Pub Date : 2024-05-01DOI: 10.1016/j.amp.2021.10.001
Antoine-Marie Serafino , Tudi Gozé , Clara Hauck , Christophe Gauld , Jean-Arthur Micoulaud-Franchi , Jean Naudin , Michel Cermolacce
Objectives
The aim of this review is to explore the multiple aspects of the « Praecox Feeling » as introduced and developed by the Dutch Psychiatrist H.C Rümke in 1941 and re-assessed over the following years by its peers.
Methods
We present a historical review of this subject from the first description to the most recent research and proposed related notions like typification processes and gut feeling.
Results
The Praecox Feeling, as presented by Rümke, may be considered as the most sensible tool in order to diagnose schizophrenia. This phenomenon appears in the in-between of the clinical encounter (i.e. the intersubjective space). It may be felt by the clinician as an experience of bizarreness during the interaction with a patient suffering from schizophrenia. Those feelings suggest fundamental aspects of schizophrenia that can be recognized as a peculiar form of embodiment. Rümke finally concludes that schizophrenia is not diagnosed by strictly examining patients’ symptoms, but psychiatrists’ own feelings. The recognition of such feelings remains hard to describe explicitly, since it takes place in a very basic (« pre reflexive ») state. However, numbers of researchers tried to explore praecox feeling more accurately. A phenomenological approach, with Minkowski, Binswanger or Tellenbach among others, developed several related terms: “Diagnostic by intuition”, “Diagnostic by penetration” or “Atmospheric diagnosis”. Although the precocity of the diagnosis is mentioned in Rümke's original paper, it does not precisely define the Praecox Feeling, contributing to the misunderstanding of the Rümke's original formulation. The very notion of Praecox Feeling in terms of psychiatric diagnoses fell into disuse with the development and the widespread diffusion of criteriological approaches, with the risk of an impoverishment of the clinical diagnosis. However, the study of specific subjective perspectives showed a renewed interest over the last decade, especially with the contribution of cognitive and social neurosciences. Furthermore, studies on psychiatrists’ daily-practice suggest that the Praecox Feeling is still relevant. Moreover, “the subjective tool” represented by the Praecox Feeling remains as used today as it was fifty years ago, in a pre-DSM III era. Temporal aspects have, nevertheless, lead to several studies suggesting that many clinical indices are identified during the first minutes of a clinical interview, especially for schizophrenia. In order to specify this very intuitive pathway, authors developed and worked on the typifications processes that lead to such feelings, involving diagnosis through prototypes. The passive synthesis of such subtle clinical clues may induce for the clinician a “pattern recognition” phenomenon that reminds a “gestaltic” diagnosis. This specific aspect of typification may not be specific of psychiatry. The “Guts Feeling” is a notion first develop
{"title":"Le Praecox Feeling : présentation historique du concept et aspects épistémologiques","authors":"Antoine-Marie Serafino , Tudi Gozé , Clara Hauck , Christophe Gauld , Jean-Arthur Micoulaud-Franchi , Jean Naudin , Michel Cermolacce","doi":"10.1016/j.amp.2021.10.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.amp.2021.10.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><p>The aim of this review is to explore the multiple aspects of the « Praecox Feeling » as introduced and developed by the Dutch Psychiatrist H.C Rümke in 1941 and re-assessed over the following years by its peers.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>We present a historical review of this subject from the first description to the most recent research and proposed related notions like typification processes and gut feeling.