Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.15666/aeer/2103_18691889
S. O. Okafor, Edwin M. Izueke, S. Onah, C. Ugwu, N. Chuke, J. Nkwede, C. Udenze, O. E. Okoye
. This study examined knowledge of symbiotic relationship between man and natural environment, climate change and their implications to sustainable environmental behaviour and sustainable development among the urban/semi urban settlers in southeast Nigeria. The study was guided by Environmentally Responsible Behaviour (ERB) model, to understand the extent of environmental and ecological knowledge, and pro environmental sustainability behaviour among the citizens. 640 respondents (18+) from 16 settlements across the region were randomly selected for the study, while survey design was adopted for the study with the aid of questionnaire instrument. The data collected were analysed with aid of descriptive and inferential statistics tools for testing the relationship of substantive variables in the study. From the findings of the study, positive predictors of knowledge of social ecology included public media enlightenment on environment (p < .000), public institution quality (p < .000) and environmental citizenship (p < .000). Knowledge of solid waste management (p < 0.01) positively correlate with pro environmental behaviour. Positive predictors of global climate change awareness include knowledge of the natural environment, public media enlightenment on environment and duration in the place of residence (p < .000).
{"title":"SOCIAL ECOLOGY, CLIMATE CHANGE AND ENVIRONMENTAL SUSTAINABILITY AMONG URBAN/SEMIURBAN SETTLEMENTS IN SOUTHEAST NIGERIA: PROBING ENVIRONMENTALLY RESPONSIBLE BEHAVIOUR AND COMMUNITY – SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT","authors":"S. O. Okafor, Edwin M. Izueke, S. Onah, C. Ugwu, N. Chuke, J. Nkwede, C. Udenze, O. E. Okoye","doi":"10.15666/aeer/2103_18691889","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15666/aeer/2103_18691889","url":null,"abstract":". This study examined knowledge of symbiotic relationship between man and natural environment, climate change and their implications to sustainable environmental behaviour and sustainable development among the urban/semi urban settlers in southeast Nigeria. The study was guided by Environmentally Responsible Behaviour (ERB) model, to understand the extent of environmental and ecological knowledge, and pro environmental sustainability behaviour among the citizens. 640 respondents (18+) from 16 settlements across the region were randomly selected for the study, while survey design was adopted for the study with the aid of questionnaire instrument. The data collected were analysed with aid of descriptive and inferential statistics tools for testing the relationship of substantive variables in the study. From the findings of the study, positive predictors of knowledge of social ecology included public media enlightenment on environment (p < .000), public institution quality (p < .000) and environmental citizenship (p < .000). Knowledge of solid waste management (p < 0.01) positively correlate with pro environmental behaviour. Positive predictors of global climate change awareness include knowledge of the natural environment, public media enlightenment on environment and duration in the place of residence (p < .000).","PeriodicalId":7975,"journal":{"name":"Applied Ecology and Environmental Research","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67128550","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.15666/aeer/2103_18371854
T. Yulianti, N. Hidayah, K. Wijayanti, S. Sujak, D. Sunarto, N. Nurindah, S. Supriadi, S. Subiyakto
. Sugarcane-trash management has now been widely applied in sugarcane cultivation systems. One of the sugarcane-trash managements is to return sugarcane bagasse to the land. In a tropical climate with humid and hot conditions, this practice would accelerate microbial activity to degrade the bagasse. This, further, results in providing the availability of organic matter in soil nutrients. However, bagasse is also an appropriate growing medium for soil-borne fungi such as Sclerotium rolfsii , Rhizoctonia solani
{"title":"SUGARCANE-TRASH MANAGEMENT FOR SUSTAINING SOIL HEALTH AND DECREASING RISK OF SOIL-BORNE DISEASES, PARTICULARLY IN TROPICAL REGIONS","authors":"T. Yulianti, N. Hidayah, K. Wijayanti, S. Sujak, D. Sunarto, N. Nurindah, S. Supriadi, S. Subiyakto","doi":"10.15666/aeer/2103_18371854","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15666/aeer/2103_18371854","url":null,"abstract":". Sugarcane-trash management has now been widely applied in sugarcane cultivation systems. One of the sugarcane-trash managements is to return sugarcane bagasse to the land. In a tropical climate with humid and hot conditions, this practice would accelerate microbial activity to degrade the bagasse. This, further, results in providing the availability of organic matter in soil nutrients. However, bagasse is also an appropriate growing medium for soil-borne fungi such as Sclerotium rolfsii , Rhizoctonia solani","PeriodicalId":7975,"journal":{"name":"Applied Ecology and Environmental Research","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67128869","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.15666/aeer/2103_25072519
