The article brings data on historical continuity of Albanian music, even in terms of its execution, orchestral formations, which although undergo significant structural changes, it retain and implicit a primary ottoman structure. This appeared in the way of singing, original repertoire, until the instruments of hereditary and traditional archaic formations. They were in the new formations that came from the East, offered by the Ottoman Empire due to the movement of the orchestra and musicians, whether traveler, whether resident beside the official institutions. Particular attention is brought to the last musical situation in the nineteenth century regarding the establishment and operation of formations of music band (fanfare) in the city of Shkodra. Thanks to their repertoire these bands contributed to the promotion of patriotic and folk songs. However the amateur level, they turned towards performance incentives for the more advanced forms of cultivated Albanian music, having an important role in enhancing the cultural and artistic tastes in entertainment and society civilization. Keywords: Music, orchestra, oriental art, band.
{"title":"Early Music in Albania - The First Musical Bands","authors":"Sokol Saraçi","doi":"10.0001/(AJ).V5I4.811","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.0001/(AJ).V5I4.811","url":null,"abstract":"The article brings data on historical continuity of Albanian music, even in terms of its execution, orchestral formations, which although undergo significant structural changes, it retain and implicit a primary ottoman structure. This appeared in the way of singing, original repertoire, until the instruments of hereditary and traditional archaic formations. They were in the new formations that came from the East, offered by the Ottoman Empire due to the movement of the orchestra and musicians, whether traveler, whether resident beside the official institutions. Particular attention is brought to the last musical situation in the nineteenth century regarding the establishment and operation of formations of music band (fanfare) in the city of Shkodra. Thanks to their repertoire these bands contributed to the promotion of patriotic and folk songs. However the amateur level, they turned towards performance incentives for the more advanced forms of cultivated Albanian music, having an important role in enhancing the cultural and artistic tastes in entertainment and society civilization. Keywords: Music, orchestra, oriental art, band.","PeriodicalId":7790,"journal":{"name":"Anglisticum Journal","volume":"33 1","pages":"46-51"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80513160","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-04-30DOI: 10.0001/(aj).v5i4.1099.g1331
Algen Isufi, Irina Isufi, R. Isufi, F. Azizi, R. Isufi, Aurora Isufi
Our objectives are to evaluate the report that the OAF have with other fistulas of the OMF region and also to give the most frequent method of their treatment in our OMF Surgery Service. Material and methods: N=25 patients, treated from 2011-2015 in our OMF Surgery Service, ”Mother Teresa” University Hospital Centre were included in this study. Diagnose and treatment plan was done after careful examination with digital panoramic X-Ray or CT scan was asked depending on the case. Results: Oroantral fistula makes up 60% of the cases with OMF fistulas. Men were more effected than women from OMF and OAF fistulas. The main cause of the OAF was the first maxillary molar extraction, followed by the second maxillary molar extraction. Keywords: OMF region fistulas, Oroantral fistula.