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>The Praecox Feeling, as presented by Rümke, may be considered as the most sensible tool in order to diagnose schizophrenia. This phenomenon appears in the in-between of the clinical encounter (i.e. the intersubjective space). It may be felt by the clinician as an experience of bizarreness during the interaction with a patient suffering from schizophrenia. Those feelings suggest fundamental aspects of schizophrenia that can be recognized as a peculiar form of embodiment. Rümke finally concludes that schizophrenia is not diagnosed by strictly examining patients’ symptoms, but psychiatrists’ own feelings. The recognition of such feelings remains hard to describe explicitly, since it takes place in a very basic (« pre reflexive ») state. However, numbers of researchers tried to explore praecox feeling more accurately. A phenomenological approach, with Minkowski, Binswanger or Tellenbach among others, developed several related terms: “Diagnostic by intuition”, “Diagnostic by penetration” or “Atmospheric diagnosis”. Although the precocity of the diagnosis is mentioned in Rümke's original paper, it does not precisely define the Praecox Feeling, contributing to the misunderstanding of the Rümke's original formulation. The very notion of Praecox Feeling in terms of psychiatric diagnoses fell into disuse with the development and the widespread diffusion of criteriological approaches, with the risk of an impoverishment of the clinical diagnosis. However, the study of specific subjective perspectives showed a renewed interest over the last decade, especially with the contribution of cognitive and social neurosciences. Furthermore, studies on psychiatrists’ daily-practice suggest that the Praecox Feeling is still relevant. Moreover, “the subjective tool” represented by the Praecox Feeling remains as used today as it was fifty years ago, in a pre-DSM III era. Temporal aspects have, nevertheless, lead to several studies suggesting that many clinical indices are identified during the first minutes of a clinical interview, especially for schizophrenia. In order to specify this very intuitive pathway, authors developed and worked on the typifications processes that lead to such feelings, involving diagnosis through prototypes. The passive synthesis of such subtle clinical clues may induce for the clinician a “pattern recognition” phenomenon that reminds a “gestaltic” diagnosis. This specific aspect of typification may not be specific of psychiatry. The “Guts Feeling” is a notion first develop","PeriodicalId":7992,"journal":{"name":"Annales medico-psychologiques","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2024-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82417390","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-05-01DOI: 10.1016/j.amp.2023.12.012
Alvaro Murillo-Garcia , Juan Luis Leon-Llamas , Santos Villafaina , Mari Carmen Gomez-Alvaro , Pablo Molero , Narcis Gusi
Introduction
Previous studies have found brain abnormalities and deficits in cognitive functions in people with fibromyalgia. It is known that choreography or creative tasks significantly generate cognitive improvements. Various methods have been described in the literature to evaluate creative activities using electroencephalography (EEG), such as the imagination of dance improvisations. However, there is the notion that creative solutions can emerge during the action and that creative motor action may reflect new, statistically rare, and adaptive coordination and/or the control solutions performed.
Aim
This study seeks to establish an operational approach to test how constraints are combined to induce variability of movement and how to evaluate it, but without forgetting the ideation or preparation of the activity as a relevant section in the study of motor creativity. To this end, this study aims to validate and test the reliability and applicability of an innovative test of motor creativity: The Motor Creativity Assessment (MCA), with the aim of achieving an objective score of motor creativity that can be used to test patients and monitor the interventions.
Material and methods
to correctly satisfy the requirements of the standard protocol for clinical trials, this study has followed the SPIRIT 2013 Statement Items. A total of 13 women with fibromyalgia and 13 healthy women were included in the study. The individual's cognitive impairment, sleep quality, pain, quality of life, level of physical activity, fear of falling, and the impact of fibromyalgia will be studied. This study develops a specific test of motor creativity without the use of objects, with the aim of achieving an objective score of motor creativity. An observation score sheet allows motor creativity to be analyzed and scored by viewing a video of the creative movement test. The Enobio® instrument (Neuroelectrics, Cambridge, MA, USA) and Neuroelectrics® instrument driver software (NIC1) were used to record EEG and heart rate variability signals.
