Pub Date : 2022-12-30DOI: 10.24200/amecj.v5.i04.202
P. Khazaeli, A. Ameri, M. Mehrabani, Morteza Barazvan, Marzieh Sajadi Bami, B. Behnam
Applying sunscreen is essential for protecting the skin from UV’s acute and chronic effects. Some of these products on the market display side effects and are expensive. There is a great demand for effective, cheap, safe, and herbal sunscreens with a wide range of sun protection activities. This study aimed to evaluate the photoprotection, cytotoxicity, and phototoxicity of aqueous extracts of Cuscuta campestris (CC-AE) and Rosa damascena (RD-AE). The maceration method prepared the CC-AE and RD-AE from the aerial branch. In-vitro photoprotection was evaluated by determining the sun protective factor (SPF) of CC-AE and RD-AE by a UV-visible spectrophotometer. The cytotoxicity and phototoxicity studies were assessed using the MTT assay on 3T3 cells. In the final, the PIF (Photo Inhibitor Factor) was calculated. The SPF values of CC-AE and RD-AE were found at 11.10±0.05 and 1.36±0.04, respectively, at the concentration of 0.2 mg mL-1. The half maximal effective concentration (EC50) of CC-AE and RD-AE was obtained at 35.05±0.91 µg mL-1 and 40.7±0.87 µg mL-1, respectively. The phototoxicity analysis showed that CC-AE and RD-AE had low PIF values and were considered probable phototoxic. Overall, regarding SPF and PIFs values, the anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties, can be evaluated for further pharmaceutical formulations.
{"title":"In-vitro evaluation of photoprotection, cytotoxicity and phototoxicity of aqueous extracts of Cuscuta campestris and Rosa damascene by MTT method and UV spectroscopy analysis","authors":"P. Khazaeli, A. Ameri, M. Mehrabani, Morteza Barazvan, Marzieh Sajadi Bami, B. Behnam","doi":"10.24200/amecj.v5.i04.202","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24200/amecj.v5.i04.202","url":null,"abstract":"Applying sunscreen is essential for protecting the skin from UV’s acute and chronic effects. Some of these products on the market display side effects and are expensive. There is a great demand for effective, cheap, safe, and herbal sunscreens with a wide range of sun protection activities. This study aimed to evaluate the photoprotection, cytotoxicity, and phototoxicity of aqueous extracts of Cuscuta campestris (CC-AE) and Rosa damascena (RD-AE). The maceration method prepared the CC-AE and RD-AE from the aerial branch. In-vitro photoprotection was evaluated by determining the sun protective factor (SPF) of CC-AE and RD-AE by a UV-visible spectrophotometer. The cytotoxicity and phototoxicity studies were assessed using the MTT assay on 3T3 cells. In the final, the PIF (Photo Inhibitor Factor) was calculated. The SPF values of CC-AE and RD-AE were found at 11.10±0.05 and 1.36±0.04, respectively, at the concentration of 0.2 mg mL-1. The half maximal effective concentration (EC50) of CC-AE and RD-AE was obtained at 35.05±0.91 µg mL-1 and 40.7±0.87 µg mL-1, respectively. The phototoxicity analysis showed that CC-AE and RD-AE had low PIF values and were considered probable phototoxic. Overall, regarding SPF and PIFs values, the anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties, can be evaluated for further pharmaceutical formulations.","PeriodicalId":7797,"journal":{"name":"Analytical Methods in Environmental Chemistry Journal","volume":"26 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89209558","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-29DOI: 10.24200/amecj.v5.i04.200
A. Ibrahim
In this study, zinc acetate (as a precursor) and activated carbon carboxylic acid derivative were used to create the nanostructure of zinc oxide (ZnO) as a matrix. The carboxylic acid derivative was produced by modifying the oxidized activated carbon with nitric acid (AC-COOH). The modified activated carbon's surface was then impregnated with zinc to load it. By using BET, XRD, and SEM to characterize the ZnO nanostructure, it was discovered that it was composed of nanoparticles with a surface area capacity of 17.78 m2 g-1 and a size range of 21–31 nm. The photocatalytic hydrolysis of the dye methyl orange in an aqueous medium served as a test case for the catalyst's performance. The primary variables were considered, including pH, catalyst dose, stirring effect, and starting dye concentration. Measurements of activity below UV light revealed satisfactory outcomes for photocatalytic hydrolysis of the methyl orange (MO). In addition, the efficiency of the methyl orange (MO) photolysis catalyst prepared with unmodified activated carbon was also evaluated. The outcomes proved that zinc oxide (ZnO), made using a derivative carboxylic acid of activated carbon molecules by a matrix, had more good photocatalytic action than zinc oxide (ZnO) made by the real activated carbon matrix.
