Pub Date : 2024-01-01DOI: 10.1016/j.amp.2023.11.001
Jean-Pierre Bouchard
On June 19, 2023, a session of the Société Médico-Psychologique (SMP) was devoted to the theme “Criminology and Victimology”. Subjects usually little discussed but nevertheless very important were usefully programmed there: women with mental disorders perpetrators of homicides or attempted homicides, transphobic homicides, filicide, cognitive distortions of victims, the need to reform pre-sentence psychiatric and psychological expertise in France. Presentations, discussions and a rich session which will continue in the programming of the SMP sessions.
{"title":"Une séance de la Société Médico-Psychologique sur le thème « criminologie et victimologie »","authors":"Jean-Pierre Bouchard","doi":"10.1016/j.amp.2023.11.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.amp.2023.11.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>On June 19, 2023, a session of the Société Médico-Psychologique (SMP) was devoted to the theme “Criminology and Victimology”. Subjects usually little discussed but nevertheless very important were usefully programmed there: women with mental disorders perpetrators of homicides or attempted homicides, transphobic homicides, filicide, cognitive distortions of victims, the need to reform pre-sentence psychiatric and psychological expertise in France. Presentations, discussions and a rich session which will continue in the programming of the SMP sessions.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":7992,"journal":{"name":"Annales medico-psychologiques","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139632210","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Intimate partner homicide and filicide are the most frequent types of intrafamilial homicides worldwide. These homicides have been the subject of growing interest in scientific literature in recent decades. Male perpetrators of filicide or intimate partner homicide share many psychosocials characteristics. However, research has highlighted different profiles of perpetrators of filicide and intimate partner homicide. The objective of this study is to better understand who are these men who kill their children or their intimate partner, and what sets them apart ? In this interview with Jean-Pierre Bouchard, Suzanne Léveillée and Carolanne Vignola-Lévesque try to answer this question based on the existing literature and their research data. They detail the different profiles and the similar and distinct characteristics between male perpetrators of filicide or intimate partner homicide, then present a new typology including three profiles. They provide avenues for intervention aimed to optimize the prevention of these family homicide.
{"title":"Les hommes auteurs d’un filicide ou d’un homicide conjugal : profils similaires ou distincts ?","authors":"Suzanne Léveillée , Carolanne Vignola-Lévesque , Jean-Pierre Bouchard","doi":"10.1016/j.amp.2023.11.007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.amp.2023.11.007","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Intimate partner homicide and filicide are the most frequent types of intrafamilial homicides worldwide. These homicides have been the subject of growing interest in scientific literature in recent decades. Male perpetrators of filicide or intimate partner homicide share many psychosocials characteristics. However, research has highlighted different profiles of perpetrators of filicide and intimate partner homicide. The objective of this study is to better understand who are these men who kill their children or their intimate partner, and what sets them apart ? In this interview with Jean-Pierre Bouchard, Suzanne Léveillée and Carolanne Vignola-Lévesque try to answer this question based on the existing literature and their research data. They detail the different profiles and the similar and distinct characteristics between male perpetrators of filicide or intimate partner homicide, then present a new typology including three profiles. They provide avenues for intervention aimed to optimize the prevention of these family homicide.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":7992,"journal":{"name":"Annales medico-psychologiques","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139675389","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-01-01DOI: 10.1016/j.amp.2023.03.004
Maxime Escarguel, Massil Benbouriche
Objectives
The literature highlights the prevalence of shortcomings in processing emotional information, especially the identification of emotions in the context of violent behavior. Alexithymia is the inability to recognize and describe emotional states and external oriented thinking. The social information processing approach offers a theoretical framework to understand how alexithymia deficiencies are linked to violence. Furthermore, this approach allows us to determine which stages of processing are associated with specific kinds of deficiencies in order to adapt treatment programs targeting violent behavior. The primary goal of this narrative review is to define and present the relationship between alexithymia and violent behavior. In addition, this review will attempt to illustrate that deficiencies caused by alexithymia are related to different stages of social information processing.
Methods
This review presents an explanation of the links between violent behavior and alexithymia according to the social information processing theory as a theoretical framework.
