Animal Reproduction Science最新文献_第3页

Genomic, transcriptomic and epigenomic analysis towards the understanding of porcine semen quality traits. Past, current and future trends 通过基因组、转录组和表观基因组分析了解猪精液质量特征。过去、现在和未来的趋势。

IF 2.2 2区农林科学 Q1 AGRICULTURE, DAIRY & ANIMAL SCIENCE

Animal Reproduction Science

Pub Date : 2024-10-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.anireprosci.2024.107543

The importance of boar reproductive traits, including semen quality, in the sustainability of pig production system is increasingly being acknowledged by academic and industrial sectors. Research is needed to understand the biology and genetic components underlying these traits so that they can be incorporated into selection schemes and managerial decisions. This article reviews our current understanding of genome biology and technologies for genome, transcriptome and epigenome analysis which now facilitate the identification of causal variants affecting phenotypes more than ever before. Genetic and transcriptomic analysis of candidate genes, Genome-Wide Association Studies, expression microarrays, RNA-Seq of coding and noncoding genes and epigenomic evaluations have been conducted to profile the molecular makeups of pig sperm. These studies have provided insightful information for a several semen-related parameters. Nonetheless, this research is still incipient. The spermatozoon harbors a reduced transcriptome and highly modified epigenome, and it is assumed to be transcriptionally silent for nuclear gene expression. For this reason, the extent to which the sperm’s RNA and epigenome recapitulate sperm biology and function is unclear. Hence, we anticipate that single-cell level analyses of the testicle and other male reproductive organs, which can reveal active transcription and epigenomic profiles in cells influencing sperm quality, will gain popularity and markedly advance our understanding of sperm-related traits. Future research will delve deeper into sperm fertility, boar resilience to environmental changes or harsh conditions, especially in the context of global warming, and also in transgenerational inheritance and how the environment influences the sperm transcriptome and epigenome.

公猪繁殖性状（包括精液质量）对养猪生产系统可持续性的重要性日益得到学术界和工业界的认可。需要开展研究以了解这些性状背后的生物学和遗传成分，从而将其纳入选育计划和管理决策中。本文回顾了我们目前对基因组生物学以及基因组、转录组和表观基因组分析技术的理解，这些技术现在比以往任何时候都更便于识别影响表型的因果变异。我们对候选基因进行了基因组和转录组分析，并开展了全基因组关联研究、表达微阵列、编码和非编码基因的 RNA-Seq 以及表观基因组评估，以确定猪精子的分子组成。这些研究为若干精液相关参数提供了具有洞察力的信息。尽管如此，这项研究仍处于起步阶段。精子的转录组减少，表观基因组高度改变，因此被认为在核基因表达方面处于转录沉默状态。因此，精子的 RNA 和表观基因组在多大程度上再现了精子的生物学特性和功能尚不清楚。因此，我们预计，对睾丸和其他男性生殖器官进行单细胞水平分析，以揭示影响精子质量的细胞中活跃的转录和表观基因组图谱，将越来越受欢迎，并显著促进我们对精子相关特征的了解。未来的研究将更深入地探讨精子的生育能力、公猪对环境变化或恶劣条件的适应能力（尤其是在全球变暖的背景下），以及跨代遗传和环境如何影响精子转录组和表观基因组。

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引用次数: 0

Contaminant toxicity of concern for boars and semen used in assisted reproduction programs 辅助生殖计划中使用的公猪和精液的污染物毒性问题

IF 2.2 2区农林科学 Q1 AGRICULTURE, DAIRY & ANIMAL SCIENCE

Animal Reproduction Science

Pub Date : 2024-10-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.anireprosci.2024.107519

The commercial swine industry utilizes artificial insemination (AI) in their breeding programs. With this assisted reproductive technology, the process starts by obtaining fresh ejaculates from desirable boars who are housed in a dedicated facility (i.e., stud) that also contains a clean-room laboratory where semen quality is assessed and then ejaculates processed into AI doses. In concert with AI adoption, disruptions in sow herd reproductive performance have been traced back to contributions made from the boar stud. Through field investigations and research, several extrinsic contaminants have been identified that impact semen quality either at the boar or AI-dose level. These contaminants can be categorized as either biological or chemical in origin, eliciting reprotoxic outcomes at the boar level and/or spermatotoxicity at the AI-dose level. Biological contaminants include multiple genera of primarily opportunistic microbes (i.e., bacteria, fungi), along with their secondary metabolites (e.g., endotoxins, exotoxins, mycotoxins). Chemical contaminants appear to originate from products used at the stud, and include cleaning agent/disinfectant residues, leachates from gloves and plastics, semen extender impurities, purified and drinking water impurities, and pesticides (i.e., biocides, fungicides, herbicides, insecticides, wood preservatives). In conclusion, contaminants are a real and constant threat to the health and productivity of a stud, and have caused significant reproductive and economic losses in the swine industry. The knowledge gained in recognizing the types and sources of contaminants provides a solid foundation for the development and implementation of pro-active strategies that mitigate risk to the industry.

