Pub Date : 2024-11-01DOI: 10.1016/j.amp.2024.08.016
Gilles Fénelon
First described in the 19th century in patients with brain lesions, prosopagnosia was named in 1947 by Joachim Bodamer (1910–1985), a German neuropsychiatrist. The term refers to the inability to recognise a familiar face, a rarely isolated symptom. Prosopagnosia is thought to result from brain lesions, predominantly at the ventral right temporo-occipital junction. There are more common cases of developmental prosopagnosia, where no lesion has been identified. Capgras syndrome (CS), described by Joseph Capgras (1873–1950), a psychiatrist, consists of the persistent belief that a close relative, identified, has been replaced by a look-alike. SC, considered a delusional disorder of identification or familiarity, has been described in chronic psychoses, mainly schizophrenia. It is also reported in the course of neurodegenerative diseases (mainly Alzheimer's disease, Lewy body dementia, Parkinson's dementia). Lesion-based forms have recently been described. Prosopagnosia and SC were initially thought to result from mirror-image lesions involving a single factor, one affecting an overt ventral circuit for face recognition (in the case of prosopagnosia), the other a covert dorsal circuit involved in emotional and vegetative responses (in the case of CS). Lesion network mapping has been used in both lesion-related conditions and suggests a more complex figure. Lesions causing prosopagnosia were correlated with one of the main regions associated with face recognition, the right fusiform face area, and anticorrelated with left frontal regions possibly involved in visual attentional control. In lesional forms of CS or other delusional misidentification syndromes, there was a correlation with left retrosplenial cortex, an area associated with familiarity processing, and a correlation with right frontal regions associated with belief evaluation. This finding supports the intervention of two factors in CS, one generating the impaired familiarity associated with perception and the other the genesis and persistence of a delusional idea. The debate on the mechanisms of CS is not settled, especially as it is limited to its lesional forms, but studies using lesion network mapping already mark a more general paradigm shift, with attention shifting from lesions (clinico-anatomical method) to circuit dysfunction.
{"title":"Prosopagnosie et syndrome de Capgras : deux syndromes en miroir ?","authors":"Gilles Fénelon","doi":"10.1016/j.amp.2024.08.016","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.amp.2024.08.016","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>First described in the 19th century in patients with brain lesions, prosopagnosia was named in 1947 by Joachim Bodamer (1910–1985), a German neuropsychiatrist. The term refers to the inability to recognise a familiar face, a rarely isolated symptom. Prosopagnosia is thought to result from brain lesions, predominantly at the ventral right temporo-occipital junction. There are more common cases of developmental prosopagnosia, where no lesion has been identified. Capgras syndrome (CS), described by Joseph Capgras (1873–1950), a psychiatrist, consists of the persistent belief that a close relative, identified, has been replaced by a look-alike. SC, considered a delusional disorder of identification or familiarity, has been described in chronic psychoses, mainly schizophrenia. It is also reported in the course of neurodegenerative diseases (mainly Alzheimer's disease, Lewy body dementia, Parkinson's dementia). Lesion-based forms have recently been described. Prosopagnosia and SC were initially thought to result from mirror-image lesions involving a single factor, one affecting an overt ventral circuit for face recognition (in the case of prosopagnosia), the other a covert dorsal circuit involved in emotional and vegetative responses (in the case of CS). Lesion network mapping has been used in both lesion-related conditions and suggests a more complex figure. Lesions causing prosopagnosia were correlated with one of the main regions associated with face recognition, the right fusiform face area, and anticorrelated with left frontal regions possibly involved in visual attentional control. In lesional forms of CS or other delusional misidentification syndromes, there was a correlation with left retrosplenial cortex, an area associated with familiarity processing, and a correlation with right frontal regions associated with belief evaluation. This finding supports the intervention of two factors in CS, one generating the impaired familiarity associated with perception and the other the genesis and persistence of a delusional idea. The debate on the mechanisms of CS is not settled, especially as it is limited to its lesional forms, but studies using lesion network mapping already mark a more general paradigm shift, with attention shifting from lesions (clinico-anatomical method) to circuit dysfunction.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7992,"journal":{"name":"Annales medico-psychologiques","volume":"182 9","pages":"Pages 862-866"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142659381","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-11-01DOI: 10.1016/j.amp.2024.09.018
Jean-Luc Martinot , Marie-Laure Paillere , Alice V. Chavanne , Eric Artiges
Precursors are evoked upstream of the Capgras’ syndrome. Then, an analogy is suggested between the need for prognostic classification linked to the saturation of the asylum population at the dawn of the 20th century, and the current overflow of the psychiatric healthcare system. The contemporary situation justifies the search for information useful to mitigate ill mental health in at-risk adolescents. The article presents recent research reports on adolescents at-risk of emotional dysregulation, stemming from a longitudinal cohort database of European adolescents. The database analyses have revealed new brain and psychometric predictors of emotional dysregulation in adolescents. New early indicators were derived from easy-to-administer questionnaires, exploring emotions, affective symptoms and traits, sleep, early adversity and stress, puberty. Findings suggest that the physiology and stages of brain development could be taken into account for decisions regarding Mental Health. Studies on adolescent brain development have implications for public health, in terms of the age of protection for adolescents, and targeted prevention upstream of care.
