O. Bolaji, O. Adekunle, A. Ajayi, Abolaji T. Adeyemo, M. Adekanle, Esther Bakare, A. Adeyemo, A. Ajayi, Akinwumi Akindele, C. Shiff
Schistosomiasis is second to malaria among parasitic diseases. Continuing efforts and strategies are needed to reduce the burden of the infection on humans. Availability of highly accurate diagnostic test is vital for the accurate diagnosis and control of the infection. The aim of this study is to screen students in the endemic areas for schistosomiasis using microscopy diagnostic method and molecular diagnostic method. A total of 250 students between the ages of 10-21years in Oba Oke and Oba Ile were recruited for the study. Urine samples were collected and screened using both microscopy and Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) diagnostic methods. The results revealed that 78 (31.6%) of the cases examined were positive for Schistosoma haematobium using Polymerase Chain Reaction while 52 (21.1%) cases were positive for Schistosoma haematobium using microscopy method. The results showed that the prevalence of Schistosoma haematobium is 31.6% (78/247) in the study area. The prevalence in respect to gender showed that males 50 (45.0%) were more infected than females 28 (20.6%) and the difference was statistically significant (p=0.00). The prevalence between the 2 communities showed that Oba Ile recorded the highest prevalence of 34.3% compared to Oba Oke 27.9% although it was not statistically significant (p> 0.05). The prevalence in relation to age range showed no significant difference between the ages of the school children (p=0.27). The study revealed that PCR diagnostic method is more accurate than Microscopy diagnostic method. Also, the prevalence of infection is high in the study area according to World Health Organisation.
{"title":"Molecular and Microscopy Diagnosis of Schistosoma haematobium from Filtered Urine of Students in Endemic Area of Osun state, Nigeria","authors":"O. Bolaji, O. Adekunle, A. Ajayi, Abolaji T. Adeyemo, M. Adekanle, Esther Bakare, A. Adeyemo, A. Ajayi, Akinwumi Akindele, C. Shiff","doi":"10.5455/ajvs.149973","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5455/ajvs.149973","url":null,"abstract":"Schistosomiasis is second to malaria among parasitic diseases. Continuing efforts and strategies are needed to reduce the burden of the infection on humans. Availability of highly accurate diagnostic test is vital for the accurate diagnosis and control of the infection. The aim of this study is to screen students in the endemic areas for schistosomiasis using microscopy diagnostic method and molecular diagnostic method. A total of 250 students between the ages of 10-21years in Oba Oke and Oba Ile were recruited for the study. Urine samples were collected and screened using both microscopy and Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) diagnostic methods. The results revealed that 78 (31.6%) of the cases examined were positive for Schistosoma haematobium using Polymerase Chain Reaction while 52 (21.1%) cases were positive for Schistosoma haematobium using microscopy method. The results showed that the prevalence of Schistosoma haematobium is 31.6% (78/247) in the study area. The prevalence in respect to gender showed that males 50 (45.0%) were more infected than females 28 (20.6%) and the difference was statistically significant (p=0.00). The prevalence between the 2 communities showed that Oba Ile recorded the highest prevalence of 34.3% compared to Oba Oke 27.9% although it was not statistically significant (p> 0.05). The prevalence in relation to age range showed no significant difference between the ages of the school children (p=0.27). The study revealed that PCR diagnostic method is more accurate than Microscopy diagnostic method. Also, the prevalence of infection is high in the study area according to World Health Organisation.","PeriodicalId":7928,"journal":{"name":"alexandria journal of veterinary sciences","volume":"21 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74284203","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Mancozeb manganese ethylenebis dithiocarbamate polymeric complex – with zinc salts is a very important protective non-systemicfungicide, classified as an ethylenebisdithiocarbamate fungicide. It is used to control fungal diseases for a wide variety of crops because its broad-spectrum fungicidal effects and high compatibility with agrochemicals. The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of the fungicide mancozeb at different doses on some biochemical parameters, reproductive performance and histological changes in testes and thyroid gland. The low dose equal 1/7 of LD50 manc-d1 and high dose equal 1/3.5 of LD50 manc-d1. Doses of mancozeb (manc-d1 and manc-d2) adjusted according to rat's body weights. The results showed that mancozeb significantly (P<0.05) decreased plasma testosterone level, sperm count, viability, motility, and significantly (P<0.05) increased abnormal sperms, altered acrosome and abnormal DNA. Treatment of rats with manc-d1 and manc-d2 significantly (P<0.05) decreased T3. Also, T4 significantly (P<0.05) decreased in the group treated with manc-d2. Treatment of rats with manc-d1 and manc-d2 significantly (P<0.05) increased TSH. Furthermore, the histological investigation revealed that exposure to mancozeb reduced number of mature spermatozoa, necrosis and basal vacuoles observed in some tubules. On the other hand, mancozeb reduce colloid in most follicles resulting in desquamation of the follicular epithelium into the lumen of the thyroid follicles. In conclusion, despite mancozeb exhibit low acute toxicity, it has been shown to cause detrimental effects on reproduction, thyroid gland and its secretion. For this reason, it should be necessary to be careful when using mancozeb in agricultural areas and should take precautions.