商业养猪业在其育种计划中采用人工授精（AI）技术。采用这种辅助生殖技术时，首先要从理想的公猪身上获取新鲜射精，这些公猪被饲养在专用设施（即种公猪）中，该设施还包括一个无尘室实验室，在实验室中对精液质量进行评估，然后将射精处理成人工授精剂量。在采用人工授精的同时，母猪群繁殖性能的下降也可追溯到公猪种公猪的贡献。通过实地调查和研究，发现了几种影响公猪或人工授精剂量精液质量的外在污染物。这些污染物可分为生物源和化学源两类，在公猪和/或人工授精剂量水平上会引起生殖毒性结果和/或精子毒性。生物污染物主要包括多种机会微生物属（即细菌、真菌）及其次级代谢产物（如内毒素、外毒素、霉菌毒素）。化学污染物似乎来自种马场使用的产品，包括清洁剂/消毒剂残留物、手套和塑料的浸出物、精液浓缩剂杂质、纯净水和饮用水杂质以及杀虫剂（即杀菌剂、杀真菌剂、除草剂、杀虫剂、木材防腐剂）。总之，杂质对种猪的健康和生产率构成了现实和持续的威胁，给养猪业造成了巨大的繁殖和经济损失。认识污染物的类型和来源所获得的知识为制定和实施积极主动的策略以降低行业风险奠定了坚实的基础。

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引用次数: 0

Editorial: 10th International Conference on Boar Semen Preservation 社论：第 10 届国际野猪精液保存会议。

IF 2.2 2区农林科学 Q1 AGRICULTURE, DAIRY & ANIMAL SCIENCE

Animal Reproduction Science

Pub Date : 2024-10-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.anireprosci.2024.107575

Marc Yeste

引用次数: 0

Modern feeding strategies for breeding boars 种公猪的现代饲养策略

IF 2.2 2区农林科学 Q1 AGRICULTURE, DAIRY & ANIMAL SCIENCE

Animal Reproduction Science

Pub Date : 2024-10-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.anireprosci.2024.107497

Feeding of breeding boars in artificial insemination (AI) centers is critical to maintaining and improving breeding quality and performance in agriculture. Modern feeding strategies for AI boars are aiming towards maximizing their lifetime semen dose output. Given the high growth potential of modern swine genetics, AI boars should be controlled in their daily gain to reduce stress factors for the locomotion system, final body weights, and improve their survivability but also the ease of handling boars. The feeding program should be designed in such a way that young boars (up to 7 months of age) are limited to a daily gain of 400–600 g. Mature boars should be fed towards a body condition score of ‘2’. Aside from energy intake, protein sources should provide 0.62% SID lysine. As far as minerals and vitamins, special attention should be given to Calcium and Phosphorus as they play a crucial role in bone mineralization. A standardized total tract digestible Calcium-Phosphorus ratio between 1.75:1 and 1.82:1 seems to be most favorable. While certain nutritional requirements are needed to enable the production of ejaculates eligible for AI, considerations should be given to the mitigation of risk factors like mycotoxins, herbicides, and pesticides. Most feed additives and supplements lack consistency in their effect across studies evaluated in this review.

人工授精（AI）中心种公猪的饲养对保持和提高农业育种质量和性能至关重要。人工授精公猪的现代饲养策略旨在最大限度地提高其一生的精液产量。鉴于现代猪遗传学的高生长潜力，应控制人工授精公猪的日增重，以减少对运动系统和最终体重的应激因素，提高公猪的存活率，同时也便于公猪的饲养管理。在设计饲喂计划时，年轻公猪（7 个月以下）的日增重应限制在 400-600 克。成年公猪的体重应达到 "2 "分。除能量摄入外，蛋白质来源应提供 0.62% SID 的赖氨酸。至于矿物质和维生素，应特别注意钙和磷，因为它们对骨骼矿化起着至关重要的作用。标准化总道可消化钙磷比在 1.75:1 到 1.82:1 之间似乎最为有利。虽然需要一定的营养要求才能生产出合格的人工授精精液，但也应考虑减少霉菌毒素、除草剂和杀虫剂等风险因素。在本综述评估的各项研究中，大多数饲料添加剂和补充剂的效果缺乏一致性。

