, its intensity and specific areas expected to be massively affected by the disease in Nigeria. Twelve (12) research locations were mapped out from four important cocoa producing states in Southwest, Nigeria for BPD assessment and forecast. The BPD forecast system “ETAPOD” accurately predicted BPD outbreak in Ondo (Ọwena and Waasimi) and Osun (Adaagba, Iyanfọwọrọgi, and Owode-Igangan), but it failed to give accurate predictions for Ogun (Ǫbafemi-Owode) and Oyo (Moye village, Daagi-Logba and Oloro village) states. The performance of ETAPOD was greatly affected by the credibility of the data fed into the system, this can be improved on. ETAPOD predicted BPD outbreak closely within the range of natural BPD occurrences. \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 Key words: Disease forecast, black pod disease (BPD) outbreak, total yield loss, ETAPOD, data credibility.","PeriodicalId":7675,"journal":{"name":"African Journal of Plant Science","volume":"29 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88824496","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Mejury Shiri, R. Mudyiwa, M. Takawira, Collen Musara, Tsvakai Gama
Duranta erecta is popularly grown as an ornamental plant in tropical and semi-tropical gardens. Current demands for the shrub have prompted the need for effective propagation methods. In this study, the influence of indole-3butyric acid (IBA) hormone concentration and media on rooting of D. erecta propagated from tip cuttings under greenhouse conditions were investigated. IBA hormone was used in three concentrations (2500, 5000, and 7500 ppm) and 0 ppm was the control. The study consisted of three media types (river sand, pine bark, a mixture of peat and perlite at a 1:1 ratio). The experiment was arranged in a 3×4 factorial layout in Randomized Complete Block Design replicated 3 times. Cutting survival, root length and number, shoot length and number were analysed. There was no interaction (P>0.001) between IBA concentration and media for all the measured parameters. The results showed that the optimum concentration of IBA is 5000 ppm, beyond which were inhibitory in all parameters except on root length. Type of media influenced survival and shoot number with pine bark giving the highest but did not affect root number, root length and shoot number. Key words: Duranta erecta, rooting, cuttings, media, river sand, pinebark, peat-lite.
{"title":"Effects of rooting media and indole-3-butyric acid (IBA) concentration on rooting and shoot development of Duranta erecta tip cuttings","authors":"Mejury Shiri, R. Mudyiwa, M. Takawira, Collen Musara, Tsvakai Gama","doi":"10.5897/ajps2019.1851","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5897/ajps2019.1851","url":null,"abstract":"Duranta erecta is popularly grown as an ornamental plant in tropical and semi-tropical gardens. Current demands for the shrub have prompted the need for effective propagation methods. In this study, the influence of indole-3butyric acid (IBA) hormone concentration and media on rooting of D. erecta propagated from tip cuttings under greenhouse conditions were investigated. IBA hormone was used in three concentrations (2500, 5000, and 7500 ppm) and 0 ppm was the control. The study consisted of three media types (river sand, pine bark, a mixture of peat and perlite at a 1:1 ratio). The experiment was arranged in a 3×4 factorial layout in Randomized Complete Block Design replicated 3 times. Cutting survival, root length and number, shoot length and number were analysed. There was no interaction (P>0.001) between IBA concentration and media for all the measured parameters. The results showed that the optimum concentration of IBA is 5000 ppm, beyond which were inhibitory in all parameters except on root length. Type of media influenced survival and shoot number with pine bark giving the highest but did not affect root number, root length and shoot number. \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 Key words: Duranta erecta, rooting, cuttings, media, river sand, pinebark, peat-lite.","PeriodicalId":7675,"journal":{"name":"African Journal of Plant Science","volume":"37 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75498241","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Potato is very important food and cash crop in Ethiopia. However, a factor like poor soil fertility is a critical challenge of its productivity. Nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) are first and second essential macro-elements and are limiting nutrient in potato production. Therefore, a field experiment was conducted to assess response of N and P fertilizers and select economically feasible fertilizer rate for a rainy season. Four levels of N (0, 55, 110, 165 kgha-1) and 4 levels of P (0, 45, 90, 135 kgha-1) were combined in 4×4 factorial arrangement in randomized complete block design with 3 replications. Raising the application of NP fertilizer levels to 165 and 135 kgha-1 delayed days to flowering (9.48 and 4.46 days), while maturity extends 14 and 10.18 at Dabark and Dabat, respectively. Application of 110 to 90 and 165 to 45 kgha-1 NP increased marketable tuber number by 122 and 119%, respectively. Similarly, 165 to 90 and 165 to 45 kgha-1 NP raised marketable tuber yield by 141.8 and 127.5%. However, both 165 to 90 and 165 to 45 kgha-1 NP had MRR below acceptable level (<100%). In contrary, application of 110 to 90 kg ha-1 NP resulted in 136.6 and 125.4% marketable tuber yield increment and MRR of 1993.72% for Dabark and 1376.5% for Dabat location. Therefore, application of 110 to 90 kgha-1 NP was proven to have high MRR and can be used for the studied areas. Key words: Marginal rate of return, Solanum tuberosum, marketable tuber yield, interaction effect, main effect.
