Mit einem Anteil von 2,4% aller Krebstoten ist das Ösophaguskarzinom zwar insgesamt verhältnismäßig selten, es stellt jedoch die häufigste Erkrankung der Speiseröhre dar. Die Behandlung ist auch heute noch im wesentlichen eine chirurgische. Die letzten großen Sammelstatistiken von POSTLETHWAIT und SEALY und von DUNLOP, die hauptsächlich Fälle der Jahre 1940 bis 1955 erfaßten, weisen noch verhältnismäßig schlechte Operationsergebnisse auf. Mit Rücksicht auf die großen Fortschritte in der chirurgischen Technik, den Anästhesiemethoden sowie in der Vorund Nachbehandlung scheint es daher gerechtfertigt, eine erneute Zusammenstellung der jüngsten im Schrifttum veröffentlichten Ergebnisse durchzuführen. Methodik
{"title":"[Results of surgical treatment of esophageal carcinomas].","authors":"R Zenker, W Seidel, H Borst, R Jülch","doi":"10.1055/s-0028-1100799","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0028-1100799","url":null,"abstract":"Mit einem Anteil von 2,4% aller Krebstoten ist das Ösophaguskarzinom zwar insgesamt verhältnismäßig selten, es stellt jedoch die häufigste Erkrankung der Speiseröhre dar. Die Behandlung ist auch heute noch im wesentlichen eine chirurgische. Die letzten großen Sammelstatistiken von POSTLETHWAIT und SEALY und von DUNLOP, die hauptsächlich Fälle der Jahre 1940 bis 1955 erfaßten, weisen noch verhältnismäßig schlechte Operationsergebnisse auf. Mit Rücksicht auf die großen Fortschritte in der chirurgischen Technik, den Anästhesiemethoden sowie in der Vorund Nachbehandlung scheint es daher gerechtfertigt, eine erneute Zusammenstellung der jüngsten im Schrifttum veröffentlichten Ergebnisse durchzuführen. Methodik","PeriodicalId":78796,"journal":{"name":"Thoraxchirurgie und vaskulare Chirurgie","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1966-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1055/s-0028-1100799","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"16324002","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"[Coronary surgery following myocardial infarct].","authors":"A Senning, K Krampf","doi":"10.1055/s-0028-1100797","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0028-1100797","url":null,"abstract":"ones ones ones","PeriodicalId":78796,"journal":{"name":"Thoraxchirurgie und vaskulare Chirurgie","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1966-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1055/s-0028-1100797","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"16324533","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"[Experiences with the surgical treatment of funnel chest].","authors":"H Kunz, F Helmer, L Howanietz","doi":"10.1055/s-0028-1101265","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0028-1101265","url":null,"abstract":"avitch avitch avitch","PeriodicalId":78796,"journal":{"name":"Thoraxchirurgie und vaskulare Chirurgie","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1966-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1055/s-0028-1101265","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"16324537","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
During the last 15 years I have had occasion to observe 54 cases of benign lung tumors. During the same period of time 1462 cases of malignant tumors were observed; the percentage of benign tumors represents 3.7%. If among the benign tumors we distinguish between those of epithelial and those of connective nature, the per cent drops to 2.1, which indicates the frequency of appearance of epithelial benign tumors compared to the malignant ones. As far as the connective type is concerned, the frequency of benign tumors in comparison to malignant ones amounts to 59 per cent, taking into account the rareness of malignant connective lung tumors. Of the 54 cases of lung tumors mentioned in the beginning, 32 were epithelial and 22 connective. From the histologic point of view, the 32 tumors of epithelial nature can be divided into papillomas and adenomas; of the former we have observed two cases, of the latter 27 can be defined as carcinoids, two as cylindromas and one as muco-epidermoid tumor. The connective tumors can be classified as fibromas (one case) and lipomas (4 cases), two of these being endobronchial. Three cases can be defined as "condromas", two of which are endobronchial. Finally, 14 cases are classified as „amartomas"; 3 of these were vascular and 11 cartilagenous, one of these being endobronchial. I shall deal in particular with the epithelial benign tumors. Also in my cases, as in most of the observations made, it is clear that the right lung is more often involved than the left. In fact, in 21 cases the tumor was localized in the right, and in 9 cases in the left lung. There is no difference as far as the sex is concerned. In the great majority of the cases, the carcinoid is located in the main bronchi, and more frequently in the lobar bronchi. The tumors which are found in the trachea or in the smaller bronchi, are in great minority. From the macroscopic point of view, they can be classified as endobronchial forms, free or extra-bronchial or "iceberg" tumors, and 'roundlike' or peripheral forms. The most frequent ones are the endobronchial forms. They can be sessile, pedunculated or ramified. In this latter case they appear as pseudo-polypoid masses in ovoid or ramified form of variable consistence, with a smooth and generally bright and shiny surface. The color depends on the density of vascularization. The ramifications extend to the peripheral bronchi, filling them and reproducing the form. The "iceberg" tumors observed by us had the characteristic disposition of a small endobronchial and a larger extrabronchial portion, always clearly separable the pulmonary parenchyma, although it lacks a real limiting capsule. The small, ball-like forms, which are parenchymatous may serve as example of the so-called "solitary nodule" of the lung. From the histologic viewpoint after the studies of FEYRTER and those of FLAMMIA, PICARDI and Pozzi , I see no longer any reason to differenciate intestinal and bronchial carcinoids. On
