Muluneh Mekasha Goshime, T. Adefris, M. Hussein, Admassu Seyoum Solomon
{"title":"Classifying highland quality protein maize in bred lines into heterotic groups","authors":"Muluneh Mekasha Goshime, T. Adefris, M. Hussein, Admassu Seyoum Solomon","doi":"10.5897/ajps2021.2160","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5897/ajps2021.2160","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":7675,"journal":{"name":"African Journal of Plant Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79753534","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This study determined effect of phosphorus (P) rates on growth, yield and phosphorus use efficiency (PUE) of potato varieties propagated from apical rooted cuttings. Experiments were conducted at Egerton University, Njoro and Kenya Agricultural and Livestock Research organization, Molo, in a split plot arrangement in randomized complete block design with three replicates. Main plot factors were four potato varieties (Shangi, Dutch Robyjn, Unica and Wanjiku) and sub plot factors were four P levels of triple super phosphate (0, 30, 60, 90 kg P ha-1). Data on growth, yield and PUE of potato were collected. Phosphorus rates had significant effect on plant growth and yield. The interaction effects of P rates and varieties on plant survival, plant height, shoot biomass, number of eyes and tuber size was significant. The interaction of Wanjiku and 30 kg P ha-1 gave the highest shoot biomass of 0.42g per plant and large sized tubers (> 60 mm diameter). The main effects of variety and P rates significantly affected days to physiological maturity and marketable tuber yield. Unica variety showed high P uptake and PUE at both study sites. Apical rooted cuttings and 30 kg P ha-1 is recommended in the study areas with similar agro ecological zones. Key words: Nutrient use efficiency, triple super phosphate, potato, apical cuttings.
研究了施磷量对马铃薯根茎繁殖品种生长、产量和磷利用效率的影响。试验在Njoro的Egerton大学和Molo的肯尼亚农畜研究组织进行，采用随机完全区组设计，分块布置，3个重复。主小区因子为4个马铃薯品种(上吉、荷兰Robyjn、尤尼卡和万吉库)，次小区因子为4个磷水平(0、30、60、90 kg P / h -1)。收集了马铃薯的生长、产量和PUE数据。施磷量对植物生长和产量有显著影响。施磷量和品种对植株成活率、株高、茎部生物量、眼数和块茎大小的互作效应显著。万吉库与30 kg磷-1的交互作用使植株茎部生物量最高，为0.42g /株，块茎较大(直径60 mm)。品种和施磷量的主要影响因素显著影响生理成熟期和商品块茎产量。尤尼卡品种在两个试验点均表现出较高的吸磷量和PUE。在具有相似农业生态区的研究区，建议采用根茎扦插和30 kg磷/公顷。关键词:养分利用效率;三元过磷酸盐;马铃薯;
{"title":"Growth, yield and phosphorus use efficiency of potato varieties propagated from apical rooted cuttings under variable phosphorus rates","authors":"Pauline Aarakit, J. Ouma, J. Lelei","doi":"10.5897/AJPS2020.2113","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5897/AJPS2020.2113","url":null,"abstract":"This study determined effect of phosphorus (P) rates on growth, yield and phosphorus use efficiency (PUE) of potato varieties propagated from apical rooted cuttings. Experiments were conducted at Egerton University, Njoro and Kenya Agricultural and Livestock Research organization, Molo, in a split plot arrangement in randomized complete block design with three replicates. Main plot factors were four potato varieties (Shangi, Dutch Robyjn, Unica and Wanjiku) and sub plot factors were four P levels of triple super phosphate (0, 30, 60, 90 kg P ha-1). Data on growth, yield and PUE of potato were collected. Phosphorus rates had significant effect on plant growth and yield. The interaction effects of P rates and varieties on plant survival, plant height, shoot biomass, number of eyes and tuber size was significant. The interaction of Wanjiku and 30 kg P ha-1 gave the highest shoot biomass of 0.42g per plant and large sized tubers (> 60 mm diameter). The main effects of variety and P rates significantly affected days to physiological maturity and marketable tuber yield. Unica variety showed high P uptake and PUE at both study sites. Apical rooted cuttings and 30 kg P ha-1 is recommended in the study areas with similar agro ecological zones. \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 Key words: Nutrient use efficiency, triple super phosphate, potato, apical cuttings.","PeriodicalId":7675,"journal":{"name":"African Journal of Plant Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78049415","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench) is a major cereal crop, grown in a wide range of agro-ecology. However, in Ethiopia there are very few high yielding improved sorghum varieties for malting purpose. A field experiment was conducted at Sheraro, sub-site of Mytseberi Agricultural Research Center during the 2017 cropping season. The objectives of the study were to identify sorghum landraces with high grain yield, study phenotypic and genotypic variability and correlation among yield, yield components and malting quality-related traits. In this experiment, 34 landraces and two malt sorghum varieties were evaluated in alpha lattice (6x6) design with three replications. The analysis of variance