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引用次数: 0

Swine fertility in a changing climate 不断变化的气候中的猪繁殖力。

IF 2.2 2区农林科学 Q1 AGRICULTURE, DAIRY & ANIMAL SCIENCE

Animal Reproduction Science

Pub Date : 2024-10-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.anireprosci.2024.107537

Climate change has been linked to increasing temperatures and weather extremes. Certain regions around the world become more susceptible to environmental hazards that limit pig production and reproductive fertility. Environmental measures that link to pig fertility are needed to assess change, risk and develop solutions. Sub-populations of pigs display lower fertility in summer and are susceptible to heat stress. In the context of a warming climate, elevated temperatures and number of heat stress days increase body temperature and change the physiology, behavior, feed intake, and stress response of the pig. These changes could alter follicle development, oocyte quality, estrus expression, conception and litter size. In boars, sperm quality and production are reduced in response to summer heat stress. Nevertheless, while temperature increases have occurred over the years in some warmer locations, other regions have not shown those changes. Perhaps this involves the measures used for heat stress assessment or that climate is buffered in more temperate areas. Reductions in pig fertility are not always evident, and depend upon climate, year, genotype and management. This could also involve selection, as females more susceptible to heat stress and fertility failure, are subsequently culled. In the years from 1999 to 2020 when increases in global temperature from baseline occurred, measures of female fertility improved for farrowing rate and litter size. Progressive reduction in fertility may not be apparent in all geo-locations, but as temperatures increases become more widespread, these changes are likely to become more obvious and detectable.

气候变化与气温升高和极端天气有关。全球某些地区变得更容易受到环境危害的影响，从而限制了猪的生产和繁殖力。需要采取与猪的繁殖力相关的环境措施，以评估变化、风险并制定解决方案。猪的亚群在夏季繁殖力较低，容易受到热应激的影响。在气候变暖的背景下，温度升高和热应激日数增加会使体温升高，并改变猪的生理、行为、采食量和应激反应。这些变化可能会改变卵泡发育、卵母细胞质量、发情表现、受孕和产仔数。公猪的精子质量和产量会因夏季热应激而下降。然而，尽管多年来一些温暖地区的气温有所上升，但其他地区却没有出现这种变化。这可能与热应激评估所采用的措施有关，也可能与温带地区的气候缓冲有关。猪的繁殖力下降并不总是很明显，这取决于气候、年份、基因型和管理。这也可能与选择有关，因为更容易受到热应激和繁殖力衰退影响的母猪随后会被淘汰。从 1999 年到 2020 年，当全球气温从基线上升时，雌性繁殖力在产仔率和产仔数方面都有所提高。生育力的逐步下降可能不会在所有地理位置都很明显，但随着气温的升高变得越来越普遍，这些变化可能会变得更加明显，也更容易被检测到。

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引用次数: 0

Integrating metabolomics into reproduction: Sperm metabolism and fertility enhancement in pigs 将代谢组学融入繁殖：猪的精子代谢和繁殖力提高。

IF 2.2 2区农林科学 Q1 AGRICULTURE, DAIRY & ANIMAL SCIENCE

Animal Reproduction Science

Pub Date : 2024-10-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.anireprosci.2024.107539

The last decades of research have revealed that many other factors besides gamete genomes are able to determine the reproductive outcomes. Indeed, paternal factors have been observed to be capable of modulating multiple crucial features of the reproductive process, such as sperm physiology, the maternal environment and, even, the offspring health. These recent advances have been encompassed with the emergence of OMICS technologies, as they comprehensively characterise the molecular composition of biological systems. The present narrative review aimed to take a closer look at the potential of these technologies in the field of reproductive biology. This literature revision shows that most studies up to date have followed a non-targeted approach to screen mammalian seminal plasma (SP) and sperm metabolite composition through different metabolome platforms. These studies have proposed metabolites of multiple natures as potential in vivo fertility biomarkers. Yet, targeted approaches can be used to answer specific biological question, and their power is exemplified herein. For instance, metabolomic studies have uncovered not only that glycolysis is the main ATP energy source of pig sperm, but also that sperm metabolism can trigger DNA damage, hence compromise embryo development. In conclusion, this review shows the potential of both non-targeted and targeted metabolomics for the discovery of cell pathways that govern the reproductive process. Understanding these systems could help make progress in different areas, including livestock efficient breeding, the improvement of artificial reproductive technologies, and the development of biomarkers for infertility detection.

