Pub Date : 2024-05-01DOI: 10.1016/j.amp.2023.06.011
Aymeric Bouveau , Éric Fakra
Objectives
There is in France a higher prevalence of psychiatric disorders and higher than average psychotropic consumption in the general population. Considering these elements and the need to involve two complementary medical specialities to manage these disorders, general practice and psychiatry, the necessity for optimal professional exchanges is a major public health concern. In the French public health system, primary care is overseen by self-employed general practitioners. The French psychiatric public sector is said to be “sectorised”, i.e. organised in specific sectors. These sectors include in-patient care entities and out-patient services. The private sector in psychiatry is not sectorised and is mainly composed of self-employed psychiatrists and private clinics. A 2004 law designed to govern who is authorized to refer patients to specialists, stipulated that general practitioners were the only authorized referring doctors for primary care. In the meantime, the number of general practitioners being consulted for cases of depression has doubled between 2005 and 2010. Less than a quarter of these patients were referred to a psychiatrist. Our main objective is to assess the satisfaction with and the efficiency of exchanges between psychiatrists and general practitioners. We also endeavour to identify the main channels through which collaborative care involving these two specialists can be improved.
Materials and methods
Our work is an observational, transverse, monocentric and descriptive study carried out using analogous feedback forms mailed by post from June to September 2016. The feedback forms were designed to be analysed both separately and comparatively. Two hundred and ninety nine self-employed general practitioners and 46 psychiatrists employed in the public sector returned the forms. The psychiatric private sector was excluded. All of these doctors worked within three specific geographical treatment zones: Saint-Étienne, Ondaine and Pays de Gier (350,000 inhabitants). The results were treated anonymously via Microsoft Excel® and IBM Corporation SPSS Statistics®. This study was approved by the ethics committee of the university hospital center (CHU) of Saint-Étienne. The doctors’ registers were retrieved via the databases of the Departmental Council of Doctors (CDOM) of the Loire and that of the CHU of Saint-Étienne.
Results
One hundred and twenty four general practitioners and 30 psychiatrists responded to the feedback form completely. Response rates were 41.4 % for the family physicians and 65.2 % for the psychiatrists. Respectively, 57 % and 70 % knew the identity of their counterpart. A public sector psychiatrist saw 91.9 % of the patients also treated by general practitioners. Of the attending doctors, 79.8 % reported a one third or less return rate of follow-up information from the psychiatrist for the patients they treated together. Similarly, 76.7 % of the
{"title":"Évaluation des échanges professionnels entre médecins généralistes et psychiatres","authors":"Aymeric Bouveau , Éric Fakra","doi":"10.1016/j.amp.2023.06.011","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.amp.2023.06.011","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><p>There is in France a higher prevalence of psychiatric disorders and higher than average psychotropic consumption in the general population. Considering these elements and the need to involve two complementary medical specialities to manage these disorders, general practice and psychiatry, the necessity for optimal professional exchanges is a major public health concern. In the French public health system, primary care is overseen by self-employed general practitioners. The French psychiatric public sector is said to be “sectorised”, i.e. organised in specific sectors. These sectors include in-patient care entities and out-patient services. The private sector in psychiatry is not sectorised and is mainly composed of self-employed psychiatrists and private clinics. A 2004 law designed to govern who is authorized to refer patients to specialists, stipulated that general practitioners were the only authorized referring doctors for primary care. In the meantime, the number of general practitioners being consulted for cases of depression has doubled between 2005 and 2010. Less than a quarter of these patients were referred to a psychiatrist. Our main objective is to assess the satisfaction with and the efficiency of exchanges between psychiatrists and general practitioners. We also endeavour to identify the main channels through which collaborative care involving these two specialists can be improved.</p></div><div><h3>Materials and methods</h3><p>Our work is an observational, transverse, monocentric and descriptive study carried out using analogous feedback forms mailed by post from June to September 2016. The feedback forms were designed to be analysed both separately and comparatively. Two hundred and ninety nine self-employed general practitioners and 46 psychiatrists employed in the public sector returned the forms. The psychiatric private sector was excluded. All of these doctors worked within three specific geographical treatment zones: Saint-Étienne, Ondaine and Pays de Gier (350,000 inhabitants). The results were treated anonymously via Microsoft Excel® and IBM Corporation SPSS Statistics®. This study was approved by the ethics committee of the university hospital center (CHU) of Saint-Étienne. The doctors’ registers were retrieved via the databases of the Departmental Council of Doctors (CDOM) of the Loire and that of the CHU of Saint-Étienne.