{"title":"Effects and economically feasible rates of nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizers on potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) production for rainy season","authors":"Solomon Fantaw, Derajew Asres, Aleminew Tagele","doi":"10.5897/AJPS2019.1790","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5897/AJPS2019.1790","url":null,"abstract":"Potato is very important food and cash crop in Ethiopia. However, a factor like poor soil fertility is a critical challenge of its productivity. Nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) are first and second essential macro-elements and are limiting nutrient in potato production. Therefore, a field experiment was conducted to assess response of N and P fertilizers and select economically feasible fertilizer rate for a rainy season. Four levels of N (0, 55, 110, 165 kgha-1) and 4 levels of P (0, 45, 90, 135 kgha-1) were combined in 4×4 factorial arrangement in randomized complete block design with 3 replications. Raising the application of NP fertilizer levels to 165 and 135 kgha-1 delayed days to flowering (9.48 and 4.46 days), while maturity extends 14 and 10.18 at Dabark and Dabat, respectively. Application of 110 to 90 and 165 to 45 kgha-1 NP increased marketable tuber number by 122 and 119%, respectively. Similarly, 165 to 90 and 165 to 45 kgha-1 NP raised marketable tuber yield by 141.8 and 127.5%. However, both 165 to 90 and 165 to 45 kgha-1 NP had MRR below acceptable level (<100%). In contrary, application of 110 to 90 kg ha-1 NP resulted in 136.6 and 125.4% marketable tuber yield increment and MRR of 1993.72% for Dabark and 1376.5% for Dabat location. Therefore, application of 110 to 90 kgha-1 NP was proven to have high MRR and can be used for the studied areas. \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 Key words: Marginal rate of return, Solanum tuberosum, marketable tuber yield, interaction effect, main effect.","PeriodicalId":7675,"journal":{"name":"African Journal of Plant Science","volume":"1 1","pages":"286-296"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79843329","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Twenty four inbred lines developed by the Ethiopian National Maize Breeding Program were evaluated at Jimma Agricultural Research Center during the main season of the year 2016 in an 8 X 3 Alpha Lattice (0, 1) design with three replications. The objective was to determine the phenotypic and genotypic association among traits in Ethiopian maize inbred lines and to compare the direct and indirect effects of traits on grain yield. Analysis of variance showed statistically significant (p<0.01) differences among the tested maize inbred lines for most of the traits indicating the existence of sufficient genetic variability which can be exploited in future breeding programs. Grain yield per hectare, thousand kernels weight, ear height, ear diameter, anthesis-silking interval, and plant aspect had higher phenotypic and genotypic coefficients of variation. Grain yield showed positive and highly significant (p<0.01) genotypic association with ear diameter, number of kernels per row, days to 50% silking, number of kernel rows per ear, 1000-kernels weight and leaf width. Grain yield also had positive and highly significant (p<0.01) phenotypic correlation with number of kernels per row and ear diameter. Path coefficient analysis revealed that number of kernels per row, number of kernel rows per ear, plant height, days to maturity, 1000-kernels weight, leaf width and plant aspect had a positive direct genotypic effect on grain yield. Number of kernels per row, number of kernel rows per ear, plant height and 1000-kernels weight exerted high direct effects and also indicated positive and strong association with grain yield indicating that they can be used for indirect selection of inbred lines having higher yield potential per se. Key words: Character association, inbred lines, morphological traits, path coefficient analysis.
