E. Fekry, E. Abdeen, Youserya Hashem, Alaa Mostapha
Mycoplasmosis is a major and economic threat currently facing the poultry industry worldwide. The main pathogenic mycoplasmas species are Mycoplasma gallisepticum and Mycoplasma synoviae. The aim of this study was to identify and molecular characterization of Mycoplasma species from broilers and breeder chickens. Two hundred samples were collected and cultured onto specific PPLO medium and then tested by real time PCR approaches. The results reported that 15 (7.5%) and 50 (25%) were positive by culture and PCR respectively. Among the positive samples, Mycoplasma synoviae was high prevalent 45 (90%) by real time PCR, and low prevalent 12(24%) detected by culture as well as Mycoplasma gallisepticum were positive 5 (10%) and 3(6%) with real time PCR and culture respectively. In conclusion, our study confirmed that the real time PCR was most sensitive and reliable tool for the diagnosis of avian mycoplasmosis in field samples than culture method.
{"title":"Molecular Characterization of Mycoplasma Species Isolated from Broilers and Breeder Chickens by Real Time PCR","authors":"E. Fekry, E. Abdeen, Youserya Hashem, Alaa Mostapha","doi":"10.5455/ajvs.135548","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5455/ajvs.135548","url":null,"abstract":"Mycoplasmosis is a major and economic threat currently facing the poultry industry worldwide. The main pathogenic mycoplasmas species are Mycoplasma gallisepticum and Mycoplasma synoviae. The aim of this study was to identify and molecular characterization of Mycoplasma species from broilers and breeder chickens. Two hundred samples were collected and cultured onto specific PPLO medium and then tested by real time PCR approaches. The results reported that 15 (7.5%) and 50 (25%) were positive by culture and PCR respectively. Among the positive samples, Mycoplasma synoviae was high prevalent 45 (90%) by real time PCR, and low prevalent 12(24%) detected by culture as well as Mycoplasma gallisepticum were positive 5 (10%) and 3(6%) with real time PCR and culture respectively. In conclusion, our study confirmed that the real time PCR was most sensitive and reliable tool for the diagnosis of avian mycoplasmosis in field samples than culture method.","PeriodicalId":7928,"journal":{"name":"alexandria journal of veterinary sciences","volume":"79 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89921569","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
H. Farag, M. Ragab, A. Hafez, Wafaa Osman, A. Mansour
This study investigated the presence of MRSA in sheep. The study was conducted in 2022 using 100 samples, including 50 raw milk samples and 50 nasal swabs obtained from 10 flocks of sheep that were housed in various places along the North Coast area of Egypt to identify and characterize MRSA. Staphylococcus aureus was isolated and identified from the samples using conventional bacteriological techniques, while MRSA was found using a culture on oxacillin resistance screening agar basal medium (ORSAB). The recovery rate of S. aureus in the examined samples of sheep was 54 and 18 %, in raw milk samples and nasal swabs of sheep, respectively. In addition, the prevalence of confirmed MRSA strains isolated from sheep samples was 51.6 and 66.7% in milk samples and nasal swabs, respectively with total prevalence of 55.6% (20 out of 36 isolates). The antimicrobial susceptibility testing of the MRSA isolates in this study revealed varying resistance patterns. The isolates had 100% resistance to Penicillin-G and Clindamycin, 90% resistance to Linezolid, 80% resistance to Cefoxitin and 70% resistance to Erythromycin. In short, strict hygiene and biosecurity protocols should be implemented on sheep farms to avoid this from turning into a serious illness that may be deadly. According to the present inquiry, MRSA was discovered in the milk and nasal samples of sheep grown on Alexandria's North Coast that appeared to be in good health.