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>One hundred and twenty four general practitioners and 30 psychiatrists responded to the feedback form completely. Response rates were 41.4 % for the family physicians and 65.2 % for the psychiatrists. Respectively, 57 % and 70 % knew the identity of their counterpart. A public sector psychiatrist saw 91.9 % of the patients also treated by general practitioners. Of the attending doctors, 79.8 % reported a one third or less return rate of follow-up information from the psychiatrist for the patients they treated together. Similarly, 76.7 % of the ","PeriodicalId":7992,"journal":{"name":"Annales medico-psychologiques","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2024-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140759565","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-05-01DOI: 10.1016/j.amp.2024.03.002
{"title":"Séance du lundi 15 décembre 2023","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.amp.2024.03.002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.amp.2024.03.002","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":7992,"journal":{"name":"Annales medico-psychologiques","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2024-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140946858","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-05-01DOI: 10.1016/j.amp.2024.02.004
{"title":"Analyse de livres","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.amp.2024.02.004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.amp.2024.02.004","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":7992,"journal":{"name":"Annales medico-psychologiques","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2024-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140946862","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-05-01DOI: 10.1016/j.amp.2023.04.013
Raphaël Der Kasbarian , Alexis Revet , Marie Frere , Ivan Gicquel , Olivier Azema , Isabelle Claudet , Nadège Costa , Laurent Molinier , Vanessa Houze-Cerfon , Michel Vignes , Jean-Philippe Raynaud , Valeriane Leroy
Objectives
Crisis situations are common during adolescence. Current data show that adolescents in crisis are either directly referred to hospital psychiatric emergency rooms, or they make an appointment for a specialized consultation, in a medical-psychological center (CMP), in a medical-psychological-pedagogical center (CMPP), or with a private practitioner. The Departmental Reactive System for Adolescents was implemented in 2017 in the French department of Haute-Garonne to provide adolescents in crisis an immediate specialized psychiatric consultation including on-going support for three months. Our objective was to measure the effect of the implementation of this health system organization (HSO) on the evolution of the annual incidence of emergency room visits and hospitalizations of adolescents for psychiatric reasons at the Toulouse University Hospital, the sole facility for such care in Haute-Garonne.
Methods
We conducted a quasi-experimental study comparing the evolution, before and after the implementation of the DDRA31, the annual incidence rates of emergency room visits (pediatric and adult) and hospitalizations related to mental health at the Toulouse University Hospital for adolescents aged 12 to 17 years of age, residing in Haute-Garonne, from 2014 to 2019. Factors associated with the risk of hospitalization were analyzed using mixed-effects logistic regression to measure the effect of the system, over time, with the specific year as the primary explanatory variable, adjusted for sex and age.
Results
From 2014 to 2019, 6 686 emergency room visits by 4 245 adolescents took placefor psychiatric motives or diagnostics. The annual incidence rate of emergency department visits related to mental health was stable from 14.0 (95 % CI: 13.2–14.9), per 100 adolescents in 2014 to 13.9 (95 % CI: 13.2–14.7) in 2019, with a higher incidence rate for girls and adolescents aged from 15 to 17 years old. The main reasons for emergency room visits were behavioral problems or agitation, drug intoxications or suicide attempts, and drug or alcohol use or abuse. The annual incidence of hospitalizations decreased significantly since 2017, from 38.3 (95 % CI: 34.1–42.8) per 100 adolescents in 2014 to 24.2 (95 % CI: 21.2–27.4) per 100 adolescents in 2019. This decrease was shown for both males and females but only for adolescents aged from 15 to 17 years old, from 21.8 (CI 95 %: 17.9–26.1) in 2014 to 2.6 (CI 95 %: 1.5–4.1) in 2019. Modeling of the hospitalization risk showed a significant reduction from 2017 onward inclusive with an odds ratio ranging from 0.63 (95 % CI: 0.49–0.80) in 2017 to 0.52 (95 % CI: 0.41–0.67) in 2019.
