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WHIRLY proteins, multi-layer regulators linking the nucleus and organelles in developmental and stress-induced senescence of plants. WHIRLY 蛋白,植物发育和胁迫诱导衰老过程中连接细胞核和细胞器的多层调节器。
IF 3.6 2区 生物学 Q1 PLANT SCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-10-30 DOI: 10.1093/aob/mcae092
Wenfang Lin, Dongmei Huang, Mengsi Li, Yujun Ren, Xiangzi Zheng, Binghua Wu, Ying Miao

Plant senescence is an integrated programme of plant development that aims to remobilize nutrients and energy from senescing tissues to developing organs under developmental and stress-induced conditions. Upstream in the regulatory network, a small family of single-stranded DNA/RNA-binding proteins known as WHIRLYs occupy a central node, acting at multiple regulatory levels and via trans-localization between the nucleus and organelles. In this review, we summarize the current progress on the role of WHIRLY members in plant development and stress-induced senescence. WHIRLY proteins can be traced back in evolution to green algae. WHIRLY proteins trade off the balance of plant developmental senescence and stress-induced senescence through maintaining organelle genome stability via R-loop homeostasis, repressing the transcription at a configuration condition, and recruiting RNA to impact organelle RNA editing and splicing, as evidenced in several species. WHIRLY proteins also act as retrograde signal transducers between organelles and the nucleus through protein modification and stromule or vesicle trafficking. In addition, WHIRLY proteins interact with hormones, reactive oxygen species and environmental signals to orchestrate cell fate in an age-dependent manner. Finally, prospects for further research and promotion to improve crop production under environmental constraints are highlighted.

植物衰老是植物发育过程中的一个综合程序,其目的是在发育和胁迫诱导条件下,将衰老组织中的养分和能量重新调动到发育中的器官。在调控网络的上游,一个被称为 WHIRLYs 的单链 DNA/RNA 结合蛋白小家族占据着一个中心节点,在多个调控水平上发挥作用,并通过在细胞核和细胞器之间的跨定位发挥作用。在这篇综述中,我们总结了目前有关 WHIRLY 成员在植物发育和胁迫诱导衰老中作用的研究进展。WHIRLY蛋白的进化可追溯到绿藻。WHIRLY蛋白通过R环平衡维持细胞器基因组稳定、抑制构型条件下的转录、招募RNA以影响细胞器RNA编辑和剪接,从而平衡植物发育衰老和胁迫诱导的衰老。此外,WHIRLY蛋白还与激素、ROS和环境信号相互作用,以年龄依赖的方式协调细胞命运。最后,强调了进一步研究和推广的前景,以提高环境限制下的作物产量。
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引用次数: 0
Three-dimensional image analysis specifies the root distribution for drought avoidance in the early growth stage of rice. 三维图像分析明确了水稻生长初期的根系分布,以避免干旱。
IF 3.6 2区 生物学 Q1 PLANT SCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-10-30 DOI: 10.1093/aob/mcae101
Yuko Numajiri, Saki Yoshida, Takeshi Hayashi, Yusaku Uga

Background and aims: Root system architecture (RSA) plays a key role in plant adaptation to drought, because deep rooting enables better water uptake than shallow rooting under terminal drought. Understanding RSA during early plant development is essential for improving crop yields, because early drought can affect subsequent shoot growth. Herein, we demonstrate that root distribution in the topsoil significantly impacts shoot growth during the early stages of rice (Oryza sativa) development under drought, as assessed through three-dimensional image analysis.

Methods: We used 109 F12 recombinant inbred lines obtained from a cross between shallow-rooting lowland rice and deep-rooting upland rice, representing a population with diverse RSA. We applied a moderate drought during the early development of rice grown in a plant pot (25 cm in height) by stopping irrigation 14 days after sowing. Time-series RSA at 14, 21 and 28 days after sowing was visualized by X-ray computed tomography and, subsequently, compared between drought and well-watered conditions. After this analysis, we investigated drought-avoidant RSA further by testing 20 randomly selected recombinant inbred lines in drought conditions.

Key results: We inferred the root location that most influences shoot growth using a hierarchical Bayes approach: the root segment depth that impacted shoot growth positively ranged between 1.7 and 3.4 cm in drought conditions and between 0.0 and 1.7 cm in well-watered conditions. Drought-avoidant recombinant inbred lines had a higher root density in the lower layers of the topsoil compared with the others.

Conclusions: Fine classification of soil layers using three-dimensional image analysis revealed that increasing root density in the lower layers of the topsoil, rather than in the subsoil, is advantageous for drought avoidance during the early growth stage of rice.