{"title":"Oroantral Fistulas in Comparison with other Fistulas of the OMF Region in Tirana, OMF Surgery Service","authors":"Algen Isufi, Irina Isufi, R. Isufi, F. Azizi, R. Isufi, Aurora Isufi","doi":"10.0001/(aj).v5i4.1099.g1331","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.0001/(aj).v5i4.1099.g1331","url":null,"abstract":"Our objectives are to evaluate the report that the OAF have with other fistulas of the OMF region and also to give the most frequent method of their treatment in our OMF Surgery Service. Material and methods: N=25 patients, treated from 2011-2015 in our OMF Surgery Service, ”Mother Teresa” University Hospital Centre were included in this study. Diagnose and treatment plan was done after careful examination with digital panoramic X-Ray or CT scan was asked depending on the case. Results: Oroantral fistula makes up 60% of the cases with OMF fistulas. Men were more effected than women from OMF and OAF fistulas. The main cause of the OAF was the first maxillary molar extraction, followed by the second maxillary molar extraction. Keywords: OMF region fistulas, Oroantral fistula.","PeriodicalId":7790,"journal":{"name":"Anglisticum Journal","volume":"64 1","pages":"66-72"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80571708","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The irrealism in socialist realism literature might be occasionally indefinable, so that it may result complex to interpret of why and what this method has to express and which alternative of the reality it has had to reflect: the reality as it was, or as it ought to have been – which is in fact the disagreement between Socialist Realism vs Irrealism. One of the mainly usual arguments directed to Socialist Realism is the challenge for the truth, the fight to defend this personal true-reality form any other alternative of the truth(s) created by art. In this article, I bring arguments on the exceptional sort of realism which was realized on Socialist Realism method, and which proved to be a real adventure, because through a certain technique, a specific language and poetic-politic aura, it aimed no more to reflect, but to transform the reality. An appropriate of reality with a substitute realism, brought in literature a false, an utopist, a surreal reality, which is not other, but an irrealism, instead of a plural and polyphonic realism. Keywords: irrealism, alternative of realism, transformation of the reality, plural and polyphonic realism, reality as it ought to have been.
{"title":"The Socialist Realism Literature as an Adventure between Realism and Irrealism","authors":"A. Leka","doi":"10.0001/(aj).v5i4.807","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.0001/(aj).v5i4.807","url":null,"abstract":"The irrealism in socialist realism literature might be occasionally indefinable, so that it may result complex to interpret of why and what this method has to express and which alternative of the reality it has had to reflect: the reality as it was, or as it ought to have been – which is in fact the disagreement between Socialist Realism vs Irrealism. One of the mainly usual arguments directed to Socialist Realism is the challenge for the truth, the fight to defend this personal true-reality form any other alternative of the truth(s) created by art. In this article, I bring arguments on the exceptional sort of realism which was realized on Socialist Realism method, and which proved to be a real adventure, because through a certain technique, a specific language and poetic-politic aura, it aimed no more to reflect, but to transform the reality. An appropriate of reality with a substitute realism, brought in literature a false, an utopist, a surreal reality, which is not other, but an irrealism, instead of a plural and polyphonic realism. Keywords: irrealism, alternative of realism, transformation of the reality, plural and polyphonic realism, reality as it ought to have been.","PeriodicalId":7790,"journal":{"name":"Anglisticum Journal","volume":"22 1","pages":"8-16"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87395289","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Aim of study. To determine the incidence of Ventilator Associated Pneumonia (VAP) in the patients undergoing mechanical ventilation and to determine the predisposing factors of VAP after tracheotomy. Materials and methods. A retrospective study in 135 patients undergoing mechanical ventilation. During the study period (2010-2011). The study is conducted in the surgical and medical intensive care unit. At the time of entry, age, smoking history, history of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), indication for mechanical ventilator, the Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation (APACHEII) score (11) were recorded daily. Results. The Patients that are included in our study were 135 patients, 95 men, and 40 women with a mean age of 64.0 ± 14.6 years. Mainly diagnosis that patients were admitted in intensive care unit ( ICU); COPD in (n=32), neurological disorders (n=31) of COPD (n=46). Diagnosed by VAP were 32 patients (25%) of the 135 patients. A logistic regression model used to evaluate the effect of several factors on outcome. The presence of hyperthermia > 38 and duration with sedation [odd ratio (OR) 6.69; 4.25, 95% CI (Confidence Interval), P< 0.001; P< 0.005]. Conclusion: We conclude that it is very important giving the appropriate prophylactic antibiotic therapy specially for patients after tracheotomy, decreasing in this way the possibility of VAP. That‘s why we have to know who are the most frequently identified responsible pathogens in the unit; have to be informed of pulmonary secretions, the effects and characteristic of antibiotics for treating of VAP. [3,4,5]. Tracheotomy is predisposing factor for VAP. Using bronchoscopy before doing tracheotomy decrease incidence of VAP. Is important doing the microbiological analysis for determine the diagnose of infections. The accuracy of initial antibiotic has a great impact on survival. Keywords: mechanical ventilation, ventilator acquired pneumonia, tracheotomy.