L. Dai, X. Wang, Y. Ren, H. Deng, J. Liang, Y. Jiang, L. Ma, M. Imran, X. Tang, Z. Mo
. The pot experiment was carried out with two fragrant rice cultivars (Yuxiangyouzhan and Xiangyaxiangzhan) grown under six experimental treatments (CK: no application of selenium, Pb(NO 3 ) 2 , and CdCl 2 ; Se: application of 80 mg selenium fertilizer per pot; Pb: application of 80 mg Pb(NO 3 ) 2 per pot; Cd: application of 10 mg CdCl 2 per pot; SePb: application of 80 mg of Se fertilizer and 80 mg Pb(NO 3 ) 2 per pot; SeCd: application of 80 mg of Se fertilizer and 10 mg CdCl 2 per pot). The results showed that selenium application improved the yield of fragrant rice under lead and cadmium stress. The application of Se fertilizer treatment increased the grain yield of Yuxiangyouzhan under the Pb and Cd stress by 84.55% and 22.44%, respectively, and improved the grain yield of Xiangyaxiangzhan by 43.07% and 46.55%, respectively, as compared to no Se fertilizer treatment. The application of selenium fertilizer treatment significantly increased the total dry weight of fragrant rice as compared to no selenium fertilizer treatment under the Pb and Cd stress. The application of Se fertilizer regulated the activities of SOD, POD, and CAT and the content of MDA. Under the influence of selenium fertilizer, the variations in Cd and Pb concentration were cultivar-dependent. Our results suggested that the application of selenium fertilizer regulated the yield formation, due to the improvement in dry matter accumulation and the change in antioxidant response in fragrant rice.
{"title":"SELENIUM REGULATION OF THE GRAIN YIELD, DRY MATTER, ANTIOXIDANT ATTRIBUTES, AND METAL CONTENTS OF FRAGRANT RICE UNDER STRESS OF CADMIUM AND LEAD","authors":"L. Dai, X. Wang, Y. Ren, H. Deng, J. Liang, Y. Jiang, L. Ma, M. Imran, X. Tang, Z. Mo","doi":"10.15666/aeer/2103_25072519","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15666/aeer/2103_25072519","url":null,"abstract":". The pot experiment was carried out with two fragrant rice cultivars (Yuxiangyouzhan and Xiangyaxiangzhan) grown under six experimental treatments (CK: no application of selenium, Pb(NO 3 ) 2 , and CdCl 2 ; Se: application of 80 mg selenium fertilizer per pot; Pb: application of 80 mg Pb(NO 3 ) 2 per pot; Cd: application of 10 mg CdCl 2 per pot; SePb: application of 80 mg of Se fertilizer and 80 mg Pb(NO 3 ) 2 per pot; SeCd: application of 80 mg of Se fertilizer and 10 mg CdCl 2 per pot). The results showed that selenium application improved the yield of fragrant rice under lead and cadmium stress. The application of Se fertilizer treatment increased the grain yield of Yuxiangyouzhan under the Pb and Cd stress by 84.55% and 22.44%, respectively, and improved the grain yield of Xiangyaxiangzhan by 43.07% and 46.55%, respectively, as compared to no Se fertilizer treatment. The application of selenium fertilizer treatment significantly increased the total dry weight of fragrant rice as compared to no selenium fertilizer treatment under the Pb and Cd stress. The application of Se fertilizer regulated the activities of SOD, POD, and CAT and the content of MDA. Under the influence of selenium fertilizer, the variations in Cd and Pb concentration were cultivar-dependent. Our results suggested that the application of selenium fertilizer regulated the yield formation, due to the improvement in dry matter accumulation and the change in antioxidant response in fragrant rice.","PeriodicalId":7975,"journal":{"name":"Applied Ecology and Environmental Research","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67129983","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.15666/aeer/2103_26832698
R. Al-Hindi, A. Bahieldin, S. Edris, I. Alotibi, S. Azhari, M. Alharbi
