In Ethiopia, deforestation is a major challenge which leads to increased human encroachment upon wild areas and threats to biodiversity. In line with this, the aim of the current study was to assess woody species diversity and threats in Hotessa forest. Systematic sampling method was used to collect vegetation data. Accordingly, 100 plots each with 400 m2 (20 m × 20 m) for woody species was laid along transect line. In each of these plots, all woody species were collected. Simple random sampling was used to identify target population and in-depth interviews were conducted with farmers living in close vicinity to the forest to identify challenges and threats on the forest. A total of 43 woody species distributed to 37 genera and 28 families were identified and documented. Fabaceae is the dominant families in terms of species richness. The Shannon-Wiener diversity index computed for the three different altitudinal gradients and showed that lower altitude is the most diverse and has more or less even distribution of species. In general, the diversity and evenness of woody species in the forest was 2.575 and 0.98 respectively. The result of analysis of the responses to human-induced factors responsible for deforestation in the study revealed that most of the respondents attributed population growth (80.82%) as the major factor responsible for deforestation in the study area. Key words: Diversity index, Shannon-Wiener, farmers, interview, sampling.
在埃塞俄比亚，森林砍伐是一项重大挑战，它导致人类对野生地区的侵占和对生物多样性的威胁增加。基于此，本研究的目的是评估霍特萨森林的木本物种多样性和威胁。采用系统采样法采集植被数据。据此，沿样线布置了100个样地，每个样地面积为400 m2 (20 m × 20 m)。每个样地均采集了所有木本植物。采用简单随机抽样确定目标人群，并与居住在森林附近的农民进行深入访谈，以确定森林面临的挑战和威胁。共鉴定记录木本植物43种，隶属于28科37属。在物种丰富度方面，豆科是优势科。Shannon-Wiener多样性指数对3种不同海拔梯度进行了计算，结果表明，海拔越低，物种分布越均匀。总体上，林内木本物种多样性和均匀度分别为2.575和0.98。对人为毁林因素的响应分析结果显示，大多数被调查者(80.82%)认为人口增长是研究区毁林的主要原因。关键词:多样性指数，Shannon-Wiener，农户，访谈，抽样
{"title":"Assessment of woody species diversity, key drivers of deforestation and community perception; the case of Hotessa Forest, Bensa Woreda, Sidama Zone, Southern Ethiopia","authors":"Sintayehu Tamene Beyene","doi":"10.5897/AJPS2020.1988","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5897/AJPS2020.1988","url":null,"abstract":"In Ethiopia, deforestation is a major challenge which leads to increased human encroachment upon wild areas and threats to biodiversity. In line with this, the aim of the current study was to assess woody species diversity and threats in Hotessa forest. Systematic sampling method was used to collect vegetation data. Accordingly, 100 plots each with 400 m2 (20 m × 20 m) for woody species was laid along transect line. In each of these plots, all woody species were collected. Simple random sampling was used to identify target population and in-depth interviews were conducted with farmers living in close vicinity to the forest to identify challenges and threats on the forest. A total of 43 woody species distributed to 37 genera and 28 families were identified and documented. Fabaceae is the dominant families in terms of species richness. The Shannon-Wiener diversity index computed for the three different altitudinal gradients and showed that lower altitude is the most diverse and has more or less even distribution of species. In general, the diversity and evenness of woody species in the forest was 2.575 and 0.98 respectively. The result of analysis of the responses to human-induced factors responsible for deforestation in the study revealed that most of the respondents attributed population growth (80.82%) as the major factor responsible for deforestation in the study area. \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 Key words: Diversity index, Shannon-Wiener, farmers, interview, sampling.","PeriodicalId":7675,"journal":{"name":"African Journal of Plant Science","volume":"43 1","pages":"172-182"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-05-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85671972","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Standard heterosis and trait association of maize inbred lines using line x tester mating design \u0000in Ethiopia","authors":"Abebe Abenezer, Wolde Legesse, Gebreselassie Wosene","doi":"10.5897/ajps2019.1839","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5897/ajps2019.1839","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":7675,"journal":{"name":"African Journal of Plant Science","volume":"26 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-05-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74006244","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Grain