{"title":"ZnO nanostructure synthesis for the photocatalytic degradation of azo dye methyl orange from aqueous solutions utilizing activated carbon","authors":"A. Ibrahim","doi":"10.24200/amecj.v5.i04.200","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24200/amecj.v5.i04.200","url":null,"abstract":"In this study, zinc acetate (as a precursor) and activated carbon carboxylic acid derivative were used to create the nanostructure of zinc oxide (ZnO) as a matrix. The carboxylic acid derivative was produced by modifying the oxidized activated carbon with nitric acid (AC-COOH). The modified activated carbon's surface was then impregnated with zinc to load it. By using BET, XRD, and SEM to characterize the ZnO nanostructure, it was discovered that it was composed of nanoparticles with a surface area capacity of 17.78 m2 g-1 and a size range of 21–31 nm. The photocatalytic hydrolysis of the dye methyl orange in an aqueous medium served as a test case for the catalyst's performance. The primary variables were considered, including pH, catalyst dose, stirring effect, and starting dye concentration. Measurements of activity below UV light revealed satisfactory outcomes for photocatalytic hydrolysis of the methyl orange (MO). In addition, the efficiency of the methyl orange (MO) photolysis catalyst prepared with unmodified activated carbon was also evaluated. The outcomes proved that zinc oxide (ZnO), made using a derivative carboxylic acid of activated carbon molecules by a matrix, had more good photocatalytic action than zinc oxide (ZnO) made by the real activated carbon matrix.","PeriodicalId":7797,"journal":{"name":"Analytical Methods in Environmental Chemistry Journal","volume":"115 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76354091","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-29DOI: 10.24200/amecj.v5.i04.209
S. Mutasher, H. Al-Lami
The energy crisis and environmental concerns have increased interest in natural polymers, and the bio-sourced materials field is experiencing rapid growth. A useful alternative to conventional plastic packaging manufactured from fossil fuels is packaging constructed of biodegradable polymers. Consideration has been given to the instrumental methods for examining modifications to the chemical composition and characteristics of modified chitosan. The molecular weight and the kind of plasticizer present in these materials are the two primary variables influencing their usability and performance. This study set out to physically blend chitosan with two different acids, lauric and maleic, to enhance chitosan cast films' physical and mechanical properties. Different plasticizer ratios appeared to have little effect on the various properties of the chitosan cast films. Examining the obtained films by FTIR implies that chitosan's native structure was unchanged. The films prepared had more flexibility and better solubility than those made with un-plasticized chitosan. It was evident from an analysis of the mechanical properties of the films that both acid plasticizers enhanced the mechanical properties of the chitosan.
