Pub Date : 2016-09-21DOI: 10.0001/(AJ).V5I8.959.G1196
Qahil Ibraimi, Nexhmedin Kahrimani
Active cardiac glucosides are plant-origin cardiac glycosides consisting of digitalis lanata, Strophantus gratus seeds that contain Ouabain, Scilla marittima (Urginea maritima), Adonis vernalis, known variously as pheasant's eye and Convallaria majalis known as lily-of-the-valley. All active cardiac glucosides in therapeutic doses are ptent inhibitors of active transport of Na+ and K+, through the cell membrane. The increased accumulation of Na+ inside the cell increases the possibility of its exchange with Ca++ outside cell. Accumulation of Ca2 + inside the cell activates phosphorylases which through the phosphorylation supplies the necessary energy for the contraction of the heart muscle. Actions: positively inotropic agents, negative chronotropes, a negative dromotrope (atrio-ventricular conduction), negative batmotrop and positive tonotrop. Pharmacodynamics of drugs, biochemical and physiological effects of drugs in the body or in microorganisms or parasites within or in the body and the acting mechanism of the drug and the relationships between drug concentration as well as its effects. Pharmacokinetics regulates the intestinal absorption of drugs and regulates their action. Mechanism of action: glycosides from digitals grandiflora seeds exercise its inotrop action through inhibition of the pump of Na/ K ATP in the cell membrane. Drugs used for the treatment and prevention of cardiovascular diseases are drugs with anti-Hyperlipoproteinemia action. Keywords: cardiac Glycosides, pharmacodinamics, Effects of cardiovascular disease on pharmacokinetics, cardiac insufficiency.
活性心脏糖苷是一种植物源性心脏糖苷，由洋地黄、含有瓦巴因的Strophantus gratus种子、silla maritima(海棠)、Adonis vernalis(被称为野鸡的眼睛)和Convallaria majalis(被称为铃兰)组成。所有治疗剂量的活性心脏糖苷都是Na+和K+通过细胞膜主动运输的有效抑制剂。细胞内Na+积累的增加增加了其与细胞外Ca++交换的可能性。细胞内Ca2 +的积累激活磷酸化酶，通过磷酸化为心肌的收缩提供必要的能量。作用:正性肌力，负性肌力，负性肌力(房室传导)，负性肌力和正性肌力。药物的药效学，药物在体内或体内微生物或寄生虫的生化生理作用，药物的作用机制，药物浓度之间的关系及其作用。药代动力学调节药物的肠道吸收并调节其作用。作用机制:桔梗苷通过抑制细胞膜内Na/ K ATP的泵送发挥肌力作用。用于治疗和预防心血管疾病的药物是具有抗高脂蛋白血症作用的药物。关键词:心脏糖苷;药效学;心血管疾病对药代动力学的影响;
{"title":"The Action of Cardiac Glycosides in Cardiac Insufficiency","authors":"Qahil Ibraimi, Nexhmedin Kahrimani","doi":"10.0001/(AJ).V5I8.959.G1196","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.0001/(AJ).V5I8.959.G1196","url":null,"abstract":"Active cardiac glucosides are plant-origin cardiac glycosides consisting of digitalis lanata, Strophantus gratus seeds that contain Ouabain, Scilla marittima (Urginea maritima), Adonis vernalis, known variously as pheasant's eye and Convallaria majalis known as lily-of-the-valley. All active cardiac glucosides in therapeutic doses are ptent inhibitors of active transport of Na+ and K+, through the cell membrane. The increased accumulation of Na+ inside the cell increases the possibility of its exchange with Ca++ outside cell. Accumulation of Ca2 + inside the cell activates phosphorylases which through the phosphorylation supplies the necessary energy for the contraction of the heart muscle. Actions: positively inotropic agents, negative chronotropes, a negative dromotrope (atrio-ventricular conduction), negative batmotrop and positive tonotrop. Pharmacodynamics of drugs, biochemical and physiological effects of drugs in the body or in microorganisms or parasites within or in the body and the acting mechanism of the drug and the relationships between drug concentration as well as its effects. Pharmacokinetics regulates the intestinal absorption of drugs and regulates their action. Mechanism of action: glycosides from digitals grandiflora seeds exercise its inotrop action through inhibition of the pump of Na/ K ATP in the cell membrane. Drugs used for the treatment and prevention of cardiovascular diseases are drugs with anti-Hyperlipoproteinemia action. Keywords: cardiac Glycosides, pharmacodinamics, Effects of cardiovascular disease on pharmacokinetics, cardiac insufficiency.","PeriodicalId":7790,"journal":{"name":"Anglisticum Journal","volume":"136 1","pages":"51-55"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-09-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72719098","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-09-20DOI: 10.0001/(aj).v5i8.958.g1195
Përparim Fakaj