Discussion
The fact that an impact of the HSO was found only for adolescents aged 15 to 17 years of age could indicate a selective effectiveness depending on age possibly caused by differences in physician attitudes depending on the age of the pat
{"title":"Évaluation quantitative de l’effet sur le passage aux urgences et les hospitalisations d’un dispositif départemental innovant de prise en charge des situations de crise durant l’adolescence en Haute-Garonne, France","authors":"Raphaël Der Kasbarian , Alexis Revet , Marie Frere , Ivan Gicquel , Olivier Azema , Isabelle Claudet , Nadège Costa , Laurent Molinier , Vanessa Houze-Cerfon , Michel Vignes , Jean-Philippe Raynaud , Valeriane Leroy","doi":"10.1016/j.amp.2023.04.013","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.amp.2023.04.013","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><p>Crisis situations are common during adolescence. Current data show that adolescents in crisis are either directly referred to hospital psychiatric emergency rooms, or they make an appointment for a specialized consultation, in a medical-psychological center (CMP), in a medical-psychological-pedagogical center (CMPP), or with a private practitioner. The Departmental Reactive System for Adolescents was implemented in 2017 in the French department of Haute-Garonne to provide adolescents in crisis an immediate specialized psychiatric consultation including on-going support for three months. Our objective was to measure the effect of the implementation of this health system organization (HSO) on the evolution of the annual incidence of emergency room visits and hospitalizations of adolescents for psychiatric reasons at the Toulouse University Hospital, the sole facility for such care in Haute-Garonne.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>We conducted a quasi-experimental study comparing the evolution, before and after the implementation of the DDRA31, the annual incidence rates of emergency room visits (pediatric and adult) and hospitalizations related to mental health at the Toulouse University Hospital for adolescents aged 12 to 17 years of age, residing in Haute-Garonne, from 2014 to 2019. Factors associated with the risk of hospitalization were analyzed using mixed-effects logistic regression to measure the effect of the system, over time, with the specific year as the primary explanatory variable, adjusted for sex and age.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>From 2014 to 2019, 6 686 emergency room visits by 4 245 adolescents took placefor psychiatric motives or diagnostics. The annual incidence rate of emergency department visits related to mental health was stable from 14.0 (95 % CI: 13.2–14.9), per 100 adolescents in 2014 to 13.9 (95 % CI: 13.2–14.7) in 2019, with a higher incidence rate for girls and adolescents aged from 15 to 17 years old. The main reasons for emergency room visits were behavioral problems or agitation, drug intoxications or suicide attempts, and drug or alcohol use or abuse. The annual incidence of hospitalizations decreased significantly since 2017, from 38.3 (95 % CI: 34.1–42.8) per 100 adolescents in 2014 to 24.2 (95 % CI: 21.2–27.4) per 100 adolescents in 2019. This decrease was shown for both males and females but only for adolescents aged from 15 to 17 years old, from 21.8 (CI 95 %: 17.9–26.1) in 2014 to 2.6 (CI 95 %: 1.5–4.1) in 2019. Modeling of the hospitalization risk showed a significant reduction from 2017 onward inclusive with an odds ratio ranging from 0.63 (95 % CI: 0.49–0.80) in 2017 to 0.52 (95 % CI: 0.41–0.67) in 2019.</p></div><div><h3>Discussion</h3><p>The fact that an impact of the HSO was found only for adolescents aged 15 to 17 years of age could indicate a selective effectiveness depending on age possibly caused by differences in physician attitudes depending on the age of the pat","PeriodicalId":7992,"journal":{"name":"Annales medico-psychologiques","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2024-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81055480","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-04-01DOI: 10.1016/j.amp.2024.01.012
Marianne Daudin
Determining medical fitness for service in the armed forces is one of the missions of the military health service, which is well acquainted with the different situations in which soldiers are deployed. Medico-psychological expertise in a military environment requires a thorough knowledge of psychiatric pathology, of soldiers’ psychopathology, environmental constraints and regulatory standards specific to each specialty. It is today the responsibility of the medical officers, who can call on the support of specialists from psychiatric wards in military hospitals, with a twofold mission of providing care and assessing fitness for duty.
