Nadia Touil, Charifa Drissi Touzani, El Mostafa Benaissa, Jalal Kasouati, Zineb Rhazzar, Hicham El Annaz, Nadia El Mrimar, Lamiae Neffah, Rachid Abi, Rida Tagajdid Rida Tagajdid, Safae El Kochri, Mariette Ducatez, Youssouf Akhouad, Ahmed Reggad, Zouhour El Kassimi, Abdelhamid Zrara, Fatna Bssaibis, ElMostapha El Fahime, Idriss Lahlou Amine, Abdelkader Belmekki, Yashpal Singh Malik, Mostafa Elouennass, Khalid Ennibi
Background: The SARS-CoV-2 is an extremely contagious and acute viral disease mainly affecting humans.
Objective: To estimate seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing antibodies (NAbs) for illegible armed force individuals living in Rabat, Morocco
Method: A convenience sample (N = 2662) was conducted from May 2020 to February 2021. We used the standard neutralization assay to quantify the NAbs titers. A serum was positive when the titer was 1:4. High positive NAbs titers were defined when ≥ 1:32.
Results: Demographic and socioeconomic status did not affect seroprevalence data. An overall seroprevalence of 24,9% was found. Sera from blood donors, young recruits and auto-immune population had lower NAbs titers. However, titers were above 1:16 in 9% of the population with high risk of SARS-CoV-2 exposure. Seropositivity increased over time with values reaching peaks after the epidemic waves (2.4% in May 2020; 16.2% in August 2020; 22.7% in December 2020 and 37% in February 2021).
Conclusion: And increase of NAbs was observed over time and correlated with the post-epidemic waves of COVID-19 in Morocco.
Keywords: SARS-CoV-2; Serum neutralizing assay; Seroprevalence; Rabat; Morocco.
{"title":"Neutralising antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 give important information on Covid-19 epidemic evolution in Rabat, Morocco, March 2020-February 2021","authors":"Nadia Touil, Charifa Drissi Touzani, El Mostafa Benaissa, Jalal Kasouati, Zineb Rhazzar, Hicham El Annaz, Nadia El Mrimar, Lamiae Neffah, Rachid Abi, Rida Tagajdid Rida Tagajdid, Safae El Kochri, Mariette Ducatez, Youssouf Akhouad, Ahmed Reggad, Zouhour El Kassimi, Abdelhamid Zrara, Fatna Bssaibis, ElMostapha El Fahime, Idriss Lahlou Amine, Abdelkader Belmekki, Yashpal Singh Malik, Mostafa Elouennass, Khalid Ennibi","doi":"10.4314/ahs.v23i3.46","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/ahs.v23i3.46","url":null,"abstract":"Background: The SARS-CoV-2 is an extremely contagious and acute viral disease mainly affecting humans.
 Objective: To estimate seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing antibodies (NAbs) for illegible armed force individuals living in Rabat, Morocco
 Method: A convenience sample (N = 2662) was conducted from May 2020 to February 2021. We used the standard neutralization assay to quantify the NAbs titers. A serum was positive when the titer was 1:4. High positive NAbs titers were defined when ≥ 1:32.
 Results: Demographic and socioeconomic status did not affect seroprevalence data. An overall seroprevalence of 24,9% was found. Sera from blood donors, young recruits and auto-immune population had lower NAbs titers. However, titers were above 1:16 in 9% of the population with high risk of SARS-CoV-2 exposure. Seropositivity increased over time with values reaching peaks after the epidemic waves (2.4% in May 2020; 16.2% in August 2020; 22.7% in December 2020 and 37% in February 2021).
 Conclusion: And increase of NAbs was observed over time and correlated with the post-epidemic waves of COVID-19 in Morocco.
 Keywords: SARS-CoV-2; Serum neutralizing assay; Seroprevalence; Rabat; Morocco.","PeriodicalId":7853,"journal":{"name":"African Health Sciences","volume":"3 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136213313","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Chukwuemeka Charles Nwafor, Kingsley Uwaemechi Umeh, Emmanuel Benjamin Etuk, Uchechukwu Brian Eziagu, Ikwo Jonathan Kudamnya, Esther Ekwo
Background: Breast lesions are not common in children and adolescents. The aim of this study is to retrospectively survey the clinicopathological pattern of breast lesions in children and adolescents in our setting.
Materials and method: This is a retrospective study of all breast specimens from children and adolescents that were histopathologically diagnosed in University of Uyo Teaching Hospital.
