Pub Date : 2026-02-01DOI: 10.1016/j.amp.2025.12.003
Valentine Rattaz , Nicolas Favez , Nilo Puglisi , Sarah Cairo Notari , Hervé Tissot
<div><h3>Introduction</h3><div>Romantic attachment is known to be associated with the individual's psychic functioning and psychopathology. Romantic attachment is underpinned by two dimensions: anxiety and avoidance. Anxiety is related to the fear of being abandoned or rejected by the partner, whereas avoidance is related to the avoidance of intimacy and dependency in relationships. Insecure attachment is characterized by high levels of anxiety or avoidance, whereas secure attachment is characterized by low levels on these two dimensions. Romantic attachment tendencies will guide the individuals’ behaviors in close relationships, especially the couple relationship, and insecure attachment tendencies are likely to cause difficulties in these relationships. The Experience in Close Relationships Revised (ECR-R) is a 36-item questionnaire widely used to assess the two dimensions of romantic attachment. However, the length of the ECR-R is often mentioned as a limitation for its use and shorter versions are therefore needed. Short versions of the ECR-R have been developed in various languages, but there is currently no short version in French.</div></div><div><h3>Objective</h3><div>The aim of the present study is to propose a short version of the ECR-R in French, the ECR-R-16F. This study details the item selection process and evaluates the psychometric properties of the ECR-R-16F in two independent samples.</div></div><div><h3>Method</h3><div>The validation of the ECR-R-16F has been conducted in two studies. In the first study, 16 items, 8 items per dimension (anxiety and avoidance), have been selected for the short version. The item selection was conducted based on the face validity of items, in order to ensure a representation of each of the main aspects of anxiety and avoidance attachment tendencies and to avoid redundancy among items. The psychometric properties have then been tested in a sample of 600 participants (300 women and 300 men). In the second study, the psychometric properties have been tested in a second sample of 174 participants (89 women and 85 men). Measurement invariance analyses regarding the respondent gender have been conducted to ensure that the scale can be used similarly in men and women. Finally, correlational analyses between the scores on the anxiety and avoidance dimensions and relationship satisfaction have been conducted to ensure the construct validity of the scale.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>In both samples, confirmatory factorial analyses have shown that the ECR-R-16F is a valid tool to assess anxiety and avoidance dimensions of romantic attachment and has good psychometric properties. The analyses confirmed the two-factor structure of the questionnaire and showed a good reliability for both dimensions. Measurement invariance analyses have been conducted in the second sample and the metric invariance was achieved, showing an invariance of factor structure and item saturation according to respondent gender.
{"title":"Validation de l’ECR-R-16F : version française courte de l’Experience in Close Relationships Revised (ECR-R)","authors":"Valentine Rattaz , Nicolas Favez , Nilo Puglisi , Sarah Cairo Notari , Hervé Tissot","doi":"10.1016/j.amp.2025.12.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.amp.2025.12.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><div>Romantic attachment is known to be associated with the individual's psychic functioning and psychopathology. Romantic attachment is underpinned by two dimensions: anxiety and avoidance. Anxiety is related to the fear of being abandoned or rejected by the partner, whereas avoidance is related to the avoidance of intimacy and dependency in relationships. Insecure attachment is characterized by high levels of anxiety or avoidance, whereas secure attachment is characterized by low levels on these two dimensions. Romantic attachment tendencies will guide the individuals’ behaviors in close relationships, especially the couple relationship, and insecure attachment tendencies are likely to cause difficulties in these relationships. The Experience in Close Relationships Revised (ECR-R) is a 36-item questionnaire widely used to assess the two dimensions of romantic attachment. However, the length of the ECR-R is often mentioned as a limitation for its use and shorter versions are therefore needed. Short versions of the ECR-R have been developed in various languages, but there is currently no short version in French.</div></div><div><h3>Objective</h3><div>The aim of the present study is to propose a short version of the ECR-R in French, the ECR-R-16F. This study details the item selection process and evaluates the psychometric properties of the ECR-R-16F in two independent samples.</div></div><div><h3>Method</h3><div>The validation of the ECR-R-16F has been conducted in two studies. In the first study, 16 items, 8 items per dimension (anxiety and avoidance), have been selected for the short version. The item selection was conducted based on the face validity of items, in order to ensure a representation of each of the main aspects of anxiety and avoidance attachment tendencies and to avoid redundancy among items. The psychometric properties have then been tested in a sample of 600 participants (300 women and 300 men). In the second study, the psychometric properties have been tested in a second sample of 174 participants (89 women and 85 men). Measurement invariance analyses regarding the respondent gender have been conducted to ensure that the scale can be used similarly in men and women. Finally, correlational analyses between the scores on the anxiety and avoidance dimensions and relationship satisfaction have been conducted to ensure the construct validity of the scale.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>In both samples, confirmatory factorial analyses have shown that the ECR-R-16F is a valid tool to assess anxiety and avoidance dimensions of romantic attachment and has good psychometric properties. The analyses confirmed the two-factor structure of the questionnaire and showed a good reliability for both dimensions. Measurement invariance analyses have been conducted in the second sample and the metric invariance was achieved, showing an invariance of factor structure and item saturation according to respondent gender.","PeriodicalId":7992,"journal":{"name":"Annales medico-psychologiques","volume":"184 2","pages":"Pages 154-159"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146122724","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-01DOI: 10.1016/j.amp.2024.12.009
Kevin-Marc Valery , Manon Laumier , Julien Bonilla-Guerrero , Meryl Caiada , Jean-Marc Destaillats , Simon Felix , Thomas Fournier , Sarah Guionnet , Emma Tison , Louis Violeau , Antoinette Prouteau