过去几十年的研究表明，除了配子基因组之外，还有许多其他因素能够决定生殖结果。事实上，人们已经观察到父系因素能够调节生殖过程的多个关键特征，如精子生理、母体环境甚至后代健康。这些最新进展与 OMICS 技术的出现密不可分，因为它们能全面描述生物系统的分子组成。本综述旨在仔细研究这些技术在生殖生物学领域的潜力。文献综述显示，迄今为止的大多数研究都采用非靶向方法，通过不同的代谢组平台筛选哺乳动物精浆（SP）和精子的代谢物组成。这些研究提出将多种性质的代谢物作为潜在的体内生育能力生物标志物。然而，有针对性的方法可用于回答特定的生物学问题，本文将举例说明这些方法的威力。例如，代谢组学研究不仅发现糖酵解是猪精子的主要 ATP 能量来源，还发现精子代谢可引发 DNA 损伤，从而影响胚胎发育。总之，本综述显示了非靶向和靶向代谢组学在发现支配生殖过程的细胞通路方面的潜力。了解这些系统有助于在不同领域取得进展，包括家畜高效育种、人工繁殖技术的改进以及不育症检测生物标志物的开发。

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引用次数: 0

Reproductive physiology of the boar: What defines the potential fertility of an ejaculate? 公猪的生殖生理：是什么决定了射精的潜在生育能力？

IF 2.2 2区农林科学 Q1 AGRICULTURE, DAIRY & ANIMAL SCIENCE

Animal Reproduction Science

Pub Date : 2024-10-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.anireprosci.2024.107476

Despite decades of research and handling of semen for use in artificial insemination (AI) and other assisted reproductive technologies, 5–10% of selected boar sires are still considered sub-fertile, escaping current assessment methods for sperm quality and resilience to preservation. As end-product, the ejaculate (emitted spermatozoa sequentially exposed to the composite seminal plasma, the SP) ought to define the homeostasis of the testes, the epididymis, and the accessory sexual glands. Yet, linking findings in the ejaculate to sperm production biology and fertility is suboptimal. The present essay critically reviews how the ejaculate of a fertile boar can help us to diagnose both reproductive health and resilience to semen handling, focusing on methods -available and under development- to identify suitable biomarkers for cryotolerance and fertility. Bulk SP, semen proteins and microRNAs (miRNAs) have, albeit linked to sperm function and fertility after AI, failed to enhance reproductive outcomes at commercial level, perhaps for just being components of a complex functional pathway. Hence, focus is now on the interaction sperm-SP, comparing in vivo with ex vivo, and regarding nano-sized lipid bilayer seminal extracellular vesicles (sEVs) as priority. sEVs transport fragile molecules (lipids, proteins, nucleic acids) which, shielded from degradation, mediate cell-to-cell communication with spermatozoa and the female internal genital tract. Such interaction modulates essential reproductive processes, from sperm homeostasis to immunological female tolerance. sEVs can be harvested, characterized, stored, and manipulated, e.g. can be used for andrological diagnosis, selection of breeders, and alternatively be used as additives to improve cryosurvival and fertility.

尽管对用于人工授精（AI）和其他辅助生殖技术的精液进行了数十年的研究和处理，但仍有 5-10%的精选公猪被认为是次精子，无法通过当前的精子质量和抗保存能力评估方法进行评估。作为最终产品，射精（依次暴露于复合精浆（SP）的发射精子）应确定睾丸、附睾和附属性腺的平衡。然而，将射精中的发现与精子生成生物学和生育能力联系起来的做法并不理想。本文对能繁育公猪的射精如何帮助我们诊断生殖健康和对精液处理的适应性进行了批判性评述，重点是现有和正在开发的方法，以确定低温耐受性和繁殖力的合适生物标志物。大量 SP、精液蛋白和微小核糖核酸（miRNA）虽然与人工授精后的精子功能和繁殖力有关，但在商业水平上却未能提高繁殖结果，这可能是因为它们只是复杂功能途径的组成部分。因此，现在的重点是精子与卵子之间的相互作用，将体内与体外进行比较，并优先考虑纳米大小的脂质双分子层精液胞外囊泡（sEVs）。sEVs 运送脆弱的分子（脂质、蛋白质、核酸），这些分子可避免降解，介导细胞与精子和女性内生殖道之间的交流。这种相互作用调节着从精子稳态到雌性免疫耐受等重要的生殖过程。SEVs 可被收获、鉴定、储存和处理，例如可用于生殖系统诊断和种鸡选择，也可用作添加剂以提高低温存活率和繁殖力。