Synonymy, as a linguistic phenomena, was born as a result of practical human activity in the recognition process of the world around him. Synonyms are words that have the same or close lexical meaning or close and changes the nuances of meaning in color of expression, and that they belong to this or that stylistic language layer. All languages have their own synonymous. The literary developed languages are particularly rich in synonyms. As developed to be a literary language, more prosperous, more complex and richer is with synonymous. Albanian language is one of these languages. In our work we got in analysis some dictionaries of Albanian languages, where we stopped in analyses of the synonymic lines to wrote on them. The synonymical lines are formed in a dictionary (or if you count the series of synonyms), when synonyms are put one after the other to the extent of use or of compliance rate language standard, etc., but here we have no any sematic connection (line), because there has no relation provenance or ancestry (derivation), but we have equality (equivalence) to functional sematic connection and grammar syntagmatical, too. The synonymous Dictionary of 2004 is not only a national treasure, which has registered about 29,000 synonymous lines, but it also serves as a tremendous resource to handle the various phenomena and problems especially in lexical and semantic plane. From the study of the regional and dialectical dictionaries we see that their lexical vocabulary has many words, which come into synonymous relations and expands the pair of synonymous lines of the Albanian language, thus improving its synonymous structure. Keywords: synonymous lines, synonym, national treasure, linguistic phenomena, lexical plane.
{"title":"Synonymous Lines in Albanian Dictionaries","authors":"Përparim Fakaj","doi":"10.0001/(aj).v5i8.958.g1195","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.0001/(aj).v5i8.958.g1195","url":null,"abstract":"Synonymy, as a linguistic phenomena, was born as a result of practical human activity in the recognition process of the world around him. Synonyms are words that have the same or close lexical meaning or close and changes the nuances of meaning in color of expression, and that they belong to this or that stylistic language layer. All languages have their own synonymous. The literary developed languages are particularly rich in synonyms. As developed to be a literary language, more prosperous, more complex and richer is with synonymous. Albanian language is one of these languages. In our work we got in analysis some dictionaries of Albanian languages, where we stopped in analyses of the synonymic lines to wrote on them. The synonymical lines are formed in a dictionary (or if you count the series of synonyms), when synonyms are put one after the other to the extent of use or of compliance rate language standard, etc., but here we have no any sematic connection (line), because there has no relation provenance or ancestry (derivation), but we have equality (equivalence) to functional sematic connection and grammar syntagmatical, too. The synonymous Dictionary of 2004 is not only a national treasure, which has registered about 29,000 synonymous lines, but it also serves as a tremendous resource to handle the various phenomena and problems especially in lexical and semantic plane. From the study of the regional and dialectical dictionaries we see that their lexical vocabulary has many words, which come into synonymous relations and expands the pair of synonymous lines of the Albanian language, thus improving its synonymous structure. Keywords: synonymous lines, synonym, national treasure, linguistic phenomena, lexical plane.","PeriodicalId":7790,"journal":{"name":"Anglisticum Journal","volume":"63 1","pages":"37-44"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-09-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84829780","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-09-19DOI: 10.0001/(aj).v5i8.957.g1191
Përparim Fakaj
The subject of the article is our tendency towards synthesis, which appears today in Albanian, in the field of word formation and more specifically the process of composition, which has led to form terms compound words two - limbs or the so-called unity lexicon-grammar, which marks the transition of sustainable phrase lexical unit. This very early process has become quite active today. In our analysis of this process the action we treat difficulty aliases, and some words that are formed from a composition or an attachment of the several phraseological groups. Terminological phrases that are reflected in the explanatory dictionaries otherwise called non simple names or non simple terms. In the explanatory Albanian dictionaries the reflection of non simple labels are not proportionate and in the same direction because as numerical level, as well as their semantic content, we milling around, some corrugation, conditioned by various outlinguistic factors. Adding more of these large formations composed terminological potential is realized by the Albanian word properties, which has a great ability to develop as semantically, but also by combining its alloys.This means that, as well as in the general language, where the semantic development base constitutes the word, even in the base of each formation terminology constitutes term monosyllabic. Therefore, it is paramount in all respects before the phrase terminology. Many compound names forms from dy simple words, took place in the Albanian orthographic standard. Keywords: difficult names, trend, synthesis, development, semantic norm.