{"title":"La psychiatrie militaire et le soin : une subversion de la pratique expertale ?","authors":"Marianne Daudin","doi":"10.1016/j.amp.2024.01.012","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.amp.2024.01.012","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Determining medical fitness for service in the armed forces is one of the missions of the military health service, which is well acquainted with the different situations in which soldiers are deployed. Medico-psychological expertise in a military environment requires a thorough knowledge of psychiatric pathology, of soldiers’ psychopathology, environmental constraints and regulatory standards specific to each specialty. It is today the responsibility of the medical officers, who can call on the support of specialists from psychiatric wards in military hospitals, with a twofold mission of providing care and assessing fitness for duty.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":7992,"journal":{"name":"Annales medico-psychologiques","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2024-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140468508","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-04-01DOI: 10.1016/j.amp.2024.01.008
Cécile Gorin, Aurélia Martin, Charles Gheorghiev
Is research necessary for psychiatric care? On the contrary, could it prove to be counter-productive, reducing the scope of the field by the reductionism inherent in its methodology? This article examines the specific features of care in psychiatry, from the point of view of the history of our discipline and its close links with both clinical and fundamental research. Its main lines of development are then detailed, viewed through the lens of the ethical and epistemological challenges facing the discipline, in terms of their impact on care, and the compatibility between the question of care, and that of the quest for knowledge. The very essence of the former being to look after the subject's well-being, whereas that of the latter is often aimed primarily at the collective interest and indirectly at individual care, without necessarily guaranteeing it.
{"title":"Le soin et la recherche en psychiatrie : un mariage heureux ?","authors":"Cécile Gorin, Aurélia Martin, Charles Gheorghiev","doi":"10.1016/j.amp.2024.01.008","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.amp.2024.01.008","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Is research necessary for psychiatric care? On the contrary, could it prove to be counter-productive, reducing the scope of the field by the reductionism inherent in its methodology? This article examines the specific features of care in psychiatry, from the point of view of the history of our discipline and its close links with both clinical and fundamental research. Its main lines of development are then detailed, viewed through the lens of the ethical and epistemological challenges facing the discipline, in terms of their impact on care, and the compatibility between the question of care, and that of the quest for knowledge. The very essence of the former being to look after the subject's well-being, whereas that of the latter is often aimed primarily at the collective interest and indirectly at individual care, without necessarily guaranteeing it.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":7992,"journal":{"name":"Annales medico-psychologiques","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2024-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139812078","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-04-01DOI: 10.1016/j.amp.2023.04.012
Nicolas Zdanowicz, Carole Jassogne
Objectives
During the sixties, the important development of psychotherapies gave rise to great expectations for the treatment of psychoses. Are those days over or are there still publications that support the place and effectiveness of psychoanalytically-inspired psychotherapies?
Material and methods
Bibliographical research was carried out focusing on the 15-year period from 2005 to 2020 using Pubmed, Scopus, Psycart, and Cairninfo, and with the keywords: psychodynamics and psychosis or schizophrenia, psychoanalysis and schizophrenia or psychosis, Articles dealing only with theoretical issues related to psychoses or schizophrenia were excluded.
Results
By excluding meta-analyses, all of which have moreover shown at best a discrete effectiveness of cognitive-behavioral therapies, we retained 63 articles, 26 of which with the word psychoanalysis. This observation alone is indicative of the lack of publications addressing these themes with fewer than 5 publications per year at the international level! As far as effectiveness studies are concerned, the results are even rarer: We found 11 studies among the 63 selected articles. Only two of these studies used a control group and standardized scales. The need for standardization has resulted in the creation of a simplified form of psychotherapy, “Supportive Psychoanalytic Psychotherapy”.
Conclusion
The pressure to demonstrate efficiency rather than effectiveness has prevailed over psychoanalytic psychotherapies in the treatment of psychoses. However, that is probably not the only reason. The complexity of the theory of psychoses and the lack of synthesis works render its transmission difficult. If we do not want all the theoretical advances that have been made to be lost, we must ensure that the teaching of these theories be more specific and synthetic. Similarly, we need to launch longer-term studies so that a sufficient duration of treatment allows for a real evaluation of the efficiency of these therapies.
