Proper reproductive performance in buffaloes is the key to dairy economics. Additionally, the reproductive indices are fundamental indicators for the validation of breeding efficiency. A frequent design in animal science is the analysis of data involving repeated observations collected on animals (experimental unit) assigned to different treatments over time. Therefore, this research investigated the effects of four buffalo breed groups and five levels of parity on lactation yield (LY) and lactation length (LL) as productive traits, as well as calving interval (CI), dry period (DP), days open (DO), and days to first breeding (DFB) as reproductive traits, using data from a dairy buffalo farm in Egypt's Ismailia governorate. The results revealed that parity, breed and their interactions showed a highly significant (P < 0.05) effect. The balady breed exhibited the lowest yield features among the breeds (LY=1894.43 kg and LL=233.5 days) with shorter periods up to 13.26 months, 5.14 months, 133.53 days, and 60.78 days for CI, DP, DO, and DFB, respectively. The yield traits of 50% Italian cross-breed buffaloes were the highest (LY=2286.17kg and LL=241.69 days), and the reproductive traits of more than 50% Italian cross-breed buffaloes were the highest (CI=14.05 months, DP=5.75 months, DO=164.45 days, and DFB= 80.48 days). The second parity was the highest across breeds for the productive attributes, but the first parity was the highest for reproductive traits. Buffaloes that produce more milk have poor reproductive performance. Furthermore, animals after the fourth parity performed poorly in both productive and reproductive activities.
{"title":"Application of the Two-Factor Mixed Model in Discrimination Between Buffalo Breeds Regarding Productive and Reproductive Parameters","authors":"A. Fathy, Shady Hassan, Fakhri Azzazi, D. Elsayed","doi":"10.5455/ajvs.144562","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5455/ajvs.144562","url":null,"abstract":"Proper reproductive performance in buffaloes is the key to dairy economics. Additionally, the reproductive indices are fundamental indicators for the validation of breeding efficiency. A frequent design in animal science is the analysis of data involving repeated observations collected on animals (experimental unit) assigned to different treatments over time. Therefore, this research investigated the effects of four buffalo breed groups and five levels of parity on lactation yield (LY) and lactation length (LL) as productive traits, as well as calving interval (CI), dry period (DP), days open (DO), and days to first breeding (DFB) as reproductive traits, using data from a dairy buffalo farm in Egypt's Ismailia governorate. The results revealed that parity, breed and their interactions showed a highly significant (P < 0.05) effect. The balady breed exhibited the lowest yield features among the breeds (LY=1894.43 kg and LL=233.5 days) with shorter periods up to 13.26 months, 5.14 months, 133.53 days, and 60.78 days for CI, DP, DO, and DFB, respectively. The yield traits of 50% Italian cross-breed buffaloes were the highest (LY=2286.17kg and LL=241.69 days), and the reproductive traits of more than 50% Italian cross-breed buffaloes were the highest (CI=14.05 months, DP=5.75 months, DO=164.45 days, and DFB= 80.48 days). The second parity was the highest across breeds for the productive attributes, but the first parity was the highest for reproductive traits. Buffaloes that produce more milk have poor reproductive performance. Furthermore, animals after the fourth parity performed poorly in both productive and reproductive activities.","PeriodicalId":7928,"journal":{"name":"alexandria journal of veterinary sciences","volume":"32 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80902842","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
H. Ghanem, S. Ibrahim, Mona Sharif, M. Abdo, A. Ateya
This study examined the growth characteristics, nucleotide sequence variations, and economic evaluation of two duck breeds. For this investigation, 150 each of 300 male Muscovy and Pekin ducklings aged one week were used. Body weight gain (BWG) as well as the initial and final live body weights were noted. Feed conversion ratios (FCR) and average feed intake (AFI) were also calculated. The percentages of the giblets and eviscerated carcass to live body weight were recorded after the giblets and carcass were weighed. For the purpose of extracting DNA, blood samples from ducks of each breed were taken and placed in tubes with disodium EDTA as an anticoagulant. For real-time analysis, RNA was taken from the liver and breast muscle of each breed. In terms of economic criteria, each breed's total variable costs (TVC), total costs (TC), total return (TR), net return (NR), values for the difference in net profit, and economic efficiency percent were assessed. In comparison to Pekin breed, the Muscovy breed exhibited higher ultimate BW, BWG, dressing percentages, and liver percentages. However, the Muscovy breed experienced a considerable fall in AFI and FCR. PCR-DNA sequencing of IGFBP3, FGF5, MSTN, PGAM2, ApoVLDL-II, ACACA, SCD, FASN and LPL genes revealed nucleotide sequence variations in the form of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) between Muscovy and Pekin breeds. Muscovy had a much higher gene expression profile for growth markers than Pekin breed. Muscovy breed displayed greater TR, NR, net profit difference%, and economic efficiency% compared to Pekin ducks. According to this study, Muscovy ducks showed greater growth features than Pekin ducks. Identified SNPs and the gene expression profile of growth promoters, together with economic factors, may serve as proxy indicators for selection the best breed of ducks.