Results
There are numerous studies that demonstrate the relationship between violent behavior and alexithymia in different populations (general, psychiatric, or incarcerated) and for different kinds of violence (physical, homicidal or sexual). In particular, the deficiencies caused by alexithymia primarily involved the (in)ability to identify emotional states. Indeed, the more people have difficulties in identifying their own internal emotional states, the higher the probability that they will engage in dysfunctional behavior such as violence. According to the social information processing model, these shortcomings are present in the initial stages of processing. Errors in detection and perception of social cues could produce a misinterpretation of other's intentions and could lead to a hostile attribution bias. This bias exhibits itself as a tendency to interpret the actions of others as hostile, particularly in ambiguous situations and is often linked to impulsive and reactive aggression. Due to these links between alexithymia, misinterpretation, and violent behavior, it seems essential to develop treatment programs designed to reduce the effects of alexithymia. One study demonstrated that a specific treatment program reduced alexithymic related deficiencies among individuals who had committed sexual offences. This program was based on developing the capacity to identify emotions and to use emotive language to verbalize emotional states. These results suggest that it is possible to improve emotional competence and reduce the effects of alexithymia, which could lead to a reduction in errors in social information processing and could be a major protective factor with respect to violent behavior.
Conclusions
The social information processing model allows us to understand the relationship betwee
{"title":"Le rôle de l’alexithymie dans les comportements violents : Une révision des études disponibles à la lumière du modèle de traitement de l’information sociale","authors":"Maxime Escarguel, Massil Benbouriche","doi":"10.1016/j.amp.2023.03.004","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.amp.2023.03.004","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><p>The literature highlights the prevalence of shortcomings in processing emotional information, especially the identification of emotions in the context of violent behavior. Alexithymia is the inability to recognize and describe emotional states and external oriented thinking. The social information processing approach offers a theoretical framework to understand how alexithymia deficiencies are linked to violence. Furthermore, this approach allows us to determine which stages of processing are associated with specific kinds of deficiencies in order to adapt treatment programs targeting violent behavior. The primary goal of this narrative review is to define and present the relationship between alexithymia and violent behavior. In addition, this review will attempt to illustrate that deficiencies caused by alexithymia are related to different stages of social information processing.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>This review presents an explanation of the links between violent behavior and alexithymia according to the social information processing theory as a theoretical framework.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>There are numerous studies that demonstrate the relationship between violent behavior and alexithymia in different populations (general, psychiatric, or incarcerated) and for different kinds of violence (physical, homicidal or sexual). In particular, the deficiencies caused by alexithymia primarily involved the (in)ability to identify emotional states. Indeed, the more people have difficulties in identifying their own internal emotional states, the higher the probability that they will engage in dysfunctional behavior such as violence. According to the social information processing model, these shortcomings are present in the initial stages of processing. Errors in detection and perception of social cues could produce a misinterpretation of other's intentions and could lead to a hostile attribution bias. This bias exhibits itself as a tendency to interpret the actions of others as hostile, particularly in ambiguous situations and is often linked to impulsive and reactive aggression. Due to these links between alexithymia, misinterpretation, and violent behavior, it seems essential to develop treatment programs designed to reduce the effects of alexithymia. One study demonstrated that a specific treatment program reduced alexithymic related deficiencies among individuals who had committed sexual offences. This program was based on developing the capacity to identify emotions and to use emotive language to verbalize emotional states. These results suggest that it is possible to improve emotional competence and reduce the effects of alexithymia, which could lead to a reduction in errors in social information processing and could be a major protective factor with respect to violent behavior.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>The social information processing model allows us to understand the relationship betwee","PeriodicalId":7992,"journal":{"name":"Annales medico-psychologiques","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73463076","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-01-01DOI: 10.1016/j.amp.2023.11.005
Jean-Pierre Bouchard
It is regularly observed that in France “psychiatric expertise” and “psychological expertise” for criminal trials can present two pitfalls in their implementation: the lack of experts (psychiatrists experts in particular) and possible content that is sometimes erroneous. Given the number of psychiatrists and psychologists, these two terms of expertise could be abandoned in favor of a single concept of “mental expertise” carried out indifferently by psychiatrists or by psychologists selected as being well trained, professionally experienced and competent to carry out these missions. This decompartmentalization with the establishment of some other major principles (creation of a clinical and legal consensus of mental expertise, obligation of harmonized and updated training of experts, taking into account the professional experience of experts, time spent and appropriate periods for carrying out expert assessments, revaluation of expert acts, development of research on expertise, creation of body(ies) for the control and regulation of expert practices) could make it possible to make available to justice and litigants with sufficient numbers of quality experts throughout the national territory.