{"title":"Molecular Study on Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus Isolated from Sheep","authors":"H. Farag, M. Ragab, A. Hafez, Wafaa Osman, A. Mansour","doi":"10.5455/ajvs.150765","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5455/ajvs.150765","url":null,"abstract":"This study investigated the presence of MRSA in sheep. The study was conducted in 2022 using 100 samples, including 50 raw milk samples and 50 nasal swabs obtained from 10 flocks of sheep that were housed in various places along the North Coast area of Egypt to identify and characterize MRSA. Staphylococcus aureus was isolated and identified from the samples using conventional bacteriological techniques, while MRSA was found using a culture on oxacillin resistance screening agar basal medium (ORSAB). The recovery rate of S. aureus in the examined samples of sheep was 54 and 18 %, in raw milk samples and nasal swabs of sheep, respectively. In addition, the prevalence of confirmed MRSA strains isolated from sheep samples was 51.6 and 66.7% in milk samples and nasal swabs, respectively with total prevalence of 55.6% (20 out of 36 isolates). The antimicrobial susceptibility testing of the MRSA isolates in this study revealed varying resistance patterns. The isolates had 100% resistance to Penicillin-G and Clindamycin, 90% resistance to Linezolid, 80% resistance to Cefoxitin and 70% resistance to Erythromycin. In short, strict hygiene and biosecurity protocols should be implemented on sheep farms to avoid this from turning into a serious illness that may be deadly. According to the present inquiry, MRSA was discovered in the milk and nasal samples of sheep grown on Alexandria's North Coast that appeared to be in good health.","PeriodicalId":7928,"journal":{"name":"alexandria journal of veterinary sciences","volume":"27 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83338710","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
To investigate the effect of the environment in MRSA transmission to camels, this study was performed in North Coast area and Al America District (Mariot Station), Egypt on camels (Camelus dromedarius), comprising 30 females and 10 males aged between one and five years old. A total of 100 various samples including nasal swabs (40), milk (30), soil (15) and water (15) were collected from 40 camels to isolate methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus using oxacillin resistance screening agar basal medium (ORSAB) beside determination of antibiogram pattern of the recovered isolates and molecular detection of some genes responsible for antibiotic resistance. It was found that the recovery rate of MRSA was 12.5, 6.67, 13.3 and 6.67% from the examined samples, respectively. Multidrug resistance was displayed by all MRSA isolates with 100% resistance to Cefoxitin and penicillin and with 80% resistance to Gentamycin, while 90% of the isolates were susceptible to Doxycycline, Linezolid and Ofloxacin and 70% to Sulfamethoxazole/Trimethoprim. Finally, MRSA strains were discovered in camels and the surrounding area, suggesting that they may contribute to the spread of the pathogen among animals and people as well as within the community. Disinfecting soil and water using a selective, effective disinfectant may be a solution to this issue.
{"title":"Molecular Characterization of MRSA Isolated from Camels and their Surrounding Environment","authors":"H. Farag, A. Hafez","doi":"10.5455/ajvs.150541","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5455/ajvs.150541","url":null,"abstract":"To investigate the effect of the environment in MRSA transmission to camels, this study was performed in North Coast area and Al America District (Mariot Station), Egypt on camels (Camelus dromedarius), comprising 30 females and 10 males aged between one and five years old. A total of 100 various samples including nasal swabs (40), milk (30), soil (15) and water (15) were collected from 40 camels to isolate methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus using oxacillin resistance screening agar basal medium (ORSAB) beside determination of antibiogram pattern of the recovered isolates and molecular detection of some genes responsible for antibiotic resistance. It was found that the recovery rate of MRSA was 12.5, 6.67, 13.3 and 6.67% from the examined samples, respectively. Multidrug resistance was displayed by all MRSA isolates with 100% resistance to Cefoxitin and penicillin and with 80% resistance to Gentamycin, while 90% of the isolates were susceptible to Doxycycline, Linezolid and Ofloxacin and 70% to Sulfamethoxazole/Trimethoprim. Finally, MRSA strains were discovered in camels and the surrounding area, suggesting that they may contribute to the spread of the pathogen among animals and people as well as within the community. Disinfecting soil and water using a selective, effective disinfectant may be a solution to this issue.","PeriodicalId":7928,"journal":{"name":"alexandria journal of veterinary sciences","volume":"40 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77401320","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Taher Hamory, R. Khalil, Hani latif, T. Saad, M. Tanekhy
Isolation and identification of S. agalactiae from cultured sea bream by different microbiological methods, mortality rate, clinical signs, and postmortem lesions in sea bream in naturally and experimentally inoculated with a field sample of S. agalactiae. The aquarium trial was carried out with sea bream (Sparus auratus) in private fish farm at Borg El-Arab, Alexandria governorate Egypt. At total 50 of sea bream (Sparus auratus) was used during the study. The study lasted 10 weeks, starting with 50 ± 5 gram /fish. Prior to the start of the trial, the fish were fed with a commercial diet (45 percent CP, crude protein). Water quality parameters were monitored during fish acclimatization and throughout the trial. Water temperature, pH and dissolved oxygen remained within acceptable ranges for marine production during the trial. Our results concluded that, Streptococcus spp. (specifically S. agalactiae) is very pathogenic as they can affect sea bream which become a perfect host for Streptococcus infection. In addition, water quality parameter plays an important role in sea bream farming. In more specific, an optimum water quality parameter should be maintained to prevent “stress’’ in fish that can lead to outbreaks of disease. It can be concluded that the medicinal plant can help in prevention and control of bacterial infection in cultured fish, and because of their high resistance, to most antibiotics utilization in the prophylaxis or treatment of S. agalactiae infection should be avoided. The farmers must be used such approach to applied in the protocol of prevention of such infection in stead of chemotherapy.