{"title":"Preparation of chitosan films plasticized by lauric and maleic acids","authors":"S. Mutasher, H. Al-Lami","doi":"10.24200/amecj.v5.i04.209","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24200/amecj.v5.i04.209","url":null,"abstract":"The energy crisis and environmental concerns have increased interest in natural polymers, and the bio-sourced materials field is experiencing rapid growth. A useful alternative to conventional plastic packaging manufactured from fossil fuels is packaging constructed of biodegradable polymers. Consideration has been given to the instrumental methods for examining modifications to the chemical composition and characteristics of modified chitosan. The molecular weight and the kind of plasticizer present in these materials are the two primary variables influencing their usability and performance. This study set out to physically blend chitosan with two different acids, lauric and maleic, to enhance chitosan cast films' physical and mechanical properties. Different plasticizer ratios appeared to have little effect on the various properties of the chitosan cast films. Examining the obtained films by FTIR implies that chitosan's native structure was unchanged. The films prepared had more flexibility and better solubility than those made with un-plasticized chitosan. It was evident from an analysis of the mechanical properties of the films that both acid plasticizers enhanced the mechanical properties of the chitosan.","PeriodicalId":7797,"journal":{"name":"Analytical Methods in Environmental Chemistry Journal","volume":"11 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82407211","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-29DOI: 10.24200/amecj.v5.i04.214
Roman G. Sirotkin, E. V. Elipasheva, A. Knyazev, Viktoria A. Bobrova
The ion chromatographic method was developed to determine tetrafluoroborate ion (BF4-) in different types of water using ion pair liquid-liquid dispersive microextraction. Tetrafluoroborate was extracted into an organic phase (1,2-dichloroethane) as an ion pair with a tetrabutylammonium cation (TBA+). The most complete formation of [(ТBА+)(BF4-)] was observed at ion-pair reagent concentration of at least 5 mmol L-1 (C(BF4-) ≤ 1mg L-1). Ultrasonic irradiation was used to disperse the extractant. The achieved concentration factor (K) was 29±3, and the degree of extraction (R) was 50±5%. The limit of detection of tetrafluoroborate using the microextraction technique was 7×10-3 mg L-1. The method applies to the analysis of different water origins. The presence of the main contained anions does not interfere with the microextraction and chromatographic determination of tetrafluoroborate. The maximum molar ratio of BF4- to diverse ions is 1:104 for fluoride, chloride, bromide, nitrate ions, and 1:102 for sulfate and perchlorate ions.
{"title":"Determination of tetrafluoroborate in wastewaters by ion chromatography after ion pair liquid-liquid dispersive microextraction","authors":"Roman G. Sirotkin, E. V. Elipasheva, A. Knyazev, Viktoria A. Bobrova","doi":"10.24200/amecj.v5.i04.214","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24200/amecj.v5.i04.214","url":null,"abstract":"The ion chromatographic method was developed to determine tetrafluoroborate ion (BF4-) in different types of water using ion pair liquid-liquid dispersive microextraction. Tetrafluoroborate was extracted into an organic phase (1,2-dichloroethane) as an ion pair with a tetrabutylammonium cation (TBA+). The most complete formation of [(ТBА+)(BF4-)] was observed at ion-pair reagent concentration of at least 5 mmol L-1 (C(BF4-) ≤ 1mg L-1). Ultrasonic irradiation was used to disperse the extractant. The achieved concentration factor (K) was 29±3, and the degree of extraction (R) was 50±5%. The limit of detection of tetrafluoroborate using the microextraction technique was 7×10-3 mg L-1. The method applies to the analysis of different water origins. The presence of the main contained anions does not interfere with the microextraction and chromatographic determination of tetrafluoroborate. The maximum molar ratio of BF4- to diverse ions is 1:104 for fluoride, chloride, bromide, nitrate ions, and 1:102 for sulfate and perchlorate ions. \u0000 ","PeriodicalId":7797,"journal":{"name":"Analytical Methods in Environmental Chemistry Journal","volume":"68 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75432557","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-28DOI: 10.24200/amecj.v5.i04.213
Ali Sarabandi, A. Sahebkar, J. Asili, M. Valizadeh, K. Taheri, J. Valizadeh, M. Akaberi
Ducrosia anethifolia (Apiaceae) is a medicinal aromatic plant distributed in Iran and Afghanistan. This research aims to investigate the composition of the plant essential oil, determine the total flavonoid and phenolic contents, and evaluate its antioxidant activities after ethanol foliar feeding. For this purpose, 0, 10, 20, 40, and 80% v/v of aqueous ethanol solutions were sprayed on different batches of the plants. Then, the essential oils were obtained using water distillation. Compounds were analyzed by Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry technique(GC-MS) using a validated method. The method was validated as per the ICH guidelines for linearity, precision, accuracy, robustness, LOD, and LOQ. The total contents of phenols and flavonoids were measured using spectrophotometric methods. The antioxidant activity was evaluated using DPPH and FRAP assays. The results showed that n-decanal, cis-verbenyl acetate and dodecanal were the major compounds in all treatments. However, alcohol could cause significant differences in the essential oils qualitatively and quantitatively. The results showed that 40% ethanol could increase the number of phenolics and flavonoids and consequently the antioxidant activity. Thus, ethanol foliar feeding can be used as an appropriate approach to increase the essential oil of D. anethifolia as well as its phenolic and flavonoid contents.