{"title":"New precursors of ill mental health and the “at risk” adolescent brain: Implication for prevention","authors":"Jean-Luc Martinot , Marie-Laure Paillere , Alice V. Chavanne , Eric Artiges","doi":"10.1016/j.amp.2024.09.018","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.amp.2024.09.018","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Precursors are evoked upstream of the Capgras’ syndrome. Then, an analogy is suggested between the need for prognostic classification linked to the saturation of the asylum population at the dawn of the 20th century, and the current overflow of the psychiatric healthcare system. The contemporary situation justifies the search for information useful to mitigate ill mental health in at-risk adolescents. The article presents recent research reports on adolescents at-risk of emotional dysregulation, stemming from a longitudinal cohort database of European adolescents. The database analyses have revealed new brain and psychometric predictors of emotional dysregulation in adolescents. New early indicators were derived from easy-to-administer questionnaires, exploring emotions, affective symptoms and traits, sleep, early adversity and stress, puberty. Findings suggest that the physiology and stages of brain development could be taken into account for decisions regarding Mental Health. Studies on adolescent brain development have implications for public health, in terms of the age of protection for adolescents, and targeted prevention upstream of care.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7992,"journal":{"name":"Annales medico-psychologiques","volume":"182 9","pages":"Pages 885-892"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142659385","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-11-01DOI: 10.1016/j.amp.2024.10.002
Hadyn D. Ellis , Janet Whitley , Jean-Pierre Luauté
{"title":"Traduction de l’lllusion des « sosies » dans un délire systématisé chronique","authors":"Hadyn D. Ellis , Janet Whitley , Jean-Pierre Luauté","doi":"10.1016/j.amp.2024.10.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.amp.2024.10.002","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":7992,"journal":{"name":"Annales medico-psychologiques","volume":"182 9","pages":"Pages 836-852"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142659535","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-11-01DOI: 10.1016/j.amp.2024.09.015
Claire Paquet
La maladie à corps de Lewy (MCL) est la deuxième cause de déclin cognitif d’origine neurodégénérative après la maladie Alzheimer. Elle se caractérise par des symptômes variés (troubles cognitifs, parkinsoniens, fluctuations, etc.) et est souvent mal diagnostiquée en l'absence de biomarqueurs spécifiques. Le syndrome de Capgras, fréquent dans la MCL, est une idée délirante des patients qui sont convaincus qu'un proche est remplacé par un sosie, pouvant entraîner des comportements violents. La gestion de ce syndrome repose sur des indices émotionnels pour reconnecter le patient à la réalité. Mieux comprendre ce syndrome pourrait améliorer les soins et ouvrir la voie à de nouvelles approches thérapeutiques.
Lewy body disease (LBD) is the second leading cause of neurodegenerative cognitive decline after Alzheimer's disease. It is characterized by a variety of symptoms (cognitive impairments, parkinsonism, fluctuations, etc.) and is often misdiagnosed due to the lack of specific biomarkers. Capgras syndrome, common in LBD, is a delusion where the patient believes a familiar person has been replaced by an imposter, which can lead to violent behavior. Managing this syndrome involves using emotional cues to reconnect the patient with reality. A deeper understanding of this syndrome could improve care and lead to new therapeutic approaches.
