Pub Date : 1988-08-01DOI: 10.1080/08940630.1988.10466442
J F Bedi, S M Horvath, D M Drechsler-Parks
To test the reproducibility of the pulmonary function response to ozone exposure in older individuals, eight men and eight women, average age 62.8 years, participated in three 2-hour exposures to 0.45 ppm ozone at 23.3 C and 62.5 percent relative humidity. The first and second exposures were separated by an average time of 17.2 days, and 27.3 days separated the second and third exposures. Subjects alternated riding a bicycle ergometer for 20 minutes at an average minute ventilation of 26 liters BTPS (body temperature pressure, saturated), with 20-minute rest periods. Forced vital capacity (FVC), forced expiratory volume in 1 sec (FEV-1), and forced expiratory flow between 25 and 75% of FVC (FEF 25-75%) were measured pre and post exposure. The reproducibility of individual pre-post changes were assessed by calculation of the best linear fit and correlation coefficients between exposures. For FVC and FEV-1, the slopes were significantly different from 1, and correlation coefficients not significantly different from zero, implying that older individuals may not respond consistently to similar ozone exposures.
{"title":"Reproducibility of the pulmonary function response of older men and women to a 2-hour ozone exposure.","authors":"J F Bedi, S M Horvath, D M Drechsler-Parks","doi":"10.1080/08940630.1988.10466442","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/08940630.1988.10466442","url":null,"abstract":"To test the reproducibility of the pulmonary function response to ozone exposure in older individuals, eight men and eight women, average age 62.8 years, participated in three 2-hour exposures to 0.45 ppm ozone at 23.3 C and 62.5 percent relative humidity. The first and second exposures were separated by an average time of 17.2 days, and 27.3 days separated the second and third exposures. Subjects alternated riding a bicycle ergometer for 20 minutes at an average minute ventilation of 26 liters BTPS (body temperature pressure, saturated), with 20-minute rest periods. Forced vital capacity (FVC), forced expiratory volume in 1 sec (FEV-1), and forced expiratory flow between 25 and 75% of FVC (FEF 25-75%) were measured pre and post exposure. The reproducibility of individual pre-post changes were assessed by calculation of the best linear fit and correlation coefficients between exposures. For FVC and FEV-1, the slopes were significantly different from 1, and correlation coefficients not significantly different from zero, implying that older individuals may not respond consistently to similar ozone exposures.","PeriodicalId":77731,"journal":{"name":"JAPCA","volume":"38 8","pages":"1016-9"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1988-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/08940630.1988.10466442","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"14351460","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1988-08-01DOI: 10.1080/08940630.1988.10466440
J D Pleil, K D Oliver, W A McClenny
Ambient air samples from various studies were analyzed for a specific set of trace-level volatile organic compounds by using a gas chromatograph (GC) equipped with a flame ionization detector (FID) in parallel with an electron capture detector (ECD). The samples were then reanalyzed on a second GC system equipped with a mass selective detector (MSD). GC-FID/ECD data were compared to the nominally correct GC-MSD data to determine the accuracy of the nonspecific detectors, which often do not differentiate the targeted compound from Interfering compounds. Qualitative accuracy (capability for correctly identifying compounds on the basis of retention time only) and quantitative accuracy (capability for correctly measuring the concentration of an identified compound on the basis of peak area) were evaluated. Data are presented on a per-compound basis to provide the combined typical results from air samples collected in three geographic regions: Kanawha Valley, WV; Los Angeles, CA, area; and Houston, TX.
