Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.15666/aeer/2104_28492862
L. Bairwa, Indu, N. Dikshit, Rajesh Kumar Singhal, K. Nagar, Dalip, S. Ahmed, N. Dodiya, W. Soufan, M. Iqbal, M. Rahman, A. El Sabagh
. Agro-morphological attributes are the key parameters for evaluating field crops including fodders. The genetic divergence of cereal forages provide sustainability to modern intensive production systems in the worlds. Changing climate situation is challenging for sorghum and other field crops. Therefore, characterization of agro-morphological attributes of sorghum is crucial for plant fitness, adaptability, livestock and human food supply in the worlds. A field study in the regular arrangement of randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications was conducted at the experimental farm, RCA, Udaipur. The study was aimed to evaluate and characterize sixteen multi-cut fodder sorghum genotypes for various agro-morphological traits. As per recorded data, genotypes displayed significant variability for various traits. Additionally, green fodder yield (GFY) at first cut manifested significant and positive association with regeneration score whereas genotypic and phenotypic coefficient variation (GCV & PCV) remained high for dry fodder yield at second cut. Furthermore, high heritability (h 2 ) along with high expected genetic gains were exhibited by dry fodder yield at second cut. Moreover, plant height exhibited the maximum direct effect on green fodder yield at first cut followed by regeneration ability score and leaf: stem ratio. To conclude, genotype SPH-1877 showed better performance for green fodder and dry fodder yield, and also exhibited better regeneration score compared to the rest of the genotypes. This study suggests that the best sorghum cultivar with better agro-morphological and yield related traits can be useful for sustainable sorghum production and ensuring the fodder supply for livestock.
{"title":"FIELD EVALUATION OF SIXTEEN MULTI-CUT FODDER SORGHUM [SORGHUM BICOLOR (L.) MOENCH GENOTYPES BASED ON THEIR AGRO-MORPHOLOGICALATTRIBUTES","authors":"L. Bairwa, Indu, N. Dikshit, Rajesh Kumar Singhal, K. Nagar, Dalip, S. Ahmed, N. Dodiya, W. Soufan, M. Iqbal, M. Rahman, A. El Sabagh","doi":"10.15666/aeer/2104_28492862","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15666/aeer/2104_28492862","url":null,"abstract":". Agro-morphological attributes are the key parameters for evaluating field crops including fodders. The genetic divergence of cereal forages provide sustainability to modern intensive production systems in the worlds. Changing climate situation is challenging for sorghum and other field crops. Therefore, characterization of agro-morphological attributes of sorghum is crucial for plant fitness, adaptability, livestock and human food supply in the worlds. A field study in the regular arrangement of randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications was conducted at the experimental farm, RCA, Udaipur. The study was aimed to evaluate and characterize sixteen multi-cut fodder sorghum genotypes for various agro-morphological traits. As per recorded data, genotypes displayed significant variability for various traits. Additionally, green fodder yield (GFY) at first cut manifested significant and positive association with regeneration score whereas genotypic and phenotypic coefficient variation (GCV & PCV) remained high for dry fodder yield at second cut. Furthermore, high heritability (h 2 ) along with high expected genetic gains were exhibited by dry fodder yield at second cut. Moreover, plant height exhibited the maximum direct effect on green fodder yield at first cut followed by regeneration ability score and leaf: stem ratio. To conclude, genotype SPH-1877 showed better performance for green fodder and dry fodder yield, and also exhibited better regeneration score compared to the rest of the genotypes. This study suggests that the best sorghum cultivar with better agro-morphological and yield related traits can be useful for sustainable sorghum production and ensuring the fodder supply for livestock.","PeriodicalId":7975,"journal":{"name":"Applied Ecology and Environmental Research","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67131249","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.15666/aeer/2104_30453056
H. Ullah, T. Aziz, A. Sarwar, Z. Khan, M. Shahzad, M. Alharbi, A. Alsahammari
. Naswar is a smokeless tobacco product, commonly consumed in Pashtun population of Pakistan and Afghanistan. Despite being an established risk factor for oral cancer, not much is known about microbiological constituents of Naswar. Objectives: The objective of the study was to explore bacterial diversity in Naswar using shotgun metagenomic sequencing. Methodology: DNA was extracted from twelve (n = 12) famous brands of Naswar samples using an enzymatic and mechanical lysis method followed by next generation sequencing on Illumina Miseq platform. Results: Naswar samples exhibits differential abundance profile at all taxonomic levels with Khamar brand having the highest species richness and diversity indices. Of the total 22 phyla identified, phylum Proteobacteria was the most abundant (88.4%) followed by Bacteroidetes (4.71%) and Firmicutes (3.73%). At genus level, 234 genera (range: 32 – 132) were identified. Metagenomic sequencing also revealed presence of 455 (range: 44 – 210) different bacterial species in Naswar samples. The most common species were Pesudomonas aurgenosa , Yersinia enterocolitica , Salmonella enterica , Xanthomonas campestris , and E. coli . Some of the species are of concern due their ability to cause infections in humans. Conclusions: Naswar products harbor diverse bacterial microbiota with differential abundance at phylum, genus and species level. These findings may have several implications in terms of further research to explore microbiological associated health risks and provide scientific evidence to inform potential regulations regarding manufacturing and testing of Naswar in Pakistan.