{"title":"Proposition de réforme de l’expertise psychiatrique et de l’expertise psychologique présentencielles en France par la mise en place d’une expertise mentale de qualité","authors":"Jean-Pierre Bouchard","doi":"10.1016/j.amp.2023.11.005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.amp.2023.11.005","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>It is regularly observed that in France “psychiatric expertise” and “psychological expertise” for criminal trials can present two pitfalls in their implementation: the lack of experts (psychiatrists experts in particular) and possible content that is sometimes erroneous. Given the number of psychiatrists and psychologists, these two terms of expertise could be abandoned in favor of a single concept of “mental expertise” carried out indifferently by psychiatrists or by psychologists selected as being well trained, professionally experienced and competent to carry out these missions. This decompartmentalization with the establishment of some other major principles (creation of a clinical and legal consensus of mental expertise, obligation of harmonized and updated training of experts, taking into account the professional experience of experts, time spent and appropriate periods for carrying out expert assessments, revaluation of expert acts, development of research on expertise, creation of body(ies) for the control and regulation of expert practices) could make it possible to make available to justice and litigants with sufficient numbers of quality experts throughout the national territory.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":7992,"journal":{"name":"Annales medico-psychologiques","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139675386","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Cognitive distortions are mental processes that affect individuals and partially govern their relationship with the world. They manifest themselves at a very early age and are directly influenced by an individual's early life experiences, from which implicit learning about the world and oneself occurs. This acquisition is personal and biased, leading to the formation of cognitive filters that individuals reinforce in a self-perpetuating cycle. The information selected depends on these filters, and the processing of this information depends on the subject's distortions. These mental processes are present in everyone; however, certain populations, such as individuals with anxiety or depressive symptoms, victims, or those with post-traumatic stress disorder, exhibit specificities based on their life experiences. In light of the various therapeutic approaches and treatments related to the cognitive dimension, we propose a syllogistic model for understanding how victims from different social backgrounds and with a victim status perceive and confront the world. Two clinical vignettes are provided to illustrate this model. This approach is rooted in philosophy and cognitive psychopathology but is intended to be trans-theoretical and applicable regardless of the therapist's orientation.
{"title":"Les distorsions cognitives des victimes : symptômes et levier thérapeutique","authors":"Olivier Sorel , Alix Lavandier , Juliane Tortes Saint-Jammes","doi":"10.1016/j.amp.2023.11.004","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.amp.2023.11.004","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Cognitive distortions are mental processes that affect individuals and partially govern their relationship with the world. They manifest themselves at a very early age and are directly influenced by an individual's early life experiences, from which implicit learning about the world and oneself occurs. This acquisition is personal and biased, leading to the formation of cognitive filters that individuals reinforce in a self-perpetuating cycle. The information selected depends on these filters, and the processing of this information depends on the subject's distortions. These mental processes are present in everyone; however, certain populations, such as individuals with anxiety or depressive symptoms, victims, or those with post-traumatic stress disorder, exhibit specificities based on their life experiences. In light of the various therapeutic approaches and treatments related to the cognitive dimension, we propose a syllogistic model for understanding how victims from different social backgrounds and with a victim status perceive and confront the world. Two clinical vignettes are provided to illustrate this model. This approach is rooted in philosophy and cognitive psychopathology but is intended to be trans-theoretical and applicable regardless of the therapist's orientation.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":7992,"journal":{"name":"Annales medico-psychologiques","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139195711","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-01-01DOI: 10.1016/j.amp.2023.11.006
Blandine Bouchaud, Jade Chun Hung Kee, Ivan Gasman
Women commit fewer homicides than men in most countries. Little has been written about women who have committed homicide. In this study, we will first introduce the evolution of the perception of female criminality and then define its links with mental illnesses. Through studying a population of woman suffering from mental disorders, we will attempt to define the main characteristics and particularities of these individuals. In order to accomplish this, we will draw on various studies conducted at the Henri Colin Unit for the Seriously Mentally Ill in the Women's Pavilion in Villejuif (a retrospective study of women who have committed homicide and were hospitalized in this unit, a retrospective study of women responsible for filicide treated in this same unit, and a descriptive study of all patients treated in all units for the seriously mentally ill in France). We will illustrate this through the clinical case study of a patient who was threated after committing a homicide. By examining her journey and clinical profile, we will identify retrospective elements that raise concerns about potential danger.