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引用次数: 0

Selection and direct biomarkers of reproductive capacity of breeding boars 种公猪繁殖能力的选择和直接生物标记。

IF 2.2 2区农林科学 Q1 AGRICULTURE, DAIRY & ANIMAL SCIENCE

Animal Reproduction Science

Pub Date : 2024-10-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.anireprosci.2024.107490

Efficient management of pig reproduction is paramount for the sustainability and productivity of the global pork industry. Modern artificial insemination (AI) breeding programs have greatly benefited from the integration of advanced selection methods and biomarkers to enhance the reproductive performance of boars. While traditional selection methods have relied soley on boar phenotype, such as growth rate and conformation, modern pig breeding has shifted more and more toward molecular and genetic tools, which are still complemented by phenotypic traits. These methods encompass genomics, transcriptomics, and proteomics. Biomarkers serve as critical indicators of boar reproductive capacity. They can help to identify individuals with superior fertility and aid in the early identification of potential fertility issues, allowing for proactive management strategies. This review summarizes current knowledge of various biomarkers associated with semen quality, sperm function, and overall reproductive fitness in boars. Furthermore, we explore advanced technologies and their potential applications in uncovering novel selection methods and biomarkers for predicting boar fertility. A comprehensive understanding of selection criteria and biomarkers governing boar reproductive capacity is essential for developing effective breeding programs to enhance swine reproductive performance.

高效的公猪繁殖管理对于全球猪肉产业的可持续性和生产力至关重要。现代人工授精（AI）育种计划大大受益于先进的选育方法和生物标志物的整合，以提高公猪的繁殖性能。传统的选育方法完全依赖于公猪的表型，如生长速度和体型，而现代种猪育种已越来越多地转向分子和遗传工具，这些工具仍然是表型特征的补充。这些方法包括基因组学、转录组学和蛋白质组学。生物标志物是公猪繁殖能力的关键指标。它们有助于识别繁殖力超强的个体，并帮助早期识别潜在的繁殖力问题，从而采取积极的管理策略。本综述总结了与公猪精液质量、精子功能和整体繁殖能力相关的各种生物标志物的现有知识。此外，我们还探讨了先进技术及其在发现预测公猪繁殖力的新型选择方法和生物标志物方面的潜在应用。全面了解公猪繁殖能力的选择标准和生物标志物对于制定有效的育种计划以提高猪的繁殖性能至关重要。

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引用次数: 0

Investigation of the utility of PCR-RFLP as a rapid alternative to DNA sequencing for interrogation of the genetic sex of Mugil cephalus 研究用 PCR-RFLP 快速替代 DNA 测序来检测鲻鱼的遗传性别。

IF 2.2 2区农林科学 Q1 AGRICULTURE, DAIRY & ANIMAL SCIENCE

Animal Reproduction Science

Pub Date : 2024-10-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.anireprosci.2024.107614

Karl B. Andree , Barbara Loi , Dario Vallainc , Danilo Concu , Neil Duncan , Stefano Carboni

Mugil cephalus is a species of considerable interest for aquaculture. As a species that is not sexually dimorphic, when building a brood stock with a balanced sex ratio there is difficulty for identification of sex until the animals are quite mature. When mono-sex populations of this species is desired, as in the case of production of females for “bottarga”, considerable resource expenditure could be saved if early sorting of sexes were possible to enable selection of a single sex. A recently described sex-associated loci within the follicle stimulating hormone receptor gene (fshr) was identified using genomic DNA sequencing and shown to contain some non-synonymous mutations wherein the females have a tendency to be homozygous and the males heterozygous. The loci identification method is time-consuming and somewhat expensive. We propose that the method described for the identification of the genetic sex of Mugil cephalus, prior to sexual maturation should be rapid and not require DNA sequencing. In this work, we demonstrate the utilization of one of these fshr mutations within this genetic marker in a PCR-RFLP assay. Using this new method, the loci in question shows 77.8 % partitioning with males and 88.9 % partition with females, as referenced to phenotypic sex characterized by histology, thus confirming the partitioning of the genetic marker as seen previously using DNA sequencing. Future applications of this relatively rapid and inexpensive method could contribute to the production of mono-sex farmed stock and open new opportunities for more efficient broodstock management practices in the species.