{"title":"EVALUATING THE BACTERIAL DIVERSITY OF SMOKELESS TOBACCO PRODUCT USING SHOTGUN METAGENOMIC ANALYSIS","authors":"H. Ullah, T. Aziz, A. Sarwar, Z. Khan, M. Shahzad, M. Alharbi, A. Alsahammari","doi":"10.15666/aeer/2104_30453056","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15666/aeer/2104_30453056","url":null,"abstract":". Naswar is a smokeless tobacco product, commonly consumed in Pashtun population of Pakistan and Afghanistan. Despite being an established risk factor for oral cancer, not much is known about microbiological constituents of Naswar. Objectives: The objective of the study was to explore bacterial diversity in Naswar using shotgun metagenomic sequencing. Methodology: DNA was extracted from twelve (n = 12) famous brands of Naswar samples using an enzymatic and mechanical lysis method followed by next generation sequencing on Illumina Miseq platform. Results: Naswar samples exhibits differential abundance profile at all taxonomic levels with Khamar brand having the highest species richness and diversity indices. Of the total 22 phyla identified, phylum Proteobacteria was the most abundant (88.4%) followed by Bacteroidetes (4.71%) and Firmicutes (3.73%). At genus level, 234 genera (range: 32 – 132) were identified. Metagenomic sequencing also revealed presence of 455 (range: 44 – 210) different bacterial species in Naswar samples. The most common species were Pesudomonas aurgenosa , Yersinia enterocolitica , Salmonella enterica , Xanthomonas campestris , and E. coli . Some of the species are of concern due their ability to cause infections in humans. Conclusions: Naswar products harbor diverse bacterial microbiota with differential abundance at phylum, genus and species level. These findings may have several implications in terms of further research to explore microbiological associated health risks and provide scientific evidence to inform potential regulations regarding manufacturing and testing of Naswar in Pakistan.","PeriodicalId":7975,"journal":{"name":"Applied Ecology and Environmental Research","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67131586","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.15666/aeer/2104_32433256
M. E. Bozyel, K. Canlı, A. Benek, O. Simsek, I. Akata, Ergin Murat Altuner
. Salvia fruticosa (Anatolian sage) is a medicinal plant with a natural distribution in the Central and Eastern Mediterranean. It has ethnomedicinal uses in traditional medicine. The aim of this study was to investigate the biochemical composition and in vitro antimicrobial and antioxidant activities of S. fruticosa . The in vitro antimicrobial activity of S. fruticosa ethanol extract (SFEt) by disk diffusion method against thirty-nine bacterial (including eleven multidrug-resistant strains) and two fungal strains was examined. The determination of antioxidant activity was carried out by the DPPH method. The identification of biochemical composition was by GC-MS. Twenty-three components were identified in SFEt and the main one was D-camphor (20.27%). SFEt has antimicrobial activity against a wide range of microorganisms tested. The highest activity has been demonstrated against Staphylococcus epidermidis DSMZ 20044 (ST12) as a Gram-positive bacteria with a 21 mm zone of inhibition and Proteus vulgaris (MDR6) as a Gram-negative bacteria with a 13 mm zone of inhibition. Also, the data from Streptococcus pneumonia (MDR7) was very striking because a higher activity has been observed than fourteen positive controls. SFEt showed antioxidant activity almost as high as Ascorbic acid. These results have shown that S. fruticosa has a high antimicrobial and antioxidant potential.