{"title":"Association and path coefficient analysis among grain yield and related traits in Ethiopian maize (Zea mays L.) inbred lines","authors":"Jilo Tadesse, T. Leta","doi":"10.5897/ajps2019.1784","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5897/ajps2019.1784","url":null,"abstract":"Twenty four inbred lines developed by the Ethiopian National Maize Breeding Program were evaluated at Jimma Agricultural Research Center during the main season of the year 2016 in an 8 X 3 Alpha Lattice (0, 1) design with three replications. The objective was to determine the phenotypic and genotypic association among traits in Ethiopian maize inbred lines and to compare the direct and indirect effects of traits on grain yield. Analysis of variance showed statistically significant (p<0.01) differences among the tested maize inbred lines for most of the traits indicating the existence of sufficient genetic variability which can be exploited in future breeding programs. Grain yield per hectare, thousand kernels weight, ear height, ear diameter, anthesis-silking interval, and plant aspect had higher phenotypic and genotypic coefficients of variation. Grain yield showed positive and highly significant (p<0.01) genotypic association with ear diameter, number of kernels per row, days to 50% silking, number of kernel rows per ear, 1000-kernels weight and leaf width. Grain yield also had positive and highly significant (p<0.01) phenotypic correlation with number of kernels per row and ear diameter. Path coefficient analysis revealed that number of kernels per row, number of kernel rows per ear, plant height, days to maturity, 1000-kernels weight, leaf width and plant aspect had a positive direct genotypic effect on grain yield. Number of kernels per row, number of kernel rows per ear, plant height and 1000-kernels weight exerted high direct effects and also indicated positive and strong association with grain yield indicating that they can be used for indirect selection of inbred lines having higher yield potential per se. \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 Key words: Character association, inbred lines, morphological traits, path coefficient analysis.","PeriodicalId":7675,"journal":{"name":"African Journal of Plant Science","volume":"117 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79410665","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Homegarden is a traditional farming practice that consists of growing adaptable landraces and endangered species which have been conserved. Previously, status of the homegarden has not been studied. Therefore, this study provided information about homegarden species composition, status and value of species for future food and rehabilitation program. The study was conducted in Chiro kebele, South Wollo of Ethiopia during February to May 2019. Totally 75 respondents were selected based on the possession of homegarden and data were collected using interviews, observation and group discussion. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, and interpreted. Totally, 20 plant species distributed in 16 families were recorded. Fabaceae (25%) and Rosaceae (17%) were leading families in numbers of individual plants. Ten (50%) fodder, seven (35%) construction, six remedies and spice (30% each) and two (10%) vegetable and fruit plant species were documented. Malus domestica and Brassica carinata were the two perennial plant species used for household consumption. Hagenia abyssinica is the most accepted remedial plant followed by Solanecio gigas (Dysentery for sheep), Kalanchoe and Aloe (Wound healing), Acacia (Stomach ache for horse), and Mentha piperita (reduced kidney pain). Ruta chalepensis is predominant spice plant for tea, coffee, shiro wot, and Mitmit. Cytisus proliferus, Buddleja polystachya and Hagenia abyssinica were commonly grown bee and animal fodder plants and relevant for household and ploughing materials including Acacia and Cupressus lusitanica in the majority of homegardeners. This ecofriendly homegarden tree plants should be implicated for future plantation program. Key words: Homegarden species, household, indigenous, predominant plant, tree.