{"title":"Efficiency of Candidate Gene Approach, Gene Expression and Economic Evaluation for Rigorous Selection of Growth Performance in Ducks","authors":"H. Ghanem, S. Ibrahim, Mona Sharif, M. Abdo, A. Ateya","doi":"10.5455/ajvs.107153","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5455/ajvs.107153","url":null,"abstract":"This study examined the growth characteristics, nucleotide sequence variations, and economic evaluation of two duck breeds. For this investigation, 150 each of 300 male Muscovy and Pekin ducklings aged one week were used. Body weight gain (BWG) as well as the initial and final live body weights were noted. Feed conversion ratios (FCR) and average feed intake (AFI) were also calculated. The percentages of the giblets and eviscerated carcass to live body weight were recorded after the giblets and carcass were weighed. For the purpose of extracting DNA, blood samples from ducks of each breed were taken and placed in tubes with disodium EDTA as an anticoagulant. For real-time analysis, RNA was taken from the liver and breast muscle of each breed. In terms of economic criteria, each breed's total variable costs (TVC), total costs (TC), total return (TR), net return (NR), values for the difference in net profit, and economic efficiency percent were assessed. In comparison to Pekin breed, the Muscovy breed exhibited higher ultimate BW, BWG, dressing percentages, and liver percentages. However, the Muscovy breed experienced a considerable fall in AFI and FCR. PCR-DNA sequencing of IGFBP3, FGF5, MSTN, PGAM2, ApoVLDL-II, ACACA, SCD, FASN and LPL genes revealed nucleotide sequence variations in the form of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) between Muscovy and Pekin breeds. Muscovy had a much higher gene expression profile for growth markers than Pekin breed. Muscovy breed displayed greater TR, NR, net profit difference%, and economic efficiency% compared to Pekin ducks. According to this study, Muscovy ducks showed greater growth features than Pekin ducks. Identified SNPs and the gene expression profile of growth promoters, together with economic factors, may serve as proxy indicators for selection the best breed of ducks.","PeriodicalId":7928,"journal":{"name":"alexandria journal of veterinary sciences","volume":"25 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81720921","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. Elkomy, S. Belih, F. Elsayed, Elrefaey Aboelftouh, Hawary Ibrahiem
Abstract This study was designed to evaluate the Ameliorative effect of N-acetylcysteine (NAC) against possible florfenicol (FFC)-induced intestinal injuries in broiler chicks. A total of 120 broiler chicks were allocated into 4 equal groups. Group (1) was kept as a control, while group (2) administered with NAC (100 mg ̸ L of drinking water for 5 days from 15 to 20 days of age. Group (3) was administered with toxic dose of FFC (60mg ̸ kg B.Wt.) orally for 5 days from 18 to 22 days of age. Group (4) was co-administered with NAC with FFC with the same previous doses on the same treatment periods. The histopathological examination was performed to evaluate NAC-ameliorative effects. Results ensure that FFC induced intestinal injuries in broilers and NAC can ameliorate such deleterious effects which reflected by an enhancement histopathological findings.