{"title":"Streptococcosis in Sea Bream Sparus auratus with Special Reference to its Control by A Medicinal Plant","authors":"Taher Hamory, R. Khalil, Hani latif, T. Saad, M. Tanekhy","doi":"10.5455/ajvs.126242","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5455/ajvs.126242","url":null,"abstract":"Isolation and identification of S. agalactiae from cultured sea bream by different microbiological methods, mortality rate, clinical signs, and postmortem lesions in sea bream in naturally and experimentally inoculated with a field sample of S. agalactiae. The aquarium trial was carried out with sea bream (Sparus auratus) in private fish farm at Borg El-Arab, Alexandria governorate Egypt. At total 50 of sea bream (Sparus auratus) was used during the study. The study lasted 10 weeks, starting with 50 ± 5 gram /fish. Prior to the start of the trial, the fish were fed with a commercial diet (45 percent CP, crude protein). Water quality parameters were monitored during fish acclimatization and throughout the trial. Water temperature, pH and dissolved oxygen remained within acceptable ranges for marine production during the trial. Our results concluded that, Streptococcus spp. (specifically S. agalactiae) is very pathogenic as they can affect sea bream which become a perfect host for Streptococcus infection. In addition, water quality parameter plays an important role in sea bream farming. In more specific, an optimum water quality parameter should be maintained to prevent “stress’’ in fish that can lead to outbreaks of disease. It can be concluded that the medicinal plant can help in prevention and control of bacterial infection in cultured fish, and because of their high resistance, to most antibiotics utilization in the prophylaxis or treatment of S. agalactiae infection should be avoided. The farmers must be used such approach to applied in the protocol of prevention of such infection in stead of chemotherapy.","PeriodicalId":7928,"journal":{"name":"alexandria journal of veterinary sciences","volume":"107 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79182214","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Akram Salama, Eman Noaman, Mohamed Nayel, Adel Kattan, Mona Mahmoud, Ali Dawood, Ibrahim Hamid, Ahmed Elsify, Ahmed Zaghawa, Ali Arbaga, Walid Mousa
Enteric protozoa are major causes of economic losses in dromedary camels due to clinical and subclinical diseases. The study investigated the prevalence of enteric protozoal parasites in dromedary camels using parasitological and molecular techniques. Besides, the molecular characterization of selected enteric protozoa was performed by nucleotide sequencing and phylogenetic analysis. One hundred and twenty-one fecal samples were collected from dis-eased (49) and apparently healthy (72) dromedary camels during December 2020 - November 2021. Overall, 57.02% of the fecal samples were positive for enteric protozoa with the B. coli, Eimeria spp., Giardia spp., Cryptosporidium spp. were detected in 32.23%, 8.26%, 2.48%,3.30% fecal samples, respectively, while 10.74% samples had mixed infection. While the PCR technique revealed the overall prevalence of 69.56%, 13.04% and 10.14% for the B. coli, Giardia spp. and Cryptosporidium spp., respectively in the study areas. Phylogenetic analysis based on the partial nucleotide sequences of the small subunit ribosomal RNA, B beta giardin (bg) and Cryptosporidium parvum precursor of oocyst wall protein (COWP) genes of B. coli, Giardia spp. and Cryptosporidium spp., respectively revealed that the enteric proto-zoa from camels had high genetic similarities with strains detected from other animals and humans in Egypt and different parts of the world. This study suggests that the camels may act a potential source of infection of the studied enteric protozoa for other livestock and humans.