{"title":"Motor creativity assessment: A test-retest reliability and validity protocol study in fibromyalgia and healthy women","authors":"Alvaro Murillo-Garcia , Juan Luis Leon-Llamas , Santos Villafaina , Mari Carmen Gomez-Alvaro , Pablo Molero , Narcis Gusi","doi":"10.1016/j.amp.2023.12.012","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.amp.2023.12.012","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><p>Previous studies have found brain abnormalities and deficits in cognitive functions in people with fibromyalgia. It is known that choreography or creative tasks significantly generate cognitive improvements. Various methods have been described in the literature to evaluate creative activities using electroencephalography (EEG), such as the imagination of dance improvisations. However, there is the notion that creative solutions can emerge during the action and that creative motor action may reflect new, statistically rare, and adaptive coordination and/or the control solutions performed.</p></div><div><h3>Aim</h3><p>This study seeks to establish an operational approach to test how constraints are combined to induce variability of movement and how to evaluate it, but without forgetting the ideation or preparation of the activity as a relevant section in the study of motor creativity. To this end, this study aims to validate and test the reliability and applicability of an innovative test of motor creativity: The Motor Creativity Assessment (MCA), with the aim of achieving an objective score of motor creativity that can be used to test patients and monitor the interventions.</p></div><div><h3>Material and methods</h3><p>to correctly satisfy the requirements of the standard protocol for clinical trials, this study has followed the SPIRIT 2013 Statement Items. A total of 13 women with fibromyalgia and 13 healthy women were included in the study. The individual's cognitive impairment, sleep quality, pain, quality of life, level of physical activity, fear of falling, and the impact of fibromyalgia will be studied. This study develops a specific test of motor creativity without the use of objects, with the aim of achieving an objective score of motor creativity. An observation score sheet allows motor creativity to be analyzed and scored by viewing a video of the creative movement test. The Enobio® instrument (Neuroelectrics, Cambridge, MA, USA) and Neuroelectrics® instrument driver software (NIC1) were used to record EEG and heart rate variability signals.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":7992,"journal":{"name":"Annales medico-psychologiques","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2024-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0003448724000556/pdfft?md5=8fe056adc5f58264c23f2dc30d1c7416&pid=1-s2.0-S0003448724000556-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140272119","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-05-01DOI: 10.1016/j.amp.2022.08.014
Éric Coulombe , Serge Larivée
Psychological autopsy has been added to the psychiatrist's diagnostic toolbox since his creation in the United States in the late 1950s. However, we wonder about the scientific validity of this method. Therefore, we trace the history of its creation, before pointing out the methodological flaws and defects: we maintain that 1) it is impossible to diagnose a mental disorder in a deceased person by interviewing relatives and acquaintances, 2) that the scientific literature supporting the validity of the method does not demonstrate that it is possible to respond scientifically to point 1 and 3) that the association between depression and suicide is an artifact introduced by the methodological flaws of the studies on psychological autopsy. We finally show that its use today exceeds the objective of its creators.
{"title":"L’autopsie psychologique : un exercice scientifique ou un art divinatoire ?","authors":"Éric Coulombe , Serge Larivée","doi":"10.1016/j.amp.2022.08.014","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.amp.2022.08.014","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Psychological autopsy has been added to the psychiatrist's diagnostic toolbox since his creation in the United States in the late 1950s. However, we wonder about the scientific validity of this method. Therefore, we trace the history of its creation, before pointing out the methodological flaws and defects: we maintain that 1) it is impossible to diagnose a mental disorder in a deceased person by interviewing relatives and acquaintances, 2) that the scientific literature supporting the validity of the method does not demonstrate that it is possible to respond scientifically to point 1 and 3) that the association between depression and suicide is an artifact introduced by the methodological flaws of the studies on psychological autopsy. We finally show that its use today exceeds the objective of its creators.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":7992,"journal":{"name":"Annales medico-psychologiques","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2024-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72911242","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Cognitive Evoked Potentials (PEC) are endogenous potentials of non-invasive and ancient realization. It is a complementary practice that is not common in the psychiatric field. The description of the PECs carried out in the Limoges psychiatric hospital center is made around 2 groups of psychiatric pathologies: psychotic disorders, depressive disorders. The analysis of the different components of the PEC allows to better define the clinical characteristics in the patients. P300 and contingent negative variation (CNV) potentials describe clinical indicators such as psychomotor retardation, cognitive difficulties, anticipation, attention, memory and task integration. The P50 allows you to see the ability or not for a patient to filter sensory information. The combination of four tests (P300 in direct averaging, P300 in backward averaging, CNV and P50) provides additional detailed information, especially since associated pathologies are frequent in the same patient. The treatment of patients often presents several associated molecules. The aim of this work is to take stock of this additional assessment of psychiatric disorders in a neurophysiology unit.