{"title":"Ambient air analyses using nonspecific flame ionization and electron capture detection compared to specific detection by mass spectroscopy.","authors":"J D Pleil, K D Oliver, W A McClenny","doi":"10.1080/08940630.1988.10466440","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/08940630.1988.10466440","url":null,"abstract":"Ambient air samples from various studies were analyzed for a specific set of trace-level volatile organic compounds by using a gas chromatograph (GC) equipped with a flame ionization detector (FID) in parallel with an electron capture detector (ECD). The samples were then reanalyzed on a second GC system equipped with a mass selective detector (MSD). GC-FID/ECD data were compared to the nominally correct GC-MSD data to determine the accuracy of the nonspecific detectors, which often do not differentiate the targeted compound from Interfering compounds. Qualitative accuracy (capability for correctly identifying compounds on the basis of retention time only) and quantitative accuracy (capability for correctly measuring the concentration of an identified compound on the basis of peak area) were evaluated. Data are presented on a per-compound basis to provide the combined typical results from air samples collected in three geographic regions: Kanawha Valley, WV; Los Angeles, CA, area; and Houston, TX.","PeriodicalId":77731,"journal":{"name":"JAPCA","volume":"38 8","pages":"1006-10"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1988-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/08940630.1988.10466440","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"14351458","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1988-07-01DOI: 10.1080/08940630.1988.10466432
R L Fleischer
Although many remedial measures have been proposed for excessive indoor /sup 222/Rn concentrations, their general effectiveness in given situations is not well established, in part because of the number and complexity of the factors that influence indoor /sup 222/Rn. The strategy considered here is the use of basement ventilation to control upstairs indoor radioactivity. A simple two-compartment model is described and used to derive ventilation rates that are needed to lower radon concentrations to specific levels. Previously published indoor radon measurements are used to derive the parameters needed for the calculations. The results of the two-compartment model differ typically by a factor of two from the simpler, more often used one-compartment approximation.
{"title":"Basement ventilation needed to lower indoor radon to acceptable levels.","authors":"R L Fleischer","doi":"10.1080/08940630.1988.10466432","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/08940630.1988.10466432","url":null,"abstract":"Although many remedial measures have been proposed for excessive indoor /sup 222/Rn concentrations, their general effectiveness in given situations is not well established, in part because of the number and complexity of the factors that influence indoor /sup 222/Rn. The strategy considered here is the use of basement ventilation to control upstairs indoor radioactivity. A simple two-compartment model is described and used to derive ventilation rates that are needed to lower radon concentrations to specific levels. Previously published indoor radon measurements are used to derive the parameters needed for the calculations. The results of the two-compartment model differ typically by a factor of two from the simpler, more often used one-compartment approximation.","PeriodicalId":77731,"journal":{"name":"JAPCA","volume":"38 7","pages":"914-6"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1988-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/08940630.1988.10466432","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"14338822","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1988-07-01DOI: 10.1080/08940630.1988.10466433
G Erfani, F W Bell
The purpose of this study was to analyze quantitative relationships between air pollution and mortality, and to examine the impact of migration on pollution-related mortality functions. Dose-response functions were estimated for intra-urban variations in ambient air quality for the city of Jacksonville, Florida. Indices of air pollution used in this study were sulfur dioxide (SO2) and total suspended particulates (TSP). Ambient air quality was measured by the dispersion of TSP and SO2 across census tracts using the SYMAP dispersion model in conjunction with air quality monitoring stations. Holding other things constant, TSP apeared to have no statistically significant association with mortality rates. By contrast, the significance of the estimated coefficient for the pollution variable, SO2, supported the contention that there is a positive and statistically significant relationship between air pollution and mortality rates. However, after making a limited test of the impact of migration on dose-response ...