Results: The youngest patients seen were 11 years old, with mean age of 17.1 ± 1.91. The commonest clinical diagnoses were fibroadenoma (n=134, 72.4%). Thirty-five-point seven percent of the patients presented within 6 months of noticing the lump. The mean size of the lumps was 6.2cm ± 3.9. Fibroadenoma was the most common benign diagnosis and the most common histopathologic diagnosis in this study. The mean age of patients with fibroadenoma was 17.15±1.83.
Conclusion: The pattern of breast lesions in adolescents in Uyo is similar to that from other parts of Nigeria.
Keywords: Adolescents; benign; breast lesions; fibroadenoma.
{"title":"Clinicopathological pattern of breast lesions in children and adolescents","authors":"Chukwuemeka Charles Nwafor, Kingsley Uwaemechi Umeh, Emmanuel Benjamin Etuk, Uchechukwu Brian Eziagu, Ikwo Jonathan Kudamnya, Esther Ekwo","doi":"10.4314/ahs.v23i3.28","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/ahs.v23i3.28","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Breast lesions are not common in children and adolescents. The aim of this study is to retrospectively survey the clinicopathological pattern of breast lesions in children and adolescents in our setting.
 Materials and method: This is a retrospective study of all breast specimens from children and adolescents that were histopathologically diagnosed in University of Uyo Teaching Hospital.
 Results: The youngest patients seen were 11 years old, with mean age of 17.1 ± 1.91. The commonest clinical diagnoses were fibroadenoma (n=134, 72.4%). Thirty-five-point seven percent of the patients presented within 6 months of noticing the lump. The mean size of the lumps was 6.2cm ± 3.9. Fibroadenoma was the most common benign diagnosis and the most common histopathologic diagnosis in this study. The mean age of patients with fibroadenoma was 17.15±1.83.
 Conclusion: The pattern of breast lesions in adolescents in Uyo is similar to that from other parts of Nigeria.
 Keywords: Adolescents; benign; breast lesions; fibroadenoma.","PeriodicalId":7853,"journal":{"name":"African Health Sciences","volume":"254 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136213476","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Objective: To explore the clinical value of central venous pressure (CVP) + inferior vena cava respiratory variability (VIVC) in fluid resuscitation in spontaneously breathing patients with septic shock.
Methods: In retrospective observational study, during October 2019 to December 2021, 145 patients with septic shock treated in our hospital were enrolled by the method of observational study. According to the change rate of cardiac output (△ CO) ≥15% or △ CO<15% after 30 minutes, they were assigned into volume-responsive and volume-unresponsive group depending early fluid resuscitation in sepsis. The clinical value of combination of CVP and VIVC in predicting fluid resuscitation in patients with septic shock was compared.
Results: The CVP of the study group was higher at 12h and 24h after fluid resuscitation, and the VIVC level of the study group at 6h, 12h and 24h after fluid resuscitation was higher (P<0.05). Pearson correlation analysis indicated that CVP, and VIVC levels were noticeably correlated with fluid resuscitation in patients with septic shock (P<0.05). The area under curve (AUC) of receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) of CVP for predicting fluid resuscitation in septic shock patients was 0.694 and the cut-off value was 0.932, the sensitivity was 46.9%, and the specificity was 87.5%. VIVC predicted fluid resuscitation in septic shock patients with an AUC of 0.776, which was a cut-off value of 0.688, a sensitivity of 50.0%, and a specificity of 90.0%. Combination of CVP and VIVC predicted fluid resuscitation in septic shock patients with an AUC of 0.948, which was a cut-off value of 1.420, a sensitivity of 90.6%, and a specificity of 87.5%.
Conclusion: Combination of CVP and VIVC may have a good effect on the evaluation of volume responsiveness in patients with septic shock, which is better than single CVP and VIVC. Combination of CVP and VIVC can be adopted to predict fluid responsiveness volume responsiveness in septic shock patients, which is of great significance for guiding clinical fluid responsiveness therapy.
Keywords: Septic shock; fluid resuscitation; CVP; VIVC.
{"title":"Clinical value of CVP+VIVC in predicting fluid resuscitation in patients with septic shock","authors":"Haitao Zhang, Chang Liu, Aiping Cao, Qiong Hang","doi":"10.4314/ahs.v23i3.52","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/ahs.v23i3.52","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: To explore the clinical value of central venous pressure (CVP) + inferior vena cava respiratory variability (VIVC) in fluid resuscitation in spontaneously breathing patients with septic shock.
 Methods: In retrospective observational study, during October 2019 to December 2021, 145 patients with septic shock treated in our hospital were enrolled by the method of observational study. According to the change rate of cardiac output (△ CO) ≥15% or △ CO<15% after 30 minutes, they were assigned into volume-responsive and volume-unresponsive group depending early fluid resuscitation in sepsis. The clinical value of combination of CVP and VIVC in predicting fluid resuscitation in patients with septic shock was compared.