{"title":"BIOCHEMICAL COMPOSITION, AND IN VITRO ANTIMICROBIAL AND ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITIES OF SALVIA FRUTICOSA, AN ETHNOMEDICINAL PLANT","authors":"M. E. Bozyel, K. Canlı, A. Benek, O. Simsek, I. Akata, Ergin Murat Altuner","doi":"10.15666/aeer/2104_32433256","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15666/aeer/2104_32433256","url":null,"abstract":". Salvia fruticosa (Anatolian sage) is a medicinal plant with a natural distribution in the Central and Eastern Mediterranean. It has ethnomedicinal uses in traditional medicine. The aim of this study was to investigate the biochemical composition and in vitro antimicrobial and antioxidant activities of S. fruticosa . The in vitro antimicrobial activity of S. fruticosa ethanol extract (SFEt) by disk diffusion method against thirty-nine bacterial (including eleven multidrug-resistant strains) and two fungal strains was examined. The determination of antioxidant activity was carried out by the DPPH method. The identification of biochemical composition was by GC-MS. Twenty-three components were identified in SFEt and the main one was D-camphor (20.27%). SFEt has antimicrobial activity against a wide range of microorganisms tested. The highest activity has been demonstrated against Staphylococcus epidermidis DSMZ 20044 (ST12) as a Gram-positive bacteria with a 21 mm zone of inhibition and Proteus vulgaris (MDR6) as a Gram-negative bacteria with a 13 mm zone of inhibition. Also, the data from Streptococcus pneumonia (MDR7) was very striking because a higher activity has been observed than fourteen positive controls. SFEt showed antioxidant activity almost as high as Ascorbic acid. These results have shown that S. fruticosa has a high antimicrobial and antioxidant potential.","PeriodicalId":7975,"journal":{"name":"Applied Ecology and Environmental Research","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67132019","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.15666/aeer/2104_34833496
Y. Zhao, Shuanwang Qi, Z. Bao, Z. Liu, Bao-guo Ma
. In North China, the shortage of water resources is one of the main restricting factors of agricultural production. In order to alleviate the two problems of agricultural water shortage and mine water discharge and promote the safe utilization of mine water resources. In this paper, the soil column test was used to study the effects of different models of mine water irrigation on the vertical distribution of soil nutrients, salinity and metals. The results show that mine water irrigation can improve soil fertility, and increase the risk of soil and groundwater pollution; mine water irrigation can increase soil salinity, the contents of K + , Na + , Ca 2+ , Mg 2+ , Cl - and SO 4 2-increased significantly in 0-10 cm and 60-80 cm soil layers, which did not cause soil salinization and alkalization in a short time, and the pH value of soil was not affected by irrigation water quality; mine water irrigation increased the concentrations of Cd and Pb in soil, which accumulated most obviously in 0-20 cm soil layer, which caused soil Cd exceeding the secondary soil environmental standard (Cd = 1.00 mg·kg -1 ); the mixed irrigation (mine water and clean water) and rotational irrigation could reduce the pollution risk of nitrogen of groundwater, soil salinization, alkalization, Cd and Pb metals.