{"title":"Biochemical Changes of Mancozeb-Induced Alternations in Testes and Thyroid gland of Male Albino Rats","authors":"Ahmed E. Anwar, H. Ibrahim, Sabah Banna","doi":"10.5455/ajvs.117335","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5455/ajvs.117335","url":null,"abstract":"Mancozeb manganese ethylenebis dithiocarbamate polymeric complex – with zinc salts is a very important protective non-systemicfungicide, classified as an ethylenebisdithiocarbamate fungicide. It is used to control fungal diseases for a wide variety of crops because its broad-spectrum fungicidal effects and high compatibility with agrochemicals. The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of the fungicide mancozeb at different doses on some biochemical parameters, reproductive performance and histological changes in testes and thyroid gland. The low dose equal 1/7 of LD50 manc-d1 and high dose equal 1/3.5 of LD50 manc-d1. Doses of mancozeb (manc-d1 and manc-d2) adjusted according to rat's body weights. The results showed that mancozeb significantly (P<0.05) decreased plasma testosterone level, sperm count, viability, motility, and significantly (P<0.05) increased abnormal sperms, altered acrosome and abnormal DNA. Treatment of rats with manc-d1 and manc-d2 significantly (P<0.05) decreased T3. Also, T4 significantly (P<0.05) decreased in the group treated with manc-d2. Treatment of rats with manc-d1 and manc-d2 significantly (P<0.05) increased TSH. Furthermore, the histological investigation revealed that exposure to mancozeb reduced number of mature spermatozoa, necrosis and basal vacuoles observed in some tubules. On the other hand, mancozeb reduce colloid in most follicles resulting in desquamation of the follicular epithelium into the lumen of the thyroid follicles. In conclusion, despite mancozeb exhibit low acute toxicity, it has been shown to cause detrimental effects on reproduction, thyroid gland and its secretion. For this reason, it should be necessary to be careful when using mancozeb in agricultural areas and should take precautions.","PeriodicalId":7928,"journal":{"name":"alexandria journal of veterinary sciences","volume":"107 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72631625","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ghada demerdash, H. Elsebaey, S. Mohamed, Amr E. M. Mahmoud
Pasteurella multocida is a gram negative bacterium causing respiratory diseases in many birds including ducks resulting in great morbidity and mortality rates among them. Seventy five samples were collected from air sacs, lungs, livers, hearts and spleens were collected from different duck flocks which selected randomly and hade respiratory manifestations and diarrhea. All samples subjected to bacteriological examination for the presence of Pasteurella multocida (P. multocida). The results showed that Pasteurella multocida was isolated in a prevalence rate of as 13%. All isolates were identified by vitek 2 system. The virulence genes of two random isolates of Pasteurella multocida (toxA , tbpA and pfhA ) were detected by PCR. The results of antibiotic sensitivity test proved that the isolates were resistant to Cefalexin, Cefpodoxime, Ceftiofur, Amikacin, Nitrofurantoin, Trimethoprim, Rifampicin and Tetracycline. While the isolates were sensitive to Ampicillin, Amoxicillin/clavunic acid, Piperacillin, Cefpirome, Imipenen and Trimethoprim/Sulfamethoxazle. The three examined virulence genes were detected in both samples.