{"title":"Le temps de la psychothérapie des psychotiques est-il révolu ?","authors":"Nicolas Zdanowicz, Carole Jassogne","doi":"10.1016/j.amp.2023.04.012","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.amp.2023.04.012","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><p>During the sixties, the important development of psychotherapies gave rise to great expectations for the treatment of psychoses. Are those days over or are there still publications that support the place and effectiveness of psychoanalytically-inspired psychotherapies?</p></div><div><h3>Material and methods</h3><p>Bibliographical research was carried out focusing on the 15-year period from 2005 to 2020 using Pubmed, Scopus, Psycart, and Cairninfo, and with the keywords: psychodynamics and psychosis or schizophrenia, psychoanalysis and schizophrenia or psychosis, Articles dealing only with theoretical issues related to psychoses or schizophrenia were excluded.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>By excluding meta-analyses, all of which have moreover shown at best a discrete effectiveness of cognitive-behavioral therapies, we retained 63 articles, 26 of which with the word psychoanalysis. This observation alone is indicative of the lack of publications addressing these themes with fewer than 5 publications per year at the international level! As far as effectiveness studies are concerned, the results are even rarer: We found 11 studies among the 63 selected articles. Only two of these studies used a control group and standardized scales. The need for standardization has resulted in the creation of a simplified form of psychotherapy, “Supportive Psychoanalytic Psychotherapy”.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>The pressure to demonstrate efficiency rather than effectiveness has prevailed over psychoanalytic psychotherapies in the treatment of psychoses. However, that is probably not the only reason. The complexity of the theory of psychoses and the lack of synthesis works render its transmission difficult. If we do not want all the theoretical advances that have been made to be lost, we must ensure that the teaching of these theories be more specific and synthetic. Similarly, we need to launch longer-term studies so that a sufficient duration of treatment allows for a real evaluation of the efficiency of these therapies.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":7992,"journal":{"name":"Annales medico-psychologiques","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2024-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80580284","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-04-01DOI: 10.1016/j.amp.2023.12.001
Vivianne Kovess-Masfety , Lucia Romo , Anne Dezetter
Objectives
To outline the procedure for obtaining reimbursement by the French National Health system for psychotherapy provided by private practitioners.
Method
By conducting a review of scientific literature, reports, plans, and governmental decisions.
Results
Some twenty years have passed since a recommendation was included in the “plan of action for the development of psychiatry and the promotion of mental health”, which was drafted in 2003. The contribution of epidemiology applied to psychotherapeutic practices in France, and comparisons with neighboring countries, highlighted the quantitative importance of the role of psychiatrists (they provide more than half of all psychotherapeutic interventions) in the implementation of the plan of action, including in the least endowed areas of the country. The 2010 decree on the use of the title of psychotherapist was an essential preliminary step, since, previously, no requisite training was required for that title, which involved substantial risk. Henceforth, fundamental and clinical knowledge have been imposed with mandatory limits of duration. Subsequently, the publication of high expenditures on mental health by the French National Health Program coupled with the establishment of the reimbursement for psychotherapy in the United Kingdom, resulted in a promising French medico-economic study as well asan experiment in four departments involving patients between the ages of 18 and 60 who were suffering from mild and moderate anxious and depressive disorders. The diagnoses were based on PHQ9 and GAD7 being applied by the general practitioner, excluding the most severe cases, which allowed them to provide their patients with an evaluation session by an office-based psychologist followed by 10 sessions of “supportive therapy”. In the case of no improvement, an evaluation by a psychiatrist was required before providing 10 additional “structured therapy” sessions. After a two-year evaluation period, the process was determined to be beneficial for patients, general practitioners, and the psychologists who were involved. This led to the establishment, in 2022, of an on-line platform labeled “Mon Parcours Psy” (My Psychiatric Path) which facilitates the payment for 8 sessions per year of psychotherapy treatment for minor disorders for patients as young as 3 years of age., Parental authorization is required for minors.
Discussion
The prescription of psychotherapy by general practitioners for mild or moderate disorders and the price of services provided by psychologists have been the object of criticism by the members of this profession: both the quantity of prescriptions and the tariffs for such services were deemed to be too low.