{"title":"Evaluating the effect of ethanol foliar feeding on the essential oil, phenolic content, and antioxidant activities of Ducrosia anethifolia","authors":"Ali Sarabandi, A. Sahebkar, J. Asili, M. Valizadeh, K. Taheri, J. Valizadeh, M. Akaberi","doi":"10.24200/amecj.v5.i04.213","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24200/amecj.v5.i04.213","url":null,"abstract":"Ducrosia anethifolia (Apiaceae) is a medicinal aromatic plant distributed in Iran and Afghanistan. This research aims to investigate the composition of the plant essential oil, determine the total flavonoid and phenolic contents, and evaluate its antioxidant activities after ethanol foliar feeding. For this purpose, 0, 10, 20, 40, and 80% v/v of aqueous ethanol solutions were sprayed on different batches of the plants. Then, the essential oils were obtained using water distillation. Compounds were analyzed by Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry technique(GC-MS) using a validated method. The method was validated as per the ICH guidelines for linearity, precision, accuracy, robustness, LOD, and LOQ. The total contents of phenols and flavonoids were measured using spectrophotometric methods. The antioxidant activity was evaluated using DPPH and FRAP assays. The results showed that n-decanal, cis-verbenyl acetate and dodecanal were the major compounds in all treatments. However, alcohol could cause significant differences in the essential oils qualitatively and quantitatively. The results showed that 40% ethanol could increase the number of phenolics and flavonoids and consequently the antioxidant activity. Thus, ethanol foliar feeding can be used as an appropriate approach to increase the essential oil of D. anethifolia as well as its phenolic and flavonoid contents.","PeriodicalId":7797,"journal":{"name":"Analytical Methods in Environmental Chemistry Journal","volume":"71 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89145466","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-09-30DOI: 10.24200/amecj.v5.i03.203
Blessing Margreth Obidike, Nelson Onyekachi Okwara, A. W. Verla, Enyoh Christian Ebere, Johnpaul Mgbagwu
The negative environmental impact generated by fossil fuel has resulted in the demand to search for alternative routes of renewable sources of energy, such as biodiesel, that have unlimited duration while having little or no hazardous impact. In this study, trans-esterification of palm kernel oil and groundnut oil was carried out using sodium methoxide (CH3ONa) as a catalyst. The effect of varying Sodium Methoxide (CH3ONa) catalyst concentrations of (0.25, 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, and 2.0) % w/v at trans-esterification temperatures of (50, 55, and 60) oC on the yield of biodiesel from groundnut oil and palm kernel oil was determined. This was to identify the catalyst concentration and trans-esterification temperature with optimal process yield. The process gave optimum biodiesel yields of 98% and 84% by volume of groundnut oil and palm kernel oil at reaction conditions of 0.5%w/v CH3ONa as catalyst, trans-esterification temperature of 55oC, 360 rpm mixing rate and a reaction time of 90 minutes. The biodiesel produced was analyzed for fuel properties using the ASTM standard, and the results obtained were as follows; specific gravity (0.8835, 0.8815 at 15oC), flash point (98, 124) oC, and viscosity (5.2, 7.6) mm2S-1 for palm kernel oil and groundnut oil respectively.