yield and protein content of upland rice (Oryza sativa L.) varieties as influenced by combined application of primary secondary and micronutrients under Nitisols","authors":"Woldemariam Girma, Tomas Sisay","doi":"10.5897/ajps2020.1990","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5897/ajps2020.1990","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":7675,"journal":{"name":"African Journal of Plant Science","volume":"6 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-05-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76028399","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. Odeph, W. Luasi, A. Kavoo, C. Mweu, Matthew P. Ngugi, F. Maina, N. Nzilani, W. Mbinda, Desta Bekele, G. Abera, Amsalu Gobena
Finger millet is a food crop that provides nutritional security and is climatically resilient for farming and agricultural diversification. However, its quality and yield remain low due to biotic and abiotic factors, the greatest of which is blast disease caused by Magnaporthe oryzae. We surveyed the occurrence, distribution and severity of finger millet blast in five counties, namely, Busia, Bungoma, Kisii, Machakos and Makueni, in Kenya. Blast disease occurrence was determined by observing disease symptoms of different plant parts on each farm, and symptoms were recorded as either present or absent. Severity was evaluated based on the disease symptoms on plant fingers, leaves and necks and generally at the whole farm scale. Distribution was assessed based on the number of farms sampled for blast per county, and global positioning systems coordinates were recorded. Blast occurrence was 100%, with a uniform distribution pattern on all the farms surveyed across all the counties. Busia County had the highest disease severity at 82.3%, while Makueni had the lowest severity at 61%. Pearson’s correlation test revealed no statistically significant correlation between blast severity and plant parts infected (p< 0.05), with Busia (74.2%) having the highest number of plants showing symptoms of blast on fingers, followed by Bungoma (57.1%), Makueni (57%), Machakos (56%) and Kisii, 53.3%. This study reveals that finger millet blast is rampant in all the counties surveyed and is widely distributed in Kenya. This information is helpful in understanding the geographical distribution, occurrence and severity of M. oryzae. Key words: Finger millet blast, occurrence, severity, distribution, Magnaporthe oryzae.
{"title":"Occurrence, distribution and severity of finger millet blast caused by Magnaporthe oryzae in Kenya","authors":"M. Odeph, W. Luasi, A. Kavoo, C. Mweu, Matthew P. Ngugi, F. Maina, N. Nzilani, W. Mbinda, Desta Bekele, G. Abera, Amsalu Gobena","doi":"10.5897/ajps2020.1970","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5897/ajps2020.1970","url":null,"abstract":"Finger millet is a food crop that provides nutritional security and is climatically resilient for farming and agricultural diversification. However, its quality and yield remain low due to biotic and abiotic factors, the greatest of which is blast disease caused by Magnaporthe oryzae. We surveyed the occurrence, distribution and severity of finger millet blast in five counties, namely, Busia, Bungoma, Kisii, Machakos and Makueni, in Kenya. Blast disease occurrence was determined by observing disease symptoms of different plant parts on each farm, and symptoms were recorded as either present or absent. Severity was evaluated based on the disease symptoms on plant fingers, leaves and necks and generally at the whole farm scale. Distribution was assessed based on the number of farms sampled for blast per county, and global positioning systems coordinates were recorded. Blast occurrence was 100%, with a uniform distribution pattern on all the farms surveyed across all the counties. Busia County had the highest disease severity at 82.3%, while Makueni had the lowest severity at 61%. Pearson’s correlation test revealed no statistically significant correlation between blast severity and plant parts infected (p< 0.05), with Busia (74.2%) having the highest number of plants showing symptoms of blast on fingers, followed by Bungoma (57.1%), Makueni (57%), Machakos (56%) and Kisii, 53.3%. This study reveals that finger millet blast is rampant in all the counties surveyed and is widely distributed in Kenya. This information is helpful in understanding the geographical distribution, occurrence and severity of M. oryzae. Key words: Finger millet blast, occurrence, severity, distribution, Magnaporthe oryzae.","PeriodicalId":7675,"journal":{"name":"African