{"title":"Pasteurella multocida Infection in Duck, Detection of Virulence Genes and Antimicrobial Susceptibility of the Isolates","authors":"Ghada demerdash, H. Elsebaey, S. Mohamed, Amr E. M. Mahmoud","doi":"10.5455/ajvs.127124","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5455/ajvs.127124","url":null,"abstract":"Pasteurella multocida is a gram negative bacterium causing respiratory diseases in many birds including ducks resulting in great morbidity and mortality rates among them. Seventy five samples were collected from air sacs, lungs, livers, hearts and spleens were collected from different duck flocks which selected randomly and hade respiratory manifestations and diarrhea. All samples subjected to bacteriological examination for the presence of Pasteurella multocida (P. multocida). The results showed that Pasteurella multocida was isolated in a prevalence rate of as 13%. All isolates were identified by vitek 2 system. The virulence genes of two random isolates of Pasteurella multocida (toxA , tbpA and pfhA ) were detected by PCR. The results of antibiotic sensitivity test proved that the isolates were resistant to Cefalexin, Cefpodoxime, Ceftiofur, Amikacin, Nitrofurantoin, Trimethoprim, Rifampicin and Tetracycline. While the isolates were sensitive to Ampicillin, Amoxicillin/clavunic acid, Piperacillin, Cefpirome, Imipenen and Trimethoprim/Sulfamethoxazle. The three examined virulence genes were detected in both samples.","PeriodicalId":7928,"journal":{"name":"alexandria journal of veterinary sciences","volume":"11 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73272043","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Methotrexate (MTX) is an antiproliferative drug used widely in chemotherapy, rheumatoid arthritis, and other autoimmune diseases. Despite this, its long-term administration causes testicular adverse effects. Carvacrol is a phytochemical derived from aromatic plants of the genera Oregano. It is known to have anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidant effects and to inhibit the growth of a variety of cancer cells. The present study was designed to evaluate the antioxidant effect of carvacrol on MTX-induced testicular damage. Twenty-four adult rats were randomly divided into four groups, six rats each, as follows: Control, Carvacrol (40mg/kg b.w. daily orally), MTX (25 mg/kg b.w single shot I/P) and Carvacrol and MTX. Testicular biomarkers, redox status and Nrf2 gene expression tests were assessed after 15 days. MTX caused alterations in testosterone hormone and total and prostatic acid phosphatases. Furthermore, testicular 8-OHdG and MDA were increased while reduced GSH was decreased indicating testicular oxidative damage. Concomitant administration of carvacrol was able to restore the adverse effects of MTX. This was observed in the revised levels of the mentioned parameters nearly to normal in comparison to the control and MTX groups. In the present study, we report that carvacrol ameliorates MTX-induced testicular damage by protection from oxidative stress, decrease in DNA damage, and enhancement of serum testicular biomarkers.