{"title":"Ameliorative Effect of N-acetylcysteine against Florofenicol-induced Intestinal Injuries in Broilers","authors":"A. Elkomy, S. Belih, F. Elsayed, Elrefaey Aboelftouh, Hawary Ibrahiem","doi":"10.5455/ajvs.146912","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5455/ajvs.146912","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract This study was designed to evaluate the Ameliorative effect of N-acetylcysteine (NAC) against possible florfenicol (FFC)-induced intestinal injuries in broiler chicks. A total of 120 broiler chicks were allocated into 4 equal groups. Group (1) was kept as a control, while group (2) administered with NAC (100 mg ̸ L of drinking water for 5 days from 15 to 20 days of age. Group (3) was administered with toxic dose of FFC (60mg ̸ kg B.Wt.) orally for 5 days from 18 to 22 days of age. Group (4) was co-administered with NAC with FFC with the same previous doses on the same treatment periods. The histopathological examination was performed to evaluate NAC-ameliorative effects. Results ensure that FFC induced intestinal injuries in broilers and NAC can ameliorate such deleterious effects which reflected by an enhancement histopathological findings.","PeriodicalId":7928,"journal":{"name":"alexandria journal of veterinary sciences","volume":"12 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74856825","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
B. elik, zg elik, Adnan Ayan, Z. n, zge Ayan, K. Ercan
The water buffaloes raised in Turkey originate from the Mediterranean water buffalo, a subgroup of the river buffalo, and are called the Anatolian buffalo. Blastocystis spp. is an anaerobic enteric protozoan parasite that lives in the gastrointestinal tract of a wide variety of hosts, including humans. This study aims to determine the molecular prevalence of Blastocystis spp. in Anatolian buffaloes in Diyarbakır province. Fresh fecal samples from animals were placed in individual fecal sample containers. The sex and age of the animal were recorded for each sample collected. As a result of PCR analysis, specific bands of 500 bp were obtained in 34 (17%) of 200 samples. Prevalence by age groups was found 27.69% in the 0-1 age group and 11.85% in those older than one year (P<0.05). The prevalence by sex was 17.46% in females and 16.22% in males (P>0.05). As a result of this study, the presence of Blastocystis spp. was revealed in Anatolian Water Buffaloes in Diyarbakır. It is thought that further studies are needed to determine the zoonotic subtype potential of the agent in the region.
{"title":"Molecular Prevalence of Blastocystis sp. in Anatolian Water Buffaloes in Diyarbakır, Turkey","authors":"B. elik, zg elik, Adnan Ayan, Z. n, zge Ayan, K. Ercan","doi":"10.5455/ajvs.64195","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5455/ajvs.64195","url":null,"abstract":"The water buffaloes raised in Turkey originate from the Mediterranean water buffalo, a subgroup of the river buffalo, and are called the Anatolian buffalo. Blastocystis spp. is an anaerobic enteric protozoan parasite that lives in the gastrointestinal tract of a wide variety of hosts, including humans. This study aims to determine the molecular prevalence of Blastocystis spp. in Anatolian buffaloes in Diyarbakır province. Fresh fecal samples from animals were placed in individual fecal sample containers. The sex and age of the animal were recorded for each sample collected. As a result of PCR analysis, specific bands of 500 bp were obtained in 34 (17%) of 200 samples. Prevalence by age groups was found 27.69% in the 0-1 age group and 11.85% in those older than one year (P<0.05). The prevalence by sex was 17.46% in females and 16.22% in males (P>0.05). As a result of this study, the presence of Blastocystis spp. was revealed in Anatolian Water Buffaloes in Diyarbakır. It is thought that further studies are needed to determine the zoonotic subtype potential of the agent in the region.","PeriodicalId":7928,"journal":{"name":"alexandria journal of veterinary sciences","volume":"36 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75175020","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. Soltan, Ramdan Sheaita, Omaima Matroud, Set Shobokshy
Two hundred and forty, one-day old Avian broiler chicks were used to investigate The immune role of dietary Lignocellulose (LC) inclusion with or without probiotic supplementation and their effect on some blood biochemical parameters in broiler chickens. Experimental treatments consisted of 3×2 factorial arrangements with 3 levels of LC without or with probiotic to formulate six different experimental groups. Groups 1, 3, and 5 were fed on the basal diet with dietary LC inclusion at 0, 0.5%, and 1.0% respectively, while groups 2, 4 and 6 were fed on the previously mentioned design with probiotic at 100gm/ton. The obtained results revealed that dietary inclusion of either LC or probiotic increased (P≥0.05) WBCs count, LC combination with probiotic majored the WBCS compared with LC free groups. LC inclusion without probiotic reduced (P≥0.05) RBCs count, Hb and PCV. Meanwhile probiotic supplementation in combination with LC non-significantly improved these 3 parameters compared with probiotic free groups. Dietary inclusion of LC and / or probiotic minify lymphocyte (p<0.05) but increased (P≥0.05) heterophil %, phagocytic and phagocytic index and level of the antibody titer against Newcastle disease. LC and / or probiotic addition led to better serum lipid profile (decreased LDL, VLDL and CHO/HDL and increased HDL) and resulted in elevation of serum glucose. dietary inclusion of either LC or probiotic had no significant effect on kidney and liver function related enzymes. The probiotic supplemented diet with 0.5% LC inclusion recorded the lowest serum creatinine level. We concluded that either LC or probiotic enhanced immune response parameters and lipid profile (increased HDL and lowered cholestrol) and their combination magnified this enhancement. LC (0.5% - 1.0%) with probiotic supplemented diet revealed the best blood picture and lipid profile, the highest heterophil %.