. In this study, two lytic phages were isolated which were designated as KPO1 and KPO2. These phages formed medium plaques with different size and had a head with a diameter of 54 ± 3.0 and 56 and ± 3.0 nm, respectively. They had a flexible, long noncontractile tail with a length of 85 ± 3.0 and 160 ± 3.0 nm, respectively. Both belong to order Caudovirales family Siphoviridae . They were stable at 4°C to 70°C upon thermal exposure and not viable at 80 o C and 90 o C, respectively. Concerning the pH stability, both retained a high titer (average: 8.1 log 10 PFU/mL) from pH 4 to pH 10 for 1 h. No viable virions were detected at pH 12 and pH 2. The burst size of KPO1 and KPO2 computed as 98 and 110 virions per infected cells with the corresponding latent period of 23 min and 15 min, respectively. The in vitro lytic kinetics of the cocktail of KPO1 and KPO2 was evaluated against Klebsiella pneumoniae strain INF079. The highest reduction of K. pneumoniae were observed at 0.1MOI for both phages. According to the findings, the prepared phage cocktail significantly reduced the bacterial concentration from 0.4 to 0.12 at 38 h of post infection ( p < 0.05). Hence, phages KPO1 and KPO2 could be a promising therapeutic agent for the urinary tract infections caused by K. pneumoniae .
{"title":"EVALUATION OF THE LYTIC KINETICS OF A COCKTAIL OF TWO WASTEWATER SIPHOVIRIDAE BACTERIOPHAGES AGAINST UROPATHOGENIC KLEBSIELLA PNEUMONIAE","authors":"R. Al-Hindi, A. Bahieldin, S. Edris, I. Alotibi, S. Azhari, M. Alharbi","doi":"10.15666/aeer/2103_26832698","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15666/aeer/2103_26832698","url":null,"abstract":". In this study, two lytic phages were isolated which were designated as KPO1 and KPO2. These phages formed medium plaques with different size and had a head with a diameter of 54 ± 3.0 and 56 and ± 3.0 nm, respectively. They had a flexible, long noncontractile tail with a length of 85 ± 3.0 and 160 ± 3.0 nm, respectively. Both belong to order Caudovirales family Siphoviridae . They were stable at 4°C to 70°C upon thermal exposure and not viable at 80 o C and 90 o C, respectively. Concerning the pH stability, both retained a high titer (average: 8.1 log 10 PFU/mL) from pH 4 to pH 10 for 1 h. No viable virions were detected at pH 12 and pH 2. The burst size of KPO1 and KPO2 computed as 98 and 110 virions per infected cells with the corresponding latent period of 23 min and 15 min, respectively. The in vitro lytic kinetics of the cocktail of KPO1 and KPO2 was evaluated against Klebsiella pneumoniae strain INF079. The highest reduction of K. pneumoniae were observed at 0.1MOI for both phages. According to the findings, the prepared phage cocktail significantly reduced the bacterial concentration from 0.4 to 0.12 at 38 h of post infection ( p < 0.05). Hence, phages KPO1 and KPO2 could be a promising therapeutic agent for the urinary tract infections caused by K. pneumoniae .","PeriodicalId":7975,"journal":{"name":"Applied Ecology and Environmental Research","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67130107","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.15666/aeer/2103_26252640
Setyowati, E. S. Rahayu, H. Irianto, J. Sutrisno
{"title":"PRODUCTION AND PRICE RISK ANALYSIS OF SHALLOT (ALLIUM STIPITATUM REGEL) CULTIVATION AMONG FARM HOUSEHOLDS IN BREBES DISTRICT, INDONESIA","authors":"Setyowati, E. S. Rahayu, H. Irianto, J. Sutrisno","doi":"10.15666/aeer/2103_26252640","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15666/aeer/2103_26252640","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":7975,"journal":{"name":"Applied Ecology and Environmental Research","volume":"73 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67130342","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.15666/aeer/2103_27312745
K. M. Tuğrul, C. K. Bozbay
{"title":"EFFECT OF TWO TYPES OF MOWERS ON CROP DRYING RATE, YIELD AND QUALITY OF ALFALFA (Medicago sativa L.)","authors":"K. M. Tuğrul, C. K. Bozbay","doi":"10.15666/aeer/2103_27312745","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15666/aeer/2103_27312745","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":7975,"journal":{"name":"Applied Ecology and Environmental Research","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67130848","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.15666/aeer/2104_29132930
F. Yeneayehu, Y. You, X.W. Xu, Y. Wang
. Currently, woody invasive species cause for environmental and economic impacts and effect on country gross domestic product. This is observed in Borana rangeland where several woody invasive species infestation happened. This paper aimed to estimate environmental and economic cost of woody invasive species focusing on its distribution and abundance using participatory survey approaches. This approach estimates an average cost for each species by a ratio of management costs, and the annually expenditures incurred by a variety of households. Twelve (12) dominating woody invasive species were recorded in Borana rangeland that are encroached major part of grazing area and Acacia species are the most dominant one. Annually, from each household an estimated total of $29.9 million or 1.1 billion Ethiopian birr economic