{"title":"Hospital Acquired and Ventilator Associated Pneumonia","authors":"A. Cani, F. Gradica, L. Agolli, F. Kokici","doi":"10.0001/(AJ).V5I4.815","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.0001/(AJ).V5I4.815","url":null,"abstract":"Aim of study. To determine the incidence of Ventilator Associated Pneumonia (VAP) in the patients undergoing mechanical ventilation and to determine the predisposing factors of VAP after tracheotomy. Materials and methods. A retrospective study in 135 patients undergoing mechanical ventilation. During the study period (2010-2011). The study is conducted in the surgical and medical intensive care unit. At the time of entry, age, smoking history, history of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), indication for mechanical ventilator, the Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation (APACHEII) score (11) were recorded daily. Results. The Patients that are included in our study were 135 patients, 95 men, and 40 women with a mean age of 64.0 ± 14.6 years. Mainly diagnosis that patients were admitted in intensive care unit ( ICU); COPD in (n=32), neurological disorders (n=31) of COPD (n=46). Diagnosed by VAP were 32 patients (25%) of the 135 patients. A logistic regression model used to evaluate the effect of several factors on outcome. The presence of hyperthermia > 38 and duration with sedation [odd ratio (OR) 6.69; 4.25, 95% CI (Confidence Interval), P< 0.001; P< 0.005]. Conclusion: We conclude that it is very important giving the appropriate prophylactic antibiotic therapy specially for patients after tracheotomy, decreasing in this way the possibility of VAP. That‘s why we have to know who are the most frequently identified responsible pathogens in the unit; have to be informed of pulmonary secretions, the effects and characteristic of antibiotics for treating of VAP. [3,4,5]. Tracheotomy is predisposing factor for VAP. Using bronchoscopy before doing tracheotomy decrease incidence of VAP. Is important doing the microbiological analysis for determine the diagnose of infections. The accuracy of initial antibiotic has a great impact on survival. Keywords: mechanical ventilation, ventilator acquired pneumonia, tracheotomy.","PeriodicalId":7790,"journal":{"name":"Anglisticum Journal","volume":"78 1","pages":"73-76"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81290535","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The language economy principle and its appearance in communication, constantly had been present in Albanian and had been the focus of some previous works, where especially we aimed to show the economy principle in lexicon, above all its appearance in the category of abbrevitations, acronyms and shortenings, as a typical expression of the economy principle. But, as a principle, that affects and influences language, the principle of linguistic economy actually is present at all levels or language fields, somewhere more and somewhere less. The purpose of this paper is to see how this principle has affected the syntax. The economy principle is not a new phenomenon in this filed, if we consider elliptical sentences, that are a typical example of the economy principle in syntax. Based on the theory of Andre Martinet, the language economy principle aims at least effort, for a particular purpose. On the other hand, this principle should not prejudice the communication itself. From the syntactic view, a formal communication would be ideal, at least with two primary elements: subject and predicate. As we know, in the Albanian language we can find different clauses without subject or without predicate. We can find in Albanian language such incomplete sentences which can be considered a manifestation of principle of linguistic economy and as we shall see throughout this paper, this principle is often crucial for the creation of this incomplete units. The means of syntax in some cases suffer of shrinkage that is directly related to pure economy principle as a dominant factor, on their creation. But, the economy principle is not the only reason on the existence of the elliptical clause, but in some cases it is primary. At the end of this paper, we will aim to see the impact that this principle has in the syntax system and to the language itself. Keywords: language economy principle, syntax, elliptical clause.