{"title":"The role of dietary lignocellulose inclusion with or without probiotic supplementation on some immune and blood biochemical parametres in broiler chickens","authors":"M. Soltan, Ramdan Sheaita, Omaima Matroud, Set Shobokshy","doi":"10.5455/ajvs.119771","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5455/ajvs.119771","url":null,"abstract":"Two hundred and forty, one-day old Avian broiler chicks were used to investigate The immune role of dietary Lignocellulose (LC) inclusion with or without probiotic supplementation and their effect on some blood biochemical parameters in broiler chickens. Experimental treatments consisted of 3×2 factorial arrangements with 3 levels of LC without or with probiotic to formulate six different experimental groups. Groups 1, 3, and 5 were fed on the basal diet with dietary LC inclusion at 0, 0.5%, and 1.0% respectively, while groups 2, 4 and 6 were fed on the previously mentioned design with probiotic at 100gm/ton. The obtained results revealed that dietary inclusion of either LC or probiotic increased (P≥0.05) WBCs count, LC combination with probiotic majored the WBCS compared with LC free groups. LC inclusion without probiotic reduced (P≥0.05) RBCs count, Hb and PCV. Meanwhile probiotic supplementation in combination with LC non-significantly improved these 3 parameters compared with probiotic free groups. Dietary inclusion of LC and / or probiotic minify lymphocyte (p<0.05) but increased (P≥0.05) heterophil %, phagocytic and phagocytic index and level of the antibody titer against Newcastle disease. LC and / or probiotic addition led to better serum lipid profile (decreased LDL, VLDL and CHO/HDL and increased HDL) and resulted in elevation of serum glucose. dietary inclusion of either LC or probiotic had no significant effect on kidney and liver function related enzymes. The probiotic supplemented diet with 0.5% LC inclusion recorded the lowest serum creatinine level. We concluded that either LC or probiotic enhanced immune response parameters and lipid profile (increased HDL and lowered cholestrol) and their combination magnified this enhancement. LC (0.5% - 1.0%) with probiotic supplemented diet revealed the best blood picture and lipid profile, the highest heterophil %.","PeriodicalId":7928,"journal":{"name":"alexandria journal of veterinary sciences","volume":"357 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76508289","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
O. Adekunle, Temitope Isaac Adelusi, I. Sule, A. Olorunfemi, H. Abdulrahim, A. Adekunle
Development of resistance to reference antibiotics leading to increased mortality have caused critical concern in the management of infectious diseases. Continuous search for alternative therapies have shown good candidates in medicinal plants, although without thorough examination of possible mechanism of action. This study assessed the phytochemical constituents, antimicrobial activities and possible antimicrobial mechanism of Adansonia digitata, against Shigella flexneri, Escerichia Coli and Salmonella enteritis.