{"title":"Optimization and effect of varying catalyst concentration and trans-esterification temperature on the yield of biodiesel production from palm kernel oil and groundnut oil","authors":"Blessing Margreth Obidike, Nelson Onyekachi Okwara, A. W. Verla, Enyoh Christian Ebere, Johnpaul Mgbagwu","doi":"10.24200/amecj.v5.i03.203","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24200/amecj.v5.i03.203","url":null,"abstract":"The negative environmental impact generated by fossil fuel has resulted in the demand to search for alternative routes of renewable sources of energy, such as biodiesel, that have unlimited duration while having little or no hazardous impact. In this study, trans-esterification of palm kernel oil and groundnut oil was carried out using sodium methoxide (CH3ONa) as a catalyst. The effect of varying Sodium Methoxide (CH3ONa) catalyst concentrations of (0.25, 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, and 2.0) % w/v at trans-esterification temperatures of (50, 55, and 60) oC on the yield of biodiesel from groundnut oil and palm kernel oil was determined. This was to identify the catalyst concentration and trans-esterification temperature with optimal process yield. The process gave optimum biodiesel yields of 98% and 84% by volume of groundnut oil and palm kernel oil at reaction conditions of 0.5%w/v CH3ONa as catalyst, trans-esterification temperature of 55oC, 360 rpm mixing rate and a reaction time of 90 minutes. The biodiesel produced was analyzed for fuel properties using the ASTM standard, and the results obtained were as follows; specific gravity (0.8835, 0.8815 at 15oC), flash point (98, 124) oC, and viscosity (5.2, 7.6) mm2S-1 for palm kernel oil and groundnut oil respectively.","PeriodicalId":7797,"journal":{"name":"Analytical Methods in Environmental Chemistry Journal","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79719519","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-09-29DOI: 10.24200/amecj.v5.i03.191
A. Ibrahim
Humic acid (HA) has a complex chemical composition and the ability to chelate, adsorb, and exchange ions with organic and inorganic contaminants in bodies of water, which worsens water quality and poses a threat to human health and the environment. In this research, an Ultraviolet-activated sodium perborate (UV/SPB) symbiotic method (UV/SPB) was developed to eliminate humic acid in water. The major synergistic and degradative processes of the humic acid were investigated, as well as the impact of the starting humic acid concentration, sodium perborate dose, and primary pH value on the humic acid elimination. Results indicate that just 0.5 % and 1.5 % of humic acid were eliminated mostly by sole UV and sole sodium perborate (SPB) methods, respectively. More effectively than other methods, UV/SPB removed humic acid with an efficiency of 88.83%. An experiment using free radicals to mask them revealed that the primary catalyst for humic acid removal is the hydroxyl radical generated by sodium perborate activation. The excitation-emission matrix spectroscopy, Ultraviolet-visible absorption (UV-Vis) spectrum, absorbance ratio values, specific Ultraviolet-visible absorbance values (SUVA), and UV/SPB method performance findings demonstrated the UV/SPB method's capability to degrade and mineralize humic acid.
{"title":"Ultraviolet-activated sodium perborate process (UV/SPB) for removing humic acid from water","authors":"A. Ibrahim","doi":"10.24200/amecj.v5.i03.191","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24200/amecj.v5.i03.191","url":null,"abstract":"Humic acid (HA) has a complex chemical composition and the ability to chelate, adsorb, and exchange ions with organic and inorganic contaminants in bodies of water, which worsens water quality and poses a threat to human health and the environment. In this research, an Ultraviolet-activated sodium perborate (UV/SPB) symbiotic method (UV/SPB) was developed to eliminate humic acid in water. The major synergistic and degradative processes of the humic acid were investigated, as well as the impact of the starting humic acid concentration, sodium perborate dose, and primary pH value on the humic acid elimination. Results indicate that just 0.5 % and 1.5 % of humic acid were eliminated mostly by sole UV and sole sodium perborate (SPB) methods, respectively. More effectively than other methods, UV/SPB removed humic acid with an efficiency of 88.83%. An experiment using free radicals to mask them revealed that the primary catalyst for humic acid removal is the hydroxyl radical generated by sodium perborate activation. The excitation-emission matrix spectroscopy, Ultraviolet-visible absorption (UV-Vis) spectrum, absorbance ratio values, specific Ultraviolet-visible absorbance values (SUVA), and UV/SPB method performance findings demonstrated the UV/SPB method's capability to degrade and mineralize humic acid.","PeriodicalId":7797,"journal":{"name":"Analytical Methods in Environmental Chemistry Journal","volume":"105 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87329325","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-09-29DOI: 10.24200/amecj.v5.i03.208
Mohammad Abbaszadeh, A. Miri, Mohammad Reza Rezaei Kahkha
In this study, the amino-functionalized metal-organic framework (NH2-MOFs) was used as an adsorbent for the extraction of cadmium in rice samples based on the pipette tip solid phase extraction (PT-SPE) before determined by the flame absorption spectrometry (F-AAS). The pH of the sample solution, initial concentration of the cadmium, the volume of the sample, elution conditions, and the amount of adsorbent on the recovery of the cadmium were investigated and optimized. The results showed that the best extraction efficiency of cadmium was obtained at pH 5.0, 2500.0 µL of cadmium solution, and 20.0 µL of HCl (10% V/V) as eluent solvent. First, the cooking rice was transferred to a beaker and hydrochloric acid/nitric acid was added to it as a digestion process before analysis by the PT-SPE procedure. The limit of detection of this method was found to be 0.03 µg L-1 with a relative standard deviation of ≤ 2.5 % (for seven replicate analyses of 50 µg L-1 of cadmium). The linear and dynamic ranges were achieved at 0.3 -14.5 µg L-1 and 0.3 -150 µg L-1, respectively. The adsorption capacity of sorbent and enrichment factor was 175 mg g-1 and 125 folds, respectively.