Journal of Plant Science","volume":"91 1","pages":"139-149"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75850334","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The purpose of this study was to determine the duration from planting to reproductive phase, of wild blackberry (Rubus spp.) collected from the wild.It was carried out at the Horticulture Research and Teaching Farm, Egerton University, Njoro, Kenya. The experimental layout wasa randomized complete block design (RCBD) replicated three times; treatment was four wild blackberry species and one cultivated cultivar. The days to first flowering were significantly shorter in cultivated species Rubus fruiticosus at 126 days after planting while wild species Rubus pinnatus, Rubus steundneri Rubus volkensis and Rubus apetalu stook much longer time (341, 333, 332 and 227 days, respectively). Compared to other wild species R. apetalus took a significantly shorter time to flowering than all the other wild species. Analysis also showed that cultivated species, R. fruiticusos had significantly the longest harvesting duration compared to all wild species planted in the present study. It is concluded that wild blackberry species under conventional production practices have varying days to reproductive phase. However, more studies are necessary with a view to reducing the days to reproductive phase for the wild species to compare favourably with the cultivated types. Key words: Wild blackberry, reproductive phase, conventional production.
{"title":"Wild blackberry (Rubus spp.) differ in duration to reproductive phase under conventional production in Kenya","authors":"K. O. Ouma, R. Gesimba, Joseph Ngwela Wolukau","doi":"10.5897/ajps2019.1906","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5897/ajps2019.1906","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of this study was to determine the duration from planting to reproductive phase, of wild blackberry (Rubus spp.) collected from the wild.It was carried out at the Horticulture Research and Teaching Farm, Egerton University, Njoro, Kenya. The experimental layout wasa randomized complete block design (RCBD) replicated three times; treatment was four wild blackberry species and one cultivated cultivar. The days to first flowering were significantly shorter in cultivated species Rubus fruiticosus at 126 days after planting while wild species Rubus pinnatus, Rubus steundneri Rubus volkensis and Rubus apetalu stook much longer time (341, 333, 332 and 227 days, respectively). Compared to other wild species R. apetalus took a significantly shorter time to flowering than all the other wild species. Analysis also showed that cultivated species, R. fruiticusos had significantly the longest harvesting duration compared to all wild species planted in the present study. It is concluded that wild blackberry species under conventional production practices have varying days to reproductive phase. However, more studies are necessary with a view to reducing the days to reproductive phase for the wild species to compare favourably with the cultivated types. \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 Key words: Wild blackberry, reproductive phase, conventional production.","PeriodicalId":7675,"journal":{"name":"African Journal of Plant Science","volume":"1 1","pages":"150-154"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73666325","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Potato tuber yield and quality is constrained by a number of biotic and abiotic factors, among which low soil fertility is the prime one. Thus, the objective of the study was to evaluate the effects of chemical fertilizer types and rates on tuber yield and quality of potato at Assosa, Western Ethiopia. The treatments consisted of control, three rates of NP combinations (55 kg N and 45 kg P2O5, 110 kg N and 90 kg P2O5, 165 kg N and 135 kg P2O5 kg ha-1), one NPK combination (110 kg N, 90 kg P2O5 and 69 kg K2O ha-1), formula 2 (100 % NPSB + 91.9 N kg ha-1 and 200% NPSB + 128.8 N kg ha-1) and formula 4 (100 % NPSZnB + 93.1 N kg ha-1 and 200% NPSZnB + 131.2 N kg ha-1). It was observed that higher marketable tuber yield (30.03 t ha-1) and total tuber yield (34.58 t ha-1) were obtained with the application of NPK (110 kg N + 90 kg P2O5 + 69 kg K2O ha-1) implying that K is an important limiting nutrient besides N and P in the study area. Therefore, NPK fertilizer application is recommended for high yield and quality tuber production in Assosa area, western Ethiopia. Key words: Chemical fertilizer, potato, tuber, yield.