{"title":"Phytochemical Analyses, Antimicrobial Activities and Possible Antimicrobial Mechanism of Adansonia Digitata: An Animal Model","authors":"O. Adekunle, Temitope Isaac Adelusi, I. Sule, A. Olorunfemi, H. Abdulrahim, A. Adekunle","doi":"10.5455/ajvs.50029","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5455/ajvs.50029","url":null,"abstract":"Development of resistance to reference antibiotics leading to increased mortality have caused critical concern in the management of infectious diseases. Continuous search for alternative therapies have shown good candidates in medicinal plants, although without thorough examination of possible mechanism of action. This study assessed the phytochemical constituents, antimicrobial activities and possible antimicrobial mechanism of Adansonia digitata, against Shigella flexneri, Escerichia Coli and Salmonella enteritis.","PeriodicalId":7928,"journal":{"name":"alexandria journal of veterinary sciences","volume":"117 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79321552","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. Aliyu, Sackey Bedu, N. Alhaji, Haruna Evuti, Allam Lushakyaa
This study aimed to evaluate the Haematological and Serum biochemical changes in cattle with natural trypanosomosis in North Central Nigeria. Cattle were drawn from cases reported to the State Veterinary Hospital Minna and Area Veterinary Clinics in selected Local Government Areas (LGAs) with health problems suggestive of trypanosomosis. A total of 343 cattle were sampled of which 45 (13%) were infected with species of trypanosomes. Trypanosoma (T) vivax (5.5%), T. congolense (5.5%), and T. brucei (2.0%) were detected in the infected animals. Haematological and serum biochemical parameters of the infected and the uninfected were measured and compared. The mean PCV (23.27±6.82%), platelet (93.23±42.02 x103μl), and total leukocyte counts (4.40 ±1.64x103μl) of infected cattle were significantly lower than those of the uninfected (32.47±8.35%, 209.67±55.75 x103μl, and 8.14±3.34 x103μl). Lymphocyte counts (64.64±12.19%) were significantly higher in the infected cattle compared to the uninfected (58.19±15.29%). The mean neutrophil count (32.62±12.25%) of the infected cattle was significantly lower than the uninfected (39.46±15.05%). The biochemical parameters also differed significantly (P<0.05) between the infected and the uninfected. The mean ALT (34.62±20.57IU/L), ALP (105.48±37.97IU/L), CK (265.71±21.25IU/L) of the infected cattle were significantly higher than the uninfected (16.60±3.73 IU/L, 65.60±18.90 IU/L, and 254.12±11.32IU/L) respectively. The mean total proteins (51.50±18.28mg/dL) and glucose (31.94±13.68mg/dL) of the infected were significantly lower than the uninfected (77.20±14.46 mg/dL, 46.80±13.59 mg/dL) respectively. Albumin (24.84±8.31 mg/dl) and globulins (29.34±15.31 mg/dl) of the infected cattle were significantly lower than the uninfected (27.60±6.73 mg/dL and 49.80±15.05 mg/dL) respectively. Similarly, the mean sodium (111.82±28.84 mg/dL), chloride (91.76±25.59 mg/dL) and bicarbonates (17.46±6.76 mg/dL) levels of the infected cattle were significantly lower than the uninfected (127.8034.95 mg/dL, 98.6019.48 mg/dL, and 20.6012.58 mg/dL) respectively. The levels of calcium (2.98±0.84mg/dL), iron (1.55±0.60 mg/dL), copper (0.49±0.36 mg/dL) and zinc (2.08±1.42mg/dL) were significantly lower in infected cattle compare to uninfected animals (4.16±0.54 mg/dL, 4.45±2.07mg/dL, 0.81±0.08 mg/dL, and 7.88±2.52 mg/dL) respectively. The findings of this study will assist clinicians in the diagnosis and provide rationale clinical decisions for better and effective disease control.
{"title":"Haematological and Serum Biochemical Parameters in naturally occurring cases of Bovine Trypanosomosis in North Central Nigeria","authors":"M. Aliyu, Sackey Bedu, N. Alhaji, Haruna Evuti, Allam Lushakyaa","doi":"10.5455/ajvs.2597","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5455/ajvs.2597","url":null,"abstract":"This study aimed to evaluate the Haematological and Serum biochemical changes in cattle with natural trypanosomosis in North Central Nigeria. Cattle were drawn from cases reported to the State Veterinary Hospital Minna and Area Veterinary Clinics in selected Local Government Areas (LGAs) with health problems suggestive of