{"title":"Femmes, troubles mentaux, tentatives d’homicide et homicides : caractéristiques des auteures, des passages à l’acte et des victimes","authors":"Blandine Bouchaud, Jade Chun Hung Kee, Ivan Gasman","doi":"10.1016/j.amp.2023.11.006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.amp.2023.11.006","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Women commit fewer homicides than men in most countries. Little has been written about women who have committed homicide. In this study, we will first introduce the evolution of the perception of female criminality and then define its links with mental illnesses. Through studying a population of woman suffering from mental disorders, we will attempt to define the main characteristics and particularities of these individuals. In order to accomplish this, we will draw on various studies conducted at the Henri Colin Unit for the Seriously Mentally Ill in the Women's Pavilion in Villejuif (a retrospective study of women who have committed homicide and were hospitalized in this unit, a retrospective study of women responsible for filicide treated in this same unit, and a descriptive study of all patients treated in all units for the seriously mentally ill in France). We will illustrate this through the clinical case study of a patient who was threated after committing a homicide. By examining her journey and clinical profile, we will identify retrospective elements that raise concerns about potential danger.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":7992,"journal":{"name":"Annales medico-psychologiques","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139675421","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-01-01DOI: 10.1016/j.amp.2022.02.017
Lauriane Delhay , Nabhan-Abou Nidal
Introduction
Since 2000, the phenomenon of female sexual offenders has been more and more studied in many countries, although it has been minimized for a long time. This population seems to present specific characteristics, different from those of male sexual offenders.
Objectives
Studying sociodemographic, psychopathological and criminological characteristics of a French population of female sexual offenders.
Material and methods
This study is descriptive and retrospective. The first author collected data from a database made of 30 years of psychiatric assessments written by the second author for French courts. The material was created in order to respond to court's questions. The inclusion criteria was being a female sexual offender, according to a wide definition of sexual offending, including rapes, sexual assaults, sexual harassment, corruption of a minor, pimping, exhibitionism. No exclusion criteria were defined. The assessments could be made for pre-trial evaluation of the women or for post-trial evaluation during custody. The data were then collected thanks to a systematic analysis of listed sociodemographic characteristics, psychopathological characteristics and criminological characteristics. Sociodemographic characteristics included: age when the assessment was made and when the offending occurred, year of the assessment, date and place of birth, living department, sentence, level of education, working status, marital status, motherhood, number of children, separation of parents, relationship with the father during childhood, relationship with the mother during childhood, physical, emotional or sexual violence incurred during childhood, life-time history of sexual abuse. Psychopathological characteristics were composed of medical, chirurgical, gynaecological and psychiatric history. The psychiatric history was made of: outpatient follow-up, hospitalization, medical treatment, suicidal, addictive comorbidities, legal protection, allowance for adult disabilities. Criminological characteristics encompass the number of victims, their age, their gender, their link with the female sexual offender, the frequency of the assault, the presence of a co-offender, the level of implication of the female sexual offender. Expert's conclusions included presence of an acute mental trouble, accessibility to a sentence, abolished or altered discernment when it comes to pre-trail assessments. Post-trial assessment examined the presence of an acute mental trouble, implemented cares during custody, evolution of personality, recidivism risk, opportunity of a medial treatment order. Thirty-one cases of female sexual offenders were collected, 16 pre-trial assessment and 16 post-trial ones. Quantitative data were analysed by mean, minimum and maximum. Qualitative data were analysed by and percentage. Association between two qualitative data was led by Fisher exact test. Names were systematically