revealed highly significant variations among landraces in all analyzed characteristics. Among the tested landraces, Gambella 1107 gave the highest grain yield (4.88 ton/ha) followed by varieties Debar (4.28 ton/ha) and Macia (4.03 ton/ha), while the lowest yielding sorghum landraces were ETSL 100575 (0.18 ton/ha), ETSL 100547 (0.28 ton/ha) and ETSL 100738 (0.30 ton/ha). High values for the phenotypic coefficient of variation (PCV) and genotypic coefficient of variation (GCV) were recorded for grain yield, head length and plant height. High heritability and genetic advance as percent of mean (GAM%) was obtained for plant height, head length, head width, thousand kernel weight and grain yield. Grain yield had highly significant and positive correlations with head width, hectoliter weight and germination energy. The 36 genotypes were clustered into five groups. Cluster I contained the maximum (16) number of accessions and cluster IV contained the minimum (3) number of accessions. Key words: correlation, landraces, malt quality, sorghum and yield.
{"title":"Genetic variability and correlation of agronomic and malt quality traits in Ethiopian sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench] landraces at Sheraro, Northern Ethiopia","authors":"Tamirat Bejiga, B. Abate, Temesgen Teressa","doi":"10.5897/AJPS2021.2133","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5897/AJPS2021.2133","url":null,"abstract":"Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench) is a major cereal crop, grown in a wide range of agro-ecology. However, in Ethiopia there are very few high yielding improved sorghum varieties for malting purpose. A field experiment was conducted at Sheraro, sub-site of Mytseberi Agricultural Research Center during the 2017 cropping season. The objectives of the study were to identify sorghum landraces with high grain yield, study phenotypic and genotypic variability and correlation among yield, yield components and malting quality-related traits. In this experiment, 34 landraces and two malt sorghum varieties were evaluated in alpha lattice (6x6) design with three replications. The analysis of variance revealed highly significant variations among landraces in all analyzed characteristics. Among the tested landraces, Gambella 1107 gave the highest grain yield (4.88 ton/ha) followed by varieties Debar (4.28 ton/ha) and Macia (4.03 ton/ha), while the lowest yielding sorghum landraces were ETSL 100575 (0.18 ton/ha), ETSL 100547 (0.28 ton/ha) and ETSL 100738 (0.30 ton/ha). High values for the phenotypic coefficient of variation (PCV) and genotypic coefficient of variation (GCV) were recorded for grain yield, head length and plant height. High heritability and genetic advance as percent of mean (GAM%) was obtained for plant height, head length, head width, thousand kernel weight and grain yield. Grain yield had highly significant and positive correlations with head width, hectoliter weight and germination energy. The 36 genotypes were clustered into five groups. Cluster I contained the maximum (16) number of accessions and cluster IV contained the minimum (3) number of accessions. \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 Key words: correlation, landraces, malt quality, sorghum and yield.","PeriodicalId":7675,"journal":{"name":"African Journal of Plant Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89429696","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The current study was initiated to estimate the magnitude of standard heterosis for grain yield and yield related traits in a line x tester hybrids and to classify the inbred lines into different heterotic groups. Fifty entries consisting of 48 testcrosses developed from 12 inbred lines and 4 testers using line x tester design and two commercial check hybrids used in the study. The experiment was conducted using alpha lattice design with two replications at Ambo and Holeta Agricultural Research Center in 2018 cropping season. Analysis of variance revealed highly significant mean squares due to genotypes for all traits. Site variance showed highly significant mean squares for all traits except ear height. Genotype x site interaction was significant for grain yield, days to silking, bad husk cover and ear aspect. Cross L11 x T4 exhibited maximum standard heterosis over the checks (Kolba and Jibat) for grain yield followed by L9 x T4. In addition, these hybrids showed negative standard heterosis for plant height and ear aspect. The study also proposed eight inbred lines to be assigned to one of the different heterotic groups (A and B). The current study revealed that extensive works needs to be done in broadening the genetic base for highland maize breeding program to develop higher yielding varieties for the target areas. Key words: Heterotic grouping, Inbreed lines, standard heterosis, testers.