cost was recorded due to encroachment of woody invasive species and annual economic cost per person was around $424 or 15,137 Ethiopian birr. Cost estimates are the highest for Acacia species ( Acacia drepanolobium, Acacia bussei and Acacia mellifera ) accounting for 66% of the total estimated economic cost, followed by Capparis tomentosa, which also adversely impacts on ecological services. Such economic cost assessment of woody invasive species used as a monetary basis for ranking the species based on their impact and take prioritizing management actions. Further, the cost estimate approach used in this study could help as a model for woody invasive species economic impact assessments in other part of the rangeland area.
{"title":"ESTIMATION OF ENVIRONMENTAL AND ECONOMIC COSTS ASSOCIATED WITH ENCROACHMENT OF WOODY INVASIVE SPECIES IN THE BORANA RANGELAND, SOUTHERN ETHIOPIA: USING PARTICIPATORY APPROACH","authors":"F. Yeneayehu, Y. You, X.W. Xu, Y. Wang","doi":"10.15666/aeer/2104_29132930","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15666/aeer/2104_29132930","url":null,"abstract":". Currently, woody invasive species cause for environmental and economic impacts and effect on country gross domestic product. This is observed in Borana rangeland where several woody invasive species infestation happened. This paper aimed to estimate environmental and economic cost of woody invasive species focusing on its distribution and abundance using participatory survey approaches. This approach estimates an average cost for each species by a ratio of management costs, and the annually expenditures incurred by a variety of households. Twelve (12) dominating woody invasive species were recorded in Borana rangeland that are encroached major part of grazing area and Acacia species are the most dominant one. Annually, from each household an estimated total of $29.9 million or 1.1 billion Ethiopian birr economic cost was recorded due to encroachment of woody invasive species and annual economic cost per person was around $424 or 15,137 Ethiopian birr. Cost estimates are the highest for Acacia species ( Acacia drepanolobium, Acacia bussei and Acacia mellifera ) accounting for 66% of the total estimated economic cost, followed by Capparis tomentosa, which also adversely impacts on ecological services. Such economic cost assessment of woody invasive species used as a monetary basis for ranking the species based on their impact and take prioritizing management actions. Further, the cost estimate approach used in this study could help as a model for woody invasive species economic impact assessments in other part of the rangeland area.","PeriodicalId":7975,"journal":{"name":"Applied Ecology and Environmental Research","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67130961","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.15666/aeer/2104_28492862
L. Bairwa, Indu, N. Dikshit, Rajesh Kumar Singhal, K. Nagar, Dalip, S. Ahmed, N. Dodiya, W. Soufan, M. Iqbal, M. Rahman, A. El Sabagh
. Agro-morphological attributes are the key parameters for evaluating field crops including fodders. The genetic divergence of cereal forages provide sustainability to modern intensive production systems in the worlds. Changing climate situation is challenging for sorghum and other field crops. Therefore, characterization of agro-morphological attributes of sorghum is crucial for plant fitness, adaptability, livestock and human food supply in the worlds. A field study in the regular arrangement of randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications was conducted at the experimental farm, RCA, Udaipur. The study was aimed to evaluate and characterize sixteen multi-cut fodder sorghum genotypes for various agro-morphological traits. As per recorded data, genotypes displayed significant variability for various traits. Additionally, green fodder yield (GFY) at first cut manifested significant and positive association with regeneration score whereas genotypic and phenotypic coefficient variation (GCV & PCV) remained high for dry fodder yield at second cut. Furthermore, high heritability (h 2 ) along with high expected genetic gains were exhibited by dry fodder yield at second cut. Moreover, plant height exhibited the maximum direct effect on green fodder yield at first cut followed by regeneration ability score and leaf: stem ratio. To conclude, genotype SPH-1877 showed better performance for green fodder and dry fodder yield, and also exhibited better regeneration score compared to the rest of the genotypes. This study suggests that the best sorghum cultivar with better agro-morphological and yield related traits can be useful for sustainable sorghum production and ensuring the fodder supply for livestock.