{"title":"L’illusion des sosies dans une maladie fréquente mais peu connue : la maladie à corps de Lewy","authors":"Claire Paquet","doi":"10.1016/j.amp.2024.09.015","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.amp.2024.09.015","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>La maladie à corps de Lewy (MCL) est la deuxième cause de déclin cognitif d’origine neurodégénérative après la maladie Alzheimer. Elle se caractérise par des symptômes variés (troubles cognitifs, parkinsoniens, fluctuations, etc.) et est souvent mal diagnostiquée en l'absence de biomarqueurs spécifiques. Le syndrome de Capgras, fréquent dans la MCL, est une idée délirante des patients qui sont convaincus qu'un proche est remplacé par un sosie, pouvant entraîner des comportements violents. La gestion de ce syndrome repose sur des indices émotionnels pour reconnecter le patient à la réalité. Mieux comprendre ce syndrome pourrait améliorer les soins et ouvrir la voie à de nouvelles approches thérapeutiques.</div></div><div><div>Lewy body disease (LBD) is the second leading cause of neurodegenerative cognitive decline after Alzheimer's disease. It is characterized by a variety of symptoms (cognitive impairments, parkinsonism, fluctuations, etc.) and is often misdiagnosed due to the lack of specific biomarkers. Capgras syndrome, common in LBD, is a delusion where the patient believes a familiar person has been replaced by an imposter, which can lead to violent behavior. Managing this syndrome involves using emotional cues to reconnect the patient with reality. A deeper understanding of this syndrome could improve care and lead to new therapeutic approaches.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7992,"journal":{"name":"Annales medico-psychologiques","volume":"182 9","pages":"Pages 869-870"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142659542","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
<div><div>Nitrous oxide (N<sub>2</sub>O) was discovered by chance at the end of the 18th century. While working on nitric acid, the English chemist Joseph Priestley forgot a gas he called “nitrous air” for two months in contact with mercury and iron nails. He thus discovered a new gas which supports combustion, but which is fatal for animals. At that time, few instruments existed, and scientists tasted and inhaled their discoveries to study them. Writers were called upon to test Priestley's air and find the most accurate words to describe its extraordinary effects on the human mind. Humphry Davy, a young English chemist, was passionate about nitrous oxide. He synthesized it late in the evening at the Pneumatic Institute and inhaled it regularly, sometimes with other substances, including wine. In his book Researches, Chemical and Philosophical, chiefly concerning Nitrous Oxide and its Respiration, he specified that his health had deteriorated with the repetition of these experiments from April 1799 to June 1800, evoking disorders similar to what we observe today with the recreational use of N<sub>2</sub>O cartridges. This gas will subsequently inspire poets and philosophers and become popular in circuses and fairs, where it was used to entertain crowds. In the 19th century, in France, a first wave of concern about the use of Nitrous oxide appeared following cases of death and madness among users. In the 20th century, recreational use remained scattered until the 1990s. It circulated at this time, mainly on the party and techno scene where it was inhaled from whipped cream siphon cartridges, using balloons, alone or in combination, to enhance the effect of other substances such as ecstasy for example. Its ability to block NMDA receptor activity makes it a product that modifies perceptions and the coherence of thought: an effect similar to that caused by ketamine. Its medical potential first came to light in dentistry. Horace Wells, an American dentist, attended a public “laughing gas” demonstration. A man who had just inhaled it fell and injured his calf. He showed no pain. The dentist then had the idea of testing it on himself by inhaling nitrous oxide and having his assistant pull out a tooth, with success. Then he used it on his patients for pain-free care. In France, it was Apolloni Pierre Préterre who developed the use of nitrous oxide for dental care. In 1866, he filed a patent for his invention, which synthesized and administered N<sub>2</sub>O for anesthetic purposes. He developed a mask that allowed for the inhalation through the mouth and nose: the use of anesthesia was quickly adopted. However, during the Franco-Prussian War in the 1870s and the subsequent great demand for anesthesia, nitrous oxide was abandoned in favor of chloroform, which was easier to use. Today, its place is essential and unique among the therapeutic options against pain. Its action is rapid, with few side effects. The patient does not need to fast and can quickly
{"title":"Deux cents ans d’histoire des usages et mésusages du protoxyde d’azote","authors":"Estelle Cotte Raffour , Laura Durin , Adrien Monard , Rabiha Giagnorio","doi":"10.1016/j.amp.2024.03.006","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.amp.2024.03.006","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Nitrous oxide (N<sub>2</sub>O) was discovered by chance at the end of the 18th century. While working on nitric acid, the English chemist Joseph Priestley forgot a gas he called “nitrous air” for two months in contact with mercury and iron nails. He thus discovered a new gas which supports combustion, but which is fatal for animals. At that time, few instruments existed, and scientists tasted and inhaled their discoveries to study them. Writers were called upon to test Priestley's air and find the most accurate words to describe its extraordinary effects on the human