<div><h3>Context</h3><div>Many adolescents report experiencing psychological distress, yet only a small percentage seek professional help. This discrepancy has significant implications, as delayed help-seeking can exacerbate issues such as social exclusion, academic struggles, and risky behaviors.</div></div><div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>The study aimed to: (1) Identify factors influencing professional help-seeking behaviors among adolescents with psychological distress; (2) Evaluate the perceived importance of these factors from adolescents’ perspectives. (3) Determine socio-demographic predictors of barriers to help-seeking.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>This mixed-method study was conducted in two stages. In the first phase, participatory qualitative workshops were held with adolescents to generate a list of factors influencing help-seeking behaviors. These factors were then integrated into a quantitative survey disseminated among 210 high school students from a private urban school. The survey included: (1) A rating scale for the influence of 13 identified factors (e.g., parental support, societal judgment, autonomy needs); (2) Socio-demographic questions to identify potential predictors of obstacles to seeking help. The analysis employed descriptive statistics and linear regression to explore patterns and predictors.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The study identified 13 factors influencing help-seeking behaviors, such as: (1) Social and relational factors: Parental support, peer support, and confidentiality were the strongest encouraging factors. For example, 98% of participants reported parental support as a motivator for seeking professional help. (2) Mental health knowledge and attitudes: Knowledge of mental health and perceived utility of care were moderate motivators, though stigma and lack of confidence in health services remained barriers for some. (3) Individual psychological factors: Autonomy, self-esteem, and past experiences with mental health care presented mixed results, often acting as barriers. Socio-demographic predictors, such as gender, age, and proximity to mental health professionals, did not significantly correlate with barriers to help-seeking.</div></div><div><h3>Discussion</h3><div>The findings align with existing literature, emphasizing the importance of stigma, social support, and mental health literacy. Interventions should focus on: (1) Reducing stigma and promoting mental health literacy.; (2) Enhancing adolescents’ autonomy and self-esteem; (3) Ensuring confidentiality in professional settings.</div></div><div><h3>Limitations</h3><div>The sample was drawn from a private urban school, potentially limiting generalizability. Future research should explore diverse populations and employ implicit measures to minimize social desirability bias.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>This study underscores the complexity of help-seeking behaviors in adolescents, highlighting actionable factors to guide int
{"title":"Facteurs influençant le recours aux soignants chez l’adolescent en détresse psychique : une étude participative en méthode mixte","authors":"Kevin-Marc Valery , Manon Laumier , Julien Bonilla-Guerrero , Meryl Caiada , Jean-Marc Destaillats , Simon Felix , Thomas Fournier , Sarah Guionnet , Emma Tison , Louis Violeau , Antoinette Prouteau","doi":"10.1016/j.amp.2024.12.009","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.amp.2024.12.009","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Context</h3><div>Many adolescents report experiencing psychological distress, yet only a small percentage seek professional help. This discrepancy has significant implications, as delayed help-seeking can exacerbate issues such as social exclusion, academic struggles, and risky behaviors.</div></div><div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>The study aimed to: (1) Identify factors influencing professional help-seeking behaviors among adolescents with psychological distress; (2) Evaluate the perceived importance of these factors from adolescents’ perspectives. (3) Determine socio-demographic predictors of barriers to help-seeking.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>This mixed-method study was conducted in two stages. In the first phase, participatory qualitative workshops were held with adolescents to generate a list of factors influencing help-seeking behaviors. These factors were then integrated into a quantitative survey disseminated among 210 high school students from a private urban school. The survey included: (1) A rating scale for the influence of 13 identified factors (e.g., parental support, societal judgment, autonomy needs); (2) Socio-demographic questions to identify potential predictors of obstacles to seeking help. The analysis employed descriptive statistics and linear regression to explore patterns and predictors.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The study identified 13 factors influencing help-seeking behaviors, such as: (1) Social and relational factors: Parental support, peer support, and confidentiality were the strongest encouraging factors. For example, 98% of participants reported parental support as a motivator for seeking professional help. (2) Mental health knowledge and attitudes: Knowledge of mental health and perceived utility of care were moderate motivators, though stigma and lack of confidence in health services remained barriers for some. (3) Individual psychological factors: Autonomy, self-esteem, and past experiences with mental health care presented mixed results, often acting as barriers. Socio-demographic predictors, such as gender, age, and proximity to mental health professionals, did not significantly correlate with barriers to help-seeking.</div></div><div><h3>Discussion</h3><div>The findings align with existing literature, emphasizing the importance of stigma, social support, and mental health literacy. Interventions should focus on: (1) Reducing stigma and promoting mental health literacy.; (2) Enhancing adolescents’ autonomy and self-esteem; (3) Ensuring confidentiality in professional settings.</div></div><div><h3>Limitations</h3><div>The sample was drawn from a private urban school, potentially limiting generalizability. Future research should explore diverse populations and employ implicit measures to minimize social desirability bias.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>This study underscores the complexity of help-seeking behaviors in adolescents, highlighting actionable factors to guide int","PeriodicalId":7992,"journal":{"name":"Annales medico-psychologiques","volume":"184 1","pages":"Pages 4-9"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145996432","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-01DOI: 10.1016/j.amp.2025.10.001
Marion Hendrickx , Emmanuel Drouin
Georges Surbled (1855–1913), physician, remains largely forgotten today, despite developing the concept of the “sous-moi”, a concept that could have enriched Freudian theory in suggesting a more fluid and less conflictual relationship between conscious and unconscious processes. In this article, we define the surbled underego in the light of Freud's theories. In the 1920s, Freud (1856–1939) began by demonstrating that the first model of dividing the psyche into unconscious, preconscious, and conscious (first topic) was no longer sufficient to account for psychic functioning. As a result, he introduced the second topic: a new division of the psyche into three instances, the ego (le moi), the id (le ça) and the underego (sur-moi). At the same time, Georges Surbled (1855–1913), a French physician, was developing his own theory. According to Surbled, the clear-cut division between conscious and subconscious in this topic was not acceptable because, as he states, nature does not make a leap nor hiatus. Thus, between full consciousness and subconsciousness, there are many degrees, imperceptible transitions that must be quantified. Surbled remains largely forgotten today, despite developing the concept of the “sous-moi”, a concept that could have enriched Freudian theory in suggesting a more fluid and less conflictual relationship between conscious and unconscious processes. The objective of this article is to explore the theories of Freud and Surbled, in order to compare them, and analyse their development. It appears to us that the concept of the “underego” offers valuable insights for the contemporary psychoanalyst, in particular casting light on relational model theories that emphasize the fluid boundaries of the life of the psyche. Freud sometimes cites Surbled's works, but it is likely that he only became aware of this underego (described by Surbled) at the end of his life. It lays the groundwork for a future exploration of the concept of the “sous-moi” (underego) from a Freudian perspective, using Surbled's work and modern developments.