{"title":"FIELD EVALUATION OF SIXTEEN MULTI-CUT FODDER SORGHUM [SORGHUM BICOLOR (L.) MOENCH GENOTYPES BASED ON THEIR AGRO-MORPHOLOGICALATTRIBUTES","authors":"L. Bairwa, Indu, N. Dikshit, Rajesh Kumar Singhal, K. Nagar, Dalip, S. Ahmed, N. Dodiya, W. Soufan, M. Iqbal, M. Rahman, A. El Sabagh","doi":"10.15666/aeer/2104_28492862","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15666/aeer/2104_28492862","url":null,"abstract":". Agro-morphological attributes are the key parameters for evaluating field crops including fodders. The genetic divergence of cereal forages provide sustainability to modern intensive production systems in the worlds. Changing climate situation is challenging for sorghum and other field crops. Therefore, characterization of agro-morphological attributes of sorghum is crucial for plant fitness, adaptability, livestock and human food supply in the worlds. A field study in the regular arrangement of randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications was conducted at the experimental farm, RCA, Udaipur. The study was aimed to evaluate and characterize sixteen multi-cut fodder sorghum genotypes for various agro-morphological traits. As per recorded data, genotypes displayed significant variability for various traits. Additionally, green fodder yield (GFY) at first cut manifested significant and positive association with regeneration score whereas genotypic and phenotypic coefficient variation (GCV & PCV) remained high for dry fodder yield at second cut. Furthermore, high heritability (h 2 ) along with high expected genetic gains were exhibited by dry fodder yield at second cut. Moreover, plant height exhibited the maximum direct effect on green fodder yield at first cut followed by regeneration ability score and leaf: stem ratio. To conclude, genotype SPH-1877 showed better performance for green fodder and dry fodder yield, and also exhibited better regeneration score compared to the rest of the genotypes. This study suggests that the best sorghum cultivar with better agro-morphological and yield related traits can be useful for sustainable sorghum production and ensuring the fodder supply for livestock.","PeriodicalId":7975,"journal":{"name":"Applied Ecology and Environmental Research","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67131249","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.15666/aeer/2104_30453056
H. Ullah, T. Aziz, A. Sarwar, Z. Khan, M. Shahzad, M. Alharbi, A. Alsahammari
. Naswar is a smokeless tobacco product, commonly consumed in Pashtun population of Pakistan and Afghanistan. Despite being an established risk factor for oral cancer, not much is known about microbiological constituents of Naswar. Objectives: The objective of the study was to explore bacterial diversity in Naswar using shotgun metagenomic sequencing. Methodology: DNA was extracted from twelve (n = 12) famous brands of Naswar samples using an enzymatic and mechanical lysis method followed by next generation sequencing on Illumina Miseq platform. Results: Naswar samples exhibits differential abundance profile at all taxonomic levels with Khamar brand having the highest species richness and diversity indices. Of the total 22 phyla identified, phylum Proteobacteria was the most abundant (88.4%) followed by Bacteroidetes (4.71%) and Firmicutes (3.73%). At genus level, 234 genera (range: 32 – 132) were identified. Metagenomic sequencing also revealed presence of 455 (range: 44 – 210) different bacterial species in Naswar samples. The most common species were Pesudomonas aurgenosa , Yersinia enterocolitica , Salmonella enterica , Xanthomonas campestris , and E. coli . Some of the species are of concern due their ability to cause infections in humans. Conclusions: Naswar products harbor diverse bacterial microbiota with differential abundance at phylum, genus and species level. These findings may have several implications in terms of further research to explore microbiological associated health risks and provide scientific evidence to inform potential regulations regarding manufacturing and testing of Naswar in Pakistan.