{"title":"The Language Economy Principle in Albanian Syntax","authors":"M. Bregasi","doi":"10.0001/(aj).v5i4.1094","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.0001/(aj).v5i4.1094","url":null,"abstract":"The language economy principle and its appearance in communication, constantly had been present in Albanian and had been the focus of some previous works, where especially we aimed to show the economy principle in lexicon, above all its appearance in the category of abbrevitations, acronyms and shortenings, as a typical expression of the economy principle. But, as a principle, that affects and influences language, the principle of linguistic economy actually is present at all levels or language fields, somewhere more and somewhere less. The purpose of this paper is to see how this principle has affected the syntax. The economy principle is not a new phenomenon in this filed, if we consider elliptical sentences, that are a typical example of the economy principle in syntax. Based on the theory of Andre Martinet, the language economy principle aims at least effort, for a particular purpose. On the other hand, this principle should not prejudice the communication itself. From the syntactic view, a formal communication would be ideal, at least with two primary elements: subject and predicate. As we know, in the Albanian language we can find different clauses without subject or without predicate. We can find in Albanian language such incomplete sentences which can be considered a manifestation of principle of linguistic economy and as we shall see throughout this paper, this principle is often crucial for the creation of this incomplete units. The means of syntax in some cases suffer of shrinkage that is directly related to pure economy principle as a dominant factor, on their creation. But, the economy principle is not the only reason on the existence of the elliptical clause, but in some cases it is primary. At the end of this paper, we will aim to see the impact that this principle has in the syntax system and to the language itself. Keywords: language economy principle, syntax, elliptical clause.","PeriodicalId":7790,"journal":{"name":"Anglisticum Journal","volume":"59 1","pages":"31-37"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87454150","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Do we still treat the sea as a break, as a barrier or an opportunity relating to the culture of tradition and the modern present culture? In the present article, I argue the significance of the sea’s existence, try to show on which kind of texts we rely on to construct the concept of continuity of the maritime culture in Albanian no written oral tradition literature and on the literary artistic work of literature with an author. Although we inherit a rich ethnological culture, associated with the visual perception and opposition between the sea, the seascape and inner landscape or mountains, the presence of the theme and sea itself in Albanian written culture has left behind a certain set of cultural myths, among them, lack of marine memory in Albanians culture. What further scientific myths were and are still persistent enough to survive on this topic? Through this article I am not inquiring to seek out a path to replace the early myths of the past with new myths or to re-mythologize a latest relationship of modern Albanian literature to the sea. Speaking about continuity I try to show that this relationship continues as historical memory of the community, as well as it survived in the ethnos culture and enriches with the literary works of the modern authors of today. Keywords: maritime culture, memory of the community, concept of continuity, opposition sea-mountain, new myths / re-mythologize.
{"title":"Some Theses on the Presence of the Sea and Maritime Culture in the Historical and Collective Memory in Albanian Popular Culture and Authorial Writing","authors":"Silvana Leka","doi":"10.0001/(aj).v5i4.808","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.0001/(aj).v5i4.808","url":null,"abstract":"Do we still treat the sea as a break, as a barrier or an opportunity relating to the culture of tradition and the modern present culture? In the present article, I argue the significance of the sea’s existence, try to show on which kind of texts we rely on to construct the concept of continuity of the maritime culture in Albanian no written oral tradition literature and on the literary artistic work of literature with an author. Although we inherit a rich ethnological culture, associated with the visual perception and opposition between the sea, the seascape and inner landscape or mountains, the presence of the theme and sea itself in Albanian written culture has left behind a certain set of cultural myths, among them, lack of marine memory in Albanians culture. What further scientific myths were and are still persistent enough to survive on this topic? Through this article I am not inquiring to seek out a path to replace the early myths of the past with new myths or to re-mythologize a latest relationship of modern Albanian literature to the sea. Speaking about continuity I try to show that this relationship continues as historical memory of the community, as well as it survived in the ethnos culture and enriches with the literary works of the modern authors of today. Keywords: maritime culture, memory of the community, concept of continuity, opposition sea-mountain, new myths / re-mythologize.","PeriodicalId":7790,"journal":{"name":"Anglisticum Journal","volume":"1 1","pages":"17-30"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82463261","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In this study we will discuss one of the most popular issue and with great interest in the Albanian material culture. At function, for the changes to this study are considered the developing background of the traditional clothing and morphological changes that it has undergone from one era to another. Firstly, our study concentrates in the historical durability of dressing in order to understand how much original is that which is presented in the analysis and secondly, its value in terms of figurative form and its aesthetic values. It is interesting to note that within the stylistic values of material culture are shown varicolored qualities of the visual language and its adapting forms. It is for this reason that the analysis on Albanian traditional dressing with its expressive appearance is based on the examples that historically is living longer and as such has deep costumographic content. Dressing with xhubleta is one of the most typical cases in the history of the Albanian wardrobe in territory of north Albania. Another wearing with such an open historic scope was the kilt, which originally stretched in all Albanian territory. In the 20th century, dressing with the kilt and xhubleta were replaced by the casual suit. Keywords: wardrobe, traditional, Albanian, kilt, xhubleta, etc.