{"title":"Ego (moi) and Underego (sous-moi): Freud versus Surbled","authors":"Marion Hendrickx , Emmanuel Drouin","doi":"10.1016/j.amp.2025.10.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.amp.2025.10.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Georges Surbled (1855–1913), physician, remains largely forgotten today, despite developing the concept of the “sous-moi”, a concept that could have enriched Freudian theory in suggesting a more fluid and less conflictual relationship between conscious and unconscious processes. In this article, we define the surbled underego in the light of Freud's theories. In the 1920s, Freud (1856–1939) began by demonstrating that the first model of dividing the psyche into unconscious, preconscious, and conscious (first topic) was no longer sufficient to account for psychic functioning. As a result, he introduced the second topic: a new division of the psyche into three instances, the ego (le moi), the id (le ça) and the underego (sur-moi). At the same time, Georges Surbled (1855–1913), a French physician, was developing his own theory. According to Surbled, the clear-cut division between conscious and subconscious in this topic was not acceptable because, as he states, nature does not make a leap nor hiatus. Thus, between full consciousness and subconsciousness, there are many degrees, imperceptible transitions that must be quantified. Surbled remains largely forgotten today, despite developing the concept of the “sous-moi”, a concept that could have enriched Freudian theory in suggesting a more fluid and less conflictual relationship between conscious and unconscious processes. The objective of this article is to explore the theories of Freud and Surbled, in order to compare them, and analyse their development. It appears to us that the concept of the “underego” offers valuable insights for the contemporary psychoanalyst, in particular casting light on relational model theories that emphasize the fluid boundaries of the life of the psyche. Freud sometimes cites Surbled's works, but it is likely that he only became aware of this underego (described by Surbled) at the end of his life. It lays the groundwork for a future exploration of the concept of the “sous-moi” (underego) from a Freudian perspective, using Surbled's work and modern developments.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7992,"journal":{"name":"Annales medico-psychologiques","volume":"184 1","pages":"Pages 72-75"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145996383","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
<div><div>In France, emergency psychiatric visits have increased in recent years, making emergency services a crucial entry point for psychiatric care. In 2018, 14% of psychiatric hospital admissions originated from emergency departments. The support system around psychiatric patients, particularly their family and close ones, plays a vital role in the patient's health and stability. Current recommendations emphasize the importance of supporting family caregivers through psychoeducation interventions, which are particularly effective when implemented early, such as during the first episode of illness. These interventions improve treatment adherence and reduce relapse risk. However, while the role of relatives is significant, the impact of psychiatric illness on them throughout the care continuum—from initial treatment to chronic management—must not be overlooked. Feelings of guilt are common among caregivers, who often feel powerless against the illness. Caregiver exhaustion can lead to anxiety, isolation, frustration, and a sense of helplessness due to conflicting demands. Before treatment begins, relatives are often on the front lines, witnessing a progressive deterioration in the patient's mental health over weeks or months, which eventually leads to a psychiatric crisis. This pre-crisis period is a major stress factor, further intensified by the announcement of hospitalization or involuntary treatment decisions, which are frequent in psychiatry. In 2022, involuntary hospitalizations (SSC) accounted for 26% of psychiatric admissions in France. When involuntary treatment is enacted, relatives may be asked to act as “third parties” in the process. These third parties are mostly family members—50% from the immediate family circle, with nearly a third being spouses. Studies from England and Ireland have explored families’ experiences during involuntary hospitalizations, revealing difficulties accessing help before admission and perceptions that services react to crises rather than prevent them. Relatives often feel burdened by the responsibility of care during involuntary treatment and may experience feelings of betrayal toward the patient or guilt if they refuse to sign the third-party letter. A French study highlighted the need to better prepare relatives for involuntary treatment measures, noting that some had never heard of such measures until their loved one was hospitalized. The authors recommended systematic information provision about psychiatric care modalities and sector organization in France at the start of the patient's care journey. Some support systems exist for relatives in psychiatric emergency settings. For example, in 2013, the Rennes Hospital's psychiatric emergency service established the Family Resource Center for Psychotic Disorders (CReFaP), offering individualized support and access to nursing staff via phone or appointments. However, involving relatives in emergency care and supporting them through crisis periods remains
{"title":"Étude d’un dispositif d’intervention précoce infirmier sur le vécu des personnes « tiers » de la première hospitalisation en soins sans consentement d’un proche : Vécu Tiers Psy","authors":"Chantal Portas , Marie Albinet , Lydiane Brevard , Juliette Salles","doi":"10.1016/j.amp.2025.09.011","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.amp.2025.09.011","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In France, emergency psychiatric visits have increased in recent years, making emergency services a crucial entry point for psychiatric care. In 2018, 14% of psychiatric hospital admissions originated from emergency departments. The support system around psychiatric patients, particularly their family and close ones, plays a vital role in the patient's health and stability. Current recommendations emphasize the importance of supporting family caregivers through psychoeducation interventions, which are particularly effective when implemented early, such as during the first episode of illness. These interventions improve treatment adherence and reduce relapse risk. However, while the role of relatives is significant, the impact of psychiatric illness on them throughout the care continuum—from initial treatment to chronic management—must not be overlooked. Feelings of guilt are common among caregivers, who often feel powerless against the illness. Caregiver exhaustion can lead to anxiety, isolation, frustration, and a sense of helplessness due to conflicting demands. Before treatment begins, relatives are often on the front lines, witnessing a progressive deterioration in the patient's mental health over weeks or months, which eventually leads to a psychiatric crisis. This pre-crisis period is a major stress factor, further intensified by the announcement of hospitalization or involuntary treatment decisions, which are frequent in psychiatry. In 2022, involuntary hospitalizations (SSC) accounted for 26% of psychiatric admissions in France. When involuntary treatment is enacted, relatives may be asked to act as “third parties” in the process. These third parties are mostly family members—50% from the immediate family circle, with nearly a third being spouses. Studies from England and Ireland have explored families’ experiences during involuntary hospitalizations, revealing difficulties accessing help before admission and perceptions that services react to crises rather than prevent them. Relatives often feel burdened by the responsibility of care during involuntary treatment and may experience feelings of betrayal toward the patient or guilt if they refuse to sign the third-party letter. A French study highlighted the need to better prepare relatives for involuntary treatment measures, noting that some had never heard of such measures until their loved one was hospitalized. The authors recommended systematic information provision about psychiatric care modalities and sector organization in France at the start of the patient's care journey. Some support systems exist for relatives in psychiatric emergency settings. For example, in 2013, the Rennes Hospital's psychiatric emergency service established the Family Resource Center for Psychotic Disorders (CReFaP), offering individualized support and access to nursing staff via phone or appointments. However, involving relatives in emergency care and supporting them through crisis periods remains ","PeriodicalId":7992,"journal":{"name":"Annales medico-psychologiques","volume":"184 1","pages":"Pages 18-27"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145996385","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-01DOI: 10.1016/j.amp.2025.11.008