{"title":"Albanian Synthesized Trend in Word Formation","authors":"Përparim Fakaj","doi":"10.0001/(aj).v5i8.957.g1191","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.0001/(aj).v5i8.957.g1191","url":null,"abstract":"The subject of the article is our tendency towards synthesis, which appears today in Albanian, in the field of word formation and more specifically the process of composition, which has led to form terms compound words two - limbs or the so-called unity lexicon-grammar, which marks the transition of sustainable phrase lexical unit. This very early process has become quite active today. In our analysis of this process the action we treat difficulty aliases, and some words that are formed from a composition or an attachment of the several phraseological groups. Terminological phrases that are reflected in the explanatory dictionaries otherwise called non simple names or non simple terms. In the explanatory Albanian dictionaries the reflection of non simple labels are not proportionate and in the same direction because as numerical level, as well as their semantic content, we milling around, some corrugation, conditioned by various outlinguistic factors. Adding more of these large formations composed terminological potential is realized by the Albanian word properties, which has a great ability to develop as semantically, but also by combining its alloys.This means that, as well as in the general language, where the semantic development base constitutes the word, even in the base of each formation terminology constitutes term monosyllabic. Therefore, it is paramount in all respects before the phrase terminology. Many compound names forms from dy simple words, took place in the Albanian orthographic standard. Keywords: difficult names, trend, synthesis, development, semantic norm.","PeriodicalId":7790,"journal":{"name":"Anglisticum Journal","volume":"14 1","pages":"45-50"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83105356","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Blood samples were taken from 124 unvaccinated, clinically healthy dogs of different ages (from 6 to 156 months). Serum samples were tested by using hemagglutination inhibition (HI) test and the tests were performed at the Institute of Food Safety and Veterinary (ISUV), Tirana, Albania. Titers of HI antibodies to CPV-2 varied from 0 to 1:2048. Out of 124 dogs tested, 96 (77.42%) had HI titers of 1:16 or greater (a criteria that established the positivity) and 28 of them had HI titers less than 1:16 that meant a negative result. The seroprevalence in communities of Kamenica, Rahovec, Peja, Prishtina and Prizren was 78.0%, 76.5%, 64.2%, 75.0% and 100%, respectively. It showed a high prevalence of CPV-2 antibodies in each community involved in the study as well as that at the nation level 96 (77.42%). Such a finding indicates that the prevalence of anti-CPV-2 antibodies is high, and as a consequence, the CPV-2 itself is widespread all over the country. Dogs that were studied were divided into five different groups of ages; 1) 6-12 months old, 30 of the total of which 19 (63.34%) were positive and 11 (36.7%) were negative; 2) > 12-24 months old, 34 of the total, from whom 26(76.47%) were positive and 8 (23.53%) were negative; 3) >24-48 months old, 44 of the total, from whom 36 (81.8%) were positive and 8 (18.2%) were negative; 4) >48-96 months old, 13 of them in total of which 12 (92.3%) were positive and 1 (7.7%) was negative and finally 5) >96 months old, 3 of the total, 3 (100%) were positive.The older the age group, the higher rate of dogs having HI antibody titers was the result. Keywords: dogs, syndrome, dog breeds, Illyrian shepherd, English setters, German shepherd, Belgian shepherd and Pekingese, HI titers, CPV-2, age-groups, etc.