{"title":"Potentiels évoqués cognitifs en psychiatrie : expérience de terrain","authors":"Hamidou Traore , Stanley Borde , Françoise Blanchard-Bouhajja , Joëlle Rocher , Murielle Girard , Aurélie Lacroix","doi":"10.1016/j.amp.2021.09.017","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.amp.2021.09.017","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Cognitive Evoked Potentials (PEC) are endogenous potentials of non-invasive and ancient realization. It is a complementary practice that is not common in the psychiatric field. The description of the PECs carried out in the Limoges psychiatric hospital center is made around 2 groups of psychiatric pathologies: psychotic disorders, depressive disorders. The analysis of the different components of the PEC allows to better define the clinical characteristics in the patients. P300 and contingent negative variation (CNV) potentials describe clinical indicators such as psychomotor retardation, cognitive difficulties, anticipation, attention, memory and task integration. The P50 allows you to see the ability or not for a patient to filter sensory information. The combination of four tests (P300 in direct averaging, P300 in backward averaging, CNV and P50) provides additional detailed information, especially since associated pathologies are frequent in the same patient. The treatment of patients often presents several associated molecules. The aim of this work is to take stock of this additional assessment of psychiatric disorders in a neurophysiology unit.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":7992,"journal":{"name":"Annales medico-psychologiques","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2024-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81780383","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-05-01DOI: 10.1016/j.amp.2024.02.006
Guillaume R. Coudevylle , Jean-Pierre Bouchard
On the eve of the Paris 2024 Olympic and Paralympic Games, the psychological pressure is mounting as much on athletes in the process of qualifying as on those who have already qualified. Through the values conveyed by Olympism (excellence, respect and friendship), participation or even success in this competition can represent an ultimate goal for an athlete's career. Its worldwide resonance, its infrequency every 4 years and its location in Paris make it a special event that is both a source of motivation and a source of intense stress. But whether it's the Olympic and Paralympic Games or any other sporting competition, achieving the optimum level of motivation to exploit the athlete's skills and abilities to the full without putting their physical and psychological health at risk can be a real challenge. In this interview with Doctor Jean-Pierre Bouchard, Doctor Guillaume Coudevylle discusses the importance of basing any intervention on basic principles derived from sport psychology research. He goes back over these principles, reminding us that they are the result of scientific contributions over the last hundred years. In view of the multitude of parameters involved in a performance, the examination of a personality as the fruit of a singular upbringing and history, and the complexity of a performance situation, his approach helps to clarify objectives and means.
{"title":"Accompagnement psychologique dans le sport de haut niveau : principes généraux","authors":"Guillaume R. Coudevylle , Jean-Pierre Bouchard","doi":"10.1016/j.amp.2024.02.006","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.amp.2024.02.006","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>On the eve of the Paris 2024 Olympic and Paralympic Games, the psychological pressure is mounting as much on athletes in the process of qualifying as on those who have already qualified. Through the values conveyed by Olympism (excellence, respect and friendship), participation or even success in this competition can represent an ultimate goal for an athlete's career. Its worldwide resonance, its infrequency every 4 years and its location in Paris make it a special event that is both a source of motivation and a source of intense stress. But whether it's the Olympic and Paralympic Games or any other sporting competition, achieving the optimum level of motivation to exploit the athlete's skills and abilities to the full without putting their physical and psychological health at risk can be a real challenge. In this interview with Doctor Jean-Pierre Bouchard, Doctor Guillaume Coudevylle discusses the importance of basing any intervention on basic principles derived from sport psychology research. He goes back over these principles, reminding us that they are the result of scientific contributions over the last hundred years. In view of the multitude of parameters involved in a performance, the examination of a personality as the fruit of a singular upbringing and history, and the complexity of a performance situation, his approach helps to clarify objectives and means.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":7992,"journal":{"name":"Annales medico-psychologiques","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2024-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140787309","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-05-01DOI: 10.1016/j.amp.2023.06.006
Sophia Deliyanidis , Gundula Ludwig , Michael Saraga , Céline Bourquin , Friedrich Stiefel
Introduction
Collusion designates a specific type of transference-countertransference interaction between two or more persons, linked by an unconscious and shared unresolved issue, which they avoid on an intrapsychic level by externalizing it in the interpersonal space.