马铃薯块茎产量和品质受多种生物和非生物因素的制约，其中土壤肥力低是主要因素。因此，本研究的目的是评价化肥种类和用量对埃塞俄比亚西部阿索萨马铃薯块茎产量和品质的影响。治疗包括控制,三个NP组合(55公斤N和45公斤P2O5, 110公斤N和90公斤P2O5、165公斤N和135公斤P2O5公斤农业),一个氮磷钾组合(110公斤N, 90公斤P2O5和69公斤K2O农业,公式2 (100% NPSB N + 91.9公斤N NPSB + 128.8公斤是农业和200%)和公式4 (100% NPSZnB N + 93.1公斤N NPSZnB + 131.2公斤是农业和200%)。结果表明，氮磷钾(110 kg N + 90 kg P2O5 + 69 kg K2O hm -1)处理可获得较高的可销块茎产量(30.03 t hm -1)和总块茎产量(34.58 t hm -1)，表明钾是研究区除氮、磷外重要的限制性养分。因此，建议在埃塞俄比亚西部阿索萨地区施用氮磷钾肥，以获得高产优质的块茎生产。关键词:化肥，马铃薯，块茎，产量
{"title":"Effects of chemical fertilizer types and rates on tuber yield and quality of potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) at Assosa, Western Ethiopia","authors":"Desta Bekele, G. Abera, Amsalu Gobena","doi":"10.5897/AJPS2019.1930","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5897/AJPS2019.1930","url":null,"abstract":"Potato tuber yield and quality is constrained by a number of biotic and abiotic factors, among which low soil fertility is the prime one. Thus, the objective of the study was to evaluate the effects of chemical fertilizer types and rates on tuber yield and quality of potato at Assosa, Western Ethiopia. The treatments consisted of control, three rates of NP combinations (55 kg N and 45 kg P2O5, 110 kg N and 90 kg P2O5, 165 kg N and 135 kg P2O5 kg ha-1), one NPK combination (110 kg N, 90 kg P2O5 and 69 kg K2O ha-1), formula 2 (100 % NPSB + 91.9 N kg ha-1 and 200% NPSB + 128.8 N kg ha-1) and formula 4 (100 % NPSZnB + 93.1 N kg ha-1 and 200% NPSZnB + 131.2 N kg ha-1). It was observed that higher marketable tuber yield (30.03 t ha-1) and total tuber yield (34.58 t ha-1) were obtained with the application of NPK (110 kg N + 90 kg P2O5 + 69 kg K2O ha-1) implying that K is an important limiting nutrient besides N and P in the study area. Therefore, NPK fertilizer application is recommended for high yield and quality tuber production in Assosa area, western Ethiopia. \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 Key words: Chemical fertilizer, potato, tuber, yield.","PeriodicalId":7675,"journal":{"name":"African Journal of Plant Science","volume":"53 1","pages":"155-164"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78647278","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Information on the nature and magnitude of genetic variability is one of the prerequisites for a successful breeding program in selecting genotypes with desirable characters. To estimate the level of genetic divergence of lowland rice genotypes, a field experiment was conducted using thirty-six genotypes during 2017 main cropping season. The experiment was laid out 6x6 simple lattice design. Analyses of variances showed significant differences among traits tested, except harvest index. Principal components PC1, PC2 and PC3 accounted for 64.16% of the total variation. The highest inter-cluster distance was exhibited between cluster I and IV (D2 = 769.77), cluster I and VI (D2=485.33), cluster I and III (D2=232.35), cluster III and IV (D2=312), cluster III and VI (D2=197), cluster IV and VI (D2=746.51), cluster VI and V (D2=259.51) and cluster VI and VII (D2=140.15). The crosses between genotypes selected from cluster I with clusters IV, VI and III; cluster IV with clusters III, VI and V are expected to produce better genetic recombination and segregation in their progenies. The cluster means for cluster VI and I were characterized by early heading and early maturity. While cluster I, II, III, and IV were characterized by high mean performance for grain yield for most of its components. Key words: Cluster analysis, divergence, genetic distance, principal component, rice.