 Results: The CVP of the study group was higher at 12h and 24h after fluid resuscitation, and the VIVC level of the study group at 6h, 12h and 24h after fluid resuscitation was higher (P<0.05). Pearson correlation analysis indicated that CVP, and VIVC levels were noticeably correlated with fluid resuscitation in patients with septic shock (P<0.05). The area under curve (AUC) of receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) of CVP for predicting fluid resuscitation in septic shock patients was 0.694 and the cut-off value was 0.932, the sensitivity was 46.9%, and the specificity was 87.5%. VIVC predicted fluid resuscitation in septic shock patients with an AUC of 0.776, which was a cut-off value of 0.688, a sensitivity of 50.0%, and a specificity of 90.0%. Combination of CVP and VIVC predicted fluid resuscitation in septic shock patients with an AUC of 0.948, which was a cut-off value of 1.420, a sensitivity of 90.6%, and a specificity of 87.5%.
 Conclusion: Combination of CVP and VIVC may have a good effect on the evaluation of volume responsiveness in patients with septic shock, which is better than single CVP and VIVC. Combination of CVP and VIVC can be adopted to predict fluid responsiveness volume responsiveness in septic shock patients, which is of great significance for guiding clinical fluid responsiveness therapy.
 Keywords: Septic shock; fluid resuscitation; CVP; VIVC.","PeriodicalId":7853,"journal":{"name":"African Health Sciences","volume":"9 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136213632","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abderrahmane Jallouli, Karima El Fakiri, Houda Nassih, Rabiy EL Qadiry, Aicha Bourrahouat, Imane Ait Sab, Noureddine Rada, Ghizlane Draiss, Mohammed Bouskraoui
Background: The world is currently facing a pandemic due to a new species of the Coronaviridae family called SARS-CoV-2,discovered in the city of Wuhan in China in December 2019. The WHO has named the resulting disease COVID-19 (CoronavirusDisease 2019). It has been a global health problem due to its major socio-economic damage. The aim of this study was toshow the prevalence of gastrointestinal and hepatic manifestations in symptomatic children with COVID-19.
Methods: We performed a retrospective study, including 36 symptomatic children infected by SARS-CoV-2 hospitalized at themother and child hospital of university hospital of Mohammed VI, Marrakech in Morocco, over a period of 7 months. Clinicaland biological manifestations of the digestive system were evaluated for all patients.
Results: The digestive symptomatology came in second place after the respiratory manifestations. 14 patients (38.89 % ofsymptomatic patients) in our study had digestive symptoms on admission: 12 (33.33%) presented with diarrhea, 4 (11.11%) hadabdominal pain and only one child (2.78%) had vomiting. Aspartate aminotransferase (AST) was elevated in one patient, whilealanine transaminase (ALT) was elevated in 6 patients. The prothrombin level was normal in all patients. All patients were dischargedwith good general condition without morbidity and mortality.
Conclusion: This study concludes with the high prevalence of digestive manifestations of COVID-19 in symptomatic children.There were no severe clinical or biological abnormalities in our study. Digestive manifestations during COVID-19 in childrenare frequent, which requires the awareness of health professionals
Keywords: COVID-19; digestive manifestations; children.
{"title":"Digestive manifestations of Covid-19 in children: a retrospective study","authors":"Abderrahmane Jallouli, Karima El Fakiri, Houda Nassih, Rabiy EL Qadiry, Aicha Bourrahouat, Imane Ait Sab, Noureddine Rada, Ghizlane Draiss, Mohammed Bouskraoui","doi":"10.4314/ahs.v23i3.22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/ahs.v23i3.22","url":null,"abstract":"Background: The world is currently facing a pandemic due to a new species of the Coronaviridae family called SARS-CoV-2,discovered in the city of Wuhan in China in December 2019. The WHO has named the resulting disease COVID-19 (CoronavirusDisease 2019). It has been a global health problem due to its major socio-economic damage. The aim of this study was toshow the prevalence of gastrointestinal and hepatic manifestations in symptomatic children with COVID-19.
 Methods: We performed a retrospective study, including 36 symptomatic children infected by SARS-CoV-2 hospitalized at themother and child hospital of university hospital of Mohammed VI, Marrakech in Morocco, over a period of 7 months. Clinicaland biological manifestations of the digestive system were evaluated for all patients.