{"title":"Carcinoid of the bronchus.","authors":"P Valdoni","doi":"10.1055/s-0028-1101264","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0028-1101264","url":null,"abstract":"During the last 15 years I have had occasion to observe 54 cases of benign lung tumors. During the same period of time 1462 cases of malignant tumors were observed; the percentage of benign tumors represents 3.7%. If among the benign tumors we distinguish between those of epithelial and those of connective nature, the per cent drops to 2.1, which indicates the frequency of appearance of epithelial benign tumors compared to the malignant ones. As far as the connective type is concerned, the frequency of benign tumors in comparison to malignant ones amounts to 59 per cent, taking into account the rareness of malignant connective lung tumors. Of the 54 cases of lung tumors mentioned in the beginning, 32 were epithelial and 22 connective. From the histologic point of view, the 32 tumors of epithelial nature can be divided into papillomas and adenomas; of the former we have observed two cases, of the latter 27 can be defined as carcinoids, two as cylindromas and one as muco-epidermoid tumor. The connective tumors can be classified as fibromas (one case) and lipomas (4 cases), two of these being endobronchial. Three cases can be defined as \"condromas\", two of which are endobronchial. Finally, 14 cases are classified as „amartomas\"; 3 of these were vascular and 11 cartilagenous, one of these being endobronchial. I shall deal in particular with the epithelial benign tumors. Also in my cases, as in most of the observations made, it is clear that the right lung is more often involved than the left. In fact, in 21 cases the tumor was localized in the right, and in 9 cases in the left lung. There is no difference as far as the sex is concerned. In the great majority of the cases, the carcinoid is located in the main bronchi, and more frequently in the lobar bronchi. The tumors which are found in the trachea or in the smaller bronchi, are in great minority. From the macroscopic point of view, they can be classified as endobronchial forms, free or extra-bronchial or \"iceberg\" tumors, and 'roundlike' or peripheral forms. The most frequent ones are the endobronchial forms. They can be sessile, pedunculated or ramified. In this latter case they appear as pseudo-polypoid masses in ovoid or ramified form of variable consistence, with a smooth and generally bright and shiny surface. The color depends on the density of vascularization. The ramifications extend to the peripheral bronchi, filling them and reproducing the form. The \"iceberg\" tumors observed by us had the characteristic disposition of a small endobronchial and a larger extrabronchial portion, always clearly separable the pulmonary parenchyma, although it lacks a real limiting capsule. The small, ball-like forms, which are parenchymatous may serve as example of the so-called \"solitary nodule\" of the lung. From the histologic viewpoint after the studies of FEYRTER and those of FLAMMIA, PICARDI and Pozzi , I see no longer any reason to differenciate intestinal and bronchial carcinoids. On","PeriodicalId":78796,"journal":{"name":"Thoraxchirurgie und vaskulare Chirurgie","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1966-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1055/s-0028-1101264","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"15405874","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The authors report and analyse their cases of carcinoma of the esophagus, excluding carcinoma of the cardiac region of the stomach, as seen at the Surgical Departments of both the University Hospitals of the Free University of Berlin and of the University of Heidelberg. In 468 cases the tumor site was found to be most frequently in the middle third of the esophagus. Males outnumbered fe males by a proportion of 1 : 5. Operative mortality totaled 30 per cent, as compared to 6 to 50 per cent in world literature. A five year survival after resection was reached by two patients only. In three patients, two carcinomas and one sarcoma, a total esophagectomy had to be performed with retrosternal interposition of colon between cervical esophagus and stomach. There was no immediate postoperative death, but all of these three patients succumbed to a metastatic spread of the disease within the second year after surgery. These cases are reported in detail. In conclusion the authors are pointing out that, in accordance with world literature, total esophagectomy with interposition of a segment of the colon does not ameliorate the fate of the patient with a carcinoma of the upper third of the esophagus.