背景和目的:根系结构(RSA)在植物适应干旱的过程中起着关键作用,因为在终期干旱下,深根比浅根能够更好地吸收水分。了解植物早期发育过程中的根系结构对提高作物产量至关重要,因为早期干旱会影响随后的嫩枝生长。在此,我们通过三维(3D)图像分析证明,在干旱条件下,表土中的根系分布对水稻(Oryza sativa)发育早期的芽生长有显著影响:我们利用浅根低地水稻和深根高地水稻杂交获得的 109 个 F12 重组近交系 (RIL),它们代表了具有不同 RSA 的群体。我们在播种后 14 天(DAS)停止灌溉,在盆栽水稻(25 厘米高)的早期生长过程中施加了中度干旱。通过 X 射线计算机断层扫描观察了 14、21 和 28 DAS 的时间序列 RSA,随后比较了干旱和充足浇水条件下的 RSA。在这一分析之后,我们通过在干旱条件下测试随机选择的 20 个 RIL,进一步研究了抗旱 RSA:我们利用分层贝叶斯方法推断出了对幼苗生长影响最大的根部位置:在干旱条件下,对幼苗生长有积极影响的根段深度在 1.7-3.4 厘米之间,而在水分充足的条件下,根段深度在 0.0-1.7 厘米之间。与其他RIL相比,抗旱RIL在表土下层的根系密度更高:结论:利用三维图像分析对土壤层进行精细分类发现,增加表土下层而非底层的根系密度有利于水稻早期生长阶段的抗旱性。
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引用次数: 0
Effectiveness of freezing temperatures on dormancy release of temperate woody species. 低温对温带木本植物休眠释放的影响。
IF 3.6 2区 生物学 Q1 PLANT SCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-10-30 DOI: 10.1093/aob/mcae112
Huanjiong Wang, Wenrui Bai, Zhi Hu, Shaozhi Lin, Quansheng Ge

Background and aims: Spring phenological change of plants in response to global warming may affect many ecological processes and functions. Chilling temperature regulates budburst date by releasing dormancy. However, whether freezing temperatures (<0 °C) contribute to dormancy release remains of debate. Our poor understanding of the role of chilling makes estimating shifts in budburst date difficult.

Methods: A 2-year chilling-forcing experiment was explicitly designed to test the effects of chilling temperatures on dormancy release of nine temperate woody species in Beijing, China. A total of 1620 twigs were first exposed to a wide range of temperatures (-10 to 10 °C) with different durations and then moved to growth chambers. Based on budburst data in experimental conditions, we examined whether freezing temperatures are effective on dormancy release. We also developed a new framework for constructing chilling functions based on the curve between chilling duration and forcing requirement (FR) of budburst. The chilling function derived from this framework was not affected by experimental forcing conditions.

Key results: We demonstrated that freezing temperatures down to -10 °C were effective in dormancy release. The rate of dormancy release, indicated by the rate of decay in the chilling duration-FR curve, did not differ significantly between chilling temperatures in most cases, although it exhibited a maximum value at 0 or 5 °C. The chilling function-associated phenological models could simulate budburst date from independent experimental and observational data with a mean RMSE of 7.07 d.

Conclusions: The effective freezing temperatures found here are contrary to the well-known assumption of <0 °C temperature generally not contributing to accumulated chilling in many previous chilling functions. A chilling function assuming that temperature below an upper temperature threshold has the same effects on dormancy release could be adopted to calculate chilling accumulation when using experiments to develop spring phenological models based on the chilling-forcing relationship.

背景和目的:植物因全球变暖而发生的春季物候变化可能会影响许多生态过程和功能。冷冻温度通过释放休眠来调节萌芽日期。然而,冷冻温度(方法:我们明确设计了一项为期两年的寒冷胁迫实验,以测试寒冷温度对中国北京 9 种温带木本植物休眠释放的影响。首先将 1620 根树枝置于不同持续时间的低温环境(-10 至 10 °C)中,然后移至生长室。根据实验条件下的萌芽数据,我们研究了低温是否对休眠释放有效。我们还根据冷冻持续时间与芽苞蕾期强迫要求(FR)之间的曲线,开发了一种构建冷冻函数的新框架。从这一框架中得出的寒冷函数不受实验强迫条件的影响:主要结果:我们证明了低至 -10°C 的低温对休眠的解除是有效的。在大多数情况下,不同冷冻温度下的休眠释放率(由冷冻持续时间-FR 曲线的衰减率表示)并无显著差异,但在 0 或 5°C 时表现出最大值。与寒冷函数相关的物候模型可根据独立的实验和观测数据模拟萌芽日期,平均有效误差为 7.07 天:结论:本文发现的有效冻结温度与众所周知的
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引用次数: 0
High toxin concentration in pollen may deter collection by bees in butterfly-pollinated Rhododendron molle. 花粉中的高浓度毒素可能会阻碍蜜蜂采集蝴蝶授粉的杜鹃花。
IF 3.6 2区 生物学 Q1 PLANT SCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-10-30 DOI: 10.1093/aob/mcae047
Hui-Hui Feng, Xiao-Wen Lv, Xiao-Chen Yang, Shuang-Quan Huang