{"title":"The impact of migration on air quality dose-response functions: a case study of Jacksonville, Florida.","authors":"G Erfani, F W Bell","doi":"10.1080/08940630.1988.10466433","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/08940630.1988.10466433","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of this study was to analyze quantitative relationships between air pollution and mortality, and to examine the impact of migration on pollution-related mortality functions. Dose-response functions were estimated for intra-urban variations in ambient air quality for the city of Jacksonville, Florida. Indices of air pollution used in this study were sulfur dioxide (SO2) and total suspended particulates (TSP). Ambient air quality was measured by the dispersion of TSP and SO2 across census tracts using the SYMAP dispersion model in conjunction with air quality monitoring stations. Holding other things constant, TSP apeared to have no statistically significant association with mortality rates. By contrast, the significance of the estimated coefficient for the pollution variable, SO2, supported the contention that there is a positive and statistically significant relationship between air pollution and mortality rates. However, after making a limited test of the impact of migration on dose-response ...","PeriodicalId":77731,"journal":{"name":"JAPCA","volume":"38 7","pages":"917-20"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1988-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/08940630.1988.10466433","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"14341610","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1988-07-01DOI: 10.1080/08940630.1988.10466427
M Lippmann
Exposures to airborne irritants such as O/sub 3/, NO/sub 2/, SO/sub 2/ and H/sub 2/SO/sub 4/ can produce measurable changes in a variety of pulmonary functions such as respiratory mechanics, pulmonary gas exchange, mucociliary particle clearance, and airway permeability. The most commonly measured indices of pulmonary function are those obtained by analyzing flows and volumes during a maximal forced expiratory maneuver, because they can be obtained readily in both laboratory and field studies in humans. Other functional measures are essentially limited to laboratory studies on relatively small populations of humans, or on experimental animals. Interpretation of respiratory function changes in relation to exposures to airborne irritants is complicated by the large interindividual variability in baseline function and responsiveness, the superposition of both the transient effects of recent acute exposure and the cumulative effects of chronic exposure at any given measurement, and the inherent day-to-day variability of effort dependent indices. Each of several components may affect the same functions, but with different time scales and may affect different segments of the population of different degrees. The greatest uncertainties lie in the significance of transient and apparently reversible effects, and their contribution, if any, to permanent functional changes. Use of animal modelsmore » to study the role of transient changes in function on the development of permanent changes is illustrated in terms of the effects of H/sub 2/SO/sub 4/ on particle clearance function.« less
{"title":"Health significance of pulmonary function responses to airborne irritants.","authors":"M Lippmann","doi":"10.1080/08940630.1988.10466427","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/08940630.1988.10466427","url":null,"abstract":"Exposures to airborne irritants such as O/sub 3/, NO/sub 2/, SO/sub 2/ and H/sub 2/SO/sub 4/ can produce measurable changes in a variety of pulmonary functions such as respiratory mechanics, pulmonary gas exchange, mucociliary particle clearance, and airway permeability. The most commonly measured indices of pulmonary function are those obtained by analyzing flows and volumes during a maximal forced expiratory maneuver, because they can be obtained readily in both laboratory and field studies in humans. Other functional measures are essentially limited to laboratory studies on relatively small populations of humans, or on experimental animals. Interpretation of respiratory function changes in relation to exposures to airborne irritants is complicated by the large interindividual variability in baseline function and responsiveness, the superposition of both the transient effects of recent acute exposure and the cumulative effects of chronic exposure at any given measurement, and the inherent day-to-day variability of effort dependent indices. Each of several components may affect the same functions, but with different time scales and may affect different segments of the population of different degrees. The greatest uncertainties lie in the significance of transient and apparently reversible effects, and their contribution, if any, to permanent functional changes. Use of animal modelsmore » to study the role of transient changes in function on the development of permanent changes is illustrated in terms of the effects of H/sub 2/SO/sub 4/ on particle clearance function.« less","PeriodicalId":77731,"journal":{"name":"JAPCA","volume":"38 7","pages":"881-7"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1988-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/08940630.1988.10466427","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"14194195","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1988-07-01DOI: 10.1080/08940630.1988.10466430
M A Khalil, R A Rasmussen
During the winter of 1985-1986 the authors took 6-h integrated air samples and measured the concentrations of carbon monoxide and other gases at a residential site in Olympia, Washington. The 6-h average concentrations were between about 0.2 and 3.2 ppmv. For each 6-h period the observed concentrations of CO was apportioned among its sources which were residential wood burning and automobiles. Small and generally insignificant amounts of CO were also observed from unidentified sources. A chemical mass balance (CMB) was formulated and applied to apportion the observed CO among its sources. The results showed that in Olympia, wood burning can often contribute as much CO as automobiles during winter. Wood burning contributed most during evening and nighttime and very little during the day, while automobiles contributed most during the morning and evening hours and very little at night. These patterns lend support to the accuracy of the model and source emission factors since they are as expected from the diurnal variations of the sources and atmospheric mixing.