Objective
To find a way to identify collusion and to delineate it from other transference-countertransference interactions. We conducted this study based on a case series approach.
Methods
The study material consisted of audiotaped clinicians-centered supervisions with oncologists. The case series methodology involved the systematic examination of a purposive sample of supervisions, with the aim to understand how and why they differ from one another with respect to the relational dynamic between the physician and his/her patient.
Results
Four cases/supervisions were selected as they allowed to situate collusion on the spectrum of transference-countertransference interactions. We report on it by describing a countertransference reaction, two transference-countertransference interactions, and a collusion.
Conclusions
The study reveals the challenges and pitfalls of research on collusion. The results allow to confirm the criteria of our working definition of collusion and to delineate collusion from other transference-countertransference interactions, which represents a first step for the empirical investigation of collusion.
{"title":"When patients and physicians get mixed up: An investigation and differential description of collusion by means of a case series of supervisions","authors":"Sophia Deliyanidis , Gundula Ludwig , Michael Saraga , Céline Bourquin , Friedrich Stiefel","doi":"10.1016/j.amp.2023.06.006","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.amp.2023.06.006","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><p>Collusion designates a specific type of transference-countertransference interaction between two or more persons, linked by an unconscious and shared unresolved issue, which they avoid on an intrapsychic level by externalizing it in the interpersonal space.</p></div><div><h3>Objective</h3><p>To find a way to identify collusion and to delineate it from other transference-countertransference interactions. We conducted this study based on a case series approach.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>The study material consisted of audiotaped clinicians-centered supervisions with oncologists. The case series methodology involved the systematic examination of a purposive sample of supervisions, with the aim to understand how and why they differ from one another with respect to the relational dynamic between the physician and his/her patient.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>Four cases/supervisions were selected as they allowed to situate collusion on the spectrum of transference-countertransference interactions. We report on it by describing a countertransference reaction, two transference-countertransference interactions, and a collusion.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>The study reveals the challenges and pitfalls of research on collusion. The results allow to confirm the criteria of our working definition of collusion and to delineate collusion from other transference-countertransference interactions, which represents a first step for the empirical investigation of collusion.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":7992,"journal":{"name":"Annales medico-psychologiques","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2024-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0003448723002287/pdfft?md5=56eed24b1d1aeffe9d64ad523f8471e1&pid=1-s2.0-S0003448723002287-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76999747","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-05-01DOI: 10.1016/j.amp.2022.01.006
Daniel Charles French , Jean-Pol Lanquart , Marianne Rotsaert , Gwenolé Loas
Objectives
The Short Dark Triad (SD3) scale has been created by Delroy L. Paulhus and his team in 2013 (University of British Columbia, Vancouver BC, Canada). Its purpose is to provide a brief measure of three socially aversive traits known as the Dark Triad (Machiavellianism, Narcissism and Psychopathy). This study aims to explore the psychometric properties of this French version of the scale and to validate this translation.
Materials and methods
The SD3 scale has been translated from English to French, then retro-translated to English again to compare it to the original version. The validation continued with an online survey (LimeSurvey) allowing to compare the results of the three sub-scales with the results of the three existing scales previously validated in French (MACH-IV-fr, NPI-fr, LSRP-fr). A total of 787 participants answered the online survey.
Results and conclusions
Statistical analyzes suggest a good internal consistency (n = 580 and Cronbach's alpha coefficients: 0.85 on the full scale, 0.78, 0.70, 0.69 on the sub-scales of Machiavellianism, Narcissism and Psychopathy) and a good external validity of the SD3-fr translated in the present work (n = 500 and SD3 Machia–MACHIV-fr correlation: 0.70; SD3 Narcis – NPI-fr: 0.74; SD3 Psychopathy – LSRP-fr: 0.67). The confirmatory factor analysis suggests a three correlated factors model. This SD3-fr scale will be used in a further study.