{"title":"Homegarden plants in Legambo District (Chiro Kebele) South Wollo, Ethiopia: Future implication for food security and rehabilitation program","authors":"Akale Assamere Habtemariam, Asmamaw Menelih Belay","doi":"10.5897/AJPS2019.1832","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5897/AJPS2019.1832","url":null,"abstract":"Homegarden is a traditional farming practice that consists of growing adaptable landraces and endangered species which have been conserved. Previously, status of the homegarden has not been studied. Therefore, this study provided information about homegarden species composition, status and value of species for future food and rehabilitation program. The study was conducted in Chiro kebele, South Wollo of Ethiopia during February to May 2019. Totally 75 respondents were selected based on the possession of homegarden and data were collected using interviews, observation and group discussion. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, and interpreted. Totally, 20 plant species distributed in 16 families were recorded. Fabaceae (25%) and Rosaceae (17%) were leading families in numbers of individual plants. Ten (50%) fodder, seven (35%) construction, six remedies and spice (30% each) and two (10%) vegetable and fruit plant species were documented. Malus domestica and Brassica carinata were the two perennial plant species used for household consumption. Hagenia abyssinica is the most accepted remedial plant followed by Solanecio gigas (Dysentery for sheep), Kalanchoe and Aloe (Wound healing), Acacia (Stomach ache for horse), and Mentha piperita (reduced kidney pain). Ruta chalepensis is predominant spice plant for tea, coffee, shiro wot, and Mitmit. Cytisus proliferus, Buddleja polystachya and Hagenia abyssinica were commonly grown bee and animal fodder plants and relevant for household and ploughing materials including Acacia and Cupressus lusitanica in the majority of homegardeners. This ecofriendly homegarden tree plants should be implicated for future plantation program. \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 Key words: Homegarden species, household, indigenous, predominant plant, tree.","PeriodicalId":7675,"journal":{"name":"African Journal of Plant Science","volume":"22 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72779310","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pumpkins (Cucurbita pepo) are grown all around the world for a variety of reasons ranging from agricultural purposes to commercial and ornamental sales. The pathogens causing the rot of pumpkin in the world include fungi, bacteria, and viruses. Three hundred and sixty-six (366) fruits of pumpkins were studied in Pela, Gaya and Kulinyi districts of Hong Local Government Area of Adamawa State. The diseased samples (fruits) were randomly purchased. Of all the districts visited, Kulinyi has the highest percentage of disease samples (43.82%) while the least is Gaya district with 21.35%. Potato Dextrose Agar (PDA) was used for the isolation of pathogens and these gave Rhizopus stolonifer, Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus flavus, and Phytophthora capsici. All the fungal isolates exhibited different degree of pathogenic effect on the pumpkin fruits. The pathogens are susceptible to treatment both in-vitro and in-vivo control trials with wood ash and mango leaf at p ≤ 0.05. Inhibition improved with increased in concentration of the wood ash and mango leaf. Rice chaff treatment equally proved worthwhile with significant inhibition compared to the control at p ≤ 0.05. Key word: Pumpkin fruit, pathogens, ash, mango leaf, rice chaff.
{"title":"Identification and control of post-harvest rot of pumpkin (Cucurbita pepo L.) in Hong, Adamawa State","authors":"N. Kazi, I. B. Chimbekujwo, S. Anjili","doi":"10.5897/AJPS2018.1708","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5897/AJPS2018.1708","url":null,"abstract":"Pumpkins (Cucurbita pepo) are grown all around the world for a variety of reasons ranging from agricultural purposes to commercial and ornamental sales. The pathogens causing the rot of pumpkin in the world include fungi, bacteria, and viruses. Three hundred and sixty-six (366) fruits of pumpkins were studied in Pela, Gaya and Kulinyi districts of Hong Local Government Area of Adamawa State. The diseased samples (fruits) were randomly purchased. Of all the districts visited, Kulinyi has the highest percentage of disease samples (43.82%) while the least is Gaya district with 21.35%. Potato Dextrose Agar (PDA) was used for the isolation of pathogens and these gave Rhizopus stolonifer, Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus flavus, and Phytophthora capsici. All the fungal isolates exhibited different degree of pathogenic effect on the pumpkin fruits. The pathogens are susceptible to treatment both in-vitro and in-vivo control trials with wood ash and mango leaf at p ≤ 0.05. Inhibition improved with increased in concentration of the wood ash and mango leaf. Rice chaff treatment equally proved worthwhile with significant inhibition compared to the control at p ≤ 0.05. \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 Key word: Pumpkin fruit, pathogens, ash, mango leaf, rice chaff.","PeriodicalId":7675,"journal":{"name":"African Journal of Plant Science","volume":"243 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76980991","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
To investigate the effects of quarries emissions on the leaf morpho-anatomy of Romi, Nabali and K18 olive cultivars in Taffouh village (Palestine), one set of olive cultivars of two-years old was cultivated close to quarries while the control set was cultivated almost 4 km from quarries. The morphology of six month-old leaves was examined. Leaf segments were fixed in compound fixative of formaldehyde, acetic acid and 70% ethanol (FAA). The segments were then embedded in Paraplast plus and 5 m thick sections were stained with safranin and fast green. A reduction in trichome density was evident for the three cultivars in response to exposure to quarries emission, with high density in the abaxial epidermis. Moreover, the abaxial epidermis of the three cultivars possessed elaborated and well-developed trichomes. The leaves of Romi cultivar exhibit increase in all leaf components except the adaxial epidermis while Nabali cultivar exhibited a reduction in all leaf components. Nevertheless, K18 cultivar exhibited a reduction only in palisade and spongy layers due to exposure to quarries pollutions. In conclusion, quarries emissions led to condensed palisade and spongy cells in all cultivars. In addition, Romi cultivar showed a variegated increase in all morpho-anatomical parameters concomitant with increased sclerophylly of leaves following their exposure to quarries emissions. This cultivar proved to be the most resistant to quarries stress which implies it is well suited for olive production. Key words: Adaptation, leaf anatomy, Olea europea, olive, quarries stress, trichome.