鲻鱼是水产养殖中颇受关注的鱼种。由于该鱼种没有性二型，因此在建立性别比例均衡的育苗群时，很难识别其性别，直到动物相当成熟。当需要该物种的单性别种群时，如生产 "bottarga "的雌鱼，如果能及早进行性别分类，以便选择单一性别，则可节省大量资源支出。最近在促卵泡激素受体基因（fshr）中发现了一个与性别相关的基因位点，通过基因组 DNA 测序确定了该基因位点，结果显示该基因位点含有一些非同义突变，其中雌性基因倾向于同源突变，而雄性基因倾向于异源突变。这种基因位点鉴定方法既费时又昂贵。我们建议，在性成熟前鉴定鲻鱼遗传性别的方法应快速且无需 DNA 测序。在这项工作中，我们展示了在 PCR-RFLP 分析中利用该遗传标记中的一个 fshr 突变。使用这种新方法，根据组织学的表型性别特征，该基因位点显示出 77.8% 的雄性和 88.9% 的雌性分区，从而证实了之前使用 DNA 测序所看到的遗传标记分区。这种相对快速且成本低廉的方法在未来的应用将有助于单性别养殖鱼种的生产，并为该物种更高效的育种管理实践带来新的机遇。

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引用次数: 0

Boar semen cryopreservation: State of the art, and international trade vision 公猪精液冷冻保存：技术现状与国际贸易展望

IF 2.2 2区农林科学 Q1 AGRICULTURE, DAIRY & ANIMAL SCIENCE

Animal Reproduction Science

Pub Date : 2024-10-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.anireprosci.2024.107496

Biosecurity is a major concern in the global pig production. The separation in time of semen collection, processing and insemination in the pig farm is a few days for chilled semen but it can be indefinite when using cryopreserved semen. Field fertility results of boar cryopreserved semen are close to chilled semen, which makes it a valuable resource for the establishment of semen genebanks, long-distance semen trade, and the implementation of other technologies such as the sex-sorted semen. But cryopreserved semen is far from being routine in pig farms. The most recent research efforts to facilitate its implementation include the use of additives before freezing, or in the thawing extender. Long-term preserved semen trade is a biosecurity challenge. To harmonize international trade of germplasm, the World Organization of Animal Health (WOAH) established a regulatory framework for all member countries. The present paper aims to review the latest advances of boar semen cryopreservation with special focus on the benefits of its inclusion as a routine tool in the pig industry. We also review recently reported field fertility results of cryopreserved semen, its international trade compared to chilled semen, and the regulatory framework involved. Boar cryopreserved semen is a valuable tool to control biosecurity risk, implement other technologies, and facilitate international trade. Research already demonstrated good field fertility results, but it still represents less than 0.1 % of the international trade. As boar cryopreserved semen gets closer to implementation, the correspondent authorities are reviewing the trade rules.

生物安全是全球养猪生产中的一个主要问题。在猪场中，冷藏精液的精液采集、处理和授精的时间间隔为几天，但使用低温保存精液时，时间间隔可能是无限期的。公猪低温保存精液的田间繁殖力结果接近冷藏精液，这使其成为建立精液基因库、远距离精液贸易和实施其他技术（如性别分选精液）的宝贵资源。但低温保存精液远未成为猪场的常规做法。最近为促进其实施所做的研究工作包括在冷冻前或解冻延长剂中使用添加剂。长期保存的精液贸易是一项生物安全挑战。为了协调国际种质贸易，世界动物卫生组织（WOAH）为所有成员国建立了一个监管框架。本文旨在回顾公猪精液冷冻保存的最新进展，特别关注将其作为养猪业常规工具的益处。我们还回顾了最近报道的低温保存精液的田间繁殖力结果、与冷藏精液相比的国际贸易以及相关的监管框架。公猪低温保存精液是控制生物安全风险、实施其他技术和促进国际贸易的重要工具。研究已经证明了良好的野外繁殖力，但在国际贸易中仍占不到 0.1%。随着公猪低温保存精液的实施日益临近，相关部门正在审查贸易规则。

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引用次数: 0