{"title":"Distribution of Antibody Titers to CPV-2 Among Dogs of Various Age-Groups and Locations in Kosovo","authors":"A. Sinani, I. Kusi","doi":"10.0001/(AJ).V5I8.955","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.0001/(AJ).V5I8.955","url":null,"abstract":"Blood samples were taken from 124 unvaccinated, clinically healthy dogs of different ages (from 6 to 156 months). Serum samples were tested by using hemagglutination inhibition (HI) test and the tests were performed at the Institute of Food Safety and Veterinary (ISUV), Tirana, Albania. Titers of HI antibodies to CPV-2 varied from 0 to 1:2048. Out of 124 dogs tested, 96 (77.42%) had HI titers of 1:16 or greater (a criteria that established the positivity) and 28 of them had HI titers less than 1:16 that meant a negative result. The seroprevalence in communities of Kamenica, Rahovec, Peja, Prishtina and Prizren was 78.0%, 76.5%, 64.2%, 75.0% and 100%, respectively. It showed a high prevalence of CPV-2 antibodies in each community involved in the study as well as that at the nation level 96 (77.42%). Such a finding indicates that the prevalence of anti-CPV-2 antibodies is high, and as a consequence, the CPV-2 itself is widespread all over the country. Dogs that were studied were divided into five different groups of ages; 1) 6-12 months old, 30 of the total of which 19 (63.34%) were positive and 11 (36.7%) were negative; 2) > 12-24 months old, 34 of the total, from whom 26(76.47%) were positive and 8 (23.53%) were negative; 3) >24-48 months old, 44 of the total, from whom 36 (81.8%) were positive and 8 (18.2%) were negative; 4) >48-96 months old, 13 of them in total of which 12 (92.3%) were positive and 1 (7.7%) was negative and finally 5) >96 months old, 3 of the total, 3 (100%) were positive.The older the age group, the higher rate of dogs having HI antibody titers was the result. Keywords: dogs, syndrome, dog breeds, Illyrian shepherd, English setters, German shepherd, Belgian shepherd and Pekingese, HI titers, CPV-2, age-groups, etc.","PeriodicalId":7790,"journal":{"name":"Anglisticum Journal","volume":"74 1","pages":"33-36"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81055815","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-09-17DOI: 10.0001/(AJ).V5I8.942.G1186
Aslı Özlem Tarakçıoğlu, Ceren Işıklı
Given the fact that English literature syllabus has been currently missing from high school curriculums, and to help start off the process of syllabus designing, the present study has conducted an all-country survey with English teachers in order to identify the basic components of the syllabus such as aims, contents, approaches, activities, and assessment procedures. Using a quantitative research method this study employed a teacher questionnaire to identify the missing parts on the basis of teacher opinions. The findings demonstrated that the course of English literature will be more efficient if it adopts an approach that will target language development of students rather than the development of their literature knowledge. It is thus suggested that all components of the syllabus should be defined according to this main aim - language development of students. Keywords: English literature teaching, syllabus design, aims, contents, approaches, activities, assessment.