{"title":"The Antioxidative effect of Carvacrol on Methotrexate induced testicular damage in rats","authors":"D. Ibrahim, M. Lebda, A. Hashem, Mohamed S Elfeky","doi":"10.5455/ajvs.121847","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5455/ajvs.121847","url":null,"abstract":"Methotrexate (MTX) is an antiproliferative drug used widely in chemotherapy, rheumatoid arthritis, and other autoimmune diseases. Despite this, its long-term administration causes testicular adverse effects. Carvacrol is a phytochemical derived from aromatic plants of the genera Oregano. It is known to have anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidant effects and to inhibit the growth of a variety of cancer cells. The present study was designed to evaluate the antioxidant effect of carvacrol on MTX-induced testicular damage. Twenty-four adult rats were randomly divided into four groups, six rats each, as follows: Control, Carvacrol (40mg/kg b.w. daily orally), MTX (25 mg/kg b.w single shot I/P) and Carvacrol and MTX. Testicular biomarkers, redox status and Nrf2 gene expression tests were assessed after 15 days. MTX caused alterations in testosterone hormone and total and prostatic acid phosphatases. Furthermore, testicular 8-OHdG and MDA were increased while reduced GSH was decreased indicating testicular oxidative damage. Concomitant administration of carvacrol was able to restore the adverse effects of MTX. This was observed in the revised levels of the mentioned parameters nearly to normal in comparison to the control and MTX groups. In the present study, we report that carvacrol ameliorates MTX-induced testicular damage by protection from oxidative stress, decrease in DNA damage, and enhancement of serum testicular biomarkers.","PeriodicalId":7928,"journal":{"name":"alexandria journal of veterinary sciences","volume":"3 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76566947","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Z. Elbayoumi, A. Bahrawy, Haytham Meshhal, Ahmed Elkhtam, M. AbouLaila, G. Hadad, R. Shawish
Bovine cysticercosis is regarded as a critical public health problem affecting farm animals' wealth. The current study sought to establish the prevalence of Cysticercus bovis, histopathology, and its economic effect on slaughtered cattle from Egypt's El-Menofia Province. The inspection of 4670 cattle carcasses, 2500 male and 2170 female, was done over two years, from March 2019 to February 2021, at three abattoirs (El-Shohada, El-Bagour, and Menof). The findings showed that 0.69% of slaughtered cattle had C. bovis. The prevalence was highest in summer and autumn at 0.195% followed by winter at 0.17% and spring at 0.13%. Females were more susceptible than males to infection at 0.58% and 0.11%, respectively. The presence of C. bovis was associated with the age of the inspected carcass. The increased prevalence was observed in female cattle older than 5 years. The predilection sites were masseter muscle (0.23%), heart (0.44%), and entire carcass (0.04%). Heavy infection with C. bovis was observed in two cases in El-Bagour abattoir. The recovered C. bovis morphology and histopathology were documented. Grossly, C. bovis was found either an oval live fluid-filled cyst or a degenerating dead cyst with dystrophic calcification. Histopathology of C. bovis in cow muscle showed its sucker, central spiral convoluted canal, and oval-shaped basophilic calcareous bodies. The parasite was surrounded by the host inflammatory cells. C. bovis was found live, dead, or calcified and ranged from 5-8mm in diameter, with local or heavy infestation. Cysticercosis caused significant economic losses, with an estimated total annual loss of 57970 Egyptian Pounds from the condemnation of organs in this study's inspected carcasses and a total of 1935150 EP from the total condemnation in the three abattoirs included in this study, including ours. This low prevalence of infection suggests using a good drainage system to protect cattle intermediate hosts of T. saginata to prevent human infection.
{"title":"Prevalence and Economic Impact of Cysticercus Bovis in Slaughtered Cattle at El-Menofia Governorate, Egypt","authors":"Z. Elbayoumi, A. Bahrawy, Haytham Meshhal, Ahmed Elkhtam, M. AbouLaila, G. Hadad, R. Shawish","doi":"10.5455/ajvs.145362","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5455/ajvs.145362","url":null,"abstract":"Bovine cysticercosis is regarded as a critical public health problem affecting farm animals' wealth. The current study sought to establish the prevalence of Cysticercus bovis, histopathology, and its economic effect on slaughtered cattle from Egypt's El-Menofia Province. The inspection of 4670 cattle carcasses, 2500 male and 2170 female, was done over two years, from March 2019 to February 2021, at three abattoirs (El-Shohada, El-Bagour, and Menof). The findings showed that 0.69% of slaughtered cattle had C. bovis. The prevalence was highest in summer and autumn at 0.195% followed by winter at 0.17% and spring at 0.13%. Females were more susceptible than males to infection at 0.58% and 0.11%, respectively. The presence of C. bovis was associated with the age of the inspected carcass. The increased prevalence was observed in female cattle older than 5 years. The predilection sites were masseter muscle (0.23%), heart (0.44%), and entire carcass (0.04%). Heavy infection with C. bovis was observed in two cases in El-Bagour abattoir. The recovered C. bovis morphology and histopathology were documented. Grossly, C. bovis was found either an oval live fluid-filled cyst or a degenerating dead cyst with dystrophic calcification. Histopathology of C. bovis in cow muscle showed its sucker, central spiral convoluted canal, and oval-shaped basophilic calcareous bodies. The parasite was surrounded by the host inflammatory cells. C. bovis was found live, dead, or calcified and ranged from 5-8mm in diameter, with local or heavy infestation. Cysticercosis caused significant economic losses, with an estimated total annual loss of 57970 Egyptian Pounds from the condemnation of organs in this study's inspected carcasses and a total of 1935150 EP from the total condemnation in the three abattoirs included in this study, including ours. This low prevalence of infection suggests using a good drainage system to protect cattle intermediate hosts of T. saginata to prevent human infection.","PeriodicalId":7928,"journal":{"name":"alexandria journal of veterinary sciences","volume":"142 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77866137","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abdalla Zafir, Abdalmonim Almardi, Salem Alorfi, A. Saleh, R. Hamad