{"title":"Color and Graphic Contrast in Traditional Albanian Wardrobe","authors":"Ervin Meniko","doi":"10.0001/(aj).v5i3.804","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.0001/(aj).v5i3.804","url":null,"abstract":"In this study we will discuss one of the most popular issue and with great interest in the Albanian material culture. At function, for the changes to this study are considered the developing background of the traditional clothing and morphological changes that it has undergone from one era to another. Firstly, our study concentrates in the historical durability of dressing in order to understand how much original is that which is presented in the analysis and secondly, its value in terms of figurative form and its aesthetic values. It is interesting to note that within the stylistic values of material culture are shown varicolored qualities of the visual language and its adapting forms. It is for this reason that the analysis on Albanian traditional dressing with its expressive appearance is based on the examples that historically is living longer and as such has deep costumographic content. Dressing with xhubleta is one of the most typical cases in the history of the Albanian wardrobe in territory of north Albania. Another wearing with such an open historic scope was the kilt, which originally stretched in all Albanian territory. In the 20th century, dressing with the kilt and xhubleta were replaced by the casual suit. Keywords: wardrobe, traditional, Albanian, kilt, xhubleta, etc.","PeriodicalId":7790,"journal":{"name":"Anglisticum Journal","volume":"32 1","pages":"60-63"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83173399","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-04-13DOI: 10.0001/(aj).v5i3.803.g998
Manjola Tershana
From the research done at the Central Archive of the State I have found about 49 letters of Thimi Mitko sent to the Arberesh writer and researcher Jeronim De Rada. Studying these letters there were brought into light some private aspects of Mitko’s and Derada’s lives. In addition, the correspondence reveals the relationship between the two personalities. It testifies on different phases of their lives and particularly on some thoughts about the political situation Albania was passing in 1880. We learn about the difficulties and the calvary onored figures of the Albanian letters passed to publish their works. Through this correspondence it was also learned something more for their relationship with Dora D'Istria and Dhimiter Kamarda or Abdyl Frasheri. In this scientific study it is used a research and file, analyzing, deducting and syncronizing method. Keywords: Arberesh, Fjamuri i Arberit journal, alphabet, language, Silogy.
