Anesthesiology最新文献

Background: Postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV) is common after general anesthesia, with consequences for patient outcomes, satisfaction with care and healthcare costs. Our aim was to compare a new treatment, chewing gum, with a widely-used intravenous agent, ondansetron, to treat PONV in female patients in the post anesthesia care unit (PACU).

Methods: We conducted a multicenter, randomized, controlled non-inferiority trial in 17 hospitals in Australia and New Zealand. Female patients aged ≥12 years undergoing volatile anesthetic-based general anesthesia for laparoscopic or breast surgery were enrolled. Protocolized anti-emetic prophylaxis was administered. Patients who developed PONV in the PACU were randomized to either 15 min of chewing gum or 4 mg of intravenous ondansetron. The primary outcome was cessation of nausea, retching or vomiting, with no recurrence nor rescue medication for 2 h after administration of the randomized intervention (i.e., complete response).

Results: Of 865 enrolled patients, 218 were randomized. In a per-protocol analysis, 50 of 105 (47.6%) ondansetron-treated patients compared with 31 of 103 (30.1%) chewing gum-treated patients achieved the primary outcome (absolute risk difference [95% confidence interval (CI)] -17.3 [-30.4 to -4.3] %), not reaching our prespecified non-inferiority limit. Time to complete response was longer for patients randomized to chewing gum (hazard ratio [95% CI] 0.53 [0.34, 0.83]), and they were more likely to receive antiemetics in the 24 h after surgery (absolute risk difference [95% CI] 14.07 [1.65, 26.49]).

Conclusions: Chewing gum cannot be recommended as an alternative to ondansetron for treatment of PONV in female patients administered antiemetic prophylaxis.

Background: Midazolam is a short-acting benzodiazepine frequently used in the perioperative setting. This study aimed to investigate the potential impact of intraoperative midazolam on postoperative delirium (POD) in older patients undergoing non-cardiac surgery.

Methods: This study included patients aged ≥ 65 years who received general anaesthesia between April 2020 and April 2022 in multiple hospitals across China. POD occurring within 7 days was assessed using the 3-minute Diagnostic Interview for Confusion Assessment Method (3D-CAM). Univariable and multivariable logistic regression models based on the random effects were used to determine the association between midazolam administration and the occurrence of POD, presented as risk ratio (RR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI). Kaplan-Meier cumulative incidence curve was plotted to compare the distribution of time to POD onset between patients who received midazolam and those who did not. Subgroup analyses based on specific populations were performed to explore the relationship between midazolam and POD.

Results: In all, 5,663 patients were included, of whom 723 (12.8%) developed POD. Univariate and multivariable logistic regression analyses based on random effects of different hospitals showed no significant association between midazolam medication and POD among older population (unadjusted RR=0.96, 95% CI: 0.90-1.30, P=0.38; adjusted RR=1.09, 95% CI: 0.91-1.33, P=0.35). Kaplan-Meier curve showed no difference in the distribution of time to POD onset (Hazard ratio [HR]=1.02, 95%CI: 0.88-1.18, P=0.82). The results of subgroup analyses found that intraoperative midazolam treatment was not associated with POD in the specific subgroups of patients.

Conclusions: Intraoperative administration of midazolam may not be associated with an increased risk of POD in older patients undergoing non-cardiac surgery.