mind. Humphry Davy, a young English chemist, was passionate about nitrous oxide. He synthesized it late in the evening at the Pneumatic Institute and inhaled it regularly, sometimes with other substances, including wine. In his book Researches, Chemical and Philosophical, chiefly concerning Nitrous Oxide and its Respiration, he specified that his health had deteriorated with the repetition of these experiments from April 1799 to June 1800, evoking disorders similar to what we observe today with the recreational use of N<sub>2</sub>O cartridges. This gas will subsequently inspire poets and philosophers and become popular in circuses and fairs, where it was used to entertain crowds. In the 19th century, in France, a first wave of concern about the use of Nitrous oxide appeared following cases of death and madness among users. In the 20th century, recreational use remained scattered until the 1990s. It circulated at this time, mainly on the party and techno scene where it was inhaled from whipped cream siphon cartridges, using balloons, alone or in combination, to enhance the effect of other substances such as ecstasy for example. Its ability to block NMDA receptor activity makes it a product that modifies perceptions and the coherence of thought: an effect similar to that caused by ketamine. Its medical potential first came to light in dentistry. Horace Wells, an American dentist, attended a public “laughing gas” demonstration. A man who had just inhaled it fell and injured his calf. He showed no pain. The dentist then had the idea of testing it on himself by inhaling nitrous oxide and having his assistant pull out a tooth, with success. Then he used it on his patients for pain-free care. In France, it was Apolloni Pierre Préterre who developed the use of nitrous oxide for dental care. In 1866, he filed a patent for his invention, which synthesized and administered N<sub>2</sub>O for anesthetic purposes. He developed a mask that allowed for the inhalation through the mouth and nose: the use of anesthesia was quickly adopted. However, during the Franco-Prussian War in the 1870s and the subsequent great demand for anesthesia, nitrous oxide was abandoned in favor of chloroform, which was easier to use. Today, its place is essential and unique among the therapeutic options against pain. Its action is rapid, with few side effects. The patient does not need to fast and can quickly ","PeriodicalId":7992,"journal":{"name":"Annales medico-psychologiques","volume":"182 9","pages":"Pages 814-822"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140774747","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-11-01DOI: 10.1016/j.amp.2024.05.014
Federico Seragnoli , Gabriel Thorens , Louise Penzenstadler , Leonice Furtado , Albert Buchard , Silke Bachmann , Radu Iuga , Eugénie Khatcherian , Adam Nowotarski , Michel Sabe , Hélène Richard-Lepouriel , Alban Glangetas , Léa Girani , Raya Anastasova , Alexis Girardet , Ray Yang , Léo Lécureux , Sylvie Alaux , Cedric Mabilais , Caroline Amberger , Daniele Zullino
<div><h3>Background</h3><div>In this article, we aim to describe an interdisciplinary model for psychedelic assisted psychotherapy (PAP) that we have developed at the Geneva University Hospitals, in an institutional setting. Our model integrates the collaborative efforts of psychiatrists, psychologists, and nurses establishing a structured framework for administering PAP in a safe, controlled, and standardized manner.</div></div><div><h3>Introduction</h3><div>Psychedelic assisted psychotherapy (PAP) is a psychotherapeutic approach that utilizes the profound alteration of the state of consciousness induced by psychedelic substances to enhance therapeutic outcomes. This innovative approach, which has been neglected due to historical biases rather than empirical evidence, is now experiencing a renewed interest among clinicians. Contemporary research, equipped with advanced methodologies and a rigorous scientific approach, is showing significant therapeutic potential for a range of mental health disorders. In Switzerland, the legal framework authorizes the medicinal use since 2014 for exceptional authorizations for the medicinal use of LSD and psilocybin for therapeutic purposes, under strict regulations.</div></div><div><h3>Method</h3><div>We provide a comprehensive description of the PAP protocol implemented at the Geneva University Hospitals, beginning with its inception in September 2020. Our methodological outline includes the administrative and clinical selection criteria for patient eligibility; the preparatory sessions designed to introduce the patients with psychoeducation interventions and the analysis of intention and therapeutical objectives; the controlled administration of psychedelics in a supportive environment; and the integration sessions that follow psychedelic experiences. Our protocol emphasizes safety, ethical considerations, and the importance of a supportive therapeutic relationship throughout the process. We also describe questionnaires we use to qualify and assess the alteration in the state of consciousness, namely The Five Dimension Altered States of Consciousness (5AD-ASC) and the Mystical Experience Questionnaire (MEQ). Since the start of the program in September 2020 and up to February 2024, a total of 224 personal authorizations (114 LSD, 110 Psilocybin) have been issued to the Geneva University Hospital PAP team, for a total of 396 individual sessions.</div></div><div><h3>Discussion</h3><div>The core argument presented in this article is that the psychedelic-induced alteration of consciousness is a novel therapeutic tool, which works as a potent catalyst that can be synergistically combined with traditional dialogue-based psychotherapy. This combination has the potential to support the psychotherapeutic processes and enable breakthroughs in cases where conventional therapy has reached its limits. We discuss the implications of this approach, reflecting on both its challenges and its transformative potential within its