{"title":"Determination of cadmium in rice samples using amino-functionalized metal-organic framework by a pipette tip solid phase extraction","authors":"Mohammad Abbaszadeh, A. Miri, Mohammad Reza Rezaei Kahkha","doi":"10.24200/amecj.v5.i03.208","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24200/amecj.v5.i03.208","url":null,"abstract":"In this study, the amino-functionalized metal-organic framework (NH2-MOFs) was used as an adsorbent for the extraction of cadmium in rice samples based on the pipette tip solid phase extraction (PT-SPE) before determined by the flame absorption spectrometry (F-AAS). The pH of the sample solution, initial concentration of the cadmium, the volume of the sample, elution conditions, and the amount of adsorbent on the recovery of the cadmium were investigated and optimized. The results showed that the best extraction efficiency of cadmium was obtained at pH 5.0, 2500.0 µL of cadmium solution, and 20.0 µL of HCl (10% V/V) as eluent solvent. First, the cooking rice was transferred to a beaker and hydrochloric acid/nitric acid was added to it as a digestion process before analysis by the PT-SPE procedure. The limit of detection of this method was found to be 0.03 µg L-1 with a relative standard deviation of ≤ 2.5 % (for seven replicate analyses of 50 µg L-1 of cadmium). The linear and dynamic ranges were achieved at 0.3 -14.5 µg L-1 and 0.3 -150 µg L-1, respectively. The adsorption capacity of sorbent and enrichment factor was 175 mg g-1 and 125 folds, respectively.","PeriodicalId":7797,"journal":{"name":"Analytical Methods in Environmental Chemistry Journal","volume":"34 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89978153","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-09-29DOI: 10.24200/amecj.v5.i03.205
Tahrer N. Majid, A. A. Abdulwahid
The present study reported the preparation of solid phases from various available and cheap natural sources represented by activated carbon to remove the polluting dye Congo Red (CR). Activated carbon derived from the leaves of the Consocarpus plant (C/AC) and Ziziphus Spina-Christi plant (Z/AC) and Myrtus plant (M/AC) by chemical activation. The solid phases were diagnosed and examined using FTIR, FESE, and XRD. The results of the study indicated that the best amount for the solid phase was 0.25 g for the three solid phases used against dye, the optimal concentration of the CR was 100 mg L-1, and the optimum acidity function was equal to 5 with a volume of 25 mL, as the optimization experiments indicated that the best flow rate of the eluting solution was equal to 0.5 ml min-1. The elution processes were carried out using several solvents different in polarity and it was found that 8 mL of DMSO achieved the best percentage of recovery (%R). Also, the adsorption capacity based on the optimal conditions that were obtained by applying Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm models, and qmax, according to the Langmuir model, was (21.74, 23.53, 22.17) mg g-1 for (Z/AC), (C/AC), and (M/AC) adsorbents, respectively.