{"title":"Traduction et étude de validation de la version française de l’échelle « Short Dark Triad, SD3 » (Échelle Courte de la Triade Noire)","authors":"Daniel Charles French , Jean-Pol Lanquart , Marianne Rotsaert , Gwenolé Loas","doi":"10.1016/j.amp.2022.01.006","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.amp.2022.01.006","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><p>The Short Dark Triad (SD3) scale has been created by Delroy L. Paulhus and his team in 2013 (University of British Columbia, Vancouver BC, Canada). Its purpose is to provide a brief measure of three socially aversive traits known as the Dark Triad (Machiavellianism, Narcissism and Psychopathy). This study aims to explore the psychometric properties of this French version of the scale and to validate this translation.</p></div><div><h3>Materials and methods</h3><p>The SD3 scale has been translated from English to French, then retro-translated to English again to compare it to the original version. The validation continued with an online survey (LimeSurvey) allowing to compare the results of the three sub-scales with the results of the three existing scales previously validated in French (MACH-IV-fr, NPI-fr, LSRP-fr). A total of 787 participants answered the online survey.</p></div><div><h3>Results and conclusions</h3><p>Statistical analyzes suggest a good internal consistency (<em>n</em> <!-->=<!--> <!-->580 and Cronbach's alpha coefficients: 0.85 on the full scale, 0.78, 0.70, 0.69 on the sub-scales of Machiavellianism, Narcissism and Psychopathy) and a good external validity of the SD3-fr translated in the present work (<em>n</em> <!-->=<!--> <!-->500 and SD3 Machia–MACHIV-fr correlation: 0.70; SD3 Narcis – NPI-fr: 0.74; SD3 Psychopathy – LSRP-fr: 0.67). The confirmatory factor analysis suggests a three correlated factors model. This SD3-fr scale will be used in a further study.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":7992,"journal":{"name":"Annales medico-psychologiques","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2024-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77042049","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-05-01DOI: 10.1016/j.amp.2023.12.013
Camille Auriol , Margot Moulinas , Vera Walburg
Objectives
Cocaine use has tended to increase over the past decade, particularly among younger populations. Cocaine is the second most commonly used illicit substance in France. Over the past few years, there has been an uptick in cocaine consumption in the country. The observed increase in consumption raises questions about the underlying motives. The goal of the present study is to construct and validate a questionnaire that explores the motivation behind cocaine use.
Materials and methods
This paper consists of two studies conducted on different data collections. In the first study, one thousand, one hundred and thirteen (n = 1113) individuals participated and six hundred and seventy (n = 670) individuals participated in the second study. All participants were current or former cocaine users. These participants completed an online sociodemographic questionnaire, a constructed questionnaire exploring motivations for cocaine use. This questionnaire was developed using the self-determination theory of (Deci & Ryan, 1985) and 11 semi-structured interviews with users. The purpose of these interviews was to explore the motivation for cocaine use, the expected benefits, and the negative consequences. From literature and the corpus of previously completed interviews, a first version of the questionnaire with 31 items was produced. The research respects the ethical recommendations of Helsinki and has received a favorable opinion from the research ethics committee. The data was collected anonymously and on a voluntary basis.
Results
In the first study, 574 (51.6%) men and 539 (48.4%) women participated. The mean age of the participants was 25.0 years (SD = 5.83) ranging from 18 to 65 years old. In the second study 310 (46.3%) men and 360 (53.7%) women participated. The mean age of the participants was 25.7 years (SD = 4.23) ranging from 18 to 48 years old. Initially, an exploratory factor analysis was carried out. This first analysis resulted in a 23-item questionnaire with a four-factor solution: pleasant sensations, social pressure and self-image, absence of motivation, and curiosity and experience. The psychometric indicators were quite satisfactory with X2 (465) = 15951, P < 0.001 for the Bartlett test and 0.91 for the KMO (Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin) test. In the second part of the research, the confirmatory factor analysis indicated a solution with three factors and 21 items. Psychometric indicators showed CFI (Comparative Fit Index) = 0.89, RMSEA (Root Mean Square Error of Approximation) = 0.06 and SRMR (Standardized Root Mean Square Residual) = 0.06. The three main factors for cocaine use were: pleasant and positive sensations, social pressure and self-esteem, and amotivation.