背景本文旨在介绍一种跨学科的迷幻药辅助心理治疗（PAP）模式，该模式是我们在日内瓦大学医院的一个机构环境中开发的。我们的模式整合了精神科医生、心理学家和护士的协作努力，为以安全、可控和标准化的方式实施迷幻辅助心理疗法建立了一个结构化框架。 导言：迷幻辅助心理疗法（PAP）是一种心理治疗方法，它利用迷幻药引起的意识状态的深刻改变来提高治疗效果。由于历史偏见而非经验证据，这种创新方法一直被忽视，但现在临床医生对它重新产生了兴趣。当代研究采用先进的方法和严谨的科学手段，对一系列精神疾病显示出巨大的治疗潜力。在瑞士，法律框架自 2014 年起授权将迷幻剂和迷幻药作为特殊药物用于治疗目的，并有严格的规定。我们的方法概述包括：患者资格的行政和临床选择标准；旨在向患者介绍心理教育干预措施、分析意图和治疗目标的准备环节；在支持性环境中控制性施用迷幻剂；以及迷幻体验后的整合环节。我们的方案强调安全、伦理考虑以及整个过程中支持性治疗关系的重要性。我们还介绍了用于鉴定和评估意识状态改变的问卷，即五维意识状态改变问卷（5AD-ASC）和神秘体验问卷（MEQ）。自 2020 年 9 月项目启动至 2024 年 2 月，日内瓦大学医院 PAP 团队共获得 224 项个人授权（114 项迷幻剂授权，110 项迷幻药授权），共进行了 396 次个人治疗。讨论本文提出的核心论点是，迷幻剂引起的意识改变是一种新型治疗工具，它是一种有效的催化剂，可以与传统的对话式心理疗法协同结合。这种结合有可能支持心理治疗过程，并在传统疗法已达到极限的情况下实现突破。我们讨论了这种方法的意义，反思了它在临床应用中面临的挑战和变革潜力。 结论我们文章的结论是对继续开展 PAP 基础和临床研究的支持。通过介绍 PAP 过程的详细框架，包括其准备阶段、体验阶段和综合阶段，我们主张对其治疗效果进行有条理、有科学依据的探索。我们的结论呼吁在临床实践中更广泛地接受和整合 PAP，但前提是持续的研究、道德实践和机构支持。
{"title":"Psychothérapie assistée par psychédéliques (PAP) : le modèle genevois","authors":"Federico Seragnoli , Gabriel Thorens , Louise Penzenstadler , Leonice Furtado , Albert Buchard , Silke Bachmann , Radu Iuga , Eugénie Khatcherian , Adam Nowotarski , Michel Sabe , Hélène Richard-Lepouriel , Alban Glangetas , Léa Girani , Raya Anastasova , Alexis Girardet , Ray Yang , Léo Lécureux , Sylvie Alaux , Cedric Mabilais , Caroline Amberger , Daniele Zullino","doi":"10.1016/j.amp.2024.05.014","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.amp.2024.05.014","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>In this article, we aim to describe an interdisciplinary model for psychedelic assisted psychotherapy (PAP) that we have developed at the Geneva University Hospitals, in an institutional setting. Our model integrates the collaborative efforts of psychiatrists, psychologists, and nurses establishing a structured framework for administering PAP in a safe, controlled, and standardized manner.</div></div><div><h3>Introduction</h3><div>Psychedelic assisted psychotherapy (PAP) is a psychotherapeutic approach that utilizes the profound alteration of the state of consciousness induced by psychedelic substances to enhance therapeutic outcomes. This innovative approach, which has been neglected due to historical biases rather than empirical evidence, is now experiencing a renewed interest among clinicians. Contemporary research, equipped with advanced methodologies and a rigorous scientific approach, is showing significant therapeutic potential for a range of mental health disorders. In Switzerland, the legal framework authorizes the medicinal use since 2014 for exceptional authorizations for the medicinal use of LSD and psilocybin for therapeutic purposes, under strict regulations.</div></div><div><h3>Method</h3><div>We provide a comprehensive description of the PAP protocol implemented at the Geneva University Hospitals, beginning with its inception in September 2020. Our methodological outline includes the administrative and clinical selection criteria for patient eligibility; the preparatory sessions designed to introduce the patients with psychoeducation interventions and the analysis of intention and therapeutical objectives; the controlled administration of psychedelics in a supportive environment; and the integration sessions that follow psychedelic experiences. Our protocol emphasizes safety, ethical considerations, and the importance of a supportive therapeutic relationship throughout the process. We also describe questionnaires we use to qualify and assess the alteration in the state of consciousness, namely The Five Dimension Altered States of Consciousness (5AD-ASC) and the Mystical Experience Questionnaire (MEQ). Since the start of the program in September 2020 and up to February 2024, a total of 224 personal authorizations (114 LSD, 110 Psilocybin) have been issued to the Geneva University Hospital PAP team, for a total of 396 individual sessions.</div></div><div><h3>Discussion</h3><div>The core argument presented in this article is that the psychedelic-induced alteration of consciousness is a novel therapeutic tool, which works as a potent catalyst that can be synergistically combined with traditional dialogue-based psychotherapy. This combination has the potential to support the psychotherapeutic processes and enable breakthroughs in cases where conventional therapy has reached its limits. We discuss the implications of this approach, reflecting on both its challenges and its transformative potential within its","PeriodicalId":7992,"journal":{"name":"Annales medico-psychologiques","volume":"182 9","pages":"Pages 806-813"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141692286","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-11-01DOI: 10.1016/j.amp.2024.05.015
Andrew W. Young
Research on the Capgras delusion has often involved different strands that have tended to focus on underlying neurological or psychological factors. Both approaches are necessary to a full understanding. From a psychological perspective, the Capgras delusion has been thought to be created by an unfortunate interaction of problems at different levels. The first level involves anomalous perceptual experience in the form of a loss of preparatory emotional responses that causes things to seem strange, unfamiliar and even somewhat unreal. The second level involves a constellation of factors that lead to an incorrect interpretation of this anomalous experience. Hence the delusion has been considered to represent patients’ attempts to make sense of their anomalous perceptual experience. There is a reasonable fit between this psychological account of the Capgras delusion and the neurological findings.