{"title":"Impact of quarries emissions on the leaf morpho-anatomy of three olive (Olea europea L) cultivars grown in Palestine","authors":"Sharaf M. Al-Tardeh, Mohammad Ibrahem Al-Taradeh","doi":"10.5897/AJPS2018.1740","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5897/AJPS2018.1740","url":null,"abstract":"To investigate the effects of quarries emissions on the leaf morpho-anatomy of Romi, Nabali and K18 olive cultivars in Taffouh village (Palestine), one set of olive cultivars of two-years old was cultivated close to quarries while the control set was cultivated almost 4 km from quarries. The morphology of six month-old leaves was examined. Leaf segments were fixed in compound fixative of formaldehyde, acetic acid and 70% ethanol (FAA). The segments were then embedded in Paraplast plus and 5 m thick sections were stained with safranin and fast green. A reduction in trichome density was evident for the three cultivars in response to exposure to quarries emission, with high density in the abaxial epidermis. Moreover, the abaxial epidermis of the three cultivars possessed elaborated and well-developed trichomes. The leaves of Romi cultivar exhibit increase in all leaf components except the adaxial epidermis while Nabali cultivar exhibited a reduction in all leaf components. Nevertheless, K18 cultivar exhibited a reduction only in palisade and spongy layers due to exposure to quarries pollutions. In conclusion, quarries emissions led to condensed palisade and spongy cells in all cultivars. In addition, Romi cultivar showed a variegated increase in all morpho-anatomical parameters concomitant with increased sclerophylly of leaves following their exposure to quarries emissions. This cultivar proved to be the most resistant to quarries stress which implies it is well suited for olive production. \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 Key words: Adaptation, leaf anatomy, Olea europea, olive, quarries stress, trichome.","PeriodicalId":7675,"journal":{"name":"African Journal of Plant Science","volume":"13 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90372240","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A study was conducted at the Zambia Agriculture Research Institute (ZARI), Central Research Station, Mount Makulu (latitude: 15.550° S, longitude: 28.250° E, altitude: 1213 m), Zambia to investigate the effects of sowing date (SD), maize (Zea mays L.) cultivars and 3 N fertilizer rates on yield and yield components. Maize cultivars were planted on 12th December, 2016 (SD1), 26th December, 2016 (SD2) and 9th January, 2017 (SD3). A split-split plot design was setup with SD, maize cultivars (ZMS 606, PHB 30G19 and PHB 30B50) and nitrogen rate (67.20, 134.40 and 201.60 kg N ha-1) as the main-plot, subplot and sub-subplot, respectively. The rainfall, solar radiation (Srad) and mean temperature at the experimental site during the 2016/2017 season were 930.17 mm, 18.93 MJ m-2 day-1 and 21.83°C, respectively. Analysis of variance for Split-split plot design was used to analyze maize yield and yield components and means separated at p≤5 using Tukey’s Tests. Results showed that the treatment effect of sowing date and cultivar was significant on biomass yield, harvest index, 100-grain weight, seed number m-2, cob length, and width. Seed number m-2, 100-grain weight, grain and biomass yield reduced with delay in sowing date. The reduction in grain yield from SD1-SD2 (1.91 t ha-1), SD1-SD3 (2.90 t ha-1) and SD2-SD3 (0.99 t ha-1) were 21.04, 31.83 and 13.83%, respectively. Therefore, it was concluded that maize grain yield and yield components are affected by SD, cultivar and N. Farmers could enhance maize yield by manipulating sowing date, cultivar selection and N as the most limiting nutrient in agriculture production systems. Key words: Biomass, corn cultivars, date of sowing, grain yield, leaf area index, nitrogen, total dry matter, yield.