The current study aimed to determine the occurrence and antibiotic resistance pattern profile of some Enterococcus isolates recovered from chicken flocks as well as detection of vanA gene representative for vancomycin resistant enterococci. A total of 150 cloacal swabs were collected from chicken flocks including broilers and layers flocks (75 samples per each) from apparently healthy birds. The obtained results clarified that the overall isolation rate of enterococci in examined chicken flocks was 17.3% (20 isolates out of 150 cloacal swabs) and the isolation rates were 9.33 and 17.33% in broilers and layers flocks, respectively. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed against 8 antibiotics discs using disk diffusion method. Results of molecular characterization of 20 Enterococcus isolates recovered from chicken samples showed that all isolates were positive for presence of Enterococcus 16S rRNA and E. faecalis 16S rRNA, while only 8 isolates were positive for presence of vanA gene representative for vancomycin resistant enterococci.
{"title":"Occurrence of Vancomycin Resistant Enterococcus faecalis in Chicken Flocks","authors":"Abdalla Zafir, Abdalmonim Almardi, Salem Alorfi, A. Saleh, R. Hamad","doi":"10.5455/ajvs.93433","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5455/ajvs.93433","url":null,"abstract":"The current study aimed to determine the occurrence and antibiotic resistance pattern profile of some Enterococcus isolates recovered from chicken flocks as well as detection of vanA gene representative for vancomycin resistant enterococci. A total of 150 cloacal swabs were collected from chicken flocks including broilers and layers flocks (75 samples per each) from apparently healthy birds. The obtained results clarified that the overall isolation rate of enterococci in examined chicken flocks was 17.3% (20 isolates out of 150 cloacal swabs) and the isolation rates were 9.33 and 17.33% in broilers and layers flocks, respectively. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed against 8 antibiotics discs using disk diffusion method. Results of molecular characterization of 20 Enterococcus isolates recovered from chicken samples showed that all isolates were positive for presence of Enterococcus 16S rRNA and E. faecalis 16S rRNA, while only 8 isolates were positive for presence of vanA gene representative for vancomycin resistant enterococci.","PeriodicalId":7928,"journal":{"name":"alexandria journal of veterinary sciences","volume":"79 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77972038","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. Elmaghraby, F. Sahwan, A. Sakr, Ahmed Mezien, M. Fathala
{"title":"Impact of Sustainable Inclusion of Sodium Butyrate in Whole Milk and Starter Mixture of Egyptian buffalo calves on Blood Biochemical and Rumen Fermentation Parameters","authors":"M. Elmaghraby, F. Sahwan, A. Sakr, Ahmed Mezien, M. Fathala","doi":"10.5455/ajvs.141754","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5455/ajvs.141754","url":null,"abstract":"<jats:p />","PeriodicalId":7928,"journal":{"name":"alexandria journal of veterinary sciences","volume":"109 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79199499","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
H. Shaaban, E. Mehana, S. Oda, Hossam G. Tohamy, Dina Karim
This study was carried outto investigatethe ameliorative effect of both of Dandelion and Ginko.biloba extract on liver toxicities induced by thioacetamide (TAA) in male albino rats.Sixty male albino rats were divided into sixgroups (10 rats pereach).Group 1 (Negative control): which received 1 ml of saline orally and 1ml of saline intra-peritoneal (I/P),Group 2: received TAA for induction of hepatic injuryGroup 3:received TAA+ ginkgo biloba extract (50 mg/ b.wt.),Group 4: received TAA+ ginkgo biloba extract (100 mg/ kg b.wt.).Group 5: which received TAA + dandelion extract (250 mg/ kg b.wt).Group 6: which received TAA+ dandelion extract (500 mg/ kg b.wt.).TAA was administrated by I/P route at dose level of 250mg/kg b.wt , extracts were administrated orally, they were administrated 3 times/week for 4 weeks. The obtained results revealed that intoxication with TAAshowed a significant elevation in serum liver enzymes activity, total bilirubinplussignificant decrease in serum levels of total proteins andalbumin, significant increase in total cholesterol and triglycerides.At the same time ,intoxication with TAA exhibited severe oxidative damged stress ,represented by a significant increase in hepatic level of malondialdehyde (MDA)as well asa significant decrease in reduced glutathione (GSH).The characteristic pathological changes were represented by ,(TAA),severe degenerative andnecrotic alterationsin the hepatocytes. The treatment with G.biloba and D- in different treateddosesattenuatedTAA-induced,serum biochemical alterations, oxidative stressand histopathological changes in liver.