{"title":"Caractéristiques sociodémographiques, psychopathologiques et criminologiques de femmes auteurs d’infraction sexuelle","authors":"Lauriane Delhay , Nabhan-Abou Nidal","doi":"10.1016/j.amp.2022.02.017","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.amp.2022.02.017","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><p>Since 2000, the phenomenon of female sexual offenders has been more and more studied in many countries, although it has been minimized for a long time. This population seems to present specific characteristics, different from those of male sexual offenders.</p></div><div><h3>Objectives</h3><p>Studying sociodemographic, psychopathological and criminological characteristics of a French population of female sexual offenders.</p></div><div><h3>Material and methods</h3><p>This study is descriptive and retrospective. The first author collected data from a database made of 30 years of psychiatric assessments written by the second author for French courts. The material was created in order to respond to court's questions. The inclusion criteria was being a female sexual offender, according to a wide definition of sexual offending, including rapes, sexual assaults, sexual harassment, corruption of a minor, pimping, exhibitionism. No exclusion criteria were defined. The assessments could be made for pre-trial evaluation of the women or for post-trial evaluation during custody. The data were then collected thanks to a systematic analysis of listed sociodemographic characteristics, psychopathological characteristics and criminological characteristics. Sociodemographic characteristics included: age when the assessment was made and when the offending occurred, year of the assessment, date and place of birth, living department, sentence, level of education, working status, marital status, motherhood, number of children, separation of parents, relationship with the father during childhood, relationship with the mother during childhood, physical, emotional or sexual violence incurred during childhood, life-time history of sexual abuse. Psychopathological characteristics were composed of medical, chirurgical, gynaecological and psychiatric history. The psychiatric history was made of: outpatient follow-up, hospitalization, medical treatment, suicidal, addictive comorbidities, legal protection, allowance for adult disabilities. Criminological characteristics encompass the number of victims, their age, their gender, their link with the female sexual offender, the frequency of the assault, the presence of a co-offender, the level of implication of the female sexual offender. Expert's conclusions included presence of an acute mental trouble, accessibility to a sentence, abolished or altered discernment when it comes to pre-trail assessments. Post-trial assessment examined the presence of an acute mental trouble, implemented cares during custody, evolution of personality, recidivism risk, opportunity of a medial treatment order. Thirty-one cases of female sexual offenders were collected, 16 pre-trial assessment and 16 post-trial ones. Quantitative data were analysed by mean, minimum and maximum. Qualitative data were analysed by and percentage. Association between two qualitative data was led by Fisher exact test. Names were systematically ","PeriodicalId":7992,"journal":{"name":"Annales medico-psychologiques","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84126837","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Psychiatric pathologies are widespread in the general population and rank third among the most frequent pathologies in the world, according to the World Health Organization, affecting nearly one in four people over their lifetime. Police officers in France are often required to intervene with people suffering from psychiatric disorders when they are involved in disturbances to public order. However, despite the frequency of these interventions in France, only a few specific training courses in psychiatry are made available to police officers. There has not been any research conducted in France on this subject. The objective of our study was to explore the perception of different dimensions of psychiatry (symptoms, treatments, prevalence, and dangerousness) by the Parisian police through an exploratory study.
Method
A self-administered questionnaire was sent to Parisian police officers through an internal mailing list. The questionnaire was comprised of 25 questions divided into five sub-sections. The first section of the questionnaire concerned the demographic and professional characteristics of the participants (age, gender, rank, and years of experience). The second section explored the exposure (personal and professional) of police officers to psychiatry. The third and fourth sections were devoted to questions about training in psychiatry and their perception of the different dimensions of psychiatry. The last section of the questionnaire was dedicated to any comments regarding the questionnaire.