{"title":"Genetic divergence analyses of lowland rice genotypes in North Western Ethiopia","authors":"Alamir Ayenew, Tiegist Dejene, Fisseha Worede","doi":"10.5897/AJPS2019.1782","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5897/AJPS2019.1782","url":null,"abstract":"Information on the nature and magnitude of genetic variability is one of the prerequisites for a successful breeding program in selecting genotypes with desirable characters. To estimate the level of genetic divergence of lowland rice genotypes, a field experiment was conducted using thirty-six genotypes during 2017 main cropping season. The experiment was laid out 6x6 simple lattice design. Analyses of variances showed significant differences among traits tested, except harvest index. Principal components PC1, PC2 and PC3 accounted for 64.16% of the total variation. The highest inter-cluster distance was exhibited between cluster I and IV (D2 = 769.77), cluster I and VI (D2=485.33), cluster I and III (D2=232.35), cluster III and IV (D2=312), cluster III and VI (D2=197), cluster IV and VI (D2=746.51), cluster VI and V (D2=259.51) and cluster VI and VII (D2=140.15). The crosses between genotypes selected from cluster I with clusters IV, VI and III; cluster IV with clusters III, VI and V are expected to produce better genetic recombination and segregation in their progenies. The cluster means for cluster VI and I were characterized by early heading and early maturity. While cluster I, II, III, and IV were characterized by high mean performance for grain yield for most of its components. \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 Key words: Cluster analysis, divergence, genetic distance, principal component, rice.","PeriodicalId":7675,"journal":{"name":"African Journal of Plant Science","volume":"98 1","pages":"165-171"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83544466","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Zeleke Keimeso, Demissew Abakemal, W. Gebreselassie
Maize (Zea mays L.) is one of the cereals that provide calorie requirements in the majority of Ethiopians diet. The national average maize yield in Ethiopia is low and thus knowledge of combining ability and heterosis is a prerequisite to develop high yielding maize varieties. The objective of the present study is to estimate combining abilities of double haploid (DH) maize inbred lines for grain yield and related agronomic traits, and to identify crosses with higher standard heterosis. A total of 36 diallel crosses generated by crossing nine maize DH lines using half diallel mating scheme and four standard checks were studied for different desirable agronomic traits during 2017 cropping season at Ambo and Kulumsa Agricultural Research Centers. The genotypes were evaluated in alpha lattice design replicated twice in both locations. Analyses of variances showed significant mean squares due to crosses for most traits studied. The highest grain yields were obtained from crosses L1 x L3, L3 x L8, L4 x L8 and L8 x L9. GCA mean squares were significant for all studied traits, while SCA mean squares were significant only for grain yield, days to anthesis, ear per plant and ear diameter. Relatively larger GCA over SCA variances were observed in the current study for most studied traits revealing the predominance of additive gene action in controlling these traits. Of the DH inbred lines, L3 and L8 were the best general combiners for grain yield, and hence are promising parents for hybrid development. Inbred lines L2, L4, L6, L7 and L8 were good combiners for earliness whereas, L1, L2 and L6 showed negative and significant GCA effects for plant and ear height. In this study, none of the crosses showed positive and significant standard heterosis for grain yield. Key words: Combining ability, general combining ability, highland maize, standard heterosis, specific combining ability.