{"title":"Standard heterosis and heterotic grouping of highland adapted maize (Zea Mays L.) inbred lines in Ethiopia","authors":"Dufera Tulu, Demissew Abakemal, Zeleke Keimeso, Tefera Kumsa, Worknesh Terefe, L. Wolde, Abenezer Abebe","doi":"10.5897/AJPS2021.2153","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5897/AJPS2021.2153","url":null,"abstract":"The current study was initiated to estimate the magnitude of standard heterosis for grain yield and yield related traits in a line x tester hybrids and to classify the inbred lines into different heterotic groups. Fifty entries consisting of 48 testcrosses developed from 12 inbred lines and 4 testers using line x tester design and two commercial check hybrids used in the study. The experiment was conducted using alpha lattice design with two replications at Ambo and Holeta Agricultural Research Center in 2018 cropping season. Analysis of variance revealed highly significant mean squares due to genotypes for all traits. Site variance showed highly significant mean squares for all traits except ear height. Genotype x site interaction was significant for grain yield, days to silking, bad husk cover and ear aspect. Cross L11 x T4 exhibited maximum standard heterosis over the checks (Kolba and Jibat) for grain yield followed by L9 x T4. In addition, these hybrids showed negative standard heterosis for plant height and ear aspect. The study also proposed eight inbred lines to be assigned to one of the different heterotic groups (A and B). The current study revealed that extensive works needs to be done in broadening the genetic base for highland maize breeding program to develop higher yielding varieties for the target areas. \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 Key words: Heterotic grouping, Inbreed lines, standard heterosis, testers.","PeriodicalId":7675,"journal":{"name":"African Journal of Plant Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78066522","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
V. M. Shutt, D. U. Affiah, Brains Ode Okechallu, D. L. Wonang
The efficacy of soil solarization was tested for the control of root-knot nematodes in Foron District of Barkin Ladi Local Government Area of Plateau State using three commercially available cultivars of eggplant (Solanum melongena) namely: Yallo Bello, Chida Masoyi and Farin Yallo. Two levels of soil solarization based on time of exposure namely: Four weeks, five weeks and a control were employed. Soil temperature for each bed was taken weekly in the morning and afternoon using soil thermometer at different soil depths. Results revealed that growth and yield parameters of eggplant namely plant height, stem girth, number of leaves, number of fruits, and fresh weight of fruits grown in solarized soil were significantly higher than those of the control (unsolarized soil) at 0.05 level of probability. More galls were seen on the roots of unsolarized plants, followed by the four weeks and the five weeks’ solarization had the least. This is indicative of the effectiveness of soil solarization in the control of nematodes, especially for longer periods of solarization. The three cultivars of eggplant did not differ with reference to soil solarization. Soil solarization could be an effective tool for nematode control on the Plateau since it is cheaper, has no phytotoxic effects, and does not constitute environmental and health hazards. The technique can be improved with more investigation’s on length of exposure and improvement of the durability of the polyethylene film. Continuous use of these polyethylene films will reduce the cost of buying the polyethylene films repeatedly when it is needed. Key words: Soil, Solarization, Solanum melongena, nematodes, efficacy.