{"title":"[On the surgical treatment of esophageal cancer. Radical esophagus extirpation and colon interposition].","authors":"F Linder, W C Hecker","doi":"10.1055/s-0028-1101260","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0028-1101260","url":null,"abstract":"The authors report and analyse their cases of carcinoma of the esophagus, excluding carcinoma of the cardiac region of the stomach, as seen at the Surgical Departments of both the University Hospitals of the Free University of Berlin and of the University of Heidelberg. In 468 cases the tumor site was found to be most frequently in the middle third of the esophagus. Males outnumbered fe males by a proportion of 1 : 5. Operative mortality totaled 30 per cent, as compared to 6 to 50 per cent in world literature. A five year survival after resection was reached by two patients only. In three patients, two carcinomas and one sarcoma, a total esophagectomy had to be performed with retrosternal interposition of colon between cervical esophagus and stomach. There was no immediate postoperative death, but all of these three patients succumbed to a metastatic spread of the disease within the second year after surgery. These cases are reported in detail. In conclusion the authors are pointing out that, in accordance with world literature, total esophagectomy with interposition of a segment of the colon does not ameliorate the fate of the patient with a carcinoma of the upper third of the esophagus.","PeriodicalId":78796,"journal":{"name":"Thoraxchirurgie und vaskulare Chirurgie","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1966-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1055/s-0028-1101260","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"16324535","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This report describes experiences in the administration of radiating microspheres for the treatment of bilateral metastases of cancer in the lung. The concept whereby a source of irradiation is delivered by means of the blood supply to the cancers is intriguing. The intra venous administration of radiating microspheres permits the deliverance of therapeutic doses of irradiation to metastatic cancer in the lungs via branches of the pulmonary artery.
{"title":"The treatment of cancer metastases in the lung by means of radiating microspheres.","authors":"I M Ariel, G T Pack","doi":"10.1055/s-0028-1101262","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0028-1101262","url":null,"abstract":"This report describes experiences in the administration of radiating microspheres for the treatment of bilateral metastases of cancer in the lung. The concept whereby a source of irradiation is delivered by means of the blood supply to the cancers is intriguing. The intra venous administration of radiating microspheres permits the deliverance of therapeutic doses of irradiation to metastatic cancer in the lungs via branches of the pulmonary artery.","PeriodicalId":78796,"journal":{"name":"Thoraxchirurgie und vaskulare Chirurgie","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1966-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1055/s-0028-1101262","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"16324536","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"[Changes in the acid-base equilibrium, arterial blood gases and excess lactate (oxygen deficit) in heart surgery with extracorporeal perfusion and slight hypothermia (28 to 34 degrees C) and their terapeutic modification].","authors":"H Krauss, W E Zimmermann, M Feyen","doi":"10.1055/s-0028-1101261","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0028-1101261","url":null,"abstract":"UCKABEE UCKABEE UCKABEE","PeriodicalId":78796,"journal":{"name":"Thoraxchirurgie und vaskulare Chirurgie","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1966-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1055/s-0028-1101261","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"16324005","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"[Pulmonary circulation in pneumothorax. On the genesis of spontaneous pneumothorax].","authors":"K Lenggenhager","doi":"10.1055/s-0028-1101266","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0028-1101266","url":null,"abstract":"Aufbläh","PeriodicalId":78796,"journal":{"name":"Thoraxchirurgie und vaskulare Chirurgie","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1966-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1055/s-0028-1101266","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"16324538","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Im Jahre 1663 hat LONGELOT als erster das klinische Bild des Chylothorax beschrieben. Seine numerische Zunahme in den letzten Jahrzehnten ist bedingt durch verbesserte Diagnostik, Häufung schwerer Thoraxverletzungen und die Ausweitung operativer Eingriffe. Nach GOORWITSCH beträgt der Anteil der chirurgischen Ursachen 39%. Die nicht traumatischen Ursachen eines Chylothorax sind nach KILLIAN Thrombose, Tuberkulose, Karzinose oder akute Entzündungen. Durch Thrombose der Vena subclavia oder der V. anonyma bzw. bei Herzfehlern mit Überdruck im Gebiet der V. cava superior kann es infolge Stase oder Eindringen von Blut in den Brustlymphgang zu einer Thrombose kommen. Die Tuberkulose führt direkt zum Verschluß des Ductus thoracicus. Nach HÜBSCHMANN entsteht besonders bei der miliaren Aussaat eine Ductustuberkulose. Die Karzinose und Sarkomatose des Ductus thoracicus ist häufig beschrieben (SCHWEDENBERG). Nach seinen Angaben entsteht die Ductuskarzinose fast immer durch direkte Verschleppung von Karzinomzellen aus dem Abdominalgebiet. Der bevorzugte Sitz des Ductuskarzinoms ist die Einmündungsstelle des Ductus in den Angulus venosus (Ménétrierscher Symptomenkomplex). Ein Sarkom des Ductus thoracicus ist selten (RUST). In vielen Fällen verursachen Drüsenschwellungen oder Neubildungen im Mittelfellbereich durch Kompression einen Verschluß des Ductus thoracicus. Akute Entzündungen des Ductus thoracicus sind direkt oder indirekt möglich. Die größte diesbezügliche Sammelstatistik hat POLAYES veröffentlicht. Die Ursachen eines traumatischen Chylothorax sind: 1. stumpfe Thoraxprellung 2. Überstreckung der Wirbelsäule 3. Stich-, Hiebund Schußverletzungen 4. Verletzungen vom Ösophagus aus durch Fremdkörper 5. Ruptur eines Lymphganganeurysmas 6. Operative Läsion bei Eingriffen im Thoraxraum. Nach TAUBER sind stumpfe Verletzungen am häufigsten. Intraoperative Schädigungen wurden nach Eingriffen am Grenzstrang, an den großen Gefäßen des Mediastinums, am Ösophagus und nach Entfernung tuberkulöser Schwarten beschrieben.