{"title":"EVALUATING THE BACTERIAL DIVERSITY OF SMOKELESS TOBACCO PRODUCT USING SHOTGUN METAGENOMIC ANALYSIS","authors":"H. Ullah, T. Aziz, A. Sarwar, Z. Khan, M. Shahzad, M. Alharbi, A. Alsahammari","doi":"10.15666/aeer/2104_30453056","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15666/aeer/2104_30453056","url":null,"abstract":". Naswar is a smokeless tobacco product, commonly consumed in Pashtun population of Pakistan and Afghanistan. Despite being an established risk factor for oral cancer, not much is known about microbiological constituents of Naswar. Objectives: The objective of the study was to explore bacterial diversity in Naswar using shotgun metagenomic sequencing. Methodology: DNA was extracted from twelve (n = 12) famous brands of Naswar samples using an enzymatic and mechanical lysis method followed by next generation sequencing on Illumina Miseq platform. Results: Naswar samples exhibits differential abundance profile at all taxonomic levels with Khamar brand having the highest species richness and diversity indices. Of the total 22 phyla identified, phylum Proteobacteria was the most abundant (88.4%) followed by Bacteroidetes (4.71%) and Firmicutes (3.73%). At genus level, 234 genera (range: 32 – 132) were identified. Metagenomic sequencing also revealed presence of 455 (range: 44 – 210) different bacterial species in Naswar samples. The most common species were Pesudomonas aurgenosa , Yersinia enterocolitica , Salmonella enterica , Xanthomonas campestris , and E. coli . Some of the species are of concern due their ability to cause infections in humans. Conclusions: Naswar products harbor diverse bacterial microbiota with differential abundance at phylum, genus and species level. These findings may have several implications in terms of further research to explore microbiological associated health risks and provide scientific evidence to inform potential regulations regarding manufacturing and testing of Naswar in Pakistan.","PeriodicalId":7975,"journal":{"name":"Applied Ecology and Environmental Research","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67131586","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.15666/aeer/2104_32433256
M. E. Bozyel, K. Canlı, A. Benek, O. Simsek, I. Akata, Ergin Murat Altuner
. Salvia fruticosa (Anatolian sage) is a medicinal plant with a natural distribution in the Central and Eastern Mediterranean. It has ethnomedicinal uses in traditional medicine. The aim of this study was to investigate the biochemical composition and in vitro antimicrobial and antioxidant activities of S. fruticosa . The in vitro antimicrobial activity of S. fruticosa ethanol extract (SFEt) by disk diffusion method against thirty-nine bacterial (including eleven multidrug-resistant strains) and two fungal strains was examined. The determination of antioxidant activity was carried out by the DPPH method. The identification of biochemical composition was by GC-MS. Twenty-three components were identified in SFEt and the main one was D-camphor (20.27%). SFEt has antimicrobial activity against a wide range of microorganisms tested. The highest activity has been demonstrated against Staphylococcus epidermidis DSMZ 20044 (ST12) as a Gram-positive bacteria with a 21 mm zone of inhibition and Proteus vulgaris (MDR6) as a Gram-negative bacteria with a 13 mm zone of inhibition. Also, the data from Streptococcus pneumonia (MDR7) was very striking because a higher activity has been observed than fourteen positive controls. SFEt showed antioxidant activity almost as high as Ascorbic acid. These results have shown that S. fruticosa has a high antimicrobial and antioxidant potential.
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