{"title":"EFFECTS OF MINE WATER IRRIGATION ON VERTICAL DISTRIBUTION OF SOIL NUTRIENTS, SALTS AND METALS","authors":"Y. Zhao, Shuanwang Qi, Z. Bao, Z. Liu, Bao-guo Ma","doi":"10.15666/aeer/2104_34833496","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15666/aeer/2104_34833496","url":null,"abstract":". In North China, the shortage of water resources is one of the main restricting factors of agricultural production. In order to alleviate the two problems of agricultural water shortage and mine water discharge and promote the safe utilization of mine water resources. In this paper, the soil column test was used to study the effects of different models of mine water irrigation on the vertical distribution of soil nutrients, salinity and metals. The results show that mine water irrigation can improve soil fertility, and increase the risk of soil and groundwater pollution; mine water irrigation can increase soil salinity, the contents of K + , Na + , Ca 2+ , Mg 2+ , Cl - and SO 4 2-increased significantly in 0-10 cm and 60-80 cm soil layers, which did not cause soil salinization and alkalization in a short time, and the pH value of soil was not affected by irrigation water quality; mine water irrigation increased the concentrations of Cd and Pb in soil, which accumulated most obviously in 0-20 cm soil layer, which caused soil Cd exceeding the secondary soil environmental standard (Cd = 1.00 mg·kg -1 ); the mixed irrigation (mine water and clean water) and rotational irrigation could reduce the pollution risk of nitrogen of groundwater, soil salinization, alkalization, Cd and Pb metals.","PeriodicalId":7975,"journal":{"name":"Applied Ecology and Environmental Research","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67132737","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.15666/aeer/2104_35613573
S. Ilic, M. Perović, O. Kosanin, R. Cvjetićanin
. Rosemary-leaved willow ( Salix rosmarinofolia L.) is a rare and protected species in Serbia. The research was based on ecological characteristics of this species (climatic, vegetational and edaphic) as well as its taxonomical characteristics in Vojvodina region - the northern part of Serbia, where two rosemary-leaved willow sites occur (Subotica-Horgos sand and Deliblato sand). The climate is temperate continental. This willow is the dominant species in two ecologically very similar plant communities, Holoschoeno-Salicetum rosmarinifoliae Stjep. Vesel. 1953. in Deliblato sand and Festucetum vaginatae mixtum Gaj. 1986. salicetosum rosmarinifoliae (Mag 1953) Soo 1939 in Subotica-Horgos sand. These communities are strongly xerophilous, when it comes to moisture requirements. They are strongly intolerant to light and they prefer alkaline soils. In relation to warmth, they are mesothermal to thermophilous. Hemicryptophytes are the dominant life form in the spectrum of life forms, followed by phanerophytes and therophytes. Pontic-Central Asian group is the most frequent in the spectrum of floral elements. Two varieties of Salix rosmarinifolia L. are present-var. rosmarinifolia , which dominates in both localities and var. argyotricha . The geological bedrock on both localities is made of sand, and soils belong to Glaysol (Calcaric, Arenic). Fraction of fine sand absolutely dominates, humus content is relatively low, while soil reaction is mildly alkaline. Soils are poorly supplied with phosphorus, while the potassium supply is somewhat better. Occurrence of rusty-grayish zones in deeper soil layer indicates fluctuation in underground water level and reduction-oxidation processes.