{"title":"Efficacy of soil solarization on the control of root-knot nematodes infecting eggplant (Solanum melongena) in Plateau State","authors":"V. M. Shutt, D. U. Affiah, Brains Ode Okechallu, D. L. Wonang","doi":"10.5897/AJPS2020.1992","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5897/AJPS2020.1992","url":null,"abstract":"The efficacy of soil solarization was tested for the control of root-knot nematodes in Foron District of Barkin Ladi Local Government Area of Plateau State using three commercially available cultivars of eggplant (Solanum melongena) namely: Yallo Bello, Chida Masoyi and Farin Yallo. Two levels of soil solarization based on time of exposure namely: Four weeks, five weeks and a control were employed. Soil temperature for each bed was taken weekly in the morning and afternoon using soil thermometer at different soil depths. Results revealed that growth and yield parameters of eggplant namely plant height, stem girth, number of leaves, number of fruits, and fresh weight of fruits grown in solarized soil were significantly higher than those of the control (unsolarized soil) at 0.05 level of probability. More galls were seen on the roots of unsolarized plants, followed by the four weeks and the five weeks’ solarization had the least. This is indicative of the effectiveness of soil solarization in the control of nematodes, especially for longer periods of solarization. The three cultivars of eggplant did not differ with reference to soil solarization. Soil solarization could be an effective tool for nematode control on the Plateau since it is cheaper, has no phytotoxic effects, and does not constitute environmental and health hazards. The technique can be improved with more investigation’s on length of exposure and improvement of the durability of the polyethylene film. Continuous use of these polyethylene films will reduce the cost of buying the polyethylene films repeatedly when it is needed. \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 Key words: Soil, Solarization, Solanum melongena, nematodes, efficacy.","PeriodicalId":7675,"journal":{"name":"African Journal of Plant Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85405473","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In this investigation, the coding sequence of the drought-stress inducible gene AREB1 in tomato derived from cDNA indicated 100% identity with the reference gene in the NCBI PlantEnsembl database. The protein structure of the AREB1 sequence derived from polymerase chain reaction from tomato DNA template was done using ExPASy and its protein parameter tools ProtParam. The structures of AREB1 protein showed a MolProbity score of 1.49. Multiple sequence alignment of AREB1 gene from 20 tomato genotypes revealed a phylogenetic tree with five clusters, each with the same evolutionary trend. The nucleotide sequence analysis showed higher similarities among the selected tomato genotypes. This indicated the conserved nature of the gene among the genotypes. Key words: Tomato, drought, resistant, AREB1gene, AREB1protein.
{"title":"Genotypic screening of tomatos AREB 1 gene for drought tolerance and computational protein structure prediction","authors":"Ja'afar Umar, A. A. Aliero, K. Shehu, O. C. Dikko","doi":"10.5897/AJPS2020.2126","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5897/AJPS2020.2126","url":null,"abstract":"In this investigation, the coding sequence of the drought-stress inducible gene AREB1 in tomato derived from cDNA indicated 100% identity with the reference gene in the NCBI PlantEnsembl database. The protein structure of the AREB1 sequence derived from polymerase chain reaction from tomato DNA template was done using ExPASy and its protein parameter tools ProtParam. The structures of AREB1 protein showed a MolProbity score of 1.49. Multiple sequence alignment of AREB1 gene from 20 tomato genotypes revealed a phylogenetic tree with five clusters, each with the same evolutionary trend. The nucleotide sequence analysis showed higher similarities among the selected tomato genotypes. This indicated the conserved nature of the gene among the genotypes. \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 Key words: Tomato, drought, resistant, AREB1gene, AREB1protein.","PeriodicalId":7675,"journal":{"name":"African Journal of Plant Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75159021","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Goshime Muluneh Mekasha, S. Seyoum, W. Mupangwa, A. Lemma, Haimanot Beruk Senbeta, Mamud Aman Tello, Mesele Haile Onu, Tesfaye Hailu Estifanose
Conservation agriculture (CA) is defined as sustainable agriculture production system comprising a set of farming practices. The experiment was conducted at three districts from 2011 to 2016 at five farmers’ field they considered as replicate. The experiment consisted of five treatments (continuous sole maize, maize bean rotation, maize-bean inter-cropping, bean rotation under CA and farmer practice). Maize yield and yield related traits and soil water data were collected from each site. Soil moisture content under CA practices was higher than the farmer practice. At East-Badawacho and Meskan grain yield was higher by 4 and 8% in CA compared with farmer practice, respectively. Maize bean rotation and sole maize under CA out yielded the farmer practice by 13 and 4%, respectively but inter-cropping had 5% lower grain yield. At Hawassa-Zuriya, CA maize bean rotation had higher yield than farmer practice in 2011 and 2013. Maize-bean inter-cropping, maize bean rotation and sole maize under CA had 10, 8 and 6% higher grain yield than farmer practice, respectively. Common bean grain yield from bean rotation under CA had 2799, 2908, and 3226 kg ha-1, from inter cropping bean grain yield of 817, 1065 and 927 kg ha-1 obtained at East-Badawacho, Hawassa-Zuriya and Meskan districts, respectively. Generally, CA cropping systems had drought stress reduction potential and greater yields compared with farmer practice. Key words: Farmer-practice, sole-maize, rotation, inter-cropping, rift-valley.