{"title":"Redefining the Basing Components of the Elective “English Literature” Course Syllabus at State Anatolian High Schools in Turkey: Study Based on Teachers’ Views","authors":"Aslı Özlem Tarakçıoğlu, Ceren Işıklı","doi":"10.0001/(AJ).V5I8.942.G1186","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.0001/(AJ).V5I8.942.G1186","url":null,"abstract":"Given the fact that English literature syllabus has been currently missing from high school curriculums, and to help start off the process of syllabus designing, the present study has conducted an all-country survey with English teachers in order to identify the basic components of the syllabus such as aims, contents, approaches, activities, and assessment procedures. Using a quantitative research method this study employed a teacher questionnaire to identify the missing parts on the basis of teacher opinions. The findings demonstrated that the course of English literature will be more efficient if it adopts an approach that will target language development of students rather than the development of their literature knowledge. It is thus suggested that all components of the syllabus should be defined according to this main aim - language development of students. Keywords: English literature teaching, syllabus design, aims, contents, approaches, activities, assessment.","PeriodicalId":7790,"journal":{"name":"Anglisticum Journal","volume":"6 1","pages":"8-23"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89704820","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This study is carried out from 2014 to 2015 in some rural areas in Kosovo. From the analytical control samples of 87 fresh butter sampled collected from rural areas of Ferizaj and Gjilan in Kosovo are isolated 8% Pseudomonas spp strains. Further differentiation of isolated strains confirmed Pseudomonas aeruginosa in 4, 2% of collected samples. The identification of isolates was succeeded using planting techniques and peptone broth as well as selective media Pseudomonas CFC agar. All isolated strains produced protease and lipase by only 3 strains. Butter is stored in cold temperature at 4o C. In such environment Pseudomonas aeruginosa cells are under inhibitory effects of low temperatures but they can survive. Inhibitory effects in milk cultures (cream and yogurt) have been observed in some cases of contamination of milk products with Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Keywords: Pseudomonas aeruginosa, butter, fresh, Kosovo.
{"title":"Occurrence of Pseudomonas Aeruginosa in Homemade Fresh Butter in Some Rural Areas in Kosovo","authors":"E. Bajrami, K. Sulaj","doi":"10.0001/(AJ).V5I8.1032","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.0001/(AJ).V5I8.1032","url":null,"abstract":"This study is carried out from 2014 to 2015 in some rural areas in Kosovo. From the analytical control samples of 87 fresh butter sampled collected from rural areas of Ferizaj and Gjilan in Kosovo are isolated 8% Pseudomonas spp strains. Further differentiation of isolated strains confirmed Pseudomonas aeruginosa in 4, 2% of collected samples. The identification of isolates was succeeded using planting techniques and peptone broth as well as selective media Pseudomonas CFC agar. All isolated strains produced protease and lipase by only 3 strains. Butter is stored in cold temperature at 4o C. In such environment Pseudomonas aeruginosa cells are under inhibitory effects of low temperatures but they can survive. Inhibitory effects in milk cultures (cream and yogurt) have been observed in some cases of contamination of milk products with Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Keywords: Pseudomonas aeruginosa, butter, fresh, Kosovo.","PeriodicalId":7790,"journal":{"name":"Anglisticum Journal","volume":"14 1","pages":"29-32"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78765190","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-09-17DOI: 10.0001/(AJ).V5I8.953.G1187
Kadri Krasniqi
The main aim of this research is to introduce the future interpreters with their role and work activities, suggestions, responsibilities, skills and to familiarize the existing interpreters with what is expected from them within or during an interpreting setting. This research also aims to show or identify different ways and types of interpreting and above all to emphasize the need for mastering the three most essential skills such as; language skills, interpretation skills and interpretation protocol skills and interpretation management skills as well. Keywords: interpreter, role, facilitate, setting, suggestion, skill.
{"title":"The Role of an Interpreter","authors":"Kadri Krasniqi","doi":"10.0001/(AJ).V5I8.953.G1187","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.0001/(AJ).V5I8.953.G1187","url":null,"abstract":"The main aim of this research is to introduce the future interpreters with their role and work activities, suggestions, responsibilities, skills and to familiarize the existing interpreters with what is expected from them within or during an interpreting setting. This research also aims to show or identify different ways and types of interpreting and above all to emphasize the need for mastering the three most essential skills such as; language skills, interpretation skills and interpretation protocol skills and interpretation management skills as well. Keywords: interpreter, role, facilitate, setting, suggestion, skill.","PeriodicalId":7790,"journal":{"name":"Anglisticum Journal","volume":"422 1","pages":"24-28"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79397550","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-08-22DOI: 10.0001/(AJ).V5I7.945.G1179
A. Yuldashev
The article discusses a metaphor and a metonymy, functioning as cognitive tools for expression of an imagery element not as the main stylistic devices. The main purpose and the novelty of the present article are in undertaking the detail analysis of a Metaphtonymy with the idiomatic compound words in the English and Uzbek languages. Moreover, as a Metaphtonymy is a new notion appeared as a result of the mutual harmony of a conceptual metaphor and a conceptual metonymy in contemporary linguistics, the definitions of a conceptual metaphor, a conceptual metonymy and a Metaphtonymy are briefly discussed. The use of a Metaphtonymy in a language is analyzed with the examples of idiomatic compound words in the English and Uzbek languages. Keywords: metaphtonymy, conceptual metaphor, conceptual metonymy, cognitive domain, idiomatic compound word, linguistic world view.
