Anais brasileiros de dermatologia最新文献

Hair holds a significance that surpasses mere aesthetics, as it plays a pivotal role in our social interactions and contributes significantly to the definition of our self-esteem. Central to this understanding is the concept of the exposome, which encompasses intrinsic elements like genetics and physiological changes, as well as extrinsic factors such as UV radiation, pollution, lifestyle choices, and chemical treatments. These factors may significantly impact hair health and hair aging. Expanding upon the groundwork laid by the first part of this research (Cedirian et al., 2024), this study aims to deepen our understanding of exposome influence on hair. Specifically, through a narrative review of current literature, this second part endeavors to provide non-pharmacological treatment solutions and effective strategies to mitigate the negative impact of the exposome on hair health.

Background: Cutaneous tuberculosis is a rare form of the disease that defies diagnosis due to the diversity of clinical presentations. This study was based on the reality of a dermatology referral center in the Brazilian Amazon region to detail several characteristics of this disease.

Objective: To describe a series of cases of cutaneous tuberculosis treated at a dermatology service in the Brazilian Amazon region, addressing epidemiological aspects, clinical forms, diagnostic methods, treatment, and outcomes.

Methods: This is a descriptive and observational study of the case series type, including eight patients with a confirmed diagnosis of cutaneous tuberculosis seen between 2021 and 2023. A standardized protocol was used to collect data from patients' medical records.

Results: Among the eight cases of cutaneous tuberculosis, there were four cases of erythema induratum of Bazin, one case of tuberculosis verrucosa cutis, two cases of scrofuloderma, and one case of lupus vulgaris. Erythema induratum of Bazin, the most common form in the study, occurred predominantly in women, presenting as infiltrated plaques and erythematous nodules. All eight cases were treated with the standard therapeutic regimen of the Brazilian Ministry of Health (rifampicin, isoniazid, pyrazinamide, and ethambutol).

Study limitations: They include the small sample size, making generalizations difficult.

Conclusions: The study addressed the clinical diversity of cutaneous tuberculosis, with erythema induratum of Bazin as the most common form. The importance of the socioeconomic context in the prevalence of the disease and the need for more comprehensive epidemiological studies to improve the understanding of cutaneous tuberculosis, especially in endemic regions, are highlighted.

Male androgenetic alopecia (MAA) is quite common and worsens with age, with a significant impact on quality of life, and is increasingly a reason for consultation with a dermatologist. The etiopathogenesis of MAA is multifactorial and genetic and hormonal influences stand out. MAA starts with the process of follicular miniaturization in diverse phenotypic patterns. The diagnosis of MAA is basically clinical and currently corroborated by well-established trichoscopic findings. Despite this, therapeutic options are limited, especially when one considers medications with a high level of scientific evidence. This review aims to help the general dermatologist towards a better understanding of MAA providing a basis for good individualized and judicious therapeutic decisions.

Keloid is a common fibrotic disease, which is difficult to treat. It often causes itching and pain, which greatly disturbs patients in their work and daily life and causing difficulties in social interaction. Its pathogenesis is not clear, but may be related to several aspects: genetic susceptibility, environmental, immunological and endocrine factors, trauma and tension. The central point of its pathogenesis is the excessive proliferation of fibroblasts, with excessive synthesis and secretion of extracellular matrix such as collagen. However, the cause of fibroblast excessive proliferation and differentiation is not clear. Immune abnormalities may play an important role, with cytokines, chemokines, growth factors, and other important immune molecules acting on fibroblasts. This paper presents a detailed and comprehensive literature review on this subject.