Alexis Bourla (Psychiatre)
{"title":"Lettre ouverte au Conseil National Professionnel de Psychiatrie (CNPP)","authors":"Alexis Bourla (Psychiatre)","doi":"10.1016/j.amp.2025.11.008","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.amp.2025.11.008","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":7992,"journal":{"name":"Annales medico-psychologiques","volume":"184 1","pages":"Pages 1-3"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145996387","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
<div><h3>Background</h3><div>The effectiveness of interprofessional collaboration (IPC) in primary care is unclear. It may have health benefits for patients with cardiovascular or mental health problems. The increase in the prevalence of mental disorders (particularly depressive episodes) in France over the last decade will mobilize both primary care and mental health actors in the future. They have a vested interest in working together to meet the growing needs of the French population. A consultation-liaison with a private psychiatrist was tested over 4 years within a French multi-professional health center (MHC) located in a French rural town. The overall aim of the study was to assess the care needs of GPs and their patients who benefited from this IPC. A study using a mixed methods approach was carried out with the following specific aims: (1) the main objective of the quantitative study was to describe the reasons for referral to psychiatrist by GP. The secondary objectives were to describe the responses given by the psychiatrist and to estimate the association between reasons for referral and patients characteristics; (2) the main objective of the qualitative study was to explore how patients perceived the GP-psychiatrist IPC, and the collaboration they experienced in this MHC. The secondary objectives were to explore their actual experiences in the French mental health system and their perceived needs.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A convergent parallel design study was set up by combining a retrospective cross-sectional study by analyzing data from the medical records of patients, a qualitative study using semi-directed individual interviews and a non-participant observation with volunteer patients, and an integrative analysis phase to mirror the results of the two substudies. The analysis of data from the quantitative study was descriptive, followed by multivariate logistic regression analyses. The analysis of data from the qualitative study was inspired by Grounded Theory. The target population was adult patients who had visited at least one GP in the MHC.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>One hundred patients were included in the quantitative study (women: 65%, mean age: 47.2 years), who were seen by the psychiatrist in 117 consultations. Three types of request were made by GPs to the psychiatrist: therapeutic requests (83.7%), diagnostic requests (35.9%), and administrative requests related to work absence (4.2%). After adjustment, patients were more likely to be referred to the psychiatrist for a therapeutic reason if they had depressive or anxiety disorder (AOR<!--> <!-->=<!--> <!-->4.46, 95% CI: 1.57–12.69). Patients with bipolar disorder were more likely to be referred for diagnostic advice (AOR<!--> <!-->=<!--> <!-->10.59, 95% CI: 1.88–59.72). The psychiatrist's response was mainly therapeutic (91.5%): pharmacological in 74.3% of cases and psychotherapeutic in 50.4%. A diagnostic response was given in 41.9% of consulta
{"title":"Interprofessional collaboration between general practitioners and psychiatrists in a French rural multi-professional health center: Assessment of doctors’ needs and patients’ expectations using a mixed methods approach","authors":"Shérazade Kinouani , Lucile Schmidt , Sophie Giraudier , Thibaut Colomb , Thierry Bailly","doi":"10.1016/j.amp.2024.09.007","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.amp.2024.09.007","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>The effectiveness of interprofessional collaboration (IPC) in primary care is unclear. It may have health benefits for patients with cardiovascular or mental health problems. The increase in the prevalence of mental disorders (particularly depressive episodes) in France over the last decade will mobilize both primary care and mental health actors in the future. They have a vested interest in working together to meet the growing needs of the French population. A consultation-liaison with a private psychiatrist was tested over 4 years within a French multi-professional health center (MHC) located in a French rural town. The overall aim of the study was to assess the care needs of GPs and their patients who benefited from this IPC. A study using a mixed methods approach was carried out with the following specific aims: (1) the main objective of the quantitative study was to describe the reasons for referral to psychiatrist by GP. The secondary objectives were to describe the responses given by the psychiatrist and to estimate the association between reasons for referral and patients characteristics; (2) the main objective of the qualitative study was to explore how patients perceived the GP-psychiatrist IPC, and the collaboration they experienced in this MHC. The secondary objectives were to explore their actual experiences in the French mental health system and their perceived needs.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A convergent parallel design study was set up by combining a retrospective cross-sectional study by analyzing data from the medical records of patients, a qualitative study using semi-directed individual interviews and a non-participant observation with volunteer patients, and an integrative analysis phase to mirror the results of the two substudies. The analysis of data from the quantitative study was descriptive, followed by multivariate logistic regression analyses. The analysis of data from the qualitative study was inspired by Grounded Theory. The target population was adult patients who had visited at least one GP in the MHC.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>One hundred patients were included in the quantitative study (women: 65%, mean age: 47.2 years), who were seen by the psychiatrist in 117 consultations. Three types of request were made by GPs to the psychiatrist: therapeutic requests (83.7%), diagnostic requests (35.9%), and administrative requests related to work absence (4.2%). After adjustment, patients were more likely to be referred to the psychiatrist for a therapeutic reason if they had depressive or anxiety disorder (AOR<!--> <!-->=<!--> <!-->4.46, 95% CI: 1.57–12.69). Patients with bipolar disorder were more likely to be referred for diagnostic advice (AOR<!--> <!-->=<!--> <!-->10.59, 95% CI: 1.88–59.72). The psychiatrist's response was mainly therapeutic (91.5%): pharmacological in 74.3% of cases and psychotherapeutic in 50.4%. A diagnostic response was given in 41.9% of consulta","PeriodicalId":7992,"journal":{"name":"Annales medico-psychologiques","volume":"184 1","pages":"Pages 32-40"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145996384","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-01DOI: 10.1016/j.amp.2024.03.009
Jules Vivier, Emilie Musset, Maeva Magnat, Thomas Fovet, Ali Amad
Background
Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) remains an essential, yet often stigmatized, treatment in psychiatry. Addressing this issue, our study introduces and evaluates a psychoeducational intervention aimed at demystifying ECT for patients and their caregivers, using the QuAKE (Questionnaire on Attitudes and Knowledge of ECT).