本研究报道了以活性炭为代表的多种廉价天然原料制备固相以去除污染染料刚果红(CR)。采用化学活化法，从果壳植物(C/AC)、紫皮植物(Z/AC)和桃金娘植物(M/AC)的叶片中提取活性炭。采用FTIR、FESE和XRD对固相进行了诊断和检测。研究结果表明，三种固相对染料的最佳固相用量为0.25 g, CR的最佳浓度为100 mg L-1，最佳酸度函数为5，体积为25 mL，优化实验表明，洗脱液的最佳流速为0.5 mL min-1。用不同极性的溶剂进行了洗脱过程，发现8ml DMSO的回收率最高(%R)。采用Langmuir和Freundlich等温线模型得到的最佳吸附条件下，(Z/AC)、(C/AC)和(M/AC)吸附剂的吸附量qmax分别为(21.74、23.53、22.17)mg g-1。
{"title":"An efficient cheap source of activated carbon as solid phases for extraction and removal of Congo Red from aqueous solutions","authors":"Tahrer N. Majid, A. A. Abdulwahid","doi":"10.24200/amecj.v5.i03.205","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24200/amecj.v5.i03.205","url":null,"abstract":"The present study reported the preparation of solid phases from various available and cheap natural sources represented by activated carbon to remove the polluting dye Congo Red (CR). Activated carbon derived from the leaves of the Consocarpus plant (C/AC) and Ziziphus Spina-Christi plant (Z/AC) and Myrtus plant (M/AC) by chemical activation. The solid phases were diagnosed and examined using FTIR, FESE, and XRD. The results of the study indicated that the best amount for the solid phase was 0.25 g for the three solid phases used against dye, the optimal concentration of the CR was 100 mg L-1, and the optimum acidity function was equal to 5 with a volume of 25 mL, as the optimization experiments indicated that the best flow rate of the eluting solution was equal to 0.5 ml min-1. The elution processes were carried out using several solvents different in polarity and it was found that 8 mL of DMSO achieved the best percentage of recovery (%R). Also, the adsorption capacity based on the optimal conditions that were obtained by applying Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm models, and qmax, according to the Langmuir model, was (21.74, 23.53, 22.17) mg g-1 for (Z/AC), (C/AC), and (M/AC) adsorbents, respectively.","PeriodicalId":7797,"journal":{"name":"Analytical Methods in Environmental Chemistry Journal","volume":"4 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89113816","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-09-29DOI: 10.24200/amecj.v5.i03.190
Yunes M. M. A. Alsayadi, Saahil Arora
Total vaporization solid-phase microextraction (TV-SPME) is a type of extraction technique in which a specific solvent dissolves the analyte. Then a tiny amount of solvent is taken to the vial of SPME. Then, the solvent vaporizes in the SPME vial, and sampling is carried out on the headspace of the SPME fiber. As a result, the partitioning phase of the analyte between the headspace and liquid sample is omitted. The equilibrium phase remains the analyte partitioning between the headspace and SPME. TV-SPME was introduced in 2014 by Goodpaster to increase the recovery compared to the liquid injection method. This review discusses different aspects of TV-SPME, including its impact on sampling techniques, theoretical part, sampling procedure, and method optimization. Special attention was paid to its applications. A comprehensive literature study was conducted in the relevant databases to summarize the research work that has been done on this technique. In TV-SPME, the liquid samples completely vaporized and had a less matrix effect and better adsorption. This method needs no sample preparation, consumes less supply, and can be done automatically. Also, TV-SPME enables a cost-effective and efficient extraction for different matrixes. This review summarizes aspects related to TV-SPME.
{"title":"A review: Total vaporization solid-phase microextraction procedure in different matrixes","authors":"Yunes M. M. A. Alsayadi, Saahil Arora","doi":"10.24200/amecj.v5.i03.190","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24200/amecj.v5.i03.190","url":null,"abstract":"Total vaporization solid-phase microextraction (TV-SPME) is a type of extraction technique in which a specific solvent dissolves the analyte. Then a tiny amount of solvent is taken to the vial of SPME. Then, the solvent vaporizes in the SPME vial, and sampling is carried out on the headspace of the SPME fiber. As a result, the partitioning phase of the analyte between the headspace and liquid sample is omitted. The equilibrium phase remains the analyte partitioning between the headspace and SPME. TV-SPME was introduced in 2014 by Goodpaster to increase the recovery compared to the liquid injection method. This review discusses different aspects of TV-SPME, including its impact on sampling techniques, theoretical part, sampling procedure, and method optimization. Special attention was paid to its applications. A comprehensive literature study was conducted in the relevant databases to summarize the research work that has been done on this technique. In TV-SPME, the liquid samples completely vaporized and had a less matrix effect and better adsorption. This method needs no sample preparation, consumes less supply, and can be done automatically. Also, TV-SPME enables a cost-effective and efficient extraction for different matrixes. This review summarizes aspects related to TV-SPME.","PeriodicalId":7797,"journal":{"name":"Analytical Methods in Environmental Chemistry Journal","volume":"40 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88882191","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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