{"title":"Capgras delusion from 1923 to the present: A psychological point of view","authors":"Andrew W. Young","doi":"10.1016/j.amp.2024.05.015","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.amp.2024.05.015","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Research on the Capgras delusion has often involved different strands that have tended to focus on underlying neurological or psychological factors. Both approaches are necessary to a full understanding. From a psychological perspective, the Capgras delusion has been thought to be created by an unfortunate interaction of problems at different levels. The first level involves anomalous perceptual experience in the form of a loss of preparatory emotional responses that causes things to seem strange, unfamiliar and even somewhat unreal. The second level involves a constellation of factors that lead to an incorrect interpretation of this anomalous experience. Hence the delusion has been considered to represent patients’ attempts to make sense of their anomalous perceptual experience. There is a reasonable fit between this psychological account of the Capgras delusion and the neurological findings.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7992,"journal":{"name":"Annales medico-psychologiques","volume":"182 9","pages":"Pages 876-881"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141846309","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-11-01DOI: 10.1016/j.amp.2024.08.013
Karel de Pauw
The first clinical case report of the Capgras Delusion in the British literature appeared in 1933, a decade after the seminal article by Capgras and Reboul-Lachaux. The author endeavoured to explain it psychodynamically on the basis of Freud's theory of infantile sexual development, arguing that it was due to a mental mechanism peculiar to women. Despite often ill founded and convoluted, psychodynamic formulations held sway for several decades until cases occurring in toxic-metabolic and structural brain disorders were described. However, by the 1990's it was recognised that the presence of brain dysfunction did not in itself explain the delusion. What was needed in addition was an appropriate cognitive theory of the mechanisms underlying the delusion. The advent of cognitive neuropsychiatry, pioneered by the late Hadyn Ellis, provided a framework for a more systematic and predictive approach to our understanding of delusional misidentification.
{"title":"The Capgras delusion in the United Kingdom. From 1933 to the present: A clinical theoretical review","authors":"Karel de Pauw","doi":"10.1016/j.amp.2024.08.013","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.amp.2024.08.013","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The first clinical case report of the Capgras Delusion in the British literature appeared in 1933, a decade after the seminal article by Capgras and Reboul-Lachaux. The author endeavoured to explain it psychodynamically on the basis of Freud's theory of infantile sexual development, arguing that it was due to a mental mechanism peculiar to women. Despite often ill founded and convoluted, psychodynamic formulations held sway for several decades until cases occurring in toxic-metabolic and structural brain disorders were described. However, by the 1990's it was recognised that the presence of brain dysfunction did not in itself explain the delusion. What was needed in addition was an appropriate cognitive theory of the mechanisms underlying the delusion. The advent of cognitive neuropsychiatry, pioneered by the late Hadyn Ellis, provided a framework for a more systematic and predictive approach to our understanding of delusional misidentification.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7992,"journal":{"name":"Annales medico-psychologiques","volume":"182 9","pages":"Pages 871-875"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142659383","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-11-01DOI: 10.1016/j.amp.2023.08.004
Emine Fusun Akyuz Cim , Halis Suleyman
<div><h3>Aim</h3><div><span>Clozapine is an atypical antipsychotic (AAP) drug used in treatment-resistant schizophrenia patients. The adverse effects of clozapine<span> on the heart may result in death and require drug discontinuation. Inflammatory mechanisms are thought to be responsible for the negative effect of clozapine on the heart. This suggests that using an agent with anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties, which may be specific to clozapine-induced heart damage, may prevent possible damage. The aim of our study is to evaluate the effect of taxifolin (</span></span><em>3</em>,<em>5</em>,<em>7</em>,<em>3</em>’,<em>4’-pentahydroxy</em> flavanone), an agent with known antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects, on myocardial damage caused by clozapine with biochemical and histopathological data.</div></div><div><h3>Material and method</h3><div>The rats were divided into three equal groups: healthy control group (HC), clozapine-treated group (CLN), and taxifolin<!--> <!-->+<!--> <!-->clozapine-treated group (TCL). To perform this experiment, taxifolin was administered to TCL (n-6) rats at a dose of 50<!--> <!-->mg/kg orally by gavage into the stomach. In the HC (n-6) and CLN (n-6) groups, the same volume of distilled water was administered orally as a solvent. One hour after the administration of taxifolin and distilled water, clozapine was administered orally at a dose of 20<!--> <!-->mg/kg to the TCL and CLN groups once a day for 28 days. At the end of the period, troponin I (TP I) and creatine kinase MB (CK-MB) levels were measured in the venous blood of each group. Malondialdehyde (MDA), total glutathione (tGSH), TNF-α, NF-<figure><img></figure>B, and IL-1β levels were measured in samples taken from heart tissues. Additionally, heart tissues were evaluated histopathologically.