Methods
This psychoeducational approach was designed for individuals indicated for ECT and their caregivers. The session's effectiveness was gauged by comparing pre- and post-intervention QuAKE scores. Statistical significance was determined using paired Student t-test.
Results
The study included 20 participants, with caregivers constituting 90% of the sample. The intervention led to a statistically significant increase in knowledge (mean increase of 7.55 points, p < 0.001) and a notable decrease in stigmatizing attitudes (mean decrease of 9 points, p < 0.001) towards ECT, as measured by the QuAKE scales.
Discussion
The significant improvements in both knowledge and attitudes underline the potential benefits of incorporating psychoeducational interventions into ECT treatment protocols. Future research should further explore the role of such interventions in the broader treatment pathway, enhancing patient and caregiver understanding and acceptance of ECT.
{"title":"L’électroconvulsivothérapie, toute une (psycho)éducation !","authors":"Jules Vivier, Emilie Musset, Maeva Magnat, Thomas Fovet, Ali Amad","doi":"10.1016/j.amp.2024.03.009","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.amp.2024.03.009","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) remains an essential, yet often stigmatized, treatment in psychiatry. Addressing this issue, our study introduces and evaluates a psychoeducational intervention aimed at demystifying ECT for patients and their caregivers, using the QuAKE (Questionnaire on Attitudes and Knowledge of ECT).</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>This psychoeducational approach was designed for individuals indicated for ECT and their caregivers. The session's effectiveness was gauged by comparing pre- and post-intervention QuAKE scores. Statistical significance was determined using paired Student <em>t</em>-test.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The study included 20 participants, with caregivers constituting 90% of the sample. The intervention led to a statistically significant increase in knowledge (mean increase of 7.55 points, <em>p</em> <!--><<!--> <!-->0.001) and a notable decrease in stigmatizing attitudes (mean decrease of 9 points, <em>p</em> <!--><<!--> <!-->0.001) towards ECT, as measured by the QuAKE scales.</div></div><div><h3>Discussion</h3><div>The significant improvements in both knowledge and attitudes underline the potential benefits of incorporating psychoeducational interventions into ECT treatment protocols. Future research should further explore the role of such interventions in the broader treatment pathway, enhancing patient and caregiver understanding and acceptance of ECT.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7992,"journal":{"name":"Annales medico-psychologiques","volume":"184 1","pages":"Pages 28-31"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141144916","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-01DOI: 10.1016/j.amp.2024.11.002
Olivier Menard , Maëva Roulin
Attention deficit disorder with or without hyperactivity (ADHD) is one of the most prevalent neurodevelopmental disorders (NDD). Increased awareness of NDDs among the general population, coupled with a global surge in the need for psychiatric care since the COVID-19 crisis, has put considerable pressure on the French mental health system in recent years. This is particularly true for private practitioners, including psychiatrists, neurologists, and pediatricians, who are the only specialists in France authorized to initiate methylphenidate, the first-line treatment for adult ADHD. These professionals face a daunting challenge: 50% of French private psychiatrists are aged 60 or older, and they are tasked with meeting an ever-growing demand for psychiatric care. Additionally, there is a fast-growing demand from younger individuals seeking NDD diagnoses, often self-diagnosed online through social media. Furthermore, NDD diagnosis was not widely taught in French medical universities until recently, resulting in fewer professionals qualified to meet the demand. Due to this shortage of medical practitioners, many individuals are seeking NDD diagnoses from psychologists. However, in France, psychologists are not considered healthcare practitioners, and most are not trained in NDD diagnosis. Nevertheless, a “business of ADHD” has emerged, with an increasing number of neuropsychological tests and other “trainings” being oTered. This is unfortunate because ADHD diagnosis is primarily clinical, and in most cases, especially in adults, does not require neuropsychological testing. That said, psychologists can play a significant role in managing ADHD, particularly through psychoeducation or cognitive-behavioral therapies, and in some non-comorbid cases, pre-diagnosis. We believe that teams of psychologists and psychiatrists trained in NDDs could represent an eTective way to increase the number of patients diagnosed and treated for ADHD. Given the shortage of psychiatrists, we also recommend broader access to the authority to initiate methylphenidate. Doctors specializing in addiction medicine, if trained in NDDs and working alongside psychiatrists, should be authorized to initiate methylphenidate. Finally, training is paramount, and priority should be given to expanding the availability of training programs.