保护性农业(CA)被定义为包括一套耕作方法的可持续农业生产系统。试验于2011年至2016年在3个县的5块他们认为是重复的农民田地进行。试验包括5个处理:玉米单作连作、玉米豆轮作、玉米豆间作、玉米轮作和农户实践。收集玉米产量及其相关性状和土壤水分资料。CA处理的土壤含水量高于农民处理。在东-巴达瓦乔和梅斯坎，与农民实践相比，CA的粮食产量分别提高了4%和8%。玉米轮作和玉米单作的产量分别比玉米轮作高出13%和4%，但间作的产量比玉米轮作低5%。2011年和2013年，在Hawassa-Zuriya, CA玉米豆类轮作的产量高于农民轮作。玉米-豆类间作、玉米-豆类轮作和玉米单作的产量分别比农民增产10.8%和6%。轮作大豆的产量分别为2799、2908和3226 kg ha-1，而在East-Badawacho、Hawassa-Zuriya和Meskan地区，间作大豆的产量分别为817、1065和927 kg ha-1。总的来说，与农民实践相比，CA种植制度具有减轻干旱胁迫的潜力和更高的产量。关键词:农民实践，单玉米，轮作，间作，裂谷。
{"title":"Conservation agriculture-based Zea mays (maize)-Phaseolus vulgaris (common bean) cropping systems in South Central Ethiopia","authors":"Goshime Muluneh Mekasha, S. Seyoum, W. Mupangwa, A. Lemma, Haimanot Beruk Senbeta, Mamud Aman Tello, Mesele Haile Onu, Tesfaye Hailu Estifanose","doi":"10.5897/AJPS2021.2151","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5897/AJPS2021.2151","url":null,"abstract":"Conservation agriculture (CA) is defined as sustainable agriculture production system comprising a set of farming practices. The experiment was conducted at three districts from 2011 to 2016 at five farmers’ field they considered as replicate. The experiment consisted of five treatments (continuous sole maize, maize bean rotation, maize-bean inter-cropping, bean rotation under CA and farmer practice). Maize yield and yield related traits and soil water data were collected from each site. Soil moisture content under CA practices was higher than the farmer practice. At East-Badawacho and Meskan grain yield was higher by 4 and 8% in CA compared with farmer practice, respectively. Maize bean rotation and sole maize under CA out yielded the farmer practice by 13 and 4%, respectively but inter-cropping had 5% lower grain yield. At Hawassa-Zuriya, CA maize bean rotation had higher yield than farmer practice in 2011 and 2013. Maize-bean inter-cropping, maize bean rotation and sole maize under CA had 10, 8 and 6% higher grain yield than farmer practice, respectively. Common bean grain yield from bean rotation under CA had 2799, 2908, and 3226 kg ha-1, from inter cropping bean grain yield of 817, 1065 and 927 kg ha-1 obtained at East-Badawacho, Hawassa-Zuriya and Meskan districts, respectively. Generally, CA cropping systems had drought stress reduction potential and greater yields compared with farmer practice. \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 Key words: Farmer-practice, sole-maize, rotation, inter-cropping, rift-valley.","PeriodicalId":7675,"journal":{"name":"African Journal of Plant Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87380562","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Maize lethal necrosis disease (MLND) in Kenya has been reported to be caused by a coinfection between a non-potyvirus Maize chlorotic mottle virus (MCMV) and a potyvirus Sugarcane mosaic virus (SCMV). The control of the disease in Kenya has been a challenge owing to the synergistic interactions that exist between the two viruses. This study, sought to determine the stage of synergism between the two viruses and its role in influencing the severity of the disease. Three maize hybrids were grown in a greenhouse and were mechanically inoculated with MCMV, SCMV and MCMV+SCMV at the vegetative stage, V4-5. The synergism was studied for a period of 90-days and double-antibody sandwich (DAS)-ELISA was used to estimate the viral titer of MCMV and SCMV under individual and co-infection states of maize plants. The results showed that the viral titers of the two viruses in both single and double infection followed a normal curve. Synergistic effect was observed between the 21- and 28-days post-inoculation (dpi). A significant increase in the titers of MCMV was observed at this time in days, while that of SCMV was more or less constant. Also, the study revealed that viral titers of SCMV in both individual and co- infected maize plants remained constant; while the viral titers of MCMV in co- infected maize increased significantly as compared to the individual infections. Furthermore, there was a positive correlation between increased symptom severity and synergism. Based on these results, SCMV plays a major role in the severity and spread of MLN disease in the South-Rift region. Key words: Maize lethal necrosis, maize chlorotic mottle virus, Sugarcane mosaic virus, maize virus diseases.