从国家中央档案馆的研究中，我发现了大约49封蒂米·米特科写给阿伯雷什作家兼研究员杰罗尼姆·德·拉达的信。通过研究这些信件，我们可以看到米特科和德拉达生活中的一些私人方面。此外，这些书信还揭示了这两种人格之间的关系。它见证了他们生活的不同阶段，特别是对1880年阿尔巴尼亚政治局势的一些思考。我们了解到阿尔巴尼亚信件通过出版他们的作品所面临的困难和受难受难的人物。通过这种通信，也了解了他们与朵拉·德·伊斯特里亚和迪米特·卡玛尔达或阿卜迪·弗拉舍里的关系。在本科学研究中，采用了研究档案、分析、演绎和同步的方法。关键词:Arberesh, Fjamuri i Arberit期刊，字母表，语言，语言学。
{"title":"Correspondence between Jeronim De Rada and Thimi Mitko","authors":"Manjola Tershana","doi":"10.0001/(aj).v5i3.803.g998","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.0001/(aj).v5i3.803.g998","url":null,"abstract":"From the research done at the Central Archive of the State I have found about 49 letters of Thimi Mitko sent to the Arberesh writer and researcher Jeronim De Rada. Studying these letters there were brought into light some private aspects of Mitko’s and Derada’s lives. In addition, the correspondence reveals the relationship between the two personalities. It testifies on different phases of their lives and particularly on some thoughts about the political situation Albania was passing in 1880. We learn about the difficulties and the calvary onored figures of the Albanian letters passed to publish their works. Through this correspondence it was also learned something more for their relationship with Dora D'Istria and Dhimiter Kamarda or Abdyl Frasheri. In this scientific study it is used a research and file, analyzing, deducting and syncronizing method. Keywords: Arberesh, Fjamuri i Arberit journal, alphabet, language, Silogy.","PeriodicalId":7790,"journal":{"name":"Anglisticum Journal","volume":"1 1","pages":"78-83"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-04-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89656359","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In the closure of the novel “ Pallati i endrrave” by Ismail Kadare, where the Qyprilli (Copryly) Clan already appears in its downfall, in the court of Albanian dynasts who saved the empire, Albanian rhapsodists who have just started to deify with their epos the glory of the rebel Kurt are presented. This fact serves as a starting point in order to justify and answer some questions that deal with the relationship of the legendary Epic to the history as well as another manner of reading this novel exactly through the presence of rhapsody as a signifier of the deeds of that period. The novel has been read in general as a counter totalitarian work, and without any doubt this is one of its truth. Meanwhile, another reading would seem as an allusion to the Albanian clans in Kosovo and ex Yugoslavia, which being multiethnic as it was, had some similarities with the Ottoman Empire. The rhapsodist is presented in the novel only to show that there is another story beside that official one, and that the rebellion part will deserve the epos and not the Qyprillian part serving the Empire. Written in the year 1978, in the time when in Kosovo a clear distinction was drawn between pro Yugoslav side and the side that was dreaming of an ethnic state, in this novel, the presence of rhapsodists and rhapsody is not only an artistic device, but a key to another reading. Keywords: Ismail Kadare, novel, dossier, archive, dream, state, citizen, Albanian, throne, Pallati i Endrrave , Tabir Saraj, epos, rhapsodes, song, Qyprillinj, history, Sulltan, Ottoman dynasty, Albania, context, official, national, employee, bridge, etc.
{"title":"Epos and Rhapsodes in the Court of Qyprilli Dynasts","authors":"Kamber Kamberi, S. Sinani","doi":"10.0001/(AJ).V5I3.801","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.0001/(AJ).V5I3.801","url":null,"abstract":"In the closure of the novel “ Pallati i endrrave” by Ismail Kadare, where the Qyprilli (Copryly) Clan already appears in its downfall, in the court of Albanian dynasts who saved the empire, Albanian rhapsodists who have just started to deify with their epos the glory of the rebel Kurt are presented. This fact serves as a starting point in order to justify and answer some questions that deal with the relationship of the legendary Epic to the history as well as another manner of reading this novel exactly through the presence of rhapsody as a signifier of the deeds of that period. The novel has been read in general as a counter totalitarian work, and without any doubt this is one of its truth. Meanwhile, another reading would seem as an allusion to the Albanian clans in Kosovo and ex Yugoslavia, which being multiethnic as it was, had some similarities with the Ottoman Empire. The rhapsodist is presented in the novel only to show that there is another story beside that official one, and that the rebellion part will deserve the epos and not the Qyprillian part serving the Empire. Written in the year 1978, in the time when in Kosovo a clear distinction was drawn between pro Yugoslav side and the side that was dreaming of an ethnic state, in this novel, the presence of rhapsodists and rhapsody is not only an artistic device, but a key to another reading. Keywords: Ismail Kadare, novel, dossier, archive, dream, state, citizen, Albanian, throne, Pallati i Endrrave , Tabir Saraj, epos, rhapsodes, song, Qyprillinj, history, Sulltan, Ottoman dynasty, Albania, context, official, national, employee, bridge, etc.","PeriodicalId":7790,"journal":{"name":"Anglisticum Journal","volume":"13 1","pages":"64-70"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-04-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90393377","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