{"title":"Soignants libéraux et TDAH : enjeux et défis","authors":"Olivier Menard , Maëva Roulin","doi":"10.1016/j.amp.2024.11.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.amp.2024.11.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Attention deficit disorder with or without hyperactivity (ADHD) is one of the most prevalent neurodevelopmental disorders (NDD). Increased awareness of NDDs among the general population, coupled with a global surge in the need for psychiatric care since the COVID-19 crisis, has put considerable pressure on the French mental health system in recent years. This is particularly true for private practitioners, including psychiatrists, neurologists, and pediatricians, who are the only specialists in France authorized to initiate methylphenidate, the first-line treatment for adult ADHD. These professionals face a daunting challenge: 50% of French private psychiatrists are aged 60 or older, and they are tasked with meeting an ever-growing demand for psychiatric care. Additionally, there is a fast-growing demand from younger individuals seeking NDD diagnoses, often self-diagnosed online through social media. Furthermore, NDD diagnosis was not widely taught in French medical universities until recently, resulting in fewer professionals qualified to meet the demand. Due to this shortage of medical practitioners, many individuals are seeking NDD diagnoses from psychologists. However, in France, psychologists are not considered healthcare practitioners, and most are not trained in NDD diagnosis. Nevertheless, a “business of ADHD” has emerged, with an increasing number of neuropsychological tests and other “trainings” being oTered. This is unfortunate because ADHD diagnosis is primarily clinical, and in most cases, especially in adults, does not require neuropsychological testing. That said, psychologists can play a significant role in managing ADHD, particularly through psychoeducation or cognitive-behavioral therapies, and in some non-comorbid cases, pre-diagnosis. We believe that teams of psychologists and psychiatrists trained in NDDs could represent an eTective way to increase the number of patients diagnosed and treated for ADHD. Given the shortage of psychiatrists, we also recommend broader access to the authority to initiate methylphenidate. Doctors specializing in addiction medicine, if trained in NDDs and working alongside psychiatrists, should be authorized to initiate methylphenidate. Finally, training is paramount, and priority should be given to expanding the availability of training programs.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7992,"journal":{"name":"Annales medico-psychologiques","volume":"184 1","pages":"Pages 48-50"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145996380","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
<div><h3>Background and issues</h3><div>In sub-Saharan Africa, the precarious conditions of medical training expose students to intense stress, leading to burn-out. This syndrome compromises academic performance and mental health. In Burkina Faso, it remains little studied. This research aims to assess the prevalence and factors associated with burn-out among medical students at Joseph KI-ZERBO University.</div></div><div><h3>Methodology</h3><div>Setting and type of study This cross-sectional, prospective, descriptive and analytical study was conducted over a six-month period, from 19 April to 19 October 2024, at the Joseph KI-ZERBO University (UJKZ) in Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso. The main site was the Health Sciences Training and Research Unit (UFR/SDS), which in 2022 will have 5,592 students in medicine, pharmacy, dental surgery and paramedical training. Teaching takes place in overcrowded lecture theatres and clinical placements take place in distant university hospitals, exposing students to considerable organisational stress.</div></div><div><h3>Population and sampling</h3><div>The study targeted PhD students 1 and 2 in human medicine. Inclusion criteria included being at least 18 years old, registered at the UFR/SDS, and having given informed consent. Students from other fields or levels were excluded. Random sampling was used. The minimum sample size, calculated using the Schwartz formula with an estimated prevalence of 44.2%, gave 379 subjects. To increase statistical power, the sample was increased to 462 students, equally distributed between the two doctoral levels.</div></div><div><h3>Collection tools and techniques</h3><div>The data was collected using a structured self-administered questionnaire, digitised on KoboToolbox and distributed via KoboCollect. The survey team consisted of six students trained in digital data collection. The variables measured included: socio-demographic characteristics, lifestyles, academic data, and burnout assessed using the Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI). This tool measures three dimensions: emotional exhaustion, depersonalisation and personal fulfilment. Burnout was defined by a high score in emotional exhaustion (≥<!--> <!-->27), depersonalisation (≥<!--> <!-->13), and a low score in personal fulfilment (≤<!--> <!-->31).</div></div><div><h3>Statistical analysis</h3><div>The data were cleaned and analysed using STATA 16 and Epi-Info 7.2.5 software. Qualitative variables were expressed as frequencies, and quantitative variables as means<!--> <!-->±<!--> <!-->standard deviation. Chi<sup>2</sup> and Student's <em>t</em> tests were used to compare groups. Multivariate logistic regression was used to identify factors associated with burn-out, with a significance threshold set at <em>p</em> <!-->≤<!--> <!-->0.05.</div></div><div><h3>Ethical considerations</h3><div>The protocol was approved by the Burkina Faso Health Research Ethics Committee (no 2024-09-292). Student participation was based on free, informed