{"title":"Carbon monoxide in an urban environment: application of a receptor model for source apportionment.","authors":"M A Khalil, R A Rasmussen","doi":"10.1080/08940630.1988.10466430","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/08940630.1988.10466430","url":null,"abstract":"During the winter of 1985-1986 the authors took 6-h integrated air samples and measured the concentrations of carbon monoxide and other gases at a residential site in Olympia, Washington. The 6-h average concentrations were between about 0.2 and 3.2 ppmv. For each 6-h period the observed concentrations of CO was apportioned among its sources which were residential wood burning and automobiles. Small and generally insignificant amounts of CO were also observed from unidentified sources. A chemical mass balance (CMB) was formulated and applied to apportion the observed CO among its sources. The results showed that in Olympia, wood burning can often contribute as much CO as automobiles during winter. Wood burning contributed most during evening and nighttime and very little during the day, while automobiles contributed most during the morning and evening hours and very little at night. These patterns lend support to the accuracy of the model and source emission factors since they are as expected from the diurnal variations of the sources and atmospheric mixing.","PeriodicalId":77731,"journal":{"name":"JAPCA","volume":"38 7","pages":"901-6"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1988-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/08940630.1988.10466430","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"13610383","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1988-06-01DOI: 10.1080/08940630.1988.10466419
T L de Souza
Various techniques of determining total reduced sulfur (TRS) gases that are emitted in the manufacture of pulp and paper, particularly in the kraft pulping process, are reviewed. Particular emphasis is placed on two types of popular TRS analyzers used in Canada, viz. coulometers and gas chromatographs, with a discussion on the automation of the latter.
{"title":"Sulphur gas analysis in the pulp and paper industry.","authors":"T L de Souza","doi":"10.1080/08940630.1988.10466419","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/08940630.1988.10466419","url":null,"abstract":"Various techniques of determining total reduced sulfur (TRS) gases that are emitted in the manufacture of pulp and paper, particularly in the kraft pulping process, are reviewed. Particular emphasis is placed on two types of popular TRS analyzers used in Canada, viz. coulometers and gas chromatographs, with a discussion on the automation of the latter.","PeriodicalId":77731,"journal":{"name":"JAPCA","volume":"38 6","pages":"792-5"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1988-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/08940630.1988.10466419","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"14338818","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1988-06-01DOI: 10.1080/08940630.1988.10466424
R K Jayanty, C K Sokol, D J Von Lehmden
Audit materials containing principal organic hazardous constituents (POHCs) have been developed by EPA for use by federal, state, and local agencies or their contractors to assess the accuracy of measurement methods used during RCRA trial burn tests. Audit materials are currently available for 27gaseous organics in five, six, seven, and nine-component mixtures at parts-per-billion levels (7 to 10,000 ppb) in compressed gas cylinders in a balance gas of nitrogen. The criteria used for the selection of 27 gaseous organic compounds is described. Stability studies indicate that all of the organics tested (with the exception of ethylene oxide and propylene oxide below 10 ppb levels) are stable enough to be used as reliable audit materials. Subsequent to completion of the stability studies, 89 performance audits have been conducted with the audit materials to assess the accuracy of the Volatile Organic Sampling Train (VOST) and bag measurement methods during or prior to RCRA trial burn tests. A summary of the a...
{"title":"Performance audit results for volatile POHC measurements during RCRA trial burn tests.","authors":"R K Jayanty, C K Sokol, D J Von Lehmden","doi":"10.1080/08940630.1988.10466424","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/08940630.1988.10466424","url":null,"abstract":"Audit materials containing principal organic hazardous constituents (POHCs) have been developed by EPA for use by federal, state, and local agencies or their contractors to assess the accuracy of measurement methods used during RCRA trial burn tests. Audit materials are currently available for 27gaseous organics in five, six, seven, and nine-component mixtures at parts-per-billion levels (7 to 10,000 ppb) in compressed gas cylinders in a balance gas of nitrogen. The criteria used for the selection of 27 gaseous organic compounds is described. Stability studies indicate that all of the organics tested (with the exception of ethylene oxide and propylene oxide below 10 ppb levels) are stable enough to be used as reliable audit materials. Subsequent to completion of the stability studies, 89 performance audits have been conducted with the audit materials to assess the accuracy of the Volatile Organic Sampling Train (VOST) and bag measurement methods during or prior to RCRA trial burn tests. A summary of the a...","PeriodicalId":77731,"journal":{"name":"JAPCA","volume":"38 6","pages":"823-7"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1988-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/08940630.1988.10466424","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"14338821","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1988-06-01DOI: 10.1080/08940630.1988.10466423
J E Leemann
The extractive nature of the petroleum industry sets it apart from other industries in many respects. The nature of this industry places it at somewhat of a disadvantage to other industries when attempts are made to foster waste minimization practices and programs. However, this is no excuse for the industry to not further vigorously pursue minimizing waste. This paper describes the petroleum industry and the products it makes along with their associated waste streams. The industry’s commitment to waste minimization is described with examples of specific minimization projects provided. Although the opportunities for minimization are limited, the economic incentives for reducing waste disposal costs, not to mention long term liability from improper disposal practices, has put the petroleum industry on the road to waste minimization.