Results
One hundred and ninety-one Parisian police officers – 106 men (56%) and 83 women (43%) – responded to the questionnaire and many of them reported frequent exposure to psychiatry (two-thirds say they are involved at least once a month with patients suffering from psychiatric disorders). The most frequently encountered problems were delusional ideas, agitation, suicide attempts or suicides, behavioral problems related to substance abuse, and hallucinations. We generally found benevolent attitudes on the part of the police. The police officers questioned evoked: mistrust (94.7%), empathy (46.8%), fear (37.4%), incomprehension (32.9%), and a negative judgment (8.4%), and 84% of the police officers reported an increased risk of using force during interventions involving people with psychiatric disorders. These results can be partly explained by the impairment of discernment found in people with decompensated psychiatric disorders, communication difficulties between police and patients, and the lack of training in the management or recognition of such symptoms. In addition, the majority of the participants reported feeling insufficiently trained in psychiatry and were in favor of the implementation of specific training courses either during their studies or as an element in their professional career: three-quarters of the police officers questioned never had any training
{"title":"Perception de différentes dimensions de la psychiatrie par les agents de police : étude sur 191 policiers parisiens","authors":"Théo Duquesne , Raphaël Gourevitch , Marine Ambar Akkaoui","doi":"10.1016/j.amp.2023.03.016","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.amp.2023.03.016","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><p>Psychiatric pathologies are widespread in the general population and rank third among the most frequent pathologies in the world, according to the World Health Organization, affecting nearly one in four people over their lifetime. Police officers in France are often required to intervene with people suffering from psychiatric disorders when they are involved in disturbances to public order. However, despite the frequency of these interventions in France, only a few specific training courses in psychiatry are made available to police officers. There has not been any research conducted in France on this subject. The objective of our study was to explore the perception of different dimensions of psychiatry (symptoms, treatments, prevalence, and dangerousness) by the Parisian police through an exploratory study.</p></div><div><h3>Method</h3><p>A self-administered questionnaire was sent to Parisian police officers through an internal mailing list. The questionnaire was comprised of 25 questions divided into five sub-sections. The first section of the questionnaire concerned the demographic and professional characteristics of the participants (age, gender, rank, and years of experience). The second section explored the exposure (personal and professional) of police officers to psychiatry. The third and fourth sections were devoted to questions about training in psychiatry and their perception of the different dimensions of psychiatry. The last section of the questionnaire was dedicated to any comments regarding the questionnaire.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>One hundred and ninety-one Parisian police officers – 106 men (56%) and 83 women (43%) – responded to the questionnaire and many of them reported frequent exposure to psychiatry (two-thirds say they are involved at least once a month with patients suffering from psychiatric disorders). The most frequently encountered problems were delusional ideas, agitation, suicide attempts or suicides, behavioral problems related to substance abuse, and hallucinations. We generally found benevolent attitudes on the part of the police. The police officers questioned evoked: mistrust (94.7%), empathy (46.8%), fear (37.4%), incomprehension (32.9%), and a negative judgment (8.4%), and 84% of the police officers reported an increased risk of using force during interventions involving people with psychiatric disorders. These results can be partly explained by the impairment of discernment found in people with decompensated psychiatric disorders, communication difficulties between police and patients, and the lack of training in the management or recognition of such symptoms. In addition, the majority of the participants reported feeling insufficiently trained in psychiatry and were in favor of the implementation of specific training courses either during their studies or as an element in their professional career: three-quarters of the police officers questioned never had any training ","PeriodicalId":7992,"journal":{"name":"Annales medico-psychologiques","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90893204","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-01-01DOI: 10.1016/j.amp.2022.07.006
Valérie Moulin, Philippe Delacrausaz
Introduction
Forensic assessments are mandated by judicial authorities to answer various questions and to assist in the judicial decision-making process. Judicial expertise is frequently the subject of publications; however, few French-speaking studies have focused on written forensic reports, i.e. the way in which the report is presented and written by the author. The way in which the report is written could have an impact on the perception of the situation of the person being assessed, on the value attributed to this complex assessment, and on the judicial decisions. Thus, the objective of this article is to review the main criticisms in forensic reports in scientific literature, as well as the resources that could help to improve them and ensure conformity to professional expectations.
Method
This article presents a narrative review of the scientific literature. It focuses on English and French publications and literature reviews in the field of forensic psychology and psychiatry.
Results
The review of the literature identified four aspects that could affect the quality of the report: 1/The expert framework and the position of the expert; 2/The terminology and writing styles used in the report; 3/The lack of reference to general principles of psycho-legal assessment; and 4/Weaknesses in the organization of the data and in the argumentative approach to answering the questions.
Conclusion
The weaknesses identified in the literature reviewed could be improved through training of the experts, the implementation of assessment guides, experts’ collegiality, and checklists.