{"title":"Psychometric features of the Cocaine Use Motivation Questionnaire (CUMQ)","authors":"Camille Auriol , Margot Moulinas , Vera Walburg","doi":"10.1016/j.amp.2023.12.013","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.amp.2023.12.013","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><p>Cocaine use has tended to increase over the past decade, particularly among younger populations. Cocaine is the second most commonly used illicit substance in France. Over the past few years, there has been an uptick in cocaine consumption in the country. The observed increase in consumption raises questions about the underlying motives. The goal of the present study is to construct and validate a questionnaire that explores the motivation behind cocaine use.</p></div><div><h3>Materials and methods</h3><p>This paper consists of two studies conducted on different data collections. In the first study, one thousand, one hundred and thirteen (<em>n</em> <!-->=<!--> <!-->1113) individuals participated and six hundred and seventy (<em>n</em> <!-->=<!--> <!-->670) individuals participated in the second study. All participants were current or former cocaine users. These participants completed an online sociodemographic questionnaire, a constructed questionnaire exploring motivations for cocaine use. This questionnaire was developed using the self-determination theory of (Deci & Ryan, 1985) and 11 semi-structured interviews with users. The purpose of these interviews was to explore the motivation for cocaine use, the expected benefits, and the negative consequences. From literature and the corpus of previously completed interviews, a first version of the questionnaire with 31 items was produced. The research respects the ethical recommendations of Helsinki and has received a favorable opinion from the research ethics committee. The data was collected anonymously and on a voluntary basis.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>In the first study, 574 (51.6%) men and 539 (48.4%) women participated. The mean age of the participants was 25.0 years (SD<!--> <!-->=<!--> <!-->5.83) ranging from 18 to 65 years old. In the second study 310 (46.3%) men and 360 (53.7%) women participated. The mean age of the participants was 25.7 years (SD<!--> <!-->=<!--> <!-->4.23) ranging from 18 to 48 years old. Initially, an exploratory factor analysis was carried out. This first analysis resulted in a 23-item questionnaire with a four-factor solution: pleasant sensations, social pressure and self-image, absence of motivation, and curiosity and experience. The psychometric indicators were quite satisfactory with X<sup>2</sup> (465)<!--> <!-->=<!--> <!-->15951, <em>P</em> <!--><<!--> <!-->0.001 for the Bartlett test and 0.91 for the KMO (Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin) test. In the second part of the research, the confirmatory factor analysis indicated a solution with three factors and 21 items. Psychometric indicators showed CFI (Comparative Fit Index)<!--> <!-->=<!--> <!-->0.89, RMSEA (Root Mean Square Error of Approximation)<!--> <!-->=<!--> <!-->0.06 and SRMR (Standardized Root Mean Square Residual)<!--> <!-->=<!--> <!-->0.06. The three main factors for cocaine use were: pleasant and positive sensations, social pressure and self-esteem, and amotivation.</p></","PeriodicalId":7992,"journal":{"name":"Annales medico-psychologiques","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2024-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140767496","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-05-01DOI: 10.1016/j.amp.2021.12.004
Denis Tiberghien
In 1875, Gustave Bouchereau (1835–1900), Gustave Lolliot (1835–1882) and Valentin Magnan (1833–1916) opened a private nursing home for psychiatric patients (insane or not) in Suresnes, known as “le Château de Suresnes” (1875). This establishment took care of patients declared insane according to the terms of the law of 1838. G. Lolliot was the first medical director. In 1882, Honoré Saury (1854–1924) succeeded him. His physician assistant was Léon Victor Revertégat (1860–1938), a former intern of the Seine asylums (1894). This latter became in turn the medical director in 1893–94. Later, he was the founder of a private nursing home in Sannois (Val d’Oise). One of his patients was the painter Maurice Utrillo (1883–1955); he was hospitalized between 1912 and 1914 over there. L. Revertégat was a member of the Société Médico-Psychologique and of the Société clinique de médecine mentale respectively in 1906 and 1908. Afterwards, while V. Magnan was still alive, other doctors followed suite: Gabriel Stanislas Jacques (1860–1914), Socrate Lalou (1875–1930), Jules-Albert Baronnet (1852–1936), Jean-Maurice Sardain (1876–1961) and Aimable-Clovis Crété (1875–1934). Among them, G. Jacques and J.