 Results: The digestive symptomatology came in second place after the respiratory manifestations. 14 patients (38.89 % ofsymptomatic patients) in our study had digestive symptoms on admission: 12 (33.33%) presented with diarrhea, 4 (11.11%) hadabdominal pain and only one child (2.78%) had vomiting. Aspartate aminotransferase (AST) was elevated in one patient, whilealanine transaminase (ALT) was elevated in 6 patients. The prothrombin level was normal in all patients. All patients were dischargedwith good general condition without morbidity and mortality.
 Conclusion: This study concludes with the high prevalence of digestive manifestations of COVID-19 in symptomatic children.There were no severe clinical or biological abnormalities in our study. Digestive manifestations during COVID-19 in childrenare frequent, which requires the awareness of health professionals
 Keywords: COVID-19; digestive manifestations; children.","PeriodicalId":7853,"journal":{"name":"African Health Sciences","volume":"38 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136213928","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background: With the onset of the South African democracy in 1994 it was hoped that many social inequalities would beaddressed urgently. However, studies have shown that service delivery inaccessibility remains a challenge and investigating thesocial implications of such injustices remains important.
Objective: This study determined to establish the association between service delivery inaccessibility and adolescent pregnancyin South Africa.
Methods: Using data from 2019 and 2021 general household surveys, 7 737 teenage females were included. The study applieddescriptive statistics, chi-squared testing as well as multilevel binary logistic regression.
Results: Random-intercept multilevel binary logistic regression revealed that the risk of adolescent pregnancy independently increased as the level of service inaccessibility increased at household level (no services: OR=1.73, 1 service: OR=1.40, 2 services:OR=1.28) and community level (medium: OR=1.22, high: OR=1.38) at a P-value of 0.05.
Conclusion: Findings highlight the need to guarantee universal service delivery urgently not only for development, but also toprevent adolescent pregnancy. Furthermore, the findings present evidence of structural factors driving adolescent pregnancy inSouth Africa, which renders continued cycles of poverty, injustice and early pregnancy amongst the majority of Blacks.
Keywords: Teenage pregnancy; service inaccessibility; multilevel modelling; South Africa; structural inequality; teenagers.
{"title":"Service delivery inaccessibility as a predictor of teenage pregnancy in South Africa","authors":"Mkwanazi Sibusiso","doi":"10.4314/ahs.v23i3.9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/ahs.v23i3.9","url":null,"abstract":"Background: With the onset of the South African democracy in 1994 it was hoped that many social inequalities would beaddressed urgently. However, studies have shown that service delivery inaccessibility remains a challenge and investigating thesocial implications of such injustices remains important.
 Objective: This study determined to establish the association between service delivery inaccessibility and adolescent pregnancyin South Africa.
 Methods: Using data from 2019 and 2021 general household surveys, 7 737 teenage females were included. The study applieddescriptive statistics, chi-squared testing as well as multilevel binary logistic regression.
 Results: Random-intercept multilevel binary logistic regression revealed that the risk of adolescent pregnancy independently increased as the level of service inaccessibility increased at household level (no services: OR=1.73, 1 service: OR=1.40, 2 services:OR=1.28) and community level (medium: OR=1.22, high: OR=1.38) at a P-value of 0.05.
 Conclusion: Findings highlight the need to guarantee universal service delivery urgently not only for development, but also toprevent adolescent pregnancy. Furthermore, the findings present evidence of structural factors driving adolescent pregnancy inSouth Africa, which renders continued cycles of poverty, injustice and early pregnancy amongst the majority of Blacks.
 Keywords: Teenage pregnancy; service inaccessibility; multilevel modelling; South Africa; structural inequality; teenagers.","PeriodicalId":7853,"journal":{"name":"African Health Sciences","volume":"11 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136213463","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background: African contribution to global research output is said to be low. Poor funding and poor skills in grant writing havebeen suggested as important factors for this situation.
Objectives: Applications for research ethics clearance in a hospital were reviewed to have an overview of the planned studiesand the proportion of them that attracted national and international funding.
Methods: A review of all applications for ethical clearance received by the institutional review board of a university teachinghospital at Ile-Ife, Nigeria, from 2016 to 2020. They were analysed according to study nature, scope, purpose, and sponsorshipusing descriptive statistics presented as frequency tables and charts.
Results: A total of 878 applications were reviewed. There were 803 (91.5%) applications for local, 45 (5.1%) for national multicentre,and 30 (3.4%) for international multicentre studies. Applications for medical fellowship were 352 (40.0%) while 208(23.8%) were from academic staff for non-degree research. There were 610 (69.5%) applications for self-sponsored studies.Only 18 (2.0%) and 26 (3.0%) received sponsorship from national and international donor agencies, respectively.