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Troponin I, CK-MB, MDA, TNF-α, NF-<figure><img></figure>B, and IL-1β levels, myocardial degeneration, myofiber irregularity, and congestion scores were significantly higher and tGSH levels were lower in the clozapine group than in the healthy control and taxifolin<!--> <!-->+<!--> <!-->clozapine groups (<em>P</em> <!--><<!--> <!-->0.05). Compared with the healthy control group, troponin I, tGSH, and NF-KB levels were similar (<em>P</em> <!-->><!--> <!-->0.05), CK-MB, MDA, TNF-α, and IL-1β levels were higher in the taxifolin<!--> <!-->+<!--> <!-->clozapine group, while they were significantly lower than the clozapine group (<em>P</em> <!--><<!--> <!-->0.05). Histopathologically evaluated myocardial degeneration, myofiber irregularity, and congestion score were significantly lower in the taxifolin<!--> <!-->+<!--> <!-->clozapine group than in the clozapine group. In the clozapine group (CLN group), myofibers were found to have irregular patterns and were observed as irregular. In the taxifolin<!--> <!-->+<!--> <!-->clozapine group (TLC group), myofibrils generally showed a regular morphology.</div></div><div><h3>Conc
{"title":"Effect of taxifolin on clozapine-induced experimental oxidative and inflammatory heart damage in rats","authors":"Emine Fusun Akyuz Cim , Halis Suleyman","doi":"10.1016/j.amp.2023.08.004","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.amp.2023.08.004","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Aim</h3><div><span>Clozapine is an atypical antipsychotic (AAP) drug used in treatment-resistant schizophrenia patients. The adverse effects of clozapine<span> on the heart may result in death and require drug discontinuation. Inflammatory mechanisms are thought to be responsible for the negative effect of clozapine on the heart. This suggests that using an agent with anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties, which may be specific to clozapine-induced heart damage, may prevent possible damage. The aim of our study is to evaluate the effect of taxifolin (</span></span><em>3</em>,<em>5</em>,<em>7</em>,<em>3</em>’,<em>4’-pentahydroxy</em> flavanone), an agent with known antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects, on myocardial damage caused by clozapine with biochemical and histopathological data.</div></div><div><h3>Material and method</h3><div>The rats were divided into three equal groups: healthy control group (HC), clozapine-treated group (CLN), and taxifolin<!--> <!-->+<!--> <!-->clozapine-treated group (TCL). To perform this experiment, taxifolin was administered to TCL (n-6) rats at a dose of 50<!--> <!-->mg/kg orally by gavage into the stomach. In the HC (n-6) and CLN (n-6) groups, the same volume of distilled water was administered orally as a solvent. One hour after the administration of taxifolin and distilled water, clozapine was administered orally at a dose of 20<!--> <!-->mg/kg to the TCL and CLN groups once a day for 28 days. At the end of the period, troponin I (TP I) and creatine kinase MB (CK-MB) levels were measured in the venous blood of each group. Malondialdehyde (MDA), total glutathione (tGSH), TNF-α, NF-<figure><img></figure>B, and IL-1β levels were measured in samples taken from heart tissues. Additionally, heart tissues were evaluated histopathologically.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Troponin I, CK-MB, MDA, TNF-α, NF-<figure><img></figure>B, and IL-1β levels, myocardial degeneration, myofiber irregularity, and congestion scores were significantly higher and tGSH levels were lower in the clozapine group than in the healthy control and taxifolin<!--> <!-->+<!--> <!-->clozapine groups (<em>P</em> <!--><<!--> <!-->0.05). Compared with the healthy control group, troponin I, tGSH, and NF-KB levels were similar (<em>P</em> <!-->><!--> <!-->0.05), CK-MB, MDA, TNF-α, and IL-1β levels were higher in the taxifolin<!--> <!-->+<!--> <!-->clozapine group, while they were significantly lower than the clozapine group (<em>P</em> <!--><<!--> <!-->0.05). Histopathologically evaluated myocardial degeneration, myofiber irregularity, and congestion score were significantly lower in the taxifolin<!--> <!-->+<!--> <!-->clozapine group than in the clozapine group. In the clozapine group (CLN group), myofibers were found to have irregular patterns and were observed as irregular. In the taxifolin<!--> <!-->+<!--> <!-->clozapine group (TLC group), myofibrils generally showed a regular morphology.</div></div><div><h3>Conc","PeriodicalId":7992,"journal":{"name":"Annales medico-psychologiques","volume":"182 9","pages":"Pages 823-829"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84692535","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-11-01DOI: 10.1016/j.amp.2024.03.013
Louison Ramuz , Fabrice Berna , Christian Bonah , Anne Danion-Grilliat , Jack R. Foucher , Julie M.E. Clauss-Kobayashi