{"title":"TAXONOMIC AND ECOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF ROSEMARY-LEAVED WILLOW (SALIX ROSMARINIFOLIA L.) IN VOJVODINA REGION IN SERBIA","authors":"S. Ilic, M. Perović, O. Kosanin, R. Cvjetićanin","doi":"10.15666/aeer/2104_35613573","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15666/aeer/2104_35613573","url":null,"abstract":". Rosemary-leaved willow ( Salix rosmarinofolia L.) is a rare and protected species in Serbia. The research was based on ecological characteristics of this species (climatic, vegetational and edaphic) as well as its taxonomical characteristics in Vojvodina region - the northern part of Serbia, where two rosemary-leaved willow sites occur (Subotica-Horgos sand and Deliblato sand). The climate is temperate continental. This willow is the dominant species in two ecologically very similar plant communities, Holoschoeno-Salicetum rosmarinifoliae Stjep. Vesel. 1953. in Deliblato sand and Festucetum vaginatae mixtum Gaj. 1986. salicetosum rosmarinifoliae (Mag 1953) Soo 1939 in Subotica-Horgos sand. These communities are strongly xerophilous, when it comes to moisture requirements. They are strongly intolerant to light and they prefer alkaline soils. In relation to warmth, they are mesothermal to thermophilous. Hemicryptophytes are the dominant life form in the spectrum of life forms, followed by phanerophytes and therophytes. Pontic-Central Asian group is the most frequent in the spectrum of floral elements. Two varieties of Salix rosmarinifolia L. are present-var. rosmarinifolia , which dominates in both localities and var. argyotricha . The geological bedrock on both localities is made of sand, and soils belong to Glaysol (Calcaric, Arenic). Fraction of fine sand absolutely dominates, humus content is relatively low, while soil reaction is mildly alkaline. Soils are poorly supplied with phosphorus, while the potassium supply is somewhat better. Occurrence of rusty-grayish zones in deeper soil layer indicates fluctuation in underground water level and reduction-oxidation processes.","PeriodicalId":7975,"journal":{"name":"Applied Ecology and Environmental Research","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67132793","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.15666/aeer/2103_25772592
S. K. Paul, A. Ghosh, M. H. Rashid, S. Sarkar, M. Sarkar, W. Soufan, M. Iqbal, V.S. JOHN SUNOJ, D. Ratnasekera, A. El Sabagh
. The optimization of plant nutrients and irrigation regimes hold potential to boost maize growth, cob yield, herbage biomass and revenue generation of maize. A field study was conducted to optimize irrigation and fertilization management for dual-purpose maize. The experiment was comprised four irrigation regimes viz. no irrigation (I 0 ), one irrigation 20 days after sowing (DAS) (I 1 ), two irrigations 20 and 40 DAS (I 2 ), and three irrigations 20, 40 and 60 DAS (I 3 ). The fertilization regimes included a treatment with recommended dose of fertilizers (RDF) (275-125-80-125-8 kg ha -1 of nitrogen, phosphorous, potassium, gypsum and sulfur) (F 1 ), poultry manure (PM) (5 t ha -1 ) (F 2 ), 75% RDF + PM (2.5 t ha -1 ) (F 3 ), and 50% RDF + PM (5 t ha -1 ) (F 4 ). Combination of I 3 and F 3 outperformed other treatment combinations in terms of most of the yield attributes such as plant height (177.72 cm), cob length with (8.36 cm) and without husk (1.62 cm), and cob (without husk) yield (3.86 t ha -1 ). This treatment combination also produced maize with the highest protein content of leaves and cobs. However, the highest green herbage yield (29.99 t ha -1 ) was recorded with I 1 ×F 1 , which remained at par with I 1 ×F 3 . It took 20 additional days for crop switching from fodder harvest to attain baby corn maturity. The economic analysis revealed that I 3 ×F 3 treatment combination generated the greatest economic revenue.
． 植物养分和灌溉制度的优化具有促进玉米生长、玉米芯产量、牧草生物量和玉米创收的潜力。对双用途玉米进行了优化灌溉施肥管理的田间试验。试验包括4个灌溉方案，即不灌溉(I 0)、播种后20天一次灌溉(I 1)、播种后20天和40天两次灌溉(I 2)、播种后20天和60天三次灌溉(I 3)。施肥方案包括使用推荐剂量的肥料(RDF)(275-125-80-125-8千克/公顷-1氮、磷、钾、石膏和硫)(f1)、禽粪(PM)(5吨/公顷-1)(f2)、75% RDF + PM(2.5吨/公顷-1)(f3)和50% RDF + PM(5吨/公顷-1)(f4)。i3和f3组合在株高(177.72 cm)、带壳(8.36 cm)和无壳(1.62 cm)穗轴长(3.86 t ha -1)等大部分产量属性上均优于其他处理组合。该处理组合的玉米叶片和穗轴蛋白质含量也最高。但绿草产量最高的是I 1 ×F 1，与I 1 ×F 3持平，为29.99 t / h。从饲料收获到小玉米成熟，作物转换多花了20天。经济分析表明，i3 ×F 3处理组合产生的经济收益最大。