Conclusions
Making psychotherapy provided by psychologists available to the public at large, thanks to the introduction of a system to cover the costs involved by the
{"title":"La longue marche du remboursement des psychothérapies par l’assurance maladie en France","authors":"Vivianne Kovess-Masfety , Lucia Romo , Anne Dezetter","doi":"10.1016/j.amp.2023.12.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.amp.2023.12.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><p>To outline the procedure for obtaining reimbursement by the French National Health system for psychotherapy provided by private practitioners.</p></div><div><h3>Method</h3><p>By conducting a review of scientific literature, reports, plans, and governmental decisions.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>Some twenty years have passed since a recommendation was included in the “plan of action for the development of psychiatry and the promotion of mental health”, which was drafted in 2003. The contribution of epidemiology applied to psychotherapeutic practices in France, and comparisons with neighboring countries, highlighted the quantitative importance of the role of psychiatrists (they provide more than half of all psychotherapeutic interventions) in the implementation of the plan of action, including in the least endowed areas of the country. The 2010 decree on the use of the title of psychotherapist was an essential preliminary step, since, previously, no requisite training was required for that title, which involved substantial risk. Henceforth, fundamental and clinical knowledge have been imposed with mandatory limits of duration. Subsequently, the publication of high expenditures on mental health by the French National Health Program coupled with the establishment of the reimbursement for psychotherapy in the United Kingdom, resulted in a promising French medico-economic study as well asan experiment in four departments involving patients between the ages of 18 and 60 who were suffering from mild and moderate anxious and depressive disorders. The diagnoses were based on PHQ9 and GAD7 being applied by the general practitioner, excluding the most severe cases, which allowed them to provide their patients with an evaluation session by an office-based psychologist followed by 10 sessions of “supportive therapy”. In the case of no improvement, an evaluation by a psychiatrist was required before providing 10 additional “structured therapy” sessions. After a two-year evaluation period, the process was determined to be beneficial for patients, general practitioners, and the psychologists who were involved. This led to the establishment, in 2022, of an on-line platform labeled “Mon Parcours Psy” (My Psychiatric Path) which facilitates the payment for 8 sessions per year of psychotherapy treatment for minor disorders for patients as young as 3 years of age., Parental authorization is required for minors.</p></div><div><h3>Discussion</h3><p>The prescription of psychotherapy by general practitioners for mild or moderate disorders and the price of services provided by psychologists have been the object of criticism by the members of this profession: both the quantity of prescriptions and the tariffs for such services were deemed to be too low.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>Making psychotherapy provided by psychologists available to the public at large, thanks to the introduction of a system to cover the costs involved by the ","PeriodicalId":7992,"journal":{"name":"Annales medico-psychologiques","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2024-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139192707","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-04-01DOI: 10.1016/j.amp.2023.09.013
Patricia Kirkove , Pierre Oswald
There is considerable confusion between the terms multidisciplinarity, interdisciplinarity and transdisciplinarity. Multidisciplinarity suggests a juxtaposition of knowledge. The various specialists in their disciplines complement each other and intervene alongside each other around a common subject. This produces points of view, which are superimposed, without bringing out any real added value. Interdisciplinarity requires interaction and interrelation. The pooling of knowledge requires a greater intertwining of disciplines, minimizing the differences between them while preserving their specificities and their foundations. A specialist's robust monodisciplinary expertise enriches the other members of the team, allowing for a more global, more systemic approach. Refusing to approach complex problems through the categorial prism of individual disciplines, transdisciplinarity seeks to integrate disciplines to go between, through and beyond disciplines by completely dissolving traditional boundaries. One of the particularities of complex holistic care, such as that in psychiatry, is that it cannot be managed effectively by a single person or a single discipline. Hyperspecialization results in a segmentation of the human being by no longer taking into account the entirety of the person treated. By analyzing and harmonizing the links between the different disciplines, interdisciplinarity sheds light on complex situations and enriches the responses offered. It improves quality, offers a global approach to the patient by mobilizing knowledge from different disciplines and by defragmenting and