British policy towards Albanians, at this time, was inspired by the writings of Miss Edith Durham, Margaret Hasluck and other figures who had lived in Albania during the regime of Ahmet Zogu. These were fueled sympathy for albanians, concluded that albania’s political fate was determined more by North highlanders, who with their organization had more opportunities to act organized at war. Thus the key to organizing a resistance against Italy in Albania, by british policy, thought to be found in the north, planning activities driven here from Yugoslavia. This policy proved unsuccessful, because not valued the role of Kosovo and Albanian nationalism, as a crucial weight factor in promoting war against the italians and in establishing fair relations between Albania and Yugoslavia, to correct the injustices of the past. Trying to issue as worthless the mountainous terrain factor in the development of guerrilla warfare in Albania, linked this with “more backward political development of the albanians”, was unfounded, prejudicial and an unrealistic look. As a consequence of introducing the game of interests greek-yugoslav and prejudices of the most senior officials of the Foreign Office, efforts to promote fighting irregular as through agents M.I (R) as well as by S.I.S through section D, this service, proved unsuccessful. The failure of british attempts to act in Northern Albania was associated with the british mentality in the perception of Albania and the Albanian issue. By british author Reginald Hibbert noted that, “In the early years of the war was underestimated Albanian nationalism and its significance in relation to its neighbors.” Great Britain was not worried about the invasion of albanian lands from Greece after seeing Albania from a new angle of interest, in view of the connections with Greece. Key words: Albania, Great Britain, Resistence, “Albania question”, Revolt in northern Albania.
{"title":"British Plans to Organize a Revolt in Northern Albania in Years 1940-1941","authors":"Armand Sheqi","doi":"10.0001/(AJ).V5I3.800","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.0001/(AJ).V5I3.800","url":null,"abstract":"British policy towards Albanians, at this time, was inspired by the writings of Miss Edith Durham, Margaret Hasluck and other figures who had lived in Albania during the regime of Ahmet Zogu. These were fueled sympathy for albanians, concluded that albania’s political fate was determined more by North highlanders, who with their organization had more opportunities to act organized at war. Thus the key to organizing a resistance against Italy in Albania, by british policy, thought to be found in the north, planning activities driven here from Yugoslavia. This policy proved unsuccessful, because not valued the role of Kosovo and Albanian nationalism, as a crucial weight factor in promoting war against the italians and in establishing fair relations between Albania and Yugoslavia, to correct the injustices of the past. Trying to issue as worthless the mountainous terrain factor in the development of guerrilla warfare in Albania, linked this with “more backward political development of the albanians”, was unfounded, prejudicial and an unrealistic look. As a consequence of introducing the game of interests greek-yugoslav and prejudices of the most senior officials of the Foreign Office, efforts to promote fighting irregular as through agents M.I (R) as well as by S.I.S through section D, this service, proved unsuccessful. The failure of british attempts to act in Northern Albania was associated with the british mentality in the perception of Albania and the Albanian issue. By british author Reginald Hibbert noted that, “In the early years of the war was underestimated Albanian nationalism and its significance in relation to its neighbors.” Great Britain was not worried about the invasion of albanian lands from Greece after seeing Albania from a new angle of interest, in view of the connections with Greece. Key words: Albania, Great Britain, Resistence, “Albania question”, Revolt in northern Albania.","PeriodicalId":7790,"journal":{"name":"Anglisticum Journal","volume":"7 1","pages":"71-77"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90492609","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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