-M Sardain were members of the mental medicine society in 1910. G. Jacques died in his 50th year while he was medical director. S. Lalou was more interested in experimental research rather than clinical study; he returned to his native country (Romania) where he was appointed professor of pharmacology (Bucarest). After working in a private nursing home for the psychiatric ill in Fontenay-sous-Bois, A.-C. Crété. worked in that of Suresnes and finished his career in a sanatorium in Guervenan (Bretagne) which completed the social hygiene and anti-tuberculosis dispensaries. J.-A. Baronnet, L.-V. Revertégat et J.-M. Sardain were doctors who did not seem to particularly appreciate the satisfaction brought by the psychiatry specialty and later became dentists; most probably for financial reasons.
{"title":"Jules-Albert Baronnet (1852–1914), Amable-Clovis Crété (1875–1934) Gabriel Jacques (1860–1914), Socrate Lalou (1875–1930), Léon Victor Revertégat (1860–1938) et Jean-Maurice Sardain (1876–1961) : des médecins directeurs ou adjoints à la maison de santé de Suresnes fondée par Gustave Bouchereau (1835–1900), Gustave Lolliot (1835–1882) et Valentin Magnan (1833–1916) en 1875","authors":"Denis Tiberghien","doi":"10.1016/j.amp.2021.12.004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.amp.2021.12.004","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In 1875, Gustave Bouchereau (1835–1900), Gustave Lolliot (1835–1882) and Valentin Magnan (1833–1916) opened a private nursing home for psychiatric patients (insane or not) in Suresnes, known as “le Château de Suresnes” (1875). This establishment took care of patients declared insane according to the terms of the law of 1838. G. Lolliot was the first medical director. In 1882, Honoré Saury (1854–1924) succeeded him. His physician assistant was Léon Victor Revertégat (1860–1938), a former intern of the Seine asylums (1894). This latter became in turn the medical director in 1893–94. Later, he was the founder of a private nursing home in Sannois (Val d’Oise). One of his patients was the painter Maurice Utrillo (1883–1955); he was hospitalized between 1912 and 1914 over there. L. Revertégat was a member of the <em>Société Médico-Psychologique</em> and of the <em>Société clinique de médecine mentale</em> respectively in 1906 and 1908. Afterwards, while V. Magnan was still alive, other doctors followed suite: Gabriel Stanislas Jacques (1860–1914), Socrate Lalou (1875–1930), Jules-Albert Baronnet (1852–1936), Jean-Maurice Sardain (1876–1961) and Aimable-Clovis Crété (1875–1934). Among them, G. Jacques and J.-M Sardain were members of the mental medicine society in 1910. G. Jacques died in his 50th year while he was medical director. S. Lalou was more interested in experimental research rather than clinical study; he returned to his native country (Romania) where he was appointed professor of pharmacology (Bucarest). After working in a private nursing home for the psychiatric ill in Fontenay-sous-Bois, A.-C. Crété. worked in that of Suresnes and finished his career in a sanatorium in Guervenan (Bretagne) which completed the social hygiene and anti-tuberculosis dispensaries. J.-A. Baronnet, L.-V. Revertégat et J.-M. Sardain were doctors who did not seem to particularly appreciate the satisfaction brought by the psychiatry specialty and later became dentists; most probably for financial reasons.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":7992,"journal":{"name":"Annales medico-psychologiques","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2024-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140946861","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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