{"title":"Heterosis and combining ability of highland adapted maize (Zea mays. L) DH lines for desirable \u0000agronomic traits","authors":"Zeleke Keimeso, Demissew Abakemal, W. Gebreselassie","doi":"10.5897/AJPS2019.1880","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5897/AJPS2019.1880","url":null,"abstract":"Maize (Zea mays L.) is one of the cereals that provide calorie requirements in the majority of Ethiopians diet. The national average maize yield in Ethiopia is low and thus knowledge of combining ability and heterosis is a prerequisite to develop high yielding maize varieties. The objective of the present study is to estimate combining abilities of double haploid (DH) maize inbred lines for grain yield and related agronomic traits, and to identify crosses with higher standard heterosis. A total of 36 diallel crosses generated by crossing nine maize DH lines using half diallel mating scheme and four standard checks were studied for different desirable agronomic traits during 2017 cropping season at Ambo and Kulumsa Agricultural Research Centers. The genotypes were evaluated in alpha lattice design replicated twice in both locations. Analyses of variances showed significant mean squares due to crosses for most traits studied. The highest grain yields were obtained from crosses L1 x L3, L3 x L8, L4 x L8 and L8 x L9. GCA mean squares were significant for all studied traits, while SCA mean squares were significant only for grain yield, days to anthesis, ear per plant and ear diameter. Relatively larger GCA over SCA variances were observed in the current study for most studied traits revealing the predominance of additive gene action in controlling these traits. Of the DH inbred lines, L3 and L8 were the best general combiners for grain yield, and hence are promising parents for hybrid development. Inbred lines L2, L4, L6, L7 and L8 were good combiners for earliness whereas, L1, L2 and L6 showed negative and significant GCA effects for plant and ear height. In this study, none of the crosses showed positive and significant standard heterosis for grain yield. \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 Key words: Combining ability, general combining ability, highland maize, standard heterosis, specific combining ability.","PeriodicalId":7675,"journal":{"name":"African Journal of Plant Science","volume":"34 1","pages":"121-133"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76761677","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Wheat growth and yield response were evaluated in a greenhouse experiment using two major soils, Nitosols and Vertisols. Sorption capacities of the soils and crop response were employed to determine the availability of nutrients in the two soils. Eight fertilizer treatments (Optimum (Opt.),Optimum-N, Optimum-P,Optimum-K,Optimum-S,Optimum-B,Optimum-Zn and control) in Nitosols and six fertilizer treatments (Optimum, Optimum-N, Optimum-P, Optimum-S, Optimum-B and control) in Vertisols were arranged in completely randomized design (CRD) with five replications using wheat variety (Digalu) as a test crop. Deficiency in total N, available P, S and B was observed in the two soils. Besides, K and Z in Nitisols were less than three times the critical values. The result indicated that applications of optimum fertilizer significantly (P<0.05) increased plant height, spike length, number of seeds per spike, straw yield, grain yield and total biomass yield. Similarly, it resulted in an increase in grain yield of 75 and 68% over the controls in Nitosols and vertisols respectively. Omission of N, P, S, and B were resulted in grain yield reduction by 65.6, 23.4, 4.7, and 3.1% in Nitosols and by 69.4, 22.4, 14.1, and 15.3% in vertisols. Omission of K and Zn in Nitisols also causes up to 9.4 and 4.7% grain yield reduction. Thus, external supplies of these nutrients could be recommended for optimum production of wheat. Key words: Grain yield, Nitisols, nutrient concentrations in plants, soil nutrient contents, Vertisols.