trypanosomosis. A total of 343 cattle were sampled of which 45 (13%) were infected with species of trypanosomes. Trypanosoma (T) vivax (5.5%), T. congolense (5.5%), and T. brucei (2.0%) were detected in the infected animals. Haematological and serum biochemical parameters of the infected and the uninfected were measured and compared. The mean PCV (23.27±6.82%), platelet (93.23±42.02 x103μl), and total leukocyte counts (4.40 ±1.64x103μl) of infected cattle were significantly lower than those of the uninfected (32.47±8.35%, 209.67±55.75 x103μl, and 8.14±3.34 x103μl). Lymphocyte counts (64.64±12.19%) were significantly higher in the infected cattle compared to the uninfected (58.19±15.29%). The mean neutrophil count (32.62±12.25%) of the infected cattle was significantly lower than the uninfected (39.46±15.05%). The biochemical parameters also differed significantly (P<0.05) between the infected and the uninfected. The mean ALT (34.62±20.57IU/L), ALP (105.48±37.97IU/L), CK (265.71±21.25IU/L) of the infected cattle were significantly higher than the uninfected (16.60±3.73 IU/L, 65.60±18.90 IU/L, and 254.12±11.32IU/L) respectively. The mean total proteins (51.50±18.28mg/dL) and glucose (31.94±13.68mg/dL) of the infected were significantly lower than the uninfected (77.20±14.46 mg/dL, 46.80±13.59 mg/dL) respectively. Albumin (24.84±8.31 mg/dl) and globulins (29.34±15.31 mg/dl) of the infected cattle were significantly lower than the uninfected (27.60±6.73 mg/dL and 49.80±15.05 mg/dL) respectively. Similarly, the mean sodium (111.82±28.84 mg/dL), chloride (91.76±25.59 mg/dL) and bicarbonates (17.46±6.76 mg/dL) levels of the infected cattle were significantly lower than the uninfected (127.8034.95 mg/dL, 98.6019.48 mg/dL, and 20.6012.58 mg/dL) respectively. The levels of calcium (2.98±0.84mg/dL), iron (1.55±0.60 mg/dL), copper (0.49±0.36 mg/dL) and zinc (2.08±1.42mg/dL) were significantly lower in infected cattle compare to uninfected animals (4.16±0.54 mg/dL, 4.45±2.07mg/dL, 0.81±0.08 mg/dL, and 7.88±2.52 mg/dL) respectively. The findings of this study will assist clinicians in the diagnosis and provide rationale clinical decisions for better and effective disease control.","PeriodicalId":7928,"journal":{"name":"alexandria journal of veterinary sciences","volume":"20 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81015528","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The aim of the current study was to characterize E. coli isolates belonging to several serotypes in samples from different animal sources. The genetic diversity among the isolates was evaluated by multiplex PCR. Out of 30 suspected isolated E. coli which were identified microscopically, culturally and biochemically examined by VITEK2 and serologically identified there were 8 isolates showing low discrimination for E. coli and were non-typeable while 22 isolates positive, showing excellent level of identification for E. coli and were identified serologically. Thirteen different serogroups were identified, O26:H11, O91:H21, O78, O111:H2, O125:H21, O146:H21, O1:H7, O44:H18, O55:H7, O119:H6, O121:H7, O128:H2 and O159. Findings of multiplex PCR of virulence genes showed that the eaeA gene was successfully amplified in O26:H11; stx1 gene was successfully amplified in O26:H11, O55:H7, O91:H21, O111:H2, O119:H6, O128:H2 and O146:H21 serogroups but stx2 gene was successfully amplified in O1:H7, O26:H11, O78, O91:H21, O111:H2, O119:H6 and O125:H21. O91:H21, O111:H2 and O119:H6 serogroups carried both (stx1 and stx 2) genes, O26:H11 serogroup carried (stx 1, stx 2 and eae) genes and O44:H18, O121:H7 and O159 serogroups were negative for these genes. Findings of multiplex PCR of β-lactamase antimicrobial resistance genes showed that blaOXA gene was successfully amplified in O26:H11 only; blaCTX-M1 gene was successfully amplified in O78 and O121:H7 serogroups but blaTEM gene was successfully amplified in O26:H11, O91:H21, O111:H2 and O125: H21. O26:H11 serogroup carried both (blaOXA and blaTEM) genes and O1: H7, O44:H18, O55:H7, O119:H6, O128:H2, O146:H21 and O159 serogroups were negative for (blaOXA, blaCTX-M and blaTEM) genes. In conclusion, animals and animal products could be a significant reservoir of diverse E. coli virulence and antimicrobial resistance genes which is potentially hazardous to public health.