{"title":"Prevalence and Molecular Characterization of Four Enteric Protozoa in Dromedary Camels (Camelus Dromedarius)","authors":"Akram Salama, Eman Noaman, Mohamed Nayel, Adel Kattan, Mona Mahmoud, Ali Dawood, Ibrahim Hamid, Ahmed Elsify, Ahmed Zaghawa, Ali Arbaga, Walid Mousa","doi":"10.5455/ajvs.142867","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5455/ajvs.142867","url":null,"abstract":"Enteric protozoa are major causes of economic losses in dromedary camels due to clinical and subclinical diseases. The study investigated the prevalence of enteric protozoal parasites in dromedary camels using parasitological and molecular techniques. Besides, the molecular characterization of selected enteric protozoa was performed by nucleotide sequencing and phylogenetic analysis. One hundred and twenty-one fecal samples were collected from dis-eased (49) and apparently healthy (72) dromedary camels during December 2020 - November 2021. Overall, 57.02% of the fecal samples were positive for enteric protozoa with the B. coli, Eimeria spp., Giardia spp., Cryptosporidium spp. were detected in 32.23%, 8.26%, 2.48%,3.30% fecal samples, respectively, while 10.74% samples had mixed infection. While the PCR technique revealed the overall prevalence of 69.56%, 13.04% and 10.14% for the B. coli, Giardia spp. and Cryptosporidium spp., respectively in the study areas. Phylogenetic analysis based on the partial nucleotide sequences of the small subunit ribosomal RNA, B beta giardin (bg) and Cryptosporidium parvum precursor of oocyst wall protein (COWP) genes of B. coli, Giardia spp. and Cryptosporidium spp., respectively revealed that the enteric proto-zoa from camels had high genetic similarities with strains detected from other animals and humans in Egypt and different parts of the world. This study suggests that the camels may act a potential source of infection of the studied enteric protozoa for other livestock and humans.","PeriodicalId":7928,"journal":{"name":"alexandria journal of veterinary sciences","volume":"13 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136303077","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The current study aimed to evaluate the impact of different antioxidants on the sperm quality-related parameters of frozen-thawed Brown Swiss bulls. Semen samples were collected from each bull once per week using an artificial vagina. The semen samples were pooled and divided into aliquots. One of them was diluted with a tris-based extender without any antioxidants and served as a control group. Other aliquots were diluted with a tris-based extender supplemented with 0.75% green tea extract, 0.25% strawberry extract, 1.5 mM of vitamin E, 2 mM of vitamin C, and 0.5 mM of caffeine at 37°C. The semen was evaluated for motility, viability, abnormality, plasma membrane integrity, and acrosome integrity immediately following the addition of diluent for the control group and again after one week of storage in liquid nitrogen at -196°C and re-thawing for all groups. The results revealed that green tea extract had the most beneficial impact on improving sperm parameters (motility, viability, abnormality, plasma membrane integrity, and acrosome integrity) followed by strawberry extract and vitamin E then vitamin C and caffeine as compared to the post-thawing control group. So, according to the results obtained, it was concluded that addition of green tea extract in the semen extender can enhance the quality of frozen-thawed bull sperm. However, given the price and availability of strawberry, we recommend using strawberry extract to boost seminal quality.
{"title":"Enhancement of Cryo-preserved Brown Swiss Bull Semen Quality Using Different Antioxidants","authors":"Dina Ahmed, Iman Bawab, Gamal Amrawi","doi":"10.5455/ajvs.166702","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5455/ajvs.166702","url":null,"abstract":"The current study aimed to evaluate the impact of different antioxidants on the sperm quality-related parameters of frozen-thawed Brown Swiss bulls. Semen samples were collected from each bull once per week using an artificial vagina. The semen samples were pooled and divided into aliquots. One of them was diluted with a tris-based extender without any antioxidants and served as a control group. Other aliquots were diluted with a tris-based extender supplemented with 0.75% green tea extract, 0.25% strawberry extract, 1.5 mM of vitamin E, 2 mM of vitamin C, and 0.5 mM of caffeine at 37°C. The semen was evaluated for motility, viability, abnormality, plasma membrane integrity, and acrosome integrity immediately following the addition of diluent for the control group and again after one week of storage in liquid nitrogen at -196°C and re-thawing for all groups. The results revealed that green tea extract had the most beneficial impact on improving sperm parameters (motility, viability, abnormality, plasma membrane integrity, and acrosome integrity) followed by strawberry extract and vitamin E then vitamin C and caffeine as compared to the post-thawing control group. So, according to the results obtained, it was concluded that addition of green tea extract in the semen extender can enhance the quality of frozen-thawed bull sperm. However, given the price and availability of strawberry, we recommend using strawberry extract to boost seminal quality.","PeriodicalId":7928,"journal":{"name":"alexandria journal of veterinary sciences","volume":"17 