{"title":"COB YIELD, NUTRITIONAL QUALITY AND HERBAGE PRODUCTIVITY OF BABY CORN AS INFLUENCED BY IRRIGATION AND INTEGRATED NUTRIENT FERTILIZATION","authors":"S. K. Paul, A. Ghosh, M. H. Rashid, S. Sarkar, M. Sarkar, W. Soufan, M. Iqbal, V.S. JOHN SUNOJ, D. Ratnasekera, A. El Sabagh","doi":"10.15666/aeer/2103_25772592","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15666/aeer/2103_25772592","url":null,"abstract":". The optimization of plant nutrients and irrigation regimes hold potential to boost maize growth, cob yield, herbage biomass and revenue generation of maize. A field study was conducted to optimize irrigation and fertilization management for dual-purpose maize. The experiment was comprised four irrigation regimes viz. no irrigation (I 0 ), one irrigation 20 days after sowing (DAS) (I 1 ), two irrigations 20 and 40 DAS (I 2 ), and three irrigations 20, 40 and 60 DAS (I 3 ). The fertilization regimes included a treatment with recommended dose of fertilizers (RDF) (275-125-80-125-8 kg ha -1 of nitrogen, phosphorous, potassium, gypsum and sulfur) (F 1 ), poultry manure (PM) (5 t ha -1 ) (F 2 ), 75% RDF + PM (2.5 t ha -1 ) (F 3 ), and 50% RDF + PM (5 t ha -1 ) (F 4 ). Combination of I 3 and F 3 outperformed other treatment combinations in terms of most of the yield attributes such as plant height (177.72 cm), cob length with (8.36 cm) and without husk (1.62 cm), and cob (without husk) yield (3.86 t ha -1 ). This treatment combination also produced maize with the highest protein content of leaves and cobs. However, the highest green herbage yield (29.99 t ha -1 ) was recorded with I 1 ×F 1 , which remained at par with I 1 ×F 3 . It took 20 additional days for crop switching from fodder harvest to attain baby corn maturity. The economic analysis revealed that I 3 ×F 3 treatment combination generated the greatest economic revenue.","PeriodicalId":7975,"journal":{"name":"Applied Ecology and Environmental Research","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67130240","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.15666/aeer/2103_23412361
N. Gaurkhede, V. Adane
{"title":"FLOOD SUSCEPTIBILITY ANALYSIS USING FREELY AVAILABLE DATA, GIS, AND FREQUENCY RATIO MODEL FOR NAGPUR, INDIA","authors":"N. Gaurkhede, V. Adane","doi":"10.15666/aeer/2103_23412361","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15666/aeer/2103_23412361","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":7975,"journal":{"name":"Applied Ecology and Environmental Research","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67129321","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
. Ophiocordyceps sphecocephala is an entomopathogenic fungus that infects wasps. In this report, the in vitro growth characteristics of Vietnamese Ophiocordyceps sphecocephala collected in Bidoup, Nui Ba, Lam Dong, Vietnam were investigated. The bioactivities of the cultivated mycelium were also studied. The data showed that O. sphecocephala had higher yield of mycelium in mushroom complete medium (MCM), malt yeast medium (MY) and Sabouraud dextrose and yeast extract medium (SDY). Yeast extract and silkworm pupa powder were the preferred nitrogen sources. Besides, O. sphecocephala could utilize various forms of hexoses such as glucose, fructose, sucrose, lactose, maltose, and starch as the carbon sources. The optimal pH for the growth of O. sphecocephala was 6.0. The ethanol extract of O. sphecocephala exhibited several bioactivities: the capacity to scavenge 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical, the inhibitory activity against α-glucosidase and the cytotoxicity against MCF-7 (the breast cancer cell line), HeLa (the cervical cancer cell line), Hepa G2 (the liver cancer cell line), Jurkat (the leukemia cell line) and NCI H460 (the lung cancer cell line) with the highest effect on MCF-7, and the lowest effect on NCI H460. Our finding thus demonstrated a potential of employing O. sphecocephala mycelium in pharmacology.