{"title":"Le rapport d’expertise psychologique ou psychiatrique dans un contexte légal : faiblesses et ressources pour l’améliorer","authors":"Valérie Moulin, Philippe Delacrausaz","doi":"10.1016/j.amp.2022.07.006","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.amp.2022.07.006","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><p>Forensic assessments are mandated by judicial authorities to answer various questions and to assist in the judicial decision-making process. Judicial expertise is frequently the subject of publications; however, few French-speaking studies have focused on written forensic reports, i.e. the way in which the report is presented and written by the author. The way in which the report is written could have an impact on the perception of the situation of the person being assessed, on the value attributed to this complex assessment, and on the judicial decisions. Thus, the objective of this article is to review the main criticisms in forensic reports in scientific literature, as well as the resources that could help to improve them and ensure conformity to professional expectations.</p></div><div><h3>Method</h3><p>This article presents a narrative review of the scientific literature. It focuses on English and French publications and literature reviews in the field of forensic psychology and psychiatry.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>The review of the literature identified four aspects that could affect the quality of the report: 1/The expert framework and the position of the expert; 2/The terminology and writing styles used in the report; 3/The lack of reference to general principles of psycho-legal assessment; and 4/Weaknesses in the organization of the data and in the argumentative approach to answering the questions.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>The weaknesses identified in the literature reviewed could be improved through training of the experts, the implementation of assessment guides, experts’ collegiality, and checklists.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":7992,"journal":{"name":"Annales medico-psychologiques","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0003448722002086/pdfft?md5=800003569d25b5b492719913830a0139&pid=1-s2.0-S0003448722002086-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90573714","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-01-01DOI: 10.1016/j.amp.2023.11.003
Virginie Jacob Alby , Suzanne Léveillée
Objectives
The main objective of our study is to contribute to a better understanding of filicidal acts by mothers during the postnatal period. Fabienne Kabou's filicide of her 15-month-old daughter, sheds light on the psychic and psychopathological issues involved in the act. We will also use this case to identify the factors of vulnerability and risk which contributed to the filicide.
Method
Our method is to focus on the singularity of this case while at the same time looking for similarities with other cases of women who have committed this type of act. The story of Fabienne Kabou will be presented up to the point if her murderous act, followed by a discussion of the multiplicity and complexity of the related issues involved.
Results
The results of our study show that while her psychiatric pathology has been shown to be a major factor of vulnerability from the beginning of her pregnancy until the filicide, in our research we have emphasized that no grid of risk factors has yet been developed to facilitate the prevention of homicides committed by women on their infant children.
Conclusion
However, we estimate that it is possible to identify, from the case of Fabienne Kabou, those risk factors that are conducive to committing such an act, such as social isolation, lack of family support, repeated social breakdowns, financial and material dependence, and the impossibility of sharing the intimacy of her motherhood with anyone. We therefore asked ourselves how this type of filicide could be prevented in such cases of psychic and social isolation, and what tools could be created through future research to better prevent such acts.
{"title":"Étude d’un cas de filicide : Fabienne Kabou","authors":"Virginie Jacob Alby , Suzanne Léveillée","doi":"10.1016/j.amp.2023.11.003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.amp.2023.11.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><p>The main objective of our study is to contribute to a better understanding of filicidal acts by mothers during the postnatal period. Fabienne Kabou's filicide of her 15-month-old daughter, sheds light on the psychic and psychopathological issues involved in the act. We will also use this case to identify the factors of vulnerability and risk which contributed to the filicide.</p></div><div><h3>Method</h3><p>Our method is to focus on the singularity of this case while at the same time looking for similarities with other cases of women who have committed this type of act. The story of Fabienne Kabou will be presented up to the point if her murderous act, followed by a discussion of the multiplicity and complexity of the related issues involved.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>The results of our study show that while her psychiatric pathology has been shown to be a major factor of vulnerability from the beginning of her pregnancy until the filicide, in our research we have emphasized that no grid of risk factors has yet been developed to facilitate the prevention of homicides committed by women on their infant children.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>However, we estimate that it is possible to identify, from the case of Fabienne Kabou, those risk factors that are conducive to committing such an act, such as social isolation, lack of family support, repeated social breakdowns, financial and material dependence, and the impossibility of sharing the intimacy of her motherhood with anyone. We therefore asked ourselves how this type of filicide could be prevented in such cases of psychic and social isolation, and what tools could be created through future research to better prevent such acts.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":7992,"journal":{"name":"Annales medico-psychologiques","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139675414","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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