{"title":"Molecular Characterization of Virulence and Antimicrobial Resistance Genes of E. coli Isolated from Different Animal Sources","authors":"Ahmed Ashmony, A. Mostafa, R. Tarabees","doi":"10.5455/ajvs.75056","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5455/ajvs.75056","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of the current study was to characterize E. coli isolates belonging to several serotypes in samples from different animal sources. The genetic diversity among the isolates was evaluated by multiplex PCR. Out of 30 suspected isolated E. coli which were identified microscopically, culturally and biochemically examined by VITEK2 and serologically identified there were 8 isolates showing low discrimination for E. coli and were non-typeable while 22 isolates positive, showing excellent level of identification for E. coli and were identified serologically. Thirteen different serogroups were identified, O26:H11, O91:H21, O78, O111:H2, O125:H21, O146:H21, O1:H7, O44:H18, O55:H7, O119:H6, O121:H7, O128:H2 and O159. Findings of multiplex PCR of virulence genes showed that the eaeA gene was successfully amplified in O26:H11; stx1 gene was successfully amplified in O26:H11, O55:H7, O91:H21, O111:H2, O119:H6, O128:H2 and O146:H21 serogroups but stx2 gene was successfully amplified in O1:H7, O26:H11, O78, O91:H21, O111:H2, O119:H6 and O125:H21. O91:H21, O111:H2 and O119:H6 serogroups carried both (stx1 and stx 2) genes, O26:H11 serogroup carried (stx 1, stx 2 and eae) genes and O44:H18, O121:H7 and O159 serogroups were negative for these genes. Findings of multiplex PCR of β-lactamase antimicrobial resistance genes showed that blaOXA gene was successfully amplified in O26:H11 only; blaCTX-M1 gene was successfully amplified in O78 and O121:H7 serogroups but blaTEM gene was successfully amplified in O26:H11, O91:H21, O111:H2 and O125: H21. O26:H11 serogroup carried both (blaOXA and blaTEM) genes and O1: H7, O44:H18, O55:H7, O119:H6, O128:H2, O146:H21 and O159 serogroups were negative for (blaOXA, blaCTX-M and blaTEM) genes. In conclusion, animals and animal products could be a significant reservoir of diverse E. coli virulence and antimicrobial resistance genes which is potentially hazardous to public health.","PeriodicalId":7928,"journal":{"name":"alexandria journal of veterinary sciences","volume":"33 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76695849","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
R. Weka, Gambo Amos, Babatunde Olatunde, Ankeli Paul, Govwang Felix, Anefu Emanuel, J. Kamani, Bertu James
Background: Porcine cysticercosis is a neglected zoonotic caused by the larval stage of the tapeworm Taenia solium in pigs and humans. The infection has been well-thought-of as an exclusively economic problem, as cysticercosis impacts on animal production affecting food security due to downgrading and total condemnation of affected meat, or reduced sale price or confiscation of live animals and nutritional losses for small holder farming community thereby reducing income and rendering an important source of protein unsafe to eat leading to poor- quality pork. The aim of the study is to determine the cause of abnormal movement and confirm the presences of cyst in a two-year-old boar in Jos. On the 6th of March, 2016, a Veterinarian was invited to deworm a herd of 20 pigs supposedly raised under intensive management. Method: During physical examination, a 2-year-old boar in the herd was observed to show signs of exhaustion, gasping, unsteady gait and ataxia. Result: On close examination, the presence of cysts was noticed on the tongue. The animal was sacrificed for postmortem examination. Grossly, there was generalized multiple organ infestation involving the tongue, vertebral column, heart, masseter, biceps, diaphragm, meninges, and the brain etc. Histopathologic examination of the affected organs showed irregularly round cyst approximately 200 µm in diameter. Conclusion: Porcine cysticercosis is present in a small holder pig farm in Jos metropolis. Unsanitary condition in the farm leading to occasional contact with human feces from the community could be the principal source of infection to the pigs. Community health education and improvements in hygiene are recommended as effective control measures to mitigate further spread of the disease.