本研究探讨了蒲公英和银杏的改良作用。双叶提取物对硫代乙酰胺(TAA)致雄性白化大鼠肝毒性的影响。将60只雄性白化大鼠分为6组，每组10只。1组(阴性对照):口服生理盐水1ml，腹腔生理盐水1ml (I/P)， 2组:TAA诱导肝损伤，3组:TAA+银杏叶提取物(50 mg/ kg b.wt.)， 4组:TAA+银杏叶提取物(100 mg/ kg b.wt.)。5组:给予TAA +蒲公英提取物(250 mg/ kg b.wt)。第六组:给予TAA+蒲公英提取物(500 mg/ kg b.wt)。TAA采用I/P给药，剂量水平为250mg/kg b.wt，提取物口服，每周给药3次，连用4周。结果显示，taa中毒小鼠血清肝酶活性、总胆红素显著升高，血清总蛋白和白蛋白水平显著降低，总胆固醇和甘油三酯显著升高。同时，TAA中毒表现出严重的氧化损伤应激，表现为肝脏丙二醛(MDA)水平显著升高，还原型谷胱甘肽(GSH)水平显著降低。特征性病理改变表现为肝细胞的严重退行性和坏死改变。两种不同剂量的D-处理均可减轻taa诱导的血清生化改变、氧化应激和肝脏组织病理学改变。
{"title":"Clinico-pathological Evaluation of Hepatoprotective Effect of Dandelion and Ginkgo-biloba Extract against Thioacetamide Induced Liver Damage","authors":"H. Shaaban, E. Mehana, S. Oda, Hossam G. Tohamy, Dina Karim","doi":"10.5455/ajvs.124405","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5455/ajvs.124405","url":null,"abstract":"This study was carried outto investigatethe ameliorative effect of both of Dandelion and Ginko.biloba extract on liver toxicities induced by thioacetamide (TAA) in male albino rats.Sixty male albino rats were divided into sixgroups (10 rats pereach).Group 1 (Negative control): which received 1 ml of saline orally and 1ml of saline intra-peritoneal (I/P),Group 2: received TAA for induction of hepatic injuryGroup 3:received TAA+ ginkgo biloba extract (50 mg/ b.wt.),Group 4: received TAA+ ginkgo biloba extract (100 mg/ kg b.wt.).Group 5: which received TAA + dandelion extract (250 mg/ kg b.wt).Group 6: which received TAA+ dandelion extract (500 mg/ kg b.wt.).TAA was administrated by I/P route at dose level of 250mg/kg b.wt , extracts were administrated orally, they were administrated 3 times/week for 4 weeks. The obtained results revealed that intoxication with TAAshowed a significant elevation in serum liver enzymes activity, total bilirubinplussignificant decrease in serum levels of total proteins andalbumin, significant increase in total cholesterol and triglycerides.At the same time ,intoxication with TAA exhibited severe oxidative damged stress ,represented by a significant increase in hepatic level of malondialdehyde (MDA)as well asa significant decrease in reduced glutathione (GSH).The characteristic pathological changes were represented by ,(TAA),severe degenerative andnecrotic alterationsin the hepatocytes. The treatment with G.biloba and D- in different treateddosesattenuatedTAA-induced,serum biochemical alterations, oxidative stressand histopathological changes in liver.","PeriodicalId":7928,"journal":{"name":"alexandria journal of veterinary sciences","volume":"25 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83145435","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Domesticated Old World camels (Camelus dromedarius and Camelus bactrianus) are important for the economy of several countries in Asia, Africa, and the Arabian Peninsula. Coccidiosis is one of the major parasitic diseases in camels which is caused by protozoa of the genus Eimeria, it is considered one of intracellular parasites, transmitted through fecal oral Route. Coccidiosis is responsible for mortality rates of up to 10% in camel calves besides enteritis; also it is characterized by subclinical contagious enteritis in wild and domesticated animals. Although five species of Eimeria were believed to have capability of infecting camels as (E. bactriani, E. rajasthani, E. pellerdyi, and E. dromedarii), the E. cameli is considered the most pathogenic one. A total of 42 samples from small intestine of slaughtered camels were collected from El-Basatin abattoir, Cairo, Egypt. Grossly, the small intestine infected with coccidian showed congested red spots within serosa and mucosa. On histopathological examination, infected tissues showed chronic, hemorrhagic and granulomatous enteritis, the intestinal glands have rose shape appearance in some cases, and complete loss of intestinal gland structure with sever infiltration of chronic inflammatory cells in other cases, hyper eosinophilia and different developmental stages of Eimeria.