{"title":"IN VITRO GROWTH CHARACTERISTICS AND BIOACTIVITIES OF THE CULTIVATED MYCELIUM OF OPHIOCORDYCEPS SPHECOCEPHALA FROM VIETNAM","authors":"T.P.T. DOAN, V.H. NGUYEN, B. SHRESTHA, T.T.H. TRAN, T.T.H. TRAN, T.M. NGUYEN","doi":"10.15666/aeer/2105_48974910","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15666/aeer/2105_48974910","url":null,"abstract":". Ophiocordyceps sphecocephala is an entomopathogenic fungus that infects wasps. In this report, the in vitro growth characteristics of Vietnamese Ophiocordyceps sphecocephala collected in Bidoup, Nui Ba, Lam Dong, Vietnam were investigated. The bioactivities of the cultivated mycelium were also studied. The data showed that O. sphecocephala had higher yield of mycelium in mushroom complete medium (MCM), malt yeast medium (MY) and Sabouraud dextrose and yeast extract medium (SDY). Yeast extract and silkworm pupa powder were the preferred nitrogen sources. Besides, O. sphecocephala could utilize various forms of hexoses such as glucose, fructose, sucrose, lactose, maltose, and starch as the carbon sources. The optimal pH for the growth of O. sphecocephala was 6.0. The ethanol extract of O. sphecocephala exhibited several bioactivities: the capacity to scavenge 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical, the inhibitory activity against α-glucosidase and the cytotoxicity against MCF-7 (the breast cancer cell line), HeLa (the cervical cancer cell line), Hepa G2 (the liver cancer cell line), Jurkat (the leukemia cell line) and NCI H460 (the lung cancer cell line) with the highest effect on MCF-7, and the lowest effect on NCI H460. Our finding thus demonstrated a potential of employing O. sphecocephala mycelium in pharmacology.","PeriodicalId":7975,"journal":{"name":"Applied Ecology and Environmental Research","volume":"30 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135003869","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.15666/aeer/2105_49314942
O.I.M. OLOM, Z.W. WEI
. Alfalfa ( Medicago sativa L.) is a globally important leguminous fodder crop because of its high production and nutritional value. The investigation was conducted to determine an effect of 3-Indole Acetic Acid (IAA) and Gibberellic acid (GA3) on the alfalfa BC 3 hybrid at the breeding room of the institute of grassland science, Yangzhou University, Jiangsu Province, China. Plant height, stem diameter, leaves number per plant, leaf length, leaf width, leaf area, fresh shoot weight, and dry shoot weight were measured. The study used four different IAA and GA3 concentrations (0, 50, 75, and 100 mg L -1 ) with three replications in a completely randomized design. The results revealed that the use of IAA and GA3 was significantly effective in the growth of the alfalfa BC 3 hybrid at the two cutting times. The use of 25 mg L -1 IAA concentration was significantly improved the plant height, leaf width, and leaf area. Exogenous GA3 application significantly enhanced stem diameter, leaf length, leaf area, fresh shoot weight, and dry shoot weight, except for leaf width, which showed a non-significant difference but was higher than that in the control group. Thus, the application of GA3 (i.e., GA3 at 75 mg L -1 ) can be suggested for a higher yield of the alfalfa BC 3 hybrid.
{"title":"EFFECT OF 3-INDOLE ACETIC ACID AND GIBBERELLIC ACID ON GROWTH AND YIELD OF ALFALFA BC3 HYBRID","authors":"O.I.M. OLOM, Z.W. WEI","doi":"10.15666/aeer/2105_49314942","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15666/aeer/2105_49314942","url":null,"abstract":". Alfalfa ( Medicago sativa L.) is a globally important leguminous fodder crop because of its high production and nutritional value. The investigation was conducted to determine an effect of 3-Indole Acetic Acid (IAA) and Gibberellic acid (GA3) on the alfalfa BC 3 hybrid at the breeding room of the institute of grassland science, Yangzhou University, Jiangsu Province, China. Plant height, stem diameter, leaves number per plant, leaf length, leaf width, leaf area, fresh shoot weight, and dry shoot weight were measured. The study used four different IAA and GA3 concentrations (0, 50, 75, and 100 mg L -1 ) with three replications in a completely randomized design. The results revealed that the use of IAA and GA3 was significantly effective in the growth of the alfalfa BC 3 hybrid at the two cutting times. The use of 25 mg L -1 IAA concentration was significantly improved the plant height, leaf width, and leaf area. Exogenous GA3 application significantly enhanced stem diameter, leaf length, leaf area, fresh shoot weight, and dry shoot weight, except for leaf width, which showed a non-significant difference but was higher than that in the control group. Thus, the application of GA3 (i.e., GA3 at 75 mg L -1 ) can be suggested for a higher yield of the alfalfa BC 3 hybrid.","PeriodicalId":7975,"journal":{"name":"Applied Ecology and Environmental Research","volume":"50 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135007204","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.15666/aeer/2105_47034719