{"title":"A case report: Gross and microscopic presentation of cysticercosis in a two-year-old boar in pig herd in Jos Plateau State Nigeria","authors":"R. Weka, Gambo Amos, Babatunde Olatunde, Ankeli Paul, Govwang Felix, Anefu Emanuel, J. Kamani, Bertu James","doi":"10.5455/ajvs.107061","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5455/ajvs.107061","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Porcine cysticercosis is a neglected zoonotic caused by the larval stage of the tapeworm Taenia solium in pigs and humans. The infection has been well-thought-of as an exclusively economic problem, as cysticercosis impacts on animal production affecting food security due to downgrading and total condemnation of affected meat, or reduced sale price or confiscation of live animals and nutritional losses for small holder farming community thereby reducing income and rendering an important source of protein unsafe to eat leading to poor- quality pork. The aim of the study is to determine the cause of abnormal movement and confirm the presences of cyst in a two-year-old boar in Jos. On the 6th of March, 2016, a Veterinarian was invited to deworm a herd of 20 pigs supposedly raised under intensive management. Method: During physical examination, a 2-year-old boar in the herd was observed to show signs of exhaustion, gasping, unsteady gait and ataxia. Result: On close examination, the presence of cysts was noticed on the tongue. The animal was sacrificed for postmortem examination. Grossly, there was generalized multiple organ infestation involving the tongue, vertebral column, heart, masseter, biceps, diaphragm, meninges, and the brain etc. Histopathologic examination of the affected organs showed irregularly round cyst approximately 200 µm in diameter. Conclusion: Porcine cysticercosis is present in a small holder pig farm in Jos metropolis. Unsanitary condition in the farm leading to occasional contact with human feces from the community could be the principal source of infection to the pigs. Community health education and improvements in hygiene are recommended as effective control measures to mitigate further spread of the disease.","PeriodicalId":7928,"journal":{"name":"alexandria journal of veterinary sciences","volume":"34 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82281978","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Bacterial mastitis is one of the most important diseases in high-production dairy cows which causing high economic losses. Staph. aureus and E. coli considered most common mastitis-causing bacterial pathogens. Therefore, 120 mastitis milk samples were collected from mastitic cattle to identify the profile of bacterial pathogens especially Staph. aureus and E. coli, in addition, studying their antimicrobial resistance. The obtained results revealed that incidence of Staph. aureus from examined mastitis milk samples was 45% (36/80) as single culture and 12.5% (10/80) as mixed culture. Incidence of E. coli from mastitis milk as a single culture was 30% (24/80) and as a mixed culture was 16.25% (13/80). In addition, out 16 samples as mixed infections summarized as following: 7 samples Staph. aureus with E. coli and 3 samples Staph. aureus with streptococcal species and 6 samples E. coli with streptococcal. Regarding to antimicrobial susceptibility, Staph. aureus was sensitive to tetracycline 41.6% followed by sulfa-trimethoprim 38.3% while E. coli strains were sensitive to tetracycline 50 % followed by Gentamycin 25%, both strains were resistant to marbofloxacin at rate 55.5 and 83.3%, respectively. Virulence genes including 23S rRNA, phoA related to specie-specific for Staph. aureus and E. coli in addition antibiotic resistant genes mecA and ampC, respectively were detected in 100% of examined strains. Detection of virulence and antibiotic resistance genes may be helpful for effective control of mastitis.
{"title":"Profile of bacteria causing bovine mastitis and their antibacterial resistance","authors":"A. Abakar, H. Torky, S. Khalil","doi":"10.5455/ajvs.64386","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5455/ajvs.64386","url":null,"abstract":"Bacterial mastitis is one of the most important diseases in high-production dairy cows which causing high economic losses. Staph. aureus and E. coli considered most common mastitis-causing bacterial pathogens. Therefore, 120 mastitis milk samples were collected from mastitic cattle to identify the profile of bacterial pathogens especially Staph. aureus and E. coli, in addition, studying their antimicrobial resistance. The obtained results revealed that incidence of Staph. aureus from examined mastitis milk samples was 45% (36/80) as single culture and 12.5% (10/80) as mixed culture. Incidence of E. coli from mastitis milk as a single culture was 30% (24/80) and as a mixed culture was 16.25% (13/80). In addition, out 16 samples as mixed infections summarized as following: 7 samples Staph. aureus with E. coli and 3 samples Staph. aureus with streptococcal species and 6 samples E. coli with streptococcal. Regarding to antimicrobial susceptibility, Staph. aureus was sensitive to tetracycline 41.6% followed by sulfa-trimethoprim 38.3% while E. coli strains were sensitive to tetracycline 50 % followed by Gentamycin 25%, both strains were resistant to marbofloxacin at rate 55.5 and 83.3%, respectively. Virulence genes including 23S rRNA, phoA related to specie-specific for Staph. aureus and E. coli in addition antibiotic resistant genes mecA and ampC, respectively were detected in 100% of examined strains. Detection of virulence and antibiotic resistance genes may be helpful for effective control of mastitis.","PeriodicalId":7928,"journal":{"name":"alexandria journal of veterinary sciences","volume":"35 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81376798","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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