{"title":"Viral synergism and its role in management of maize lethal necrosis disease","authors":"R. Leitich, J. Korir, J. Muoma, Dennis O. Omayio","doi":"10.5897/AJPS2021.2132","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5897/AJPS2021.2132","url":null,"abstract":"Maize lethal necrosis disease (MLND) in Kenya has been reported to be caused by a coinfection between a non-potyvirus Maize chlorotic mottle virus (MCMV) and a potyvirus Sugarcane mosaic virus (SCMV). The control of the disease in Kenya has been a challenge owing to the synergistic interactions that exist between the two viruses. This study, sought to determine the stage of synergism between the two viruses and its role in influencing the severity of the disease. Three maize hybrids were grown in a greenhouse and were mechanically inoculated with MCMV, SCMV and MCMV+SCMV at the vegetative stage, V4-5. The synergism was studied for a period of 90-days and double-antibody sandwich (DAS)-ELISA was used to estimate the viral titer of MCMV and SCMV under individual and co-infection states of maize plants. The results showed that the viral titers of the two viruses in both single and double infection followed a normal curve. Synergistic effect was observed between the 21- and 28-days post-inoculation (dpi). A significant increase in the titers of MCMV was observed at this time in days, while that of SCMV was more or less constant. Also, the study revealed that viral titers of SCMV in both individual and co- infected maize plants remained constant; while the viral titers of MCMV in co- infected maize increased significantly as compared to the individual infections. Furthermore, there was a positive correlation between increased symptom severity and synergism. Based on these results, SCMV plays a major role in the severity and spread of MLN disease in the South-Rift region. \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 Key words: Maize lethal necrosis, maize chlorotic mottle virus, Sugarcane mosaic virus, maize virus diseases.","PeriodicalId":7675,"journal":{"name":"African Journal of Plant Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73805052","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Drolet Jean-Marc S ery, B. Bonsson, Y. C. Brou, Nadr e Gb edi e, Yaya Ouattara, Hyacinthe L egnat e, K. Z. Jules
The influence of the terminal bud treatment and genotype on the cutting of plagiotropic semi-lignified kola tree cuttings was studied with the aim of vegetative propagation. Two dressing modes cuttings (B1: Presence of terminal bud and B2: Absence of terminal bud) were tested on three genotypes (D9L20A3, 315 and 323) in a split-plot design with the genotype in the large plot and the cutting dressing mode in the small plot. The experimental unit consists of twenty cuttings. Six months after transplanting, no significant difference of cutting dressing mode on the survival rate was noted. The survival rate was 76.1±11.7% with terminal bud and 70±12.17% without terminal bud for an overall mean of 73.06±12.1%. However, it appears that the way in which kola plant cuttings are dressed, including the removal of the apical bud from semi-lignified plagiotropic cutting, boosts root development and growth despite the predisposition of some kola plant genotypes to rooting (genotype 315). The cuttings dressing method including terminal bud suppression favours root formation at the cuttings, taproot length growth, fresh and dry root biomass compared to cuttings with a terminal bud. Key words: Cola nitida, cuttings, genotype, terminal bud.