<div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>The development of the concept of schizophrenia by Eugen Bleuler at the beginning of the 20th century has been the focus of numerous historical studies. Many of these studies are part of the history of ideas: they examine in particular the relationship between the newly developed concept of schizophrenia and other existing concepts, above all that of dementia praecox founded by Emil Kraepelin. Other studies relate to social history: they analyze the emergence of schizophrenia as gender-related or as a phenomenon influenced by political or economic factors. However, whether they consider schizophrenia as a scientific or as a social object, none of these studies provide a clinical description corresponding to everyday practice in psychiatric institutions at the level of the inpatient population. Studies on the history of ideas are based on clinical descriptions from psychiatric textbooks or scientific articles, and are therefore far from everyday practice. The discrepancy between science-in-the-making and published science has already been widely described. Social history studies are based on clinical descriptions from medical archives, but these only concern the situation of a single patient or a small number of patients. Moreover, they exclusively focus on the social situation of patients and not on everyday medical practice, such as diagnosing patients. The aim of this study is to describe the clinical features associated with the diagnosis of schizophrenia at the Strasbourg University Clinic of Psychiatry at the time of its introduction into clinical practices (1929–1931). We have attempted to identify those that led the psychiatrists of this institution to diagnose schizophrenia in everyday clinical practice.</div></div><div><h3>Materials and methods</h3><div>As the diagnosis of schizophrenia was not routinely given until 1928 at the Strasbourg University Clinic of Psychiatry, the study period was delimited from 1929 to 1931. We have stretched the study period to three years in order to avoid a selection bias due to a too short time frame. The study was based on a sample of 150 hospitalizations. This sample was randomly selected from the total of 401 hospitalizations with a diagnosis of schizophrenia identified during the period 1929–1931. The existence of another diagnosis (in addition to schizophrenia) was an exclusion criteria as we considered that this could alter the description of symptoms reported in the patient's medical files. The data were collected from patient's medical files and more specifically from the medical observations they include. We did not take into account other documents from patient's medical files (such as medical letters or medical certificates) because they were either not clinically informative or were too rarely available. Data analysis was mixed, initially qualitative and then quantitative. In the qualitative analysis, a questionnaire was developed from the medical observations of t
{"title":"Caractéristiques cliniques associées au diagnostic de schizophrénie à la Clinique Psychiatrique Universitaire de Strasbourg (1929–1931)","authors":"Louison Ramuz , Fabrice Berna , Christian Bonah , Anne Danion-Grilliat , Jack R. Foucher , Julie M.E. Clauss-Kobayashi","doi":"10.1016/j.amp.2024.03.013","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.amp.2024.03.013","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>The development of the concept of schizophrenia by Eugen Bleuler at the beginning of the 20th century has been the focus of numerous historical studies. Many of these studies are part of the history of ideas: they examine in particular the relationship between the newly developed concept of schizophrenia and other existing concepts, above all that of dementia praecox founded by Emil Kraepelin. Other studies relate to social history: they analyze the emergence of schizophrenia as gender-related or as a phenomenon influenced by political or economic factors. However, whether they consider schizophrenia as a scientific or as a social object, none of these studies provide a clinical description corresponding to everyday practice in psychiatric institutions at the level of the inpatient population. Studies on the history of ideas are based on clinical descriptions from psychiatric textbooks or scientific articles, and are therefore far from everyday practice. The discrepancy between science-in-the-making and published science has already been widely described. Social history studies are based on clinical descriptions from medical archives, but these only concern the situation of a single patient or a small number of patients. Moreover, they exclusively focus on the social situation of patients and not on everyday medical practice, such as diagnosing patients. The aim of this study is to describe the clinical features associated with the diagnosis of schizophrenia at the Strasbourg University Clinic of Psychiatry at the time of its introduction into clinical practices (1929–1931). We have attempted to identify those that led the psychiatrists of this institution to diagnose schizophrenia in everyday clinical practice.</div></div><div><h3>Materials and methods</h3><div>As the diagnosis of schizophrenia was not routinely given until 1928 at the Strasbourg University Clinic of Psychiatry, the study period was delimited from 1929 to 1931. We have stretched the study period to three years in order to avoid a selection bias due to a too short time frame. The study was based on a sample of 150 hospitalizations. This sample was randomly selected from the total of 401 hospitalizations with a diagnosis of schizophrenia identified during the period 1929–1931. The existence of another diagnosis (in addition to schizophrenia) was an exclusion criteria as we considered that this could alter the description of symptoms reported in the patient's medical files. The data were collected from patient's medical files and more specifically from the medical observations they include. We did not take into account other documents from patient's medical files (such as medical letters or medical certificates) because they were either not clinically informative or were too rarely available. Data analysis was mixed, initially qualitative and then quantitative. In the qualitative analysis, a questionnaire was developed from the medical observations of t","PeriodicalId":7992,"journal":{"name":"Annales medico-psychologiques","volume":"182 9","pages":"Pages 791-798"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141280763","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：
京公网安备 11010802042870号