在赞比亚马库鲁山中央研究站(纬度15.550°S，经度28.250°E，海拔1213 m)的赞比亚农业研究所(ZARI)，研究了播期(SD)、玉米(Zea mays L.)品种和3n施肥量对产量和产量构成因素的影响。玉米品种分别于2016年12月12日(SD1)、2016年12月26日(SD2)和2017年1月9日(SD3)种植。以玉米品种(zms606、phb30g19和phb30b50)和施氮量(67.20、134.40和201.60 kg N hm -1)分别为主、次、次小区，采用分畦设计。2016/2017年季节试验点雨量、太阳辐射和平均气温分别为930.17 mm、18.93 MJ m-2 day-1和21.83℃。采用分裂-分裂小区设计的方差分析，采用Tukey’s检验分析玉米产量、产量成分和p≤5分离的均值。结果表明:播期和品种对玉米生物量产量、收获指数、百粒重、m-2粒数、穗轴长和宽度的处理效果显著;种子数m-2、百粒重、籽粒和生物量产量随播期的推迟而降低。SD1-SD2 (1.91 t ha-1)、SD1-SD3 (2.90 t ha-1)和SD2-SD3 (0.99 t ha-1)对籽粒产量的影响分别为21.04、31.83和13.83%。综上所述，玉米籽粒产量及其构成因素受土壤水分、品种和氮的影响，农民可以通过控制播期、品种选择和氮素作为农业生产系统中最具限制性的养分来提高玉米产量。关键词:生物量，玉米品种，播期，产量，叶面积指数，氮素，总干物质，产量
{"title":"Evaluation of sowing date and fertilization with nitrogen in maize cultivars in rainy conditions in Zambia","authors":"Charles Bwalya Chisanga, E. Phiri, V. Chinene","doi":"10.5897/AJPS2019.1792","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5897/AJPS2019.1792","url":null,"abstract":"A study was conducted at the Zambia Agriculture Research Institute (ZARI), Central Research Station, Mount Makulu (latitude: 15.550° S, longitude: 28.250° E, altitude: 1213 m), Zambia to investigate the effects of sowing date (SD), maize (Zea mays L.) cultivars and 3 N fertilizer rates on yield and yield components. Maize cultivars were planted on 12th December, 2016 (SD1), 26th December, 2016 (SD2) and 9th January, 2017 (SD3). A split-split plot design was setup with SD, maize cultivars (ZMS 606, PHB 30G19 and PHB 30B50) and nitrogen rate (67.20, 134.40 and 201.60 kg N ha-1) as the main-plot, subplot and sub-subplot, respectively. The rainfall, solar radiation (Srad) and mean temperature at the experimental site during the 2016/2017 season were 930.17 mm, 18.93 MJ m-2 day-1 and 21.83°C, respectively. Analysis of variance for Split-split plot design was used to analyze maize yield and yield components and means separated at p≤5 using Tukey’s Tests. Results showed that the treatment effect of sowing date and cultivar was significant on biomass yield, harvest index, 100-grain weight, seed number m-2, cob length, and width. Seed number m-2, 100-grain weight, grain and biomass yield reduced with delay in sowing date. The reduction in grain yield from SD1-SD2 (1.91 t ha-1), SD1-SD3 (2.90 t ha-1) and SD2-SD3 (0.99 t ha-1) were 21.04, 31.83 and 13.83%, respectively. Therefore, it was concluded that maize grain yield and yield components are affected by SD, cultivar and N. Farmers could enhance maize yield by manipulating sowing date, cultivar selection and N as the most limiting nutrient in agriculture production systems. \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 Key words: Biomass, corn cultivars, date of sowing, grain yield, leaf area index, nitrogen, total dry matter, yield.","PeriodicalId":7675,"journal":{"name":"African Journal of Plant Science","volume":"125 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89276897","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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