{"title":"Improvement of the kola tree cuttings root (Cola nitida) in nursery by removing the terminal bud of the semi-lignified plagiotropic cuttings","authors":"Drolet Jean-Marc S ery, B. Bonsson, Y. C. Brou, Nadr e Gb edi e, Yaya Ouattara, Hyacinthe L egnat e, K. Z. Jules","doi":"10.5897/AJPS2020.2025","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5897/AJPS2020.2025","url":null,"abstract":"The influence of the terminal bud treatment and genotype on the cutting of plagiotropic semi-lignified kola tree cuttings was studied with the aim of vegetative propagation. Two dressing modes cuttings (B1: Presence of terminal bud and B2: Absence of terminal bud) were tested on three genotypes (D9L20A3, 315 and 323) in a split-plot design with the genotype in the large plot and the cutting dressing mode in the small plot. The experimental unit consists of twenty cuttings. Six months after transplanting, no significant difference of cutting dressing mode on the survival rate was noted. The survival rate was 76.1±11.7% with terminal bud and 70±12.17% without terminal bud for an overall mean of 73.06±12.1%. However, it appears that the way in which kola plant cuttings are dressed, including the removal of the apical bud from semi-lignified plagiotropic cutting, boosts root development and growth despite the predisposition of some kola plant genotypes to rooting (genotype 315). The cuttings dressing method including terminal bud suppression favours root formation at the cuttings, taproot length growth, fresh and dry root biomass compared to cuttings with a terminal bud. \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 Key words: Cola nitida, cuttings, genotype, terminal bud.","PeriodicalId":7675,"journal":{"name":"African Journal of Plant Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-05-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78514083","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Sweet potato (Ipomea batatas) is one of the most important horticultural crops for human consumption and livestock feed. All parts of the plant are found useful to human consumption, animal feed, and industrial uses. Fertilizer applications have been shown to improve vegetative and storage parameters could be enhanced, but inorganic fertilizers are not always readily available, or are too expensive for prevalently subsistent farmers in Nigeria. This study aimed to compare the performance characteristics of four potato varieties using two fertilizers from inorganic and organic sources using morphological characteristics of the plants. The experiment was carried out in the field and laid out as randomized complete block design with three replications. Two treatments that is, inorganic and organic fertilizers with three levels for each treatment were used. The yield and other morphological characteristics were measured. The results showed that Iwo 1 (variety 3) produced the highest number of tubers (16.67 and 16.69; 16.67 and 16.33) with both inorganic and organic fertilizers and levels, respectively. Iwo 1 (variety 3) also produced the biggest tuber weight (4.57 and 4.60 kg; 3.97 and 3.88 kg) with both inorganic and organic fertilizers and levels, respectively. The results showed significantly (P≤0.05) similar levels of performance of organic fertilizers when juxtaposed with inorganic fertilizer applications, suggesting that in the absence of inorganic fertilizers either due to cost and or availability, organic fertilizers which are relatively more available to the farmer could be used to obtain similar yield levels. Given the bulky nature of the fertilizers as suggested by the quantity used in this experiment, further research will need to be done to determine the best rate for organic fertilizer application. Key words: Fertilizers, improvement, productivity, sweet potato.
{"title":"Effects of organic and inorganic fertilizers on sweet potato production in Iwo, Nigeria","authors":"V. Esan, O. O. Omilani, I. Okedigba","doi":"10.5897/AJPS2021.2130","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5897/AJPS2021.2130","url":null,"abstract":"Sweet potato (Ipomea batatas) is one of the most important horticultural crops for human consumption and livestock feed. All parts of the plant are found useful to human consumption, animal feed, and industrial uses. Fertilizer applications have been shown to improve vegetative and storage parameters could be enhanced, but inorganic fertilizers are not always readily available, or are too expensive for prevalently subsistent farmers in Nigeria. This study aimed to compare the performance characteristics of four potato varieties using two fertilizers from inorganic and organic sources using morphological characteristics of the plants. The experiment was carried out in the field and laid out as randomized complete block design with three replications. Two treatments that is, inorganic and organic fertilizers with three levels for each treatment were used. The yield and other morphological characteristics were measured. The results showed that Iwo 1 (variety 3) produced the highest number of tubers (16.67 and 16.69; 16.67 and 16.33) with both inorganic and organic fertilizers and levels, respectively. Iwo 1 (variety 3) also produced the biggest tuber weight (4.57 and 4.60 kg; 3.97 and 3.88 kg) with both inorganic and organic fertilizers and levels, respectively. The results showed significantly (P≤0.05) similar levels of performance of organic fertilizers when juxtaposed with inorganic fertilizer applications, suggesting that in the absence of inorganic fertilizers either due to cost and or availability, organic fertilizers which are relatively more available to the farmer could be used to obtain similar yield levels. Given the bulky nature of the fertilizers as suggested by the quantity used in this experiment, further research will need to be done to determine the best rate for organic fertilizer application. \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 Key words: Fertilizers, improvement, productivity, sweet potato.","PeriodicalId":7675,"journal":{"name":"African Journal of Plant Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-05-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80008605","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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