Conclusions: Local studies formed the bulk of the submissions for ethics clearance. National and international donor fundingof research is abysmally low in this Nigerian tertiary institution studied.
Keywords: Research ethics applications; study sponsorship.
{"title":"A 5-year review of research ethics applications in a tertiary health and educational institution in Nigeria","authors":"Dennis Amajuoyi Ndububa, Akinjide Olurotimi Ogundokun, Oluwagbemiga Oluwole Ayoola, Adebanjo Babalola Adeyemi, Rahman Ayodele Bolarinwa, Taiwo Olumuyiwa Ogundipe, Abdulkadir Ayo Salako, Aaron Oladiipo Aboderin, Olusegun Temitope Afolabi, Anthony Taiwo Adenekan, Ige Oluwatosin Taiwo, Oluwabanke Gold Akanbi","doi":"10.4314/ahs.v23i3.85","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/ahs.v23i3.85","url":null,"abstract":"Background: African contribution to global research output is said to be low. Poor funding and poor skills in grant writing havebeen suggested as important factors for this situation.
 Objectives: Applications for research ethics clearance in a hospital were reviewed to have an overview of the planned studiesand the proportion of them that attracted national and international funding.
 Methods: A review of all applications for ethical clearance received by the institutional review board of a university teachinghospital at Ile-Ife, Nigeria, from 2016 to 2020. They were analysed according to study nature, scope, purpose, and sponsorshipusing descriptive statistics presented as frequency tables and charts.
 Results: A total of 878 applications were reviewed. There were 803 (91.5%) applications for local, 45 (5.1%) for national multicentre,and 30 (3.4%) for international multicentre studies. Applications for medical fellowship were 352 (40.0%) while 208(23.8%) were from academic staff for non-degree research. There were 610 (69.5%) applications for self-sponsored studies.Only 18 (2.0%) and 26 (3.0%) received sponsorship from national and international donor agencies, respectively.
 Conclusions: Local studies formed the bulk of the submissions for ethics clearance. National and international donor fundingof research is abysmally low in this Nigerian tertiary institution studied.
 Keywords: Research ethics applications; study sponsorship.","PeriodicalId":7853,"journal":{"name":"African Health Sciences","volume":"18 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136213633","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Qu Xianguo, Cao Hui, Shen Xin, Feng Jing, Wang Zijian, Niu Zhenyu, Gan Yong
Background: High rates of sexual violence ratios in low-income countries are recognized as a global public health problem. The incidence of violence against African women has been increasing. However, no study has systematically summarized the global prevalence of sexual violence against African woman.
Methods: We conducted a comprehensive search of PubMed, Embase and Web of Science, databases from their inception through January 2021 for pertinent studies on reporting the prevalence of sexual violence against African women. We included observational studies. The prevalence rate was estimated using a random-effects meta-analysis. The heterogeneity was evaluated using I2 statistic. Differences by study level characteristics were estimated through subgroup analysis and meta-regression.
Results: A total of 9 cross-sectional studies were included (a total of 9,030 participants). The pooled sexual violence rate was 0.33 (95% CI = 0.23–0.42). Subgroup analyses found that there was a higher rates of sexual violence against pregnant woman in east Africa (0.41, 95% CI = 0.24–0.58), pregnant (0.42, 95% CI = 0.05–0.80), and interview (0.40, 95% CI = 0.01–0.78). The analysis found that the major sexual violence types were the physical violence (0.19, 95% CI = 0.07–0.31), psychological violence (0.36, 95% CI = 0.11–0.61), sexual assault (0.25, 95% CI = 0.02–0.47).
Conclusions: Nearly one out of every three (33%) African woman around the world has been a victim of sexual violence in their life. This current study investigated the status and characteristics of sexual violence against women, which could provide an important reference for the African health care provider. Assessing this problem against African women helps government officials, policy makers, program designers and non-governmental organizations to design prevention and controlling strategies.
Keywords: Sexual violence; African women; Meta-analysis.
背景:低收入国家的高性暴力比率被认为是一个全球性的公共卫生问题。针对非洲妇女的暴力事件不断增加。然而，没有一项研究系统地总结了针对非洲妇女的性暴力在全球的普遍程度。方法:我们对PubMed、Embase和Web of Science数据库进行了全面的检索，从它们成立到2021年1月，检索有关报告针对非洲妇女的性暴力流行的相关研究。我们纳入了观察性研究。使用随机效应荟萃分析估计患病率。采用I2统计量评价异质性。通过亚组分析和meta回归估计各研究水平特征的差异。
结果:共纳入9项横断面研究(共9030名受试者)。合并性暴力率为0.33 (95% CI = 0.23-0.42)。亚组分析发现，东非对孕妇(0.41,95% CI = 0.24-0.58)、孕妇(0.42,95% CI = 0.05-0.80)和受访妇女(0.40,95% CI = 0.01-0.78)的性暴力发生率较高。分析发现，主要的性暴力类型为身体暴力(0.19,95% CI = 0.07-0.31)、心理暴力(0.36,95% CI = 0.11-0.61)、性侵犯(0.25,95% CI = 0.02-0.47)。
结论:全世界近三分之一(33%)的非洲妇女在其生活中曾是性暴力的受害者。本研究调查了针对妇女的性暴力的现状和特点，可为非洲保健提供者提供重要参考。对非洲妇女的这一问题进行评估，有助于政府官员、决策者、方案设计者和非政府组织制定预防和控制战略。关键词:性暴力;非洲妇女;荟萃分析。
{"title":"The prevalence of sexual violence against African women: a systematic review and meta-analysis","authors":"Qu Xianguo, Cao Hui, Shen Xin, Feng Jing, Wang Zijian, Niu Zhenyu, Gan Yong","doi":"10.4314/ahs.v23i3.15","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/ahs.v23i3.15","url":null,"abstract":"Background: High rates of sexual violence ratios in low-income countries are recognized as a global public health problem. The incidence of violence against African women has been increasing. However, no study has systematically summarized the global prevalence of sexual violence against African woman.
 Methods: We conducted a comprehensive search of PubMed, Embase and Web of Science, databases from their inception through January 2021 for pertinent studies on reporting the prevalence of sexual violence against African women. We included observational studies. The prevalence rate was estimated using a random-effects meta-analysis. The heterogeneity was evaluated using I2 statistic. Differences by study level characteristics were estimated through subgroup analysis and meta-regression.
 Results: A total of 9 cross-sectional studies were included (a total of 9,030 participants). The pooled sexual violence rate was 0.33 (95% CI = 0.23–0.42). Subgroup analyses found that there was a higher rates of sexual violence against pregnant woman in east Africa (0.41, 95% CI = 0.24–0.58), pregnant (0.42, 95% CI = 0.05–0.80), and interview (0.40, 95% CI = 0.01–0.78). The analysis found that the major sexual violence types were the physical violence (0.19, 95% CI = 0.07–0.31), psychological violence (0.36, 95% CI = 0.11–0.61), sexual assault (0.25, 95% CI = 0.02–0.47).
 Conclusions: Nearly one out of every three (33%) African woman around the world has been a victim of sexual violence in their life. This current study investigated the status and characteristics of sexual violence against women, which could provide an important reference for the African health care provider. Assessing this problem against African women helps government officials, policy makers, program designers and non-governmental organizations to design prevention and controlling strategies.
 Keywords: Sexual violence; African women; Meta-analysis.","PeriodicalId":7853,"journal":{"name":"African Health Sciences","volume":"3 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136213775","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Awoere T Chinawa, Edmund N Ossai, Paul C Odinka, Obinna C Nduaguba, Jaclyn I Odinka, Ann E Aronu, Josephat M Chinawa
Background: Adolescent problem gambling is a common behavioural issue and could be associated with internet addiction.
Objectives: To determine the pattern of problem gambling and factors that predict gambling among adolescents that attendedsecondary schools in southeast Nigeria.
Methodology: This is a cross-sectional study design. A three-stage sampling technique was used to select 796 secondary schooladolescents from eight secondary schools in Enugu State, Nigeria.
Results: The highest proportion of the respondents, 38.3% had problem gambling with negative consequences. There was aweak positive correlation between gambling severity index and internet addiction. (n=796, r=0.254, p<0.001). There is a veryweak negative correlation between gambling severity index and age in years. (n=796, r= -0.034, p=0.331).The male respondents were 1.5 times more likely to have problem gambling when compared with the females, (AOR=1.5;(95%CI: 1.1-2.0). The respondents who have internet addiction were 3.5 times more likely to have problem gambling whencompared with those who do not have an internet addiction, (AOR=3.5; 95%CI: 2.6-4.8).
Conclusion: The prevalence of gambling among adolescents is high. Adolescents who had problem gambling also had internetaddiction. The male respondents were more likely to have problem gambling than their female folk.
Keywords: Problem gambling; secondary school; adolescents; internet addiction; gambling severity index.
{"title":"Problem gambling among secondary school adolescents in Enugu, Nigeria","authors":"Awoere T Chinawa, Edmund N Ossai, Paul C Odinka, Obinna C Nduaguba, Jaclyn I Odinka, Ann E Aronu, Josephat M Chinawa","doi":"10.4314/ahs.v23i3.86","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/ahs.v23i3.86","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Adolescent problem gambling is a common behavioural issue and could be associated with internet addiction.
 Objectives: To determine the pattern of problem gambling and factors that predict gambling among adolescents that attendedsecondary schools in southeast Nigeria.
 Methodology: This is a cross-sectional study design. A three-stage sampling technique was used to select 796 secondary schooladolescents from eight secondary schools in Enugu State, Nigeria.
 Results: The highest proportion of the respondents, 38.3% had problem gambling with negative consequences. There was aweak positive correlation between gambling severity index and internet addiction. (n=796, r=0.254, p<0.001). There is a veryweak negative correlation between gambling severity index and age in years. (n=796, r= -0.034, p=0.331).The male respondents were 1.5 times more likely to have problem gambling when compared with the females, (AOR=1.5;(95%CI: 1.1-2.0). The respondents who have internet addiction were 3.5 times more likely to have problem gambling whencompared with those who do not have an internet addiction, (AOR=3.5; 95%CI: 2.6-4.8).
 Conclusion: The prevalence of gambling among adolescents is high. Adolescents who had problem gambling also had internetaddiction. The male respondents were more likely to have problem gambling than their female folk.
 Keywords: Problem gambling; secondary school; adolescents; internet addiction; gambling severity index.","PeriodicalId":7853,"journal":{"name":"African Health Sciences","volume":"26 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136211817","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Mehdi Moradinazar, Zienab Mohseni Afshar, Uosef Ramazani, Mohammad Shakiba, Maria Shirvani, Sara Darvishi
Introduction: Tuberculosis (TB) is a preventable and curable disease, although, it still causes more than one million deaths annually. Therefore, the aim of this study was to measure the epidemiological status and the burden of TB in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) countries.
Methods: The study population included 21 countries in the MENA region, covering a population of about 400 million. The Global Burden of Disease (GBD) 2019 database was used. The case definition comprises all forms of TB, containing pulmonary and extra pulmonary TB, which are bacteriologically approved or clinically diagnosed. The prevalence, incidence, death, and the disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) rates per 100,000 people for all national locations by standardized age rates (ASR) were measured.
Results: In 2019, Afghanistan had the highest TB-related incidence 85.09 (95% UI, 73.69_98.46), death 21.91 (95% UI, 13.44_29.78), and DALYs rate 695.21 (95% UI, 454.34_939.49). The highest prevalence rates of TB were in Egypt 28935.42 (95% UI, 26125.54_32251.01). The highest TB-related DALYs rate was attributed to alcohol use, high fasting plasma glucose, and smoking were related to Tunisia, Qatar, and Lebanon, respectively. Between 1990 and 2019, TB- related incidence, prevalence, death, and DALYs rate have decreased by 53%, 42.19%, 76.20%, and 75.95% in MENA region, respectively.
Conclusion: TB has continued to decrease in prevalence, incidence, death, and DALYs rates in the MENA region, although, nowadays with the COVID-19 pandemic, societies may face more challenges for TB prevention, detection, treatment, and rehabilitation.
Keywords: Tuberculosis; disability; burden of disease; DALY; MENA.
{"title":"Epidemiological features of tuberculosis in the Middle East and North Africa from 1990 to 2019: results from the global burden of disease Study 2019","authors":"Mehdi Moradinazar, Zienab Mohseni Afshar, Uosef Ramazani, Mohammad Shakiba, Maria Shirvani, Sara Darvishi","doi":"10.4314/ahs.v23i3.43","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/ahs.v23i3.43","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Tuberculosis (TB) is a preventable and curable disease, although, it still causes more than one million deaths annually. Therefore, the aim of this study was to measure the epidemiological status and the burden of TB in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) countries.
 Methods: The study population included 21 countries in the MENA region, covering a population of about 400 million. The Global Burden of Disease (GBD) 2019 database was used. The case definition comprises all forms of TB, containing pulmonary and extra pulmonary TB, which are bacteriologically approved or clinically diagnosed. The prevalence, incidence, death, and the disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) rates per 100,000 people for all national locations by standardized age rates (ASR) were measured.
 Results: In 2019, Afghanistan had the highest TB-related incidence 85.09 (95% UI, 73.69_98.46), death 21.91 (95% UI, 13.44_29.78), and DALYs rate 695.21 (95% UI, 454.34_939.49). The highest prevalence rates of TB were in Egypt 28935.42 (95% UI, 26125.54_32251.01). The highest TB-related DALYs rate was attributed to alcohol use, high fasting plasma glucose, and smoking were related to Tunisia, Qatar, and Lebanon, respectively. Between 1990 and 2019, TB- related incidence, prevalence, death, and DALYs rate have decreased by 53%, 42.19%, 76.20%, and 75.95% in MENA region, respectively.