{"title":"Hazardous waste minimization: Part V. Waste minimization in the petroleum industry.","authors":"J E Leemann","doi":"10.1080/08940630.1988.10466423","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/08940630.1988.10466423","url":null,"abstract":"The extractive nature of the petroleum industry sets it apart from other industries in many respects. The nature of this industry places it at somewhat of a disadvantage to other industries when attempts are made to foster waste minimization practices and programs. However, this is no excuse for the industry to not further vigorously pursue minimizing waste. This paper describes the petroleum industry and the products it makes along with their associated waste streams. The industry’s commitment to waste minimization is described with examples of specific minimization projects provided. Although the opportunities for minimization are limited, the economic incentives for reducing waste disposal costs, not to mention long term liability from improper disposal practices, has put the petroleum industry on the road to waste minimization.","PeriodicalId":77731,"journal":{"name":"JAPCA","volume":"38 6","pages":"814-23"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1988-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/08940630.1988.10466423","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"14338820","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1988-06-01DOI: 10.1080/08940630.1988.10466421
R J Tidona, A A Nizami, N P Cernansky
Experiments were carried out to determine the relative chemiluminescence quenching efficiencies as a function of third body concentration for each of the common combustion products, H/sub 2/O, CO/sub 2/, CO, H/sub 2/, O/sub 2/ and Ar. These results are compared with those or other investigators. The effect of reaction chamber pressure on analyzer response and the development of an analyzer design which incorporates an adjustable sample capillary inlet capable of maintaining a constant molar flow rate of sample gas to the reaction chamber are discussed. The effect of carbon monoxide interference on chemiluminescent NO/sub x/ measurement has been isolated and found to be significant. A means of correcting NO/sub x/ measurements for these CO interference effects is described. Quantification of NO and NO/sub 2/ absorption in liquid water in NO/sub x/ sampling systems has been made. Recommendations for sample system designs to handle the presence of water in the sample gas are made.
{"title":"Reducing interference effects in the chemiluminescent measurement of nitric oxides from combustion systems.","authors":"R J Tidona, A A Nizami, N P Cernansky","doi":"10.1080/08940630.1988.10466421","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/08940630.1988.10466421","url":null,"abstract":"Experiments were carried out to determine the relative chemiluminescence quenching efficiencies as a function of third body concentration for each of the common combustion products, H/sub 2/O, CO/sub 2/, CO, H/sub 2/, O/sub 2/ and Ar. These results are compared with those or other investigators. The effect of reaction chamber pressure on analyzer response and the development of an analyzer design which incorporates an adjustable sample capillary inlet capable of maintaining a constant molar flow rate of sample gas to the reaction chamber are discussed. The effect of carbon monoxide interference on chemiluminescent NO/sub x/ measurement has been isolated and found to be significant. A means of correcting NO/sub x/ measurements for these CO interference effects is described. Quantification of NO and NO/sub 2/ absorption in liquid water in NO/sub x/ sampling systems has been made. Recommendations for sample system designs to handle the presence of water in the sample gas are made.","PeriodicalId":77731,"journal":{"name":"JAPCA","volume":"38 6","pages":"806-11"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1988-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/08940630.1988.10466421","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"14338819","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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