S.M.S. ALGHANEM, H.A.S. ALHAITHLOUL
. Rawdhat Abalworood in Al-Qassim region of Saudi Arabia is one of the most important rawdhats of this area. The present study provides insight of vegetation types, life forms, as well as floristic categories and species distribution, highlighting the ecological factors that influence species distribution. A total of 44 species representing 19 families of vascular plants were recorded. The dominating groups were Asteraceae and Brassicaceae, and the dominant life forms were therophytes and chamaephytes, displaying a typical desert life-form range. Two of the eighteen studied sites had the maximum species richness value of 15 species per plot. Five of the 18 sites studied had the lowest species richness assessing of 10 species per plot. The most frequent life form classes observed in Rawdhat Abalworood, Al-Asyah, Al-Qassim region were Therophytes (Th) and Chamaephytes (Ch), with 65.91% and 15.91%, respectively. Chorological analysis exhibited Saharo-Sindian (SA-SI) and Irano-Turanian-Saharo-Sindian (IR-TR+SA-SI) represented by 20.45% and 18.18, respectively. Chronologically, surveyed plant species were recognized into three categories; mono regional, bi regional, and pluri regional. The three chorological categories were represented by 31.81%, 50.0%, and 18.18%; respectively. Species diversity in terms of Margalef’s diversity index ( Figure 6A ) ranged between 1.6 to 2.6 with an average of 2.1 to 0.3, Shannon-Weiner diversity index ( Figure 6D ) showed close diversity levels as Margalef’s and ranged between 1.6 to 2.4 with an average of 2.1. Using CCA multivariate analysis effect of 6 environmental factors is distinguished upon vegetation. The CCA ordination revealed that the separation of Vegetation group III along the axis was influenced by Silt, WHC, OM, OC, and Clay, whereas VG II was substantially related to sand%.
{"title":"SPECIES DIVERSITY AND FLORISTIC COMPOSITION OF RAWDHAT ABALWOROOD VEGETATION IN AL-ASYAH, ALQASSIM REGION, SAUDI ARABIA","authors":"S.M.S. ALGHANEM, H.A.S. ALHAITHLOUL","doi":"10.15666/aeer/2105_47034719","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15666/aeer/2105_47034719","url":null,"abstract":". Rawdhat Abalworood in Al-Qassim region of Saudi Arabia is one of the most important rawdhats of this area. The present study provides insight of vegetation types, life forms, as well as floristic categories and species distribution, highlighting the ecological factors that influence species distribution. A total of 44 species representing 19 families of vascular plants were recorded. The dominating groups were Asteraceae and Brassicaceae, and the dominant life forms were therophytes and chamaephytes, displaying a typical desert life-form range. Two of the eighteen studied sites had the maximum species richness value of 15 species per plot. Five of the 18 sites studied had the lowest species richness assessing of 10 species per plot. The most frequent life form classes observed in Rawdhat Abalworood, Al-Asyah, Al-Qassim region were Therophytes (Th) and Chamaephytes (Ch), with 65.91% and 15.91%, respectively. Chorological analysis exhibited Saharo-Sindian (SA-SI) and Irano-Turanian-Saharo-Sindian (IR-TR+SA-SI) represented by 20.45% and 18.18, respectively. Chronologically, surveyed plant species were recognized into three categories; mono regional, bi regional, and pluri regional. The three chorological categories were represented by 31.81%, 50.0%, and 18.18%; respectively. Species diversity in terms of Margalef’s diversity index ( Figure 6A ) ranged between 1.6 to 2.6 with an average of 2.1 to 0.3, Shannon-Weiner diversity index ( Figure 6D ) showed close diversity levels as Margalef’s and ranged between 1.6 to 2.4 with an average of 2.1. Using CCA multivariate analysis effect of 6 environmental factors is distinguished upon vegetation. The CCA ordination revealed that the separation of Vegetation group III along the axis was influenced by Silt, WHC, OM, OC, and Clay, whereas VG II was substantially related to sand%.","PeriodicalId":7975,"journal":{"name":"Applied Ecology and Environmental Research","volume":"6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135007933","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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