{"title":"[Chylothorax and its treatment].","authors":"J H Huth, E Smolinski","doi":"10.1055/s-0028-1100785","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0028-1100785","url":null,"abstract":"Im Jahre 1663 hat LONGELOT als erster das klinische Bild des Chylothorax beschrieben. Seine numerische Zunahme in den letzten Jahrzehnten ist bedingt durch verbesserte Diagnostik, Häufung schwerer Thoraxverletzungen und die Ausweitung operativer Eingriffe. Nach GOORWITSCH beträgt der Anteil der chirurgischen Ursachen 39%. Die nicht traumatischen Ursachen eines Chylothorax sind nach KILLIAN Thrombose, Tuberkulose, Karzinose oder akute Entzündungen. Durch Thrombose der Vena subclavia oder der V. anonyma bzw. bei Herzfehlern mit Überdruck im Gebiet der V. cava superior kann es infolge Stase oder Eindringen von Blut in den Brustlymphgang zu einer Thrombose kommen. Die Tuberkulose führt direkt zum Verschluß des Ductus thoracicus. Nach HÜBSCHMANN entsteht besonders bei der miliaren Aussaat eine Ductustuberkulose. Die Karzinose und Sarkomatose des Ductus thoracicus ist häufig beschrieben (SCHWEDENBERG). Nach seinen Angaben entsteht die Ductuskarzinose fast immer durch direkte Verschleppung von Karzinomzellen aus dem Abdominalgebiet. Der bevorzugte Sitz des Ductuskarzinoms ist die Einmündungsstelle des Ductus in den Angulus venosus (Ménétrierscher Symptomenkomplex). Ein Sarkom des Ductus thoracicus ist selten (RUST). In vielen Fällen verursachen Drüsenschwellungen oder Neubildungen im Mittelfellbereich durch Kompression einen Verschluß des Ductus thoracicus. Akute Entzündungen des Ductus thoracicus sind direkt oder indirekt möglich. Die größte diesbezügliche Sammelstatistik hat POLAYES veröffentlicht. Die Ursachen eines traumatischen Chylothorax sind: 1. stumpfe Thoraxprellung 2. Überstreckung der Wirbelsäule 3. Stich-, Hiebund Schußverletzungen 4. Verletzungen vom Ösophagus aus durch Fremdkörper 5. Ruptur eines Lymphganganeurysmas 6. Operative Läsion bei Eingriffen im Thoraxraum. Nach TAUBER sind stumpfe Verletzungen am häufigsten. Intraoperative Schädigungen wurden nach Eingriffen am Grenzstrang, an den großen Gefäßen des Mediastinums, am Ösophagus und nach Entfernung tuberkulöser Schwarten beschrieben.","PeriodicalId":78796,"journal":{"name":"Thoraxchirurgie und vaskulare Chirurgie","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1966-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1055/s-0028-1100785","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"16321902","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
J Koncz, C E Zöckler, H E Hoffmeister, M M Sanpradit
{"title":"[Mesenteric-caval anastomosis: a therapeutic possibility in portal hypertension].","authors":"J Koncz, C E Zöckler, H E Hoffmeister, M M Sanpradit","doi":"10.1055/s-0028-1100783","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0028-1100783","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":78796,"journal":{"name":"Thoraxchirurgie und vaskulare Chirurgie","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1966-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1055/s-0028-1100783","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"16320440","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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