{"title":"Histopathological Studies of Eimeria cameli in the intestine of infected one-humped camel (Camelus dromedaries)","authors":"R. Mohammed","doi":"10.5455/ajvs.152698","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5455/ajvs.152698","url":null,"abstract":"Domesticated Old World camels (Camelus dromedarius and Camelus bactrianus) are important for the economy of several countries in Asia, Africa, and the Arabian Peninsula. Coccidiosis is one of the major parasitic diseases in camels which is caused by protozoa of the genus Eimeria, it is considered one of intracellular parasites, transmitted through fecal oral Route. Coccidiosis is responsible for mortality rates of up to 10% in camel calves besides enteritis; also it is characterized by subclinical contagious enteritis in wild and domesticated animals. Although five species of Eimeria were believed to have capability of infecting camels as (E. bactriani, E. rajasthani, E. pellerdyi, and E. dromedarii), the E. cameli is considered the most pathogenic one. A total of 42 samples from small intestine of slaughtered camels were collected from El-Basatin abattoir, Cairo, Egypt. Grossly, the small intestine infected with coccidian showed congested red spots within serosa and mucosa. On histopathological examination, infected tissues showed chronic, hemorrhagic and granulomatous enteritis, the intestinal glands have rose shape appearance in some cases, and complete loss of intestinal gland structure with sever infiltration of chronic inflammatory cells in other cases, hyper eosinophilia and different developmental stages of Eimeria.","PeriodicalId":7928,"journal":{"name":"alexandria journal of veterinary sciences","volume":"12 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82422935","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. Byomi, S. Zidan, E. Sakr, Nourhan Eissa, Yumna Elsobky
Foot and mouth disease is endemic in nearly all countries of Africa. The highest prevalence of FMD was detected in Mauritius and Comoros while the lowest prevalence was reported in Mozambique, Namibia, Angola, Malawi, South Africa, Mauritania, Botswana, and Uganda. Serotype A was circulated in 11 African countries. The results showed that serotype A was more prevalent in the northern and eastern parts of Africa than in the southern and western parts. The highest prevalence of serotype A was found in Algeria, Egypt, and Tunisia, while the lowest prevalence was observed in Uganda. Co-circulation of serotype A with other serotypes has been observed in some countries, such as Egypt, Algeria, Tunisia, Libya, Sudan, Zambia, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Eritrea, Ethiopia, and Kenya. This is likely due to the illegal movement of livestock between these countries. Serotype O was the most predominant serotype in Africa. The results found that serotype O was more prevalent in the northern, eastern, and western parts of Africa than in the southern part. The highest prevalence of serotype O was recorded in Mauritius and Comoros, while the lowest prevalence was found in Eritrea, Egypt, Ethiopia, Kenya, Sudan, and Zambia. Unlike Serotype A and O, SAT1 was distributed in 6 African countries. The results revealed that serotype SAT1 was more prevalent in the eastern and southern parts of Africa than in the western and northern parts. The highest prevalence of serotype SAT1 was reported in Zimbabwe, while the lowest prevalence was in Botswana and South Africa. the study also found that the circulating serotype SAT1 was the same genetically in Zimbabwe, Tanzania, Kenya, and South Africa. This suggests that the virus is being transmitted between these countries, either through the illegal movement of livestock or through