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134888501","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This study was carried out to evaluate the presence of intestinal parasitic infection among cattle reared in Owo, Ondo state. Seventy two (72) fecal samples were randomly collected from cattle. Characteristics of each cattle such as sex, age and body condition scores were noted. Fecal samples were collected per rectum from the selected animals and were subjected to physiological normal saline, Iodine and formal ether concentration techniques. . The overall prevalence of gastrointestinal helminth parasites was 94.4%. Of the 72 cattle screened, 68 were infected, with 16.7% mixed infections and 77.6% single infection with high prevalence of Toxocara vitulorum (26.3%), Strongyloides papillosus (20.8%), Taenia saginata (12.5%), Cooperia spp (9.7%), Haemonchus contortus (8.3%) respectively. Common parasites in mixed infections are Toxocara vitulorum, Strongyloides papillosus, and Paramphistomum spp. Hence, in order to mitigate these issues, it is crucial to promote the implementation of suitable anthelminthic treatment plans and control measures. This includes advocating for comprehensive programs that address parasite control, effective management of pastures, and maintaining a clean environment for cattle. It is equally important to raise public health awareness and emphasize the significance of these measures. Additionally, there is a pressing requirement to monitor gastrointestinal parasites in cattle as a means to enhance animal production and safeguard public health in Nigeria.
{"title":"Prevalence Of Gastrointestinal Helminths In Cattle Reared In Owo, Ondo State, Nigeria","authors":"Oloyede Bolaji, Olutoyin Adekunle, Akindele Ajayi, Abolaji Adeyemo, Margaret Adekanle, Oluwatoyin Idris, Nimatullah Adeoye, Akinwumi Akindele","doi":"10.5455/ajvs.160121","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5455/ajvs.160121","url":null,"abstract":"This study was carried out to evaluate the presence of intestinal parasitic infection among cattle reared in Owo, Ondo state. Seventy two (72) fecal samples were randomly collected from cattle. Characteristics of each cattle such as sex, age and body condition scores were noted. Fecal samples were collected per rectum from the selected animals and were subjected to physiological normal saline, Iodine and formal ether concentration techniques. . The overall prevalence of gastrointestinal helminth parasites was 94.4%. Of the 72 cattle screened, 68 were infected, with 16.7% mixed infections and 77.6% single infection with high prevalence of Toxocara vitulorum (26.3%), Strongyloides papillosus (20.8%), Taenia saginata (12.5%), Cooperia spp (9.7%), Haemonchus contortus (8.3%) respectively. Common parasites in mixed infections are Toxocara vitulorum, Strongyloides papillosus, and Paramphistomum spp. Hence, in order to mitigate these issues, it is crucial to promote the implementation of suitable anthelminthic treatment plans and control measures. This includes advocating for comprehensive programs that address parasite control, effective management of pastures, and maintaining a clean environment for cattle. It is equally important to raise public health awareness and emphasize the significance of these measures. Additionally, there is a pressing requirement to monitor gastrointestinal parasites in cattle as a means to enhance animal production and safeguard public health in Nigeria.","PeriodicalId":7928,"journal":{"name":"alexandria journal of veterinary sciences","volume":"256 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136303078","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A Total of six groups of fresh broiler carcasses randomly collected from different poultry shops at Alexandria province. After examination of an untreated samples, the samples were classified into six groups, each group was represented by their muscle samples which were dipped in acid solutions as follows; the 1st group was dipped in 1% lactic acid solution v/v for five min., the 2nd group was dipped in 2% lactic acid solution v/v for five min., the 3rd group was dipped in 1% acetic acid solution v/v for five min., the 4th group was dipped in 2% acetic acid solution v/v for five min., the 5th group was dipped in 1% mixture of lactic and acetic acids v/v for five min. and the 6th group was dipped in 2% mixture of lactic and acetic acids v/v for five min. Determination of spoilage markers including determination of pH and total volatile nitrogen (TVN) was performed beside determination of aerobic plate count (APC), psychrophilic bacteria count and Enterobacteriaceae count. The inhibitory effect of lactic acid and acetic acid on microbial population has long been used to preserve food from spoilage, while much of the effect can be accounted for pH and temperature of storage. Immersion of the examined samples with 1, 2 % (lactic, acetic acids). chilled for 1, 2, 4, 6, 8, 10 and 12 days resulted in population reductions of aerobic bacteria, psychrophilic and Enterobacteriaceae. Effect of organic acids as lactic acid, acetic acid and mixture of lactic and acetic acids are mainly affecting growth of microorganisms mainly by lowering of pH and increase acidity of media. The acids have effect until 10 days of storage at chilling condition in case of 1% concentration, but its effect reach to 12 days in case of 2% concentration.