decompartmentalizing their knowledge. Interdisciplinarity is not self-evident and it cannot be likened to a simple mode of coordination where complementarity is valued. To meet this challenge, communication, coordination and clarification of roles by the team leader, whose leadership is recognized and valued, are essential. The medical literature recognizes a real added value of interdisciplinary approaches in complex medical situations. Eventually, it may be necessary to go a step further. Nevertheless, transdisciplinarity is of such complexity and requires such maturity of the teams, that we do not support it as the first step toward implementing a patient holistic approach. By way of conclusion, we propose the metaphors that Choi and Pak developed. Multidisciplinarity is in a way a mathematical equation of the “2 + 2 = 4” type or, more daringly, a “salad bowl”, juxtaposition and addition of ingredients or skills. Interdisciplinarity is likened to an equation of the “2 + 2 = 5” type or a “melting pot”, which postulates that the result, due to an effective and harmonious interaction, is greater than the sum of the parts. Finally, they compare transdisciplinarity using a “2 + 2 = yellow” equation with the culinary metaphor of the “cake” hi
{"title":"L’interdisciplinarité pour des soins holistiques en hôpital psychiatrique : pourquoi et comment relever ce défi ?","authors":"Patricia Kirkove , Pierre Oswald","doi":"10.1016/j.amp.2023.09.013","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.amp.2023.09.013","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>There is considerable confusion between the terms multidisciplinarity, interdisciplinarity and transdisciplinarity. Multidisciplinarity suggests a juxtaposition of knowledge. The various specialists in their disciplines complement each other and intervene alongside each other around a common subject. This produces points of view, which are superimposed, without bringing out any real added value. Interdisciplinarity requires interaction and interrelation. The pooling of knowledge requires a greater intertwining of disciplines, minimizing the differences between them while preserving their specificities and their foundations. A specialist's robust monodisciplinary expertise enriches the other members of the team, allowing for a more global, more systemic approach. Refusing to approach complex problems through the categorial prism of individual disciplines, transdisciplinarity seeks to integrate disciplines to go between, through and beyond disciplines by completely dissolving traditional boundaries. One of the particularities of complex holistic care, such as that in psychiatry, is that it cannot be managed effectively by a single person or a single discipline. Hyperspecialization results in a segmentation of the human being by no longer taking into account the entirety of the person treated. By analyzing and harmonizing the links between the different disciplines, interdisciplinarity sheds light on complex situations and enriches the responses offered. It improves quality, offers a global approach to the patient by mobilizing knowledge from different disciplines and by defragmenting and decompartmentalizing their knowledge. Interdisciplinarity is not self-evident and it cannot be likened to a simple mode of coordination where complementarity is valued. To meet this challenge, communication, coordination and clarification of roles by the team leader, whose leadership is recognized and valued, are essential. The medical literature recognizes a real added value of interdisciplinary approaches in complex medical situations. Eventually, it may be necessary to go a step further. Nevertheless, transdisciplinarity is of such complexity and requires such maturity of the teams, that we do not support it as the first step toward implementing a patient holistic approach. By way of conclusion, we propose the metaphors that Choi and Pak developed. Multidisciplinarity is in a way a mathematical equation of the “2<!--> <!-->+<!--> <!-->2<!--> <!-->=<!--> <!-->4” type or, more daringly, a “salad bowl”, juxtaposition and addition of ingredients or skills. Interdisciplinarity is likened to an equation of the “2<!--> <!-->+<!--> <!-->2<!--> <!-->=<!--> <!-->5” type or a “melting pot”, which postulates that the result, due to an effective and harmonious interaction, is greater than the sum of the parts. Finally, they compare transdisciplinarity using a “2<!--> <!-->+<!--> <!-->2<!--> <!-->=<!--> <!-->yellow” equation with the culinary metaphor of the “cake” hi","PeriodicalId":7992,"journal":{"name":"Annales medico-psychologiques","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2024-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139192522","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-04-01DOI: 10.1016/j.amp.2024.01.014
Charles Gheorghiev
{"title":"Le soin psychique. Entre l’impasse de son actualité et les enjeux de son avenir, une tentative de définitions","authors":"Charles Gheorghiev","doi":"10.1016/j.amp.2024.01.014","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.amp.2024.01.014","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":7992,"journal":{"name":"Annales medico-psychologiques","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2024-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139816573","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}