背景和问题在撒哈拉以南非洲，医疗培训的不稳定条件使学生承受巨大压力，导致身心俱疲。这种综合症会影响学习成绩和心理健康。在布基纳法索，这方面的研究还很少。本研究旨在评估Joseph KI-ZERBO大学医学生职业倦怠的患病率及相关因素。这项横断面、前瞻性、描述性和分析性研究于2024年4月19日至10月19日在布基纳法索瓦加杜古的Joseph KI-ZERBO大学（UJKZ）进行，为期六个月。主要地点是健康科学培训和研究单位（UFR/SDS），到2022年将有5 592名医学、药学、牙科外科和辅助医疗培训方面的学生。教学在拥挤的演讲厅进行，临床实习在遥远的大学医院进行，使学生面临相当大的组织压力。该研究的目标是人类医学博士研究生1和2。纳入标准包括年满18岁，在UFR/SDS注册，并给予知情同意。来自其他领域或水平的学生被排除在外。采用随机抽样。最小样本量，使用Schwartz公式计算，估计患病率为44.2%，共有379名受试者。为了提高统计能力，将样本增加到462名学生，平均分布在两个博士水平之间。收集工具和技术使用结构化的自我管理问卷收集数据，在KoboToolbox上进行数字化，并通过KoboCollect分发。调查小组由六名接受过数字数据收集培训的学生组成。测量的变量包括：社会人口特征、生活方式、学术数据和使用马斯拉克职业倦怠量表（MBI）评估的职业倦怠。这个工具测量三个维度：情绪耗竭、人格解体和个人成就感。倦怠表现为情绪耗竭得分高（≥27分）、人格解体得分高（≥13分）、个人满足得分低（≤31分）。统计分析使用STATA 16和Epi-Info 7.2.5软件对数据进行清理和分析。定性变量用频率表示，定量变量用均值±标准差表示。采用Chi2检验和Student’st检验进行组间比较。采用多因素logistic回归确定与工作倦怠相关的因素，显著性阈值设置为p≤0.05。伦理考虑：该方案已获得布基纳法索卫生研究伦理委员会（no 24-09-292）的批准。学生的参与是根据《赫尔辛基宣言》的原则，在自由、知情和匿名同意的基础上进行的。结果学生年龄以27岁及以上为主（53%），男性占62.34%。以单身居多（78.35%）。个人精神病史罕见（2.81%），而精神障碍家族史（14.07%）或精神过劳（4.8%）较少。在社会经济方面，43.51%的母亲失业，26.62%的父亲去世。精神支持较多（80.95%），经济支持较少（32.68%）。在生活方式方面，59.3%的人定期参加体育锻炼，86.2%的人参加休闲活动，50.4%的人偶尔饮酒。吸烟很少（2.4%），而经常饮用刺激性饮料（咖啡84.4%，能量饮料48.5%）。在学业上，65.6%的学生有内在动力，但50.2%的学生出勤不规律。对项目（21.4%）和时间表（36%）的满意度仍然很低。大多数人（72.1%）每天工作超过8小时。考试期间是压力的主要来源（65.6%）。大多数学生是小组作业（49.4%）或单独作业（43.5%）。倦怠影响了21.2%的学生。情绪衰竭占26%，人格解体占21.2%，低个人成就感占24.7%。多变量分析显示：-总体倦怠与工作时间>； 8 h/d相关（OR = 1.521; p = 0.048）；-没有倦怠家族史（OR = 0.274; p = 0.007）和小组工作（OR = 0.589; p = 0.024）会减少情绪衰竭，但父母道德支持不佳（OR = 2.062; p = 0.006）、缺乏体育活动（OR = 1.907; p = 0.005）、中性动机（OR = 2.154; p = 0.004）和育儿节奏不佳（OR = 1.771; p = 0.013）会减少情绪衰竭；-人格解体与失去父母（死亡或退休）（or = 1.314; p = 0.001）、不满意的父母支持（or = 1.745; p = 0.047）和工作时间延长（or = 1.770）有关；-结对工作提高了员工对个人成就的满意度（OR = 0.143; p = 0.004），但在缺乏体育活动（OR = 1.552; p = 0.012）、课程大纲不理想（OR = 1.567; p = 0.027）和随叫随到的节奏不理想（OR = 1.590; p = 0.031）的情况下，满意度降低了。 讨论和结论我们的研究强调了医学生中职业倦怠的患病率为21.2%，这一比例低于其他国际背景下的报道。这些差异可以用社会文化、教育和组织差异来解释。情绪衰竭影响了26%的参与者，与突尼斯和中东观察到的较高比率相比，这是一个中等水平，但与美国的结果接近。人格解体（21.2%）似乎比一些西方研究更频繁，反映了苛刻的医院环境和缺乏关系支持的影响。低个人成就感（24.7%）保持中等水平，表明渐进式监督有保护作用，但也有限制自主的局限性。多变量分析确定了几个相关因素：长时间工作、不满意的随叫随到的日程安排和学业负担显著增加了疲劳的风险，而结对工作、定期体育活动和满意的家庭社会支持具有保护作用。这些结果与国际上关于组织和个人决定因素重要性的文献一致。该研究的局限性在于其横断面性质和使用偶然抽样，但其主要优势在于它首次记录了布基纳法索医学生的职业倦怠问题。这些数据要求采取旨在优化工作组织、加强社会心理支持和促进预防的机构干预措施。
{"title":"Évaluation du burn-out chez les étudiants de médecine au Burkina Faso : une étude traversable à l’université Joseph KI-ZERBO","authors":"Boubacar Bagué , Désiré Nanéma , Oumar Sourabié , Marie Jacqueline Wendyam Lalsaga , Ismael Ayouba Tinni , Kapouné Karfo , Dieu-Donné Ouédraogo","doi":"10.1016/j.amp.2025.09.007","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.amp.2025.09.007","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background and issues</h3><div>In sub-Saharan Africa, the precarious conditions of medical training expose students to intense stress, leading to burn-out. This syndrome compromises academic performance and mental health. In Burkina Faso, it remains little studied. This research aims to assess the prevalence and factors associated with burn-out among medical students at Joseph KI-ZERBO University.</div></div><div><h3>Methodology</h3><div>Setting and type of study This cross-sectional, prospective, descriptive and analytical study was conducted over a six-month period, from 19 April to 19 October 2024, at the Joseph KI-ZERBO University (UJKZ) in Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso. The main site was the Health Sciences Training and Research Unit (UFR/SDS), which in 2022 will have 5,592 students in medicine, pharmacy, dental surgery and paramedical training. Teaching takes place in overcrowded lecture theatres and clinical placements take place in distant university hospitals, exposing students to considerable organisational stress.</div></div><div><h3>Population and sampling</h3><div>The study targeted PhD students 1 and 2 in human medicine. Inclusion criteria included being at least 18 years old, registered at the UFR/SDS, and having given informed consent. Students from other fields or levels were excluded. Random sampling was used. The minimum sample size, calculated using the Schwartz formula with an estimated prevalence of 44.2%, gave 379 subjects. To increase statistical power, the sample was increased to 462 students, equally distributed between the two doctoral levels.</div></div><div><h3>Collection tools and techniques</h3><div>The data was collected using a structured self-administered questionnaire, digitised on KoboToolbox and distributed via KoboCollect. The survey team consisted of six students trained in digital data collection. The variables measured included: socio-demographic characteristics, lifestyles, academic data, and burnout assessed using the Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI). This tool measures three dimensions: emotional exhaustion, depersonalisation and personal fulfilment. Burnout was defined by a high score in emotional exhaustion (≥<!--> <!-->27), depersonalisation (≥<!--> <!-->13), and a low score in personal fulfilment (≤<!--> <!-->31).</div></div><div><h3>Statistical analysis</h3><div>The data were cleaned and analysed using STATA 16 and Epi-Info 7.2.5 software. Qualitative variables were expressed as frequencies, and quantitative variables as means<!--> <!-->±<!--> <!-->standard deviation. Chi<sup>2</sup> and Student's <em>t</em> tests were used to compare groups. Multivariate logistic regression was used to identify factors associated with burn-out, with a significance threshold set at <em>p</em> <!-->≤<!--> <!-->0.05.</div></div><div><h3>Ethical considerations</h3><div>The protocol was approved by the Burkina Faso Health Research Ethics Committee (no 2024-09-292). Student participation was based on free, informed ","PeriodicalId":7992,"journal":{"name":"Annales medico-psychologiques","volume":"184 1","pages":"Pages 51-59"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145996381","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-01DOI: 10.1016/j.amp.2025.03.004
Erwan Dieu , Tony Ward