{"title":"Effect of some organic acids on spoilage and pathogenic bacteria in broiler carcasses","authors":"Akram A. Mosbah, I. Samaha, Mohammad A. Nossair","doi":"10.5455/ajvs.119342","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5455/ajvs.119342","url":null,"abstract":"A Total of six groups of fresh broiler carcasses randomly collected from different poultry shops at Alexandria province. After examination of an untreated samples, the samples were classified into six groups, each group was represented by their muscle samples which were dipped in acid solutions as follows; the 1st group was dipped in 1% lactic acid solution v/v for five min., the 2nd group was dipped in 2% lactic acid solution v/v for five min., the 3rd group was dipped in 1% acetic acid solution v/v for five min., the 4th group was dipped in 2% acetic acid solution v/v for five min., the 5th group was dipped in 1% mixture of lactic and acetic acids v/v for five min. and the 6th group was dipped in 2% mixture of lactic and acetic acids v/v for five min. Determination of spoilage markers including determination of pH and total volatile nitrogen (TVN) was performed beside determination of aerobic plate count (APC), psychrophilic bacteria count and Enterobacteriaceae count. The inhibitory effect of lactic acid and acetic acid on microbial population has long been used to preserve food from spoilage, while much of the effect can be accounted for pH and temperature of storage. Immersion of the examined samples with 1, 2 % (lactic, acetic acids). chilled for 1, 2, 4, 6, 8, 10 and 12 days resulted in population reductions of aerobic bacteria, psychrophilic and Enterobacteriaceae. Effect of organic acids as lactic acid, acetic acid and mixture of lactic and acetic acids are mainly affecting growth of microorganisms mainly by lowering of pH and increase acidity of media. The acids have effect until 10 days of storage at chilling condition in case of 1% concentration, but its effect reach to 12 days in case of 2% concentration.","PeriodicalId":7928,"journal":{"name":"alexandria journal of veterinary sciences","volume":"5 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86550887","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. Samir, Mariam Elbana, A. Saad, Amany Abass, G. Farag
Inactivation of avian influenza viruses (AIVs) using chemical disinfectants is an indispensable biosecurity measure during outbreaks. The efficiency of disinfection process depends on disinfectant type and presence or absence of organic matter. It is also not clear whether AIV pathotype could influence its tolerability to a given disinfectant. Here, we assessed the efficiency of formalin and caustic soda against high (H5N1) and low (H9N2) pathogenic AIVs in the presence and absence of wet faeces. Our results showed that the effectiveness of both disinfectants depends on the target virus with the low pathogenic H9N2 virus being generally more susceptible to disinfection than the high pathogenic H5N1 virus. Wet faeces slightly influenced disinfection action in a virus- and contact time- dependent manner. This study highlights the importance of eliminating faecal matter before initiating a disinfection process and indicates the influence of disinfectant type and AIVs pathotype when selecting the appropriate disinfectant.