the movement of wild animals. Serotype SAT2 was widely distributed across African countries. The highest probability of infection of serotype SAT2 was found in Egypt, while the lowest probability of infection was observed in Mozambique, Angola, Namibia, Malawi, Zambia, Mauritania, Botswana, and South Africa. SAT3 serotype being the lowest circulating serotype of FMDV in Africa, it was distributed only in 3 African countries. The results stated that serotype SAT3 was only found in three African countries: Namibia, South Africa, and Zimbabwe. Based on the raster risk map, northern, eastern, and southern African countries were determined to have the highest predicted risk of FMD spatial occurrence during the study period.
{"title":"Prevalence of Foot and Mouth disease outbreaks in Egypt and other African countries","authors":"A. Byomi, S. Zidan, E. Sakr, Nourhan Eissa, Yumna Elsobky","doi":"10.5455/ajvs.153493","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5455/ajvs.153493","url":null,"abstract":"Foot and mouth disease is endemic in nearly all countries of Africa. The highest prevalence of FMD was detected in Mauritius and Comoros while the lowest prevalence was reported in Mozambique, Namibia, Angola, Malawi, South Africa, Mauritania, Botswana, and Uganda. Serotype A was circulated in 11 African countries. The results showed that serotype A was more prevalent in the northern and eastern parts of Africa than in the southern and western parts. The highest prevalence of serotype A was found in Algeria, Egypt, and Tunisia, while the lowest prevalence was observed in Uganda. Co-circulation of serotype A with other serotypes has been observed in some countries, such as Egypt, Algeria, Tunisia, Libya, Sudan, Zambia, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Eritrea, Ethiopia, and Kenya. This is likely due to the illegal movement of livestock between these countries. Serotype O was the most predominant serotype in Africa. The results found that serotype O was more prevalent in the northern, eastern, and western parts of Africa than in the southern part. The highest prevalence of serotype O was recorded in Mauritius and Comoros, while the lowest prevalence was found in Eritrea, Egypt, Ethiopia, Kenya, Sudan, and Zambia. Unlike Serotype A and O, SAT1 was distributed in 6 African countries. The results revealed that serotype SAT1 was more prevalent in the eastern and southern parts of Africa than in the western and northern parts. The highest prevalence of serotype SAT1 was reported in Zimbabwe, while the lowest prevalence was in Botswana and South Africa. the study also found that the circulating serotype SAT1 was the same genetically in Zimbabwe, Tanzania, Kenya, and South Africa. This suggests that the virus is being transmitted between these countries, either through the illegal movement of livestock or through the movement of wild animals. Serotype SAT2 was widely distributed across African countries. The highest probability of infection of serotype SAT2 was found in Egypt, while the lowest probability of infection was observed in Mozambique, Angola, Namibia, Malawi, Zambia, Mauritania, Botswana, and South Africa. SAT3 serotype being the lowest circulating serotype of FMDV in Africa, it was distributed only in 3 African countries. The results stated that serotype SAT3 was only found in three African countries: Namibia, South Africa, and Zimbabwe. Based on the raster risk map, northern, eastern, and southern African countries were determined to have the highest predicted risk of FMD spatial occurrence during the study period.","PeriodicalId":7928,"journal":{"name":"alexandria journal of veterinary sciences","volume":"31 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88035697","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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