{"title":"Sorption characteristics, growth and yield response of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) to application of essential nutrients on nitisol and vertisol of Central Highland \u0000of Ethiopia","authors":"A. Abebe, G. Abera, S. Beyene","doi":"10.5897/AJPS2019.1873","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5897/AJPS2019.1873","url":null,"abstract":"Wheat growth and yield response were evaluated in a greenhouse experiment using two major soils, Nitosols and Vertisols. Sorption capacities of the soils and crop response were employed to determine the availability of nutrients in the two soils. Eight fertilizer treatments (Optimum (Opt.),Optimum-N, Optimum-P,Optimum-K,Optimum-S,Optimum-B,Optimum-Zn and control) in Nitosols and six fertilizer treatments (Optimum, Optimum-N, Optimum-P, Optimum-S, Optimum-B and control) in Vertisols were arranged in completely randomized design (CRD) with five replications using wheat variety (Digalu) as a test crop. Deficiency in total N, available P, S and B was observed in the two soils. Besides, K and Z in Nitisols were less than three times the critical values. The result indicated that applications of optimum fertilizer significantly (P<0.05) increased plant height, spike length, number of seeds per spike, straw yield, grain yield and total biomass yield. Similarly, it resulted in an increase in grain yield of 75 and 68% over the controls in Nitosols and vertisols respectively. Omission of N, P, S, and B were resulted in grain yield reduction by 65.6, 23.4, 4.7, and 3.1% in Nitosols and by 69.4, 22.4, 14.1, and 15.3% in vertisols. Omission of K and Zn in Nitisols also causes up to 9.4 and 4.7% grain yield reduction. Thus, external supplies of these nutrients could be recommended for optimum production of wheat. \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 Key words: Grain yield, Nitisols, nutrient concentrations in plants, soil nutrient contents, Vertisols.","PeriodicalId":7675,"journal":{"name":"African Journal of Plant Science","volume":"8 1","pages":"108-120"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88378241","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Hendrix Muma Chalwe, O. Lungu, A. Mweetwa, E. Phiri, Jones Yengwe, Samuel Muriu Christopher Njoroge, R. Brandenburg
Good agricultural practices are an effective means of minimizing pre-harvest aflatoxin contamination in peanuts. A field experiment was conducted to evaluate the effect of gypsum on pod yield and aflatoxin contamination in three peanut cultivars (Kadononga, MGV 4 and MGV 5) in Zambia. The experiment was conducted in Chongwe and Lusaka districts. Gypsum (15.6 % calcium) was applied at rates of 0 and 400 kg/ha at flowering stage. Although gypsum had no significant effect on aflatoxin contamination, there were significant differences (p = 0.009) in cultivar susceptibility to aflatoxin contamination. The cultivar with the smallest kernels had 18.8% lower aflatoxin content than the large-kernelled cultivar. Additionally, gypsum did not have a clear effect on pod yield. For instance, gypsum was associated with 44.8% more grain-filled pods in Kadononga (p = 0.005) at the site in Lusaka, but this result did not apply to the other two cultivars. At the site in Chongwe, gypsum was associated with 34.6% higher pod yield of MGV 5 only (p = 0.006). These results further suggest that plant factors such as kernel size may have an influence on natural resistance to aflatoxin contamination in peanuts. Key words: Aflatoxin, gypsum, peanut cultivar, pod-yield, Zambia.
{"title":"The effects of gypsum on pod-yield and pre-harvest aflatoxin contamination in selected peanut cultivars \u0000of Zambia","authors":"Hendrix Muma Chalwe, O. Lungu, A. Mweetwa, E. Phiri, Jones Yengwe, Samuel Muriu Christopher Njoroge, R. Brandenburg","doi":"10.5897/AJPS2019.1807","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5897/AJPS2019.1807","url":null,"abstract":"Good agricultural practices are an effective means of minimizing pre-harvest aflatoxin contamination in peanuts. A field experiment was conducted to evaluate the effect of gypsum on pod yield and aflatoxin contamination in three peanut cultivars (Kadononga, MGV 4 and MGV 5) in Zambia. The experiment was conducted in Chongwe and Lusaka districts. Gypsum (15.6 % calcium) was applied at rates of 0 and 400 kg/ha at flowering stage. Although gypsum had no significant effect on aflatoxin contamination, there were significant differences (p = 0.009) in cultivar susceptibility to aflatoxin contamination. The cultivar with the smallest kernels had 18.8% lower aflatoxin content than the large-kernelled cultivar. Additionally, gypsum did not have a clear effect on pod yield. For instance, gypsum was associated with 44.8% more grain-filled pods in Kadononga (p = 0.005) at the site in Lusaka, but this result did not apply to the other two cultivars. At the site in Chongwe, gypsum was associated with 34.6% higher pod yield of MGV 5 only (p = 0.006). These results further suggest that plant factors such as kernel size may have an influence on natural resistance to aflatoxin contamination in peanuts. \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 Key words: Aflatoxin, gypsum, peanut cultivar, pod-yield, Zambia.","PeriodicalId":7675,"journal":{"name":"African Journal of Plant Science","volume":"1 1","pages":"134-138"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89816142","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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