{"title":"Inactivation of Avian Influenza Viruses by Chemical Disinfectants and the Influence of Faecal Matter","authors":"M. Samir, Mariam Elbana, A. Saad, Amany Abass, G. Farag","doi":"10.5455/ajvs.134044","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5455/ajvs.134044","url":null,"abstract":"Inactivation of avian influenza viruses (AIVs) using chemical disinfectants is an indispensable biosecurity measure during outbreaks. The efficiency of disinfection process depends on disinfectant type and presence or absence of organic matter. It is also not clear whether AIV pathotype could influence its tolerability to a given disinfectant. Here, we assessed the efficiency of formalin and caustic soda against high (H5N1) and low (H9N2) pathogenic AIVs in the presence and absence of wet faeces. Our results showed that the effectiveness of both disinfectants depends on the target virus with the low pathogenic H9N2 virus being generally more susceptible to disinfection than the high pathogenic H5N1 virus. Wet faeces slightly influenced disinfection action in a virus- and contact time- dependent manner. This study highlights the importance of eliminating faecal matter before initiating a disinfection process and indicates the influence of disinfectant type and AIVs pathotype when selecting the appropriate disinfectant.","PeriodicalId":7928,"journal":{"name":"alexandria journal of veterinary sciences","volume":"4 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84321347","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Samah Yassin, D. Mahmoud, Mohamed Salama, A. Morsy, S. Barghash
The present study aimed to determine the prevalence and distribution of flea-infested ruminants in Egypt's Northern West Coast (NWC) and South Sinai Governorate (SSG), besides the molecular characterization and genotypes of Nematode and Trematode in the identified flea species. In total, 765 animals of both sexes and ages (471 from NWC and 294 from SSG) were examined for flea infestation, including 460 sheep and 305 goats. Microscopically, flea species were identified; while nematodes and trematodes were identified using sequence analysis of purified PCR fragments of the small subunits 18S of nuclear ribosomal DNA (18S rDNA) and the internal transcribed spacer region of the ribosomal RNA (ITS2) gene primers. The results revealed that the cat flea, Ctenocephalides felis, and the dog flea, Ctenocephalides canis, were widely distributed in sheep and goat flocks throughout the corresponding areas. While age, sex, and host had no significant differences (P > 0.5), the location, flea species, and season of flea collection all had an impact on the predominance of the two flea species. Additionally, there were significant differences between C. felis and C. canis infestations in the two areas, and only among the sexes of both flea species in the NWC. Molecular data confirmed one trematode (Fasciola hepatica) in both C. felis and C. canis, whereas two nematode species were identified: Haemonchus contortus only in sheep in both areas and Trichostrongylus colubriformis only in C. canis infesting goats in SSG. Sequenced isolates were assigned in the GenBank database under accession numbers ON123999, ON123994, ON123995, and ON123993 (F. hepatica), ON113484, ON113485, and ON113486 (H. contortus), and ON113498 (T. colubriformis). We conclude that the presence of those pathogens in fleas in the two areas required special attention to periodic flea control programmes and anthelmintic treatments, as well as further evaluation of the epidemiology and role of fleas.
{"title":"Identification and Molecular Characterization of Trematode and Nematode in Fleas Infesting Small Ruminants in Egypt","authors":"Samah Yassin, D. Mahmoud, Mohamed Salama, A. Morsy, S. Barghash","doi":"10.5455/ajvs.143144","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5455/ajvs.143144","url":null,"abstract":"The present study aimed to determine the prevalence and distribution of flea-infested ruminants in Egypt's Northern West Coast (NWC) and South Sinai Governorate (SSG), besides the molecular characterization and genotypes of Nematode and Trematode in the identified flea species. In total, 765 animals of both sexes and ages (471 from NWC and 294 from SSG) were examined for flea infestation, including 460 sheep and 305 goats. Microscopically, flea species were identified; while nematodes and trematodes were identified using sequence analysis of purified PCR fragments of the small subunits 18S of nuclear ribosomal DNA (18S rDNA) and the internal transcribed spacer region of the ribosomal RNA (ITS2) gene primers. The results revealed that the cat flea, Ctenocephalides felis, and the dog flea, Ctenocephalides canis, were widely distributed in sheep and goat flocks throughout the corresponding areas. While age, sex, and host had no significant differences (P > 0.5), the location, flea species, and season of flea collection all had an impact on the predominance of the two flea species. Additionally, there were significant differences between C. felis and C. canis infestations in the two areas, and only among the sexes of both flea species in the NWC. Molecular data confirmed one trematode (Fasciola hepatica) in both C. felis and C. canis, whereas two nematode species were identified: Haemonchus contortus only in sheep in both areas and Trichostrongylus colubriformis only in C. canis infesting goats in SSG. Sequenced isolates were assigned in the GenBank database under accession numbers ON123999, ON123994, ON123995, and ON123993 (F. hepatica), ON113484, ON113485, and ON113486 (H. contortus), and ON113498 (T. colubriformis). We conclude that the presence of those pathogens in fleas in the two areas required special attention to periodic flea control programmes and anthelmintic treatments, as well as further evaluation of the epidemiology and role of fleas.","PeriodicalId":7928,"journal":{"name":"alexandria journal of veterinary sciences","volume":"39 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81276893","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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