{"title":"Metaphtonymy as the Main Cognitive Mechanism in the Formation of Idiomatic Compound Words","authors":"A. Yuldashev","doi":"10.0001/(AJ).V5I7.945.G1179","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.0001/(AJ).V5I7.945.G1179","url":null,"abstract":"The article discusses a metaphor and a metonymy, functioning as cognitive tools for expression of an imagery element not as the main stylistic devices. The main purpose and the novelty of the present article are in undertaking the detail analysis of a Metaphtonymy with the idiomatic compound words in the English and Uzbek languages. Moreover, as a Metaphtonymy is a new notion appeared as a result of the mutual harmony of a conceptual metaphor and a conceptual metonymy in contemporary linguistics, the definitions of a conceptual metaphor, a conceptual metonymy and a Metaphtonymy are briefly discussed. The use of a Metaphtonymy in a language is analyzed with the examples of idiomatic compound words in the English and Uzbek languages. Keywords: metaphtonymy, conceptual metaphor, conceptual metonymy, cognitive domain, idiomatic compound word, linguistic world view.","PeriodicalId":7790,"journal":{"name":"Anglisticum Journal","volume":"91 1","pages":"30-35"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-08-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73402211","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-08-22DOI: 10.0001/(aj).v5i7.1061.g1292
D. Lutfullaeva, M. Kurbanova
This article discusses the problems of verbal associations in linguistics, associative relation of lexical units in Uzbek, formation of lexical associations by means of linguistic and extralinguistic factors. Keywords: Verbal association, lexical association, associative relation, semantic relation of lexemes, national-cultural coloring(marker) of lexemes, sociability marker of lexemes, gender marker of lexemes.
{"title":"Associative Approach to a Language and the Problem of Associative Relation of Words in Uzbek","authors":"D. Lutfullaeva, M. Kurbanova","doi":"10.0001/(aj).v5i7.1061.g1292","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.0001/(aj).v5i7.1061.g1292","url":null,"abstract":"This article discusses the problems of verbal associations in linguistics, associative relation of lexical units in Uzbek, formation of lexical associations by means of linguistic and extralinguistic factors. Keywords: Verbal association, lexical association, associative relation, semantic relation of lexemes, national-cultural coloring(marker) of lexemes, sociability marker of lexemes, gender marker of lexemes.","PeriodicalId":7790,"journal":{"name":"Anglisticum Journal","volume":"31 1","pages":"61-66"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-08-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89051600","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-08-22DOI: 10.0001/(AJ).V5I7.944.G1178
Jumanazarova Guljahon
The present article embraces discussions and analysis on role, lexical-semantic feature and connotative concepts of phraseological units, i.e., phrases in the language of dostons (runes) be rhymed by Fozil Yuldosh ugli. Keywords: phraseological units, phrases, connotative analysis, syntactic model, logico-semantic model, structural-semantic model, derivational model, nominative model.
{"title":"Structural-Semantic and Connotative Analysis of Phrases","authors":"Jumanazarova Guljahon","doi":"10.0001/(AJ).V5I7.944.G1178","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.0001/(AJ).V5I7.944.G1178","url":null,"abstract":"The present article embraces discussions and analysis on role, lexical-semantic feature and connotative concepts of phraseological units, i.e., phrases in the language of dostons (runes) be rhymed by Fozil Yuldosh ugli. Keywords: phraseological units, phrases, connotative analysis, syntactic model, logico-semantic model, structural-semantic model, derivational model, nominative model.","PeriodicalId":7790,"journal":{"name":"Anglisticum Journal","volume":"4 1","pages":"21-29"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-08-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78343717","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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