<div><h3>Introduction</h3><div>This article presents the positive results of a study about the interest of the Good Lives Model (GLM). If the offenders were not selected, the area of employment was systematically noted, as well as limited receptivity. The Council of Europe (Rule 66, REP, 2010) gives the starting point for the stages relating to probation with the RNR model (Risk, Needs, Responsivity). The complementary model Good Lives Model is also recommended in the REPs, and in the French standards, but rarely used. According to the GLM, offenders must be considered as people monitored in each context with methods which may or may not conform to their own “goods” and “strengths”. The readiness is defined here as the presence of characteristics (states or dispositions) in the offenders or in the professional situation likely to promote engagement in support. This proposal could be interesting for offenders who present risk factors linked to employment.</div></div><div><h3>Method</h3><div>One hundred and forty-six offenders experienced GLM using different methods of administration (individual <em>n</em> <!-->=<!--> <!-->111, virtual <em>n</em> <!-->=<!--> <!-->11, group <em>n</em> <!-->=<!--> <!-->24). The interviews were conducted for a total duration of 4<!--> <!-->hours, or an equivalent of 584<!--> <!-->hours of interviews. Subsequently, the research team administered the WAO (alliance scale) combined with semi-structured interviews. The results were compared to a previous study concerning unstructured interviews (<em>n</em> <!-->=<!--> <!-->38) and structured interviews with the RNR model (<em>n</em> <!-->=<!--> <!-->40).</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Of the 146 participants, 53 benefited from results that could be used for comparative research. The GLM seems to be a particularly interesting method for the alliance between the professional and the offender, compared to other methods (unstructured or structured RNR). However, 4 criteria out of 12 meet higher scores in the context of so-called unstructured individual interviews and only 1 criterion in the context of structured individual interviews based on risk. The results indicate that the three groups (individual, group, RV) present positive results in terms of alliance with high averages (more than 4/5). The highest results are found in the group, which benefited from GLM interviews in Virtual Reality (average of 4.64), then those who benefited from group GLM interviews (average of 4.45), then individual GLM interviews (average 4.38). The questions that received the most responses “ALWAYS” (5/5) are the criteria related to the relationship between the offender and the professional, therefore question 3 “<em>I believe that professionals respect me</em>” with 87.1%, question 5 “<em>I have the feeling that professionals really listen to me</em>” with 83.9% and question 9 “<em>Professionals and I show respect towards each other</em>” with 93.5% responses. The professionals underlined
{"title":"Good Lives Model (GLM) et alliance avec l’auteur d’infraction : quel apport selon différentes modalités d’entretien (individuel, groupe, réalité virtuelle) ?","authors":"Erwan Dieu , Tony Ward","doi":"10.1016/j.amp.2025.03.004","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.amp.2025.03.004","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><div>This article presents the positive results of a study about the interest of the Good Lives Model (GLM). If the offenders were not selected, the area of employment was systematically noted, as well as limited receptivity. The Council of Europe (Rule 66, REP, 2010) gives the starting point for the stages relating to probation with the RNR model (Risk, Needs, Responsivity). The complementary model Good Lives Model is also recommended in the REPs, and in the French standards, but rarely used. According to the GLM, offenders must be considered as people monitored in each context with methods which may or may not conform to their own “goods” and “strengths”. The readiness is defined here as the presence of characteristics (states or dispositions) in the offenders or in the professional situation likely to promote engagement in support. This proposal could be interesting for offenders who present risk factors linked to employment.</div></div><div><h3>Method</h3><div>One hundred and forty-six offenders experienced GLM using different methods of administration (individual <em>n</em> <!-->=<!--> <!-->111, virtual <em>n</em> <!-->=<!--> <!-->11, group <em>n</em> <!-->=<!--> <!-->24). The interviews were conducted for a total duration of 4<!--> <!-->hours, or an equivalent of 584<!--> <!-->hours of interviews. Subsequently, the research team administered the WAO (alliance scale) combined with semi-structured interviews. The results were compared to a previous study concerning unstructured interviews (<em>n</em> <!-->=<!--> <!-->38) and structured interviews with the RNR model (<em>n</em> <!-->=<!--> <!-->40).</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Of the 146 participants, 53 benefited from results that could be used for comparative research. The GLM seems to be a particularly interesting method for the alliance between the professional and the offender, compared to other methods (unstructured or structured RNR). However, 4 criteria out of 12 meet higher scores in the context of so-called unstructured individual interviews and only 1 criterion in the context of structured individual interviews based on risk. The results indicate that the three groups (individual, group, RV) present positive results in terms of alliance with high averages (more than 4/5). The highest results are found in the group, which benefited from GLM interviews in Virtual Reality (average of 4.64), then those who benefited from group GLM interviews (average of 4.45), then individual GLM interviews (average 4.38). The questions that received the most responses “ALWAYS” (5/5) are the criteria related to the relationship between the offender and the professional, therefore question 3 “<em>I believe that professionals respect me</em>” with 87.1%, question 5 “<em>I have the feeling that professionals really listen to me</em>” with 83.9% and question 9 “<em>Professionals and I show respect towards each other</em>” with 93.5% responses. The professionals underlined ","PeriodicalId":7992,"journal":{"name":"Annales medico-psychologiques","volume":"184 1","pages":"Pages 10-17"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145996433","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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