Backgrounds and aims: The hypothesis that plants evolve features that protect accessible pollen from consumption by flower visitors remains poorly understood.

Methods: To explore potential chemical defence against pollen consumption, we examined the pollinator assemblage, foraging behaviour, visitation frequency and pollen transfer efficiency in Rhododendron molle, a highly toxic shrub containing rhodojaponin III. Nutrient (protein and lipid) and toxic components in pollen and other tissues were measured.

Key results: Overall in the five populations studied, floral visits by butterflies and bumblebees were relatively more frequent than visits by honeybees. All foraged for nectar but not pollen. Butterflies did not differ from bumblebees in the amount of pollen removed per visit, but deposited more pollen per visit. Pollination experiments indicated that R. molle was self-compatible, but both fruit and seed production were pollen-limited. Our analysis indicated that the pollen was not protein-poor and had a higher concentration of the toxic compound rhodojaponin III than petals and leaves, this compound was undetectable in nectar.

Conclusion: Pollen toxicity in Rhododendron flowers may discourage pollen robbers (bees) from taking the freely accessible pollen grains, while the toxin-free nectar rewards effective pollinators, promoting pollen transfer. This preliminary study supports the hypothesis that chemical defence in pollen would be likely to evolve in species without physical protection from pollinivores.

背景和目的:人们对植物进化出保护花粉不被访花者消耗的特征这一假说仍然知之甚少:为了探索防止花粉消耗的潜在化学防御措施,我们研究了含杜鹃皂苷 III 的剧毒灌木杜鹃花(Rhododendron molle)的传粉昆虫组合、觅食行为、造访频率和花粉传递效率。测量了花粉和其他组织中的营养(蛋白质和脂质)和毒性成分:总体而言,在五个种群中,蝴蝶和熊蜂采花的频率高于蜜蜂。它们都觅食花蜜,但不觅食花粉。蝴蝶与熊蜂每次访花的花粉量没有差异,但每次访花的花粉沉积量更多。授粉实验表明,R. molle 具有自交能力,但果实和种子的产量都受到花粉的限制。我们的分析表明,与花瓣和叶片相比,花粉的蛋白质含量并不低,而且含有更高浓度的有毒化合物Rhodojaponin III,而这种化合物在花蜜中是检测不到的:杜鹃花的花粉毒性可能会阻止花粉掠夺者(蜜蜂)自由获取花粉粒,而无毒花蜜则会奖励有效的授粉者,促进花粉传递。这项初步研究支持这样的假设,即花粉中的化学防御作用很可能会在没有来自食粉动物的物理保护的物种中演化出来。
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引用次数: 0
Mucilage facilitates root water uptake under edaphic stress: first evidence at the plant scale. 黏液促进根系在水土压力下吸收水分:植物尺度上的首个证据。
IF 3.6 2区 生物学 Q1 PLANT SCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-10-30 DOI: 10.1093/aob/mcae193
Mohanned Abdalla, Andrea Carminati, Gaochao Cai, Mutez Ali Ahmed

Background and aims: Mucilage has been hypothesized to soften the gradients in matric potential at the root-soil interface, hereby facilitating root water uptake in dry soils and maintaining transpiration with a moderate decline in leaf water potential. So far, this hypothesis has been tested only through simplified experiments and numerical simulations. However, the impact of mucilage on the relationship between transpiration rate (E) and leaf water potential (ψleaf) at the plant scale remains speculative.

Methods: We utilized an automated root pressure chamber to measure the E(ψleaf) relationship in two cowpea genotypes with contrasting mucilage production. We then leveraged a soil-plant hydraulic model to reproduce the experimental observations and inferred the matric potential at the root-soil interface for both genotypes.

Key results: In wet soil, the relationship between the leaf water potential and transpiration rate (E) was linear for both genotypