Objective: To explore the clinical value of central venous pressure (CVP) + inferior vena cava respiratory variability (VIVC) in fluid resuscitation in spontaneously breathing patients with septic shock.
Methods: In retrospective observational study, during October 2019 to December 2021, 145 patients with septic shock treated in our hospital were enrolled by the method of observational study. According to the change rate of cardiac output (△ CO) ≥15% or △ CO<15% after 30 minutes, they were assigned into volume-responsive and volume-unresponsive group depending early fluid resuscitation in sepsis. The clinical value of combination of CVP and VIVC in predicting fluid resuscitation in patients with septic shock was compared.
Results: The CVP of the study group was higher at 12h and 24h after fluid resuscitation, and the VIVC level of the study group at 6h, 12h and 24h after fluid resuscitation was higher (P<0.05). Pearson correlation analysis indicated that CVP, and VIVC levels were noticeably correlated with fluid resuscitation in patients with septic shock (P<0.05). The area under curve (AUC) of receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) of CVP for predicting fluid resuscitation in septic shock patients was 0.694 and the cut-off value was 0.932, the sensitivity was 46.9%, and the specificity was 87.5%. VIVC predicted fluid resuscitation in septic shock patients with an AUC of 0.776, which was a cut-off value of 0.688, a sensitivity of 50.0%, and a specificity of 90.0%. Combination of CVP and VIVC predicted fluid resuscitation in septic shock patients with an AUC of 0.948, which was a cut-off value of 1.420, a sensitivity of 90.6%, and a specificity of 87.5%.
Conclusion: Combination of CVP and VIVC may have a good effect on the evaluation of volume responsiveness in patients with septic shock, which is better than single CVP and VIVC. Combination of CVP and VIVC can be adopted to predict fluid responsiveness volume responsiveness in septic shock patients, which is of great significance for guiding clinical fluid responsiveness therapy.
Keywords: Septic shock; fluid resuscitation; CVP; VIVC.
{"title":"Clinical value of CVP+VIVC in predicting fluid resuscitation in patients with septic shock","authors":"Haitao Zhang, Chang Liu, Aiping Cao, Qiong Hang","doi":"10.4314/ahs.v23i3.52","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/ahs.v23i3.52","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: To explore the clinical value of central venous pressure (CVP) + inferior vena cava respiratory variability (VIVC) in fluid resuscitation in spontaneously breathing patients with septic shock.
 Methods: In retrospective observational study, during October 2019 to December 2021, 145 patients with septic shock treated in our hospital were enrolled by the method of observational study. According to the change rate of cardiac output (△ CO) ≥15% or △ CO<15% after 30 minutes, they were assigned into volume-responsive and volume-unresponsive group depending early fluid resuscitation in sepsis. The clinical value of combination of CVP and VIVC in predicting fluid resuscitation in patients with septic shock was compared.
 Results: The CVP of the study group was higher at 12h and 24h after fluid resuscitation, and the VIVC level of the study group at 6h, 12h and 24h after fluid resuscitation was higher (P<0.05). Pearson correlation analysis indicated that CVP, and VIVC levels were noticeably correlated with fluid resuscitation in patients with septic shock (P<0.05). The area under curve (AUC) of receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) of CVP for predicting fluid resuscitation in septic shock patients was 0.694 and the cut-off value was 0.932, the sensitivity was 46.9%, and the specificity was 87.5%. VIVC predicted fluid resuscitation in septic shock patients with an AUC of 0.776, which was a cut-off value of 0.688, a sensitivity of 50.0%, and a specificity of 90.0%. Combination of CVP and VIVC predicted fluid resuscitation in septic shock patients with an AUC of 0.948, which was a cut-off value of 1.420, a sensitivity of 90.6%, and a specificity of 87.5%.
 Conclusion: Combination of CVP and VIVC may have a good effect on the evaluation of volume responsiveness in patients with septic shock, which is better than single CVP and VIVC. Combination of CVP and VIVC can be adopted to predict fluid responsiveness volume responsiveness in septic shock patients, which is of great significance for guiding clinical fluid responsiveness therapy.
 Keywords: Septic shock; fluid resuscitation; CVP; VIVC.","PeriodicalId":7853,"journal":{"name":"African Health Sciences","volume":"9 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136213632","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Martina C Agbo, Kenneth O Ugwu, Boniface N Ukwah, Ifeoma M Ezeonu
Background: P. aeruginosa is an important nosocomial pathogen with increasing resistance to antibiotics. Objective: This studywas performed to evaluate the genetic relatedness of MDR clinical isolates of P. aeruginosa.
Method: A total of 1000 samples were analysed in the study. Antibiotic resistance profiles of the isolates were determined usingKirby Bauer disk diffusion method. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and sequencing were simultaneously used to detect theconsensus region of 16S rRNA. Genetic relatedness of the isolates was determined using restriction patterns from ALU 1 digestand random amplified polymorphic DNA.
Results: Out of the 192 P. aeruginosa isolates recovered, 136 (78.83%) were multidrug resistant. Sequence analysis of the confirmedisolates (80.68%) revealed that all the isolates shared homology with each other and also showed sequence similarity toknown strains of P. aeruginosa (ATCC 27853; KT 315654; KU 321274 and KT894767). The PCR-Restriction fragment lengthpolymorphism (PCR-RFLP) analysis revealed that there was a lot of genetic relatedness among the isolates. The RFLP fingerprinting technique detected seven distinct RFLP types among the isolates.
Conclusions: Thus, study shows that there is high prevalence of MDRPA and high degree of genetic relatedness among theMDRPA isolates circulating in Nsukka area.
Keywords: MDRPA; PCR-RFLP; RAPD; Sequencing; 16S rRNA gene.
{"title":"Molecular characterization of multidrug resistant (MDR) clinical isolates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa from Nsukka, South Eastern Nigeria","authors":"Martina C Agbo, Kenneth O Ugwu, Boniface N Ukwah, Ifeoma M Ezeonu","doi":"10.4314/ahs.v23i3.57","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/ahs.v23i3.57","url":null,"abstract":"Background: P. aeruginosa is an important nosocomial pathogen with increasing resistance to antibiotics. Objective: This studywas performed to evaluate the genetic relatedness of MDR clinical isolates of P. aeruginosa.
 Method: A total of 1000 samples were analysed in the study. Antibiotic resistance profiles of the isolates were determined usingKirby Bauer disk diffusion method. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and sequencing were simultaneously used to detect theconsensus region of 16S rRNA. Genetic relatedness of the isolates was determined using restriction patterns from ALU 1 digestand random amplified polymorphic DNA.
 Results: Out of the 192 P. aeruginosa isolates recovered, 136 (78.83%) were multidrug resistant. Sequence analysis of the confirmedisolates (80.68%) revealed that all the isolates shared homology with each other and also showed sequence similarity toknown strains of P. aeruginosa (ATCC 27853; KT 315654; KU 321274 and KT894767). The PCR-Restriction fragment lengthpolymorphism (PCR-RFLP) analysis revealed that there was a lot of genetic relatedness among the isolates. The RFLP fingerprinting technique detected seven distinct RFLP types among the isolates.
 Conclusions: Thus, study shows that there is high prevalence of MDRPA and high degree of genetic relatedness among theMDRPA isolates circulating in Nsukka area.
 Keywords: MDRPA; PCR-RFLP; RAPD; Sequencing; 16S rRNA gene.","PeriodicalId":7853,"journal":{"name":"African Health Sciences","volume":"50 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136213778","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abderrahmane Jallouli, Karima El Fakiri, Houda Nassih, Rabiy EL Qadiry, Aicha Bourrahouat, Imane Ait Sab, Noureddine Rada, Ghizlane Draiss, Mohammed Bouskraoui
Background: The world is currently facing a pandemic due to a new species of the Coronaviridae family called SARS-CoV-2,discovered in the city of Wuhan in China in December 2019. The WHO has named the resulting disease COVID-19 (CoronavirusDisease 2019). It has been a global health problem due to its major socio-economic damage. The aim of this study was toshow the prevalence of gastrointestinal and hepatic manifestations in symptomatic children with COVID-19.
Methods: We performed a retrospective study, including 36 symptomatic children infected by SARS-CoV-2 hospitalized at themother and child hospital of university hospital of Mohammed VI, Marrakech in Morocco, over a period of 7 months. Clinicaland biological manifestations of the digestive system were evaluated for all patients.
Results: The digestive symptomatology came in second place after the respiratory manifestations. 14 patients (38.89 % ofsymptomatic patients) in our study had digestive symptoms on admission: 12 (33.33%) presented with diarrhea, 4 (11.11%) hadabdominal pain and only one child (2.78%) had vomiting. Aspartate aminotransferase (AST) was elevated in one patient, whilealanine transaminase (ALT) was elevated in 6 patients. The prothrombin level was normal in all patients. All patients were dischargedwith good general condition without morbidity and mortality.
Conclusion: This study concludes with the high prevalence of digestive manifestations of COVID-19 in symptomatic children.There were no severe clinical or biological abnormalities in our study. Digestive manifestations during COVID-19 in childrenare frequent, which requires the awareness of health professionals
Keywords: COVID-19; digestive manifestations; children.
{"title":"Digestive manifestations of Covid-19 in children: a retrospective study","authors":"Abderrahmane Jallouli, Karima El Fakiri, Houda Nassih, Rabiy EL Qadiry, Aicha Bourrahouat, Imane Ait Sab, Noureddine Rada, Ghizlane Draiss, Mohammed Bouskraoui","doi":"10.4314/ahs.v23i3.22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/ahs.v23i3.22","url":null,"abstract":"Background: The world is currently facing a pandemic due to a new species of the Coronaviridae family called SARS-CoV-2,discovered in the city of Wuhan in China in December 2019. The WHO has named the resulting disease COVID-19 (CoronavirusDisease 2019). It has been a global health problem due to its major socio-economic damage. The aim of this study was toshow the prevalence of gastrointestinal and hepatic manifestations in symptomatic children with COVID-19.
 Methods: We performed a retrospective study, including 36 symptomatic children infected by SARS-CoV-2 hospitalized at themother and child hospital of university hospital of Mohammed VI, Marrakech in Morocco, over a period of 7 months. Clinicaland biological manifestations of the digestive system were evaluated for all patients.
 Results: The digestive symptomatology came in second place after the respiratory manifestations. 14 patients (38.89 % ofsymptomatic patients) in our study had digestive symptoms on admission: 12 (33.33%) presented with diarrhea, 4 (11.11%) hadabdominal pain and only one child (2.78%) had vomiting. Aspartate aminotransferase (AST) was elevated in one patient, whilealanine transaminase (ALT) was elevated in 6 patients. The prothrombin level was normal in all patients. All patients were dischargedwith good general condition without morbidity and mortality.
 Conclusion: This study concludes with the high prevalence of digestive manifestations of COVID-19 in symptomatic children.There were no severe clinical or biological abnormalities in our study. Digestive manifestations during COVID-19 in childrenare frequent, which requires the awareness of health professionals
 Keywords: COVID-19; digestive manifestations; children.","PeriodicalId":7853,"journal":{"name":"African Health Sciences","volume":"38 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136213928","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Objective: Serum creatinine (SCr) is not a sensitive and reliable index for the early diagnosis of acute kidney injury caused bycontrast-induced nephropathy (CIN). The aim of this study was to explore the values of serum neutrophil gelatinase-associatedlipocalin (NGAL) and cystatin C (Cys-C) after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) for the early diagnosis of CIN.
Methods: Three hundred patients receiving PCI from January 2018 to December 2020 were assigned to a CIN group (n=25)and a non-CIN group (n=275), respectively. SCr, Cys-C and NGAL levels were measured, and their sensitivities for early CINdiagnosis were evaluated by the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) values.
Results: The NGAL and Cys-C levels of the CIN group began to rise 6 and 12 h after operation, respectively (P<0.05). TheCIN group had higher NGAL and Cys-C levels than those of the non-CIN group 12, 24 and 48 h after operation (P<0.05). TheAUC values of NGAL, Cys-C and SCr 24 h after operation were 0.885, 0.874 and 0.856, respectively.
Conclusion: The serum NGAL and Cys-C levels of patients after PCI reflect the early changes of renal function, which arevaluable for early CIN diagnosis.
Keywords: Contrast; cystatin C; nephropathy; neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin; percutaneous coronary intervention.
{"title":"Values of serum neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin and cystatin C after percutaneous coronary intervention for early diagnosis of contrast-induced nephropathy","authors":"Ping Luo, Wei Ao, Dikai Xiang, Jian Wang, Jia Liu","doi":"10.4314/ahs.v23i3.69","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/ahs.v23i3.69","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: Serum creatinine (SCr) is not a sensitive and reliable index for the early diagnosis of acute kidney injury caused bycontrast-induced nephropathy (CIN). The aim of this study was to explore the values of serum neutrophil gelatinase-associatedlipocalin (NGAL) and cystatin C (Cys-C) after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) for the early diagnosis of CIN.
 Methods: Three hundred patients receiving PCI from January 2018 to December 2020 were assigned to a CIN group (n=25)and a non-CIN group (n=275), respectively. SCr, Cys-C and NGAL levels were measured, and their sensitivities for early CINdiagnosis were evaluated by the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) values.
 Results: The NGAL and Cys-C levels of the CIN group began to rise 6 and 12 h after operation, respectively (P<0.05). TheCIN group had higher NGAL and Cys-C levels than those of the non-CIN group 12, 24 and 48 h after operation (P<0.05). TheAUC values of NGAL, Cys-C and SCr 24 h after operation were 0.885, 0.874 and 0.856, respectively.
 Conclusion: The serum NGAL and Cys-C levels of patients after PCI reflect the early changes of renal function, which arevaluable for early CIN diagnosis.
 Keywords: Contrast; cystatin C; nephropathy; neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin; percutaneous coronary intervention.","PeriodicalId":7853,"journal":{"name":"African Health Sciences","volume":"3 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136214053","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Awoere T Chinawa, Edmund N Ossai, Paul C Odinka, Obinna C Nduaguba, Jaclyn I Odinka, Ann E Aronu, Josephat M Chinawa
Background: Adolescent problem gambling is a common behavioural issue and could be associated with internet addiction.
Objectives: To determine the pattern of problem gambling and factors that predict gambling among adolescents that attendedsecondary schools in southeast Nigeria.
Methodology: This is a cross-sectional study design. A three-stage sampling technique was used to select 796 secondary schooladolescents from eight secondary schools in Enugu State, Nigeria.
Results: The highest proportion of the respondents, 38.3% had problem gambling with negative consequences. There was aweak positive correlation between gambling severity index and internet addiction. (n=796, r=0.254, p<0.001). There is a veryweak negative correlation between gambling severity index and age in years. (n=796, r= -0.034, p=0.331).The male respondents were 1.5 times more likely to have problem gambling when compared with the females, (AOR=1.5;(95%CI: 1.1-2.0). The respondents who have internet addiction were 3.5 times more likely to have problem gambling whencompared with those who do not have an internet addiction, (AOR=3.5; 95%CI: 2.6-4.8).
Conclusion: The prevalence of gambling among adolescents is high. Adolescents who had problem gambling also had internetaddiction. The male respondents were more likely to have problem gambling than their female folk.
Keywords: Problem gambling; secondary school; adolescents; internet addiction; gambling severity index.
{"title":"Problem gambling among secondary school adolescents in Enugu, Nigeria","authors":"Awoere T Chinawa, Edmund N Ossai, Paul C Odinka, Obinna C Nduaguba, Jaclyn I Odinka, Ann E Aronu, Josephat M Chinawa","doi":"10.4314/ahs.v23i3.86","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/ahs.v23i3.86","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Adolescent problem gambling is a common behavioural issue and could be associated with internet addiction.
 Objectives: To determine the pattern of problem gambling and factors that predict gambling among adolescents that attendedsecondary schools in southeast Nigeria.
 Methodology: This is a cross-sectional study design. A three-stage sampling technique was used to select 796 secondary schooladolescents from eight secondary schools in Enugu State, Nigeria.
 Results: The highest proportion of the respondents, 38.3% had problem gambling with negative consequences. There was aweak positive correlation between gambling severity index and internet addiction. (n=796, r=0.254, p<0.001). There is a veryweak negative correlation between gambling severity index and age in years. (n=796, r= -0.034, p=0.331).The male respondents were 1.5 times more likely to have problem gambling when compared with the females, (AOR=1.5;(95%CI: 1.1-2.0). The respondents who have internet addiction were 3.5 times more likely to have problem gambling whencompared with those who do not have an internet addiction, (AOR=3.5; 95%CI: 2.6-4.8).
 Conclusion: The prevalence of gambling among adolescents is high. Adolescents who had problem gambling also had internetaddiction. The male respondents were more likely to have problem gambling than their female folk.
 Keywords: Problem gambling; secondary school; adolescents; internet addiction; gambling severity index.","PeriodicalId":7853,"journal":{"name":"African Health Sciences","volume":"26 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136211817","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Mehdi Moradinazar, Zienab Mohseni Afshar, Uosef Ramazani, Mohammad Shakiba, Maria Shirvani, Sara Darvishi
Introduction: Tuberculosis (TB) is a preventable and curable disease, although, it still causes more than one million deaths annually. Therefore, the aim of this study was to measure the epidemiological status and the burden of TB in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) countries.
Methods: The study population included 21 countries in the MENA region, covering a population of about 400 million. The Global Burden of Disease (GBD) 2019 database was used. The case definition comprises all forms of TB, containing pulmonary and extra pulmonary TB, which are bacteriologically approved or clinically diagnosed. The prevalence, incidence, death, and the disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) rates per 100,000 people for all national locations by standardized age rates (ASR) were measured.
Results: In 2019, Afghanistan had the highest TB-related incidence 85.09 (95% UI, 73.69_98.46), death 21.91 (95% UI, 13.44_29.78), and DALYs rate 695.21 (95% UI, 454.34_939.49). The highest prevalence rates of TB were in Egypt 28935.42 (95% UI, 26125.54_32251.01). The highest TB-related DALYs rate was attributed to alcohol use, high fasting plasma glucose, and smoking were related to Tunisia, Qatar, and Lebanon, respectively. Between 1990 and 2019, TB- related incidence, prevalence, death, and DALYs rate have decreased by 53%, 42.19%, 76.20%, and 75.95% in MENA region, respectively.
Conclusion: TB has continued to decrease in prevalence, incidence, death, and DALYs rates in the MENA region, although, nowadays with the COVID-19 pandemic, societies may face more challenges for TB prevention, detection, treatment, and rehabilitation.
Keywords: Tuberculosis; disability; burden of disease; DALY; MENA.
{"title":"Epidemiological features of tuberculosis in the Middle East and North Africa from 1990 to 2019: results from the global burden of disease Study 2019","authors":"Mehdi Moradinazar, Zienab Mohseni Afshar, Uosef Ramazani, Mohammad Shakiba, Maria Shirvani, Sara Darvishi","doi":"10.4314/ahs.v23i3.43","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/ahs.v23i3.43","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Tuberculosis (TB) is a preventable and curable disease, although, it still causes more than one million deaths annually. Therefore, the aim of this study was to measure the epidemiological status and the burden of TB in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) countries.
 Methods: The study population included 21 countries in the MENA region, covering a population of about 400 million. The Global Burden of Disease (GBD) 2019 database was used. The case definition comprises all forms of TB, containing pulmonary and extra pulmonary TB, which are bacteriologically approved or clinically diagnosed. The prevalence, incidence, death, and the disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) rates per 100,000 people for all national locations by standardized age rates (ASR) were measured.
 Results: In 2019, Afghanistan had the highest TB-related incidence 85.09 (95% UI, 73.69_98.46), death 21.91 (95% UI, 13.44_29.78), and DALYs rate 695.21 (95% UI, 454.34_939.49). The highest prevalence rates of TB were in Egypt 28935.42 (95% UI, 26125.54_32251.01). The highest TB-related DALYs rate was attributed to alcohol use, high fasting plasma glucose, and smoking were related to Tunisia, Qatar, and Lebanon, respectively. Between 1990 and 2019, TB- related incidence, prevalence, death, and DALYs rate have decreased by 53%, 42.19%, 76.20%, and 75.95% in MENA region, respectively.
 Conclusion: TB has continued to decrease in prevalence, incidence, death, and DALYs rates in the MENA region, although, nowadays with the COVID-19 pandemic, societies may face more challenges for TB prevention, detection, treatment, and rehabilitation.
 Keywords: Tuberculosis; disability; burden of disease; DALY; MENA.","PeriodicalId":7853,"journal":{"name":"African Health Sciences","volume":"12 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136211824","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background: Respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) is the leading cause of respiratory failure and death of a neonate in today's world, especially in developing countries like Ethiopia.
Methods: We used an institutional-based cross-sectional study in the selected hospitals of the Gurage zone admitted from June 2019 to June 2021. The data were collected using a structured questionnaire. Data were entered into Epi data 3.1 and exported to SPSS version 25 for analysis.
Result: The prevalence of respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) in the study area was 45.1%. The odds of RDS in neonates from mothers with gestational age between 35 &37 were 3.99 times higher compared to term gestation. The odds of RDS among neonates with jaundice and sepsis are 4.33- and 1.92-times higher odds compared to their counterparts. The odds of RDS in neonates born via Caesarean section were 1.7 times higher compared with those delivered via spontaneous and instrumental delivery. RDS was also higher in neonates born to mothers <20 years of age and >=35 years old.
Conclusion: the prevalence of RDS in the study area was high. Thus, healthcare providers should act on those factors with appropriate follow-up for early detection of the problem and prevent the risk.
Keywords: Respiratory distress syndrome; neonate.
背景:呼吸窘迫综合征(RDS)是当今世界新生儿呼吸衰竭和死亡的主要原因，特别是在埃塞俄比亚等发展中国家。方法:我们对2019年6月至2021年6月入住的古拉格地区选定医院进行了基于机构的横断面研究。数据是通过结构化问卷收集的。数据输入Epi Data 3.1，导出到SPSS 25版进行分析。
结果:研究区呼吸窘迫综合征(RDS)患病率为45.1%。孕龄在35 ~ 37岁的母亲所生的新生儿患RDS的几率是足月的3.99倍。患有黄疸和败血症的新生儿发生RDS的几率分别是其他新生儿的4.33倍和1.92倍。剖腹产出生的新生儿发生RDS的几率是自然分娩和器械分娩的1.7倍。20岁和35岁母亲所生的新生儿RDS也更高。结论:研究区RDS患病率较高。因此，医疗保健提供者应针对这些因素采取行动，并进行适当的随访，以便及早发现问题并预防风险。
关键词:呼吸窘迫综合征;新生儿。
{"title":"Prevalence and factors associated with neonatal acute respiratory distress syndrome among neonates admitted to the neonatal intensive care units of Gurage zone public hospital, South West Ethiopia","authors":"Bogale Chekole, Terefe Tamene Fetene, Tenaw Shegaw Geze, Zewudie Bitew Tefera, Gebre Eyesus Fisha Alebel, Amare Kassaw, Walle Belete Gelaw, Zeleke Fentahun Tamene, Yemsirach Mira, Tesfu Mulatu, Derartu Deressa","doi":"10.4314/ahs.v23i3.20","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/ahs.v23i3.20","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) is the leading cause of respiratory failure and death of a neonate in today's world, especially in developing countries like Ethiopia.
 Methods: We used an institutional-based cross-sectional study in the selected hospitals of the Gurage zone admitted from June 2019 to June 2021. The data were collected using a structured questionnaire. Data were entered into Epi data 3.1 and exported to SPSS version 25 for analysis.
 Result: The prevalence of respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) in the study area was 45.1%. The odds of RDS in neonates from mothers with gestational age between 35 &37 were 3.99 times higher compared to term gestation. The odds of RDS among neonates with jaundice and sepsis are 4.33- and 1.92-times higher odds compared to their counterparts. The odds of RDS in neonates born via Caesarean section were 1.7 times higher compared with those delivered via spontaneous and instrumental delivery. RDS was also higher in neonates born to mothers <20 years of age and >=35 years old.
 Conclusion: the prevalence of RDS in the study area was high. Thus, healthcare providers should act on those factors with appropriate follow-up for early detection of the problem and prevent the risk.
 Keywords: Respiratory distress syndrome; neonate.","PeriodicalId":7853,"journal":{"name":"African Health Sciences","volume":"126 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136211966","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Objective: To assess the influence of feedforward control-based health education intervention on the compliance, visual functionand self-perceived burden (SPB) among patients with diabetic retinopathy (DR).
Methods: Eighty-six DR patients were divided into feedforward control and control groups (n=43). The control group wasgiven routine nursing intervention, based on which the feedforward control group received feedforward control-based healtheducation intervention. The health behavior indices were compared after intervention. The correlations of QOL score with SPBscore and health behavior indices were analysed using Pearson’s and Spearman’s coefficients.
Results: After intervention, the total QOL score and scores of symptoms and visual function, physical function, social activity,and mentality and psychology were significantly improved compared with those before intervention, which were significantlyhigher in the feedforward control group (P<0.05). SPB score was significantly lower in the two groups after intervention thanthat before intervention, particularly in the feedforward control group (P<0.05). The QOL score of DR patients was significantlynegatively correlated with SPB score but positively correlated with health behavior indices (P<0.05).
Conclusion: The feedforward control-based health education intervention mode is beneficial for guiding DR patients to promotevisual function recovery and to reduce SPB.
Keywords: Correlation; diabetic retinopathy; feedforward control; health education; self-perceived burden; visual function.
{"title":"Influence of feedforward control-based health education intervention on compliance, visual function and self-perceived burden among patients with diabetic retinopathy","authors":"Jia Wang, Huanyu Tang","doi":"10.4314/ahs.v23i3.39","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/ahs.v23i3.39","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: To assess the influence of feedforward control-based health education intervention on the compliance, visual functionand self-perceived burden (SPB) among patients with diabetic retinopathy (DR).
 Methods: Eighty-six DR patients were divided into feedforward control and control groups (n=43). The control group wasgiven routine nursing intervention, based on which the feedforward control group received feedforward control-based healtheducation intervention. The health behavior indices were compared after intervention. The correlations of QOL score with SPBscore and health behavior indices were analysed using Pearson’s and Spearman’s coefficients.
 Results: After intervention, the total QOL score and scores of symptoms and visual function, physical function, social activity,and mentality and psychology were significantly improved compared with those before intervention, which were significantlyhigher in the feedforward control group (P<0.05). SPB score was significantly lower in the two groups after intervention thanthat before intervention, particularly in the feedforward control group (P<0.05). The QOL score of DR patients was significantlynegatively correlated with SPB score but positively correlated with health behavior indices (P<0.05).
 Conclusion: The feedforward control-based health education intervention mode is beneficial for guiding DR patients to promotevisual function recovery and to reduce SPB.
 Keywords: Correlation; diabetic retinopathy; feedforward control; health education; self-perceived burden; visual function.","PeriodicalId":7853,"journal":{"name":"African Health Sciences","volume":"26 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136212126","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Aim: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is marked by the deterioration of kidney function and derangement in lipid metabolism.Thus, we aim at evaluating the lipid and nutritional parameters of Caribbean patients with CKD.
Methods: The study recruited 88 CKD patients and 105 apparently healthy subjects. Blood glucose, urea, creatinine, albumin,uric acid, total cholesterol, triglycerides, HDL-cholesterol, VLDL, and LDL were measured in duplicate on the Vitros 4600Multi-Channel Chemistry Auto-Analyzer (Johnson & Johnson Ortho-Clinical Diagnostics Inc., Rochester NY, USA) in our laboratory.The Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS, version 20) was used for statistical analysis.
Results: Mean levels of diastolic blood pressure (p < 0.05), age, and systolic blood pressure between the patients and thehealthy controls (p < 0.001) were different. In addition, mean levels of BUN (p < 0.05), serum creatinine, and uric acid werehigher and eGFR lower in the patients compared with the healthy controls (p < 0.001). The mean levels of albumin, glucose,triglycerides, HDL-cholesterol, and VLDL (p < 0.001) also differed between patients and healthy controls. Negative correlationbetween eGFR and triglycerides and a positive correlation between eGFR and total cholesterol, HDL-c and LDL were observed.The prevalence of hypoalbuminemia, hypercholesterolemia and underweight were 27.27%, 57.95% and 4.55% respectively inpatients, compared with 10.48%, 44.74% and 2.86% respectively in healthy controls.
Conclusion: Dyslipidemia is common in CKD patients and is therefore, imperative that, routine lipid profile analysis be detailedin order to check any trend towards the development of CVD.
Keywords: Cardiovascular diseases; chronic kidney disease; dyslipidemia; estimated glomerular filtration rate; kidney; malnutrition;parameter; risk factor.
{"title":"Lipid and nutritional profiles of Caribbean patients with chronic kidney disease","authors":"Saleh Idris","doi":"10.4314/ahs.v23i3.75","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/ahs.v23i3.75","url":null,"abstract":"Aim: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is marked by the deterioration of kidney function and derangement in lipid metabolism.Thus, we aim at evaluating the lipid and nutritional parameters of Caribbean patients with CKD.
 Methods: The study recruited 88 CKD patients and 105 apparently healthy subjects. Blood glucose, urea, creatinine, albumin,uric acid, total cholesterol, triglycerides, HDL-cholesterol, VLDL, and LDL were measured in duplicate on the Vitros 4600Multi-Channel Chemistry Auto-Analyzer (Johnson & Johnson Ortho-Clinical Diagnostics Inc., Rochester NY, USA) in our laboratory.The Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS, version 20) was used for statistical analysis.
 Results: Mean levels of diastolic blood pressure (p < 0.05), age, and systolic blood pressure between the patients and thehealthy controls (p < 0.001) were different. In addition, mean levels of BUN (p < 0.05), serum creatinine, and uric acid werehigher and eGFR lower in the patients compared with the healthy controls (p < 0.001). The mean levels of albumin, glucose,triglycerides, HDL-cholesterol, and VLDL (p < 0.001) also differed between patients and healthy controls. Negative correlationbetween eGFR and triglycerides and a positive correlation between eGFR and total cholesterol, HDL-c and LDL were observed.The prevalence of hypoalbuminemia, hypercholesterolemia and underweight were 27.27%, 57.95% and 4.55% respectively inpatients, compared with 10.48%, 44.74% and 2.86% respectively in healthy controls.
 Conclusion: Dyslipidemia is common in CKD patients and is therefore, imperative that, routine lipid profile analysis be detailedin order to check any trend towards the development of CVD.
 Keywords: Cardiovascular diseases; chronic kidney disease; dyslipidemia; estimated glomerular filtration rate; kidney; malnutrition;parameter; risk factor.","PeriodicalId":7853,"journal":{"name":"African Health Sciences","volume":"36 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136213324","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background: With the onset of the South African democracy in 1994 it was hoped that many social inequalities would beaddressed urgently. However, studies have shown that service delivery inaccessibility remains a challenge and investigating thesocial implications of such injustices remains important.
Objective: This study determined to establish the association between service delivery inaccessibility and adolescent pregnancyin South Africa.
Methods: Using data from 2019 and 2021 general household surveys, 7 737 teenage females were included. The study applieddescriptive statistics, chi-squared testing as well as multilevel binary logistic regression.
Results: Random-intercept multilevel binary logistic regression revealed that the risk of adolescent pregnancy independently increased as the level of service inaccessibility increased at household level (no services: OR=1.73, 1 service: OR=1.40, 2 services:OR=1.28) and community level (medium: OR=1.22, high: OR=1.38) at a P-value of 0.05.
Conclusion: Findings highlight the need to guarantee universal service delivery urgently not only for development, but also toprevent adolescent pregnancy. Furthermore, the findings present evidence of structural factors driving adolescent pregnancy inSouth Africa, which renders continued cycles of poverty, injustice and early pregnancy amongst the majority of Blacks.
Keywords: Teenage pregnancy; service inaccessibility; multilevel modelling; South Africa; structural inequality; teenagers.
{"title":"Service delivery inaccessibility as a predictor of teenage pregnancy in South Africa","authors":"Mkwanazi Sibusiso","doi":"10.4314/ahs.v23i3.9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/ahs.v23i3.9","url":null,"abstract":"Background: With the onset of the South African democracy in 1994 it was hoped that many social inequalities would beaddressed urgently. However, studies have shown that service delivery inaccessibility remains a challenge and investigating thesocial implications of such injustices remains important.
 Objective: This study determined to establish the association between service delivery inaccessibility and adolescent pregnancyin South Africa.
 Methods: Using data from 2019 and 2021 general household surveys, 7 737 teenage females were included. The study applieddescriptive statistics, chi-squared testing as well as multilevel binary logistic regression.
 Results: Random-intercept multilevel binary logistic regression revealed that the risk of adolescent pregnancy independently increased as the level of service inaccessibility increased at household level (no services: OR=1.73, 1 service: OR=1.40, 2 services:OR=1.28) and community level (medium: OR=1.22, high: OR=1.38) at a P-value of 0.05.
 Conclusion: Findings highlight the need to guarantee universal service delivery urgently not only for development, but also toprevent adolescent pregnancy. Furthermore, the findings present evidence of structural factors driving adolescent pregnancy inSouth Africa, which renders continued cycles of poverty, injustice and early pregnancy amongst the majority of Blacks.
 Keywords: Teenage pregnancy; service inaccessibility; multilevel modelling; South Africa; structural inequality; teenagers.","PeriodicalId":7853,"journal":{"name":"African Health Sciences","volume":"11 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136213463","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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