 Conclusion: TB has continued to decrease in prevalence, incidence, death, and DALYs rates in the MENA region, although, nowadays with the COVID-19 pandemic, societies may face more challenges for TB prevention, detection, treatment, and rehabilitation.
 Keywords: Tuberculosis; disability; burden of disease; DALY; MENA.","PeriodicalId":7853,"journal":{"name":"African Health Sciences","volume":"12 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136211824","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background: Respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) is the leading cause of respiratory failure and death of a neonate in today's world, especially in developing countries like Ethiopia.
Methods: We used an institutional-based cross-sectional study in the selected hospitals of the Gurage zone admitted from June 2019 to June 2021. The data were collected using a structured questionnaire. Data were entered into Epi data 3.1 and exported to SPSS version 25 for analysis.
Result: The prevalence of respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) in the study area was 45.1%. The odds of RDS in neonates from mothers with gestational age between 35 &37 were 3.99 times higher compared to term gestation. The odds of RDS among neonates with jaundice and sepsis are 4.33- and 1.92-times higher odds compared to their counterparts. The odds of RDS in neonates born via Caesarean section were 1.7 times higher compared with those delivered via spontaneous and instrumental delivery. RDS was also higher in neonates born to mothers <20 years of age and >=35 years old.
Conclusion: the prevalence of RDS in the study area was high. Thus, healthcare providers should act on those factors with appropriate follow-up for early detection of the problem and prevent the risk.
Keywords: Respiratory distress syndrome; neonate.
背景:呼吸窘迫综合征(RDS)是当今世界新生儿呼吸衰竭和死亡的主要原因，特别是在埃塞俄比亚等发展中国家。方法:我们对2019年6月至2021年6月入住的古拉格地区选定医院进行了基于机构的横断面研究。数据是通过结构化问卷收集的。数据输入Epi Data 3.1，导出到SPSS 25版进行分析。
结果:研究区呼吸窘迫综合征(RDS)患病率为45.1%。孕龄在35 ~ 37岁的母亲所生的新生儿患RDS的几率是足月的3.99倍。患有黄疸和败血症的新生儿发生RDS的几率分别是其他新生儿的4.33倍和1.92倍。剖腹产出生的新生儿发生RDS的几率是自然分娩和器械分娩的1.7倍。20岁和35岁母亲所生的新生儿RDS也更高。结论:研究区RDS患病率较高。因此，医疗保健提供者应针对这些因素采取行动，并进行适当的随访，以便及早发现问题并预防风险。
关键词:呼吸窘迫综合征;新生儿。
{"title":"Prevalence and factors associated with neonatal acute respiratory distress syndrome among neonates admitted to the neonatal intensive care units of Gurage zone public hospital, South West Ethiopia","authors":"Bogale Chekole, Terefe Tamene Fetene, Tenaw Shegaw Geze, Zewudie Bitew Tefera, Gebre Eyesus Fisha Alebel, Amare Kassaw, Walle Belete Gelaw, Zeleke Fentahun Tamene, Yemsirach Mira, Tesfu Mulatu, Derartu Deressa","doi":"10.4314/ahs.v23i3.20","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/ahs.v23i3.20","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) is the leading cause of respiratory failure and death of a neonate in today's world, especially in developing countries like Ethiopia.
 Methods: We used an institutional-based cross-sectional study in the selected hospitals of the Gurage zone admitted from June 2019 to June 2021. The data were collected using a structured questionnaire. Data were entered into Epi data 3.1 and exported to SPSS version 25 for analysis.
 Result: The prevalence of respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) in the study area was 45.1%. The odds of RDS in neonates from mothers with gestational age between 35 &37 were 3.99 times higher compared to term gestation. The odds of RDS among neonates with jaundice and sepsis are 4.33- and 1.92-times higher odds compared to their counterparts. The odds of RDS in neonates born via Caesarean section were 1.7 times higher compared with those delivered via spontaneous and instrumental delivery. RDS was also higher in neonates born to mothers <20 years of age and >=35 years old.
 Conclusion: the prevalence of RDS in the study area was high. Thus, healthcare providers should act on those factors with appropriate follow-up for early detection of the problem and prevent the risk.
 Keywords: Respiratory distress syndrome; neonate.","PeriodicalId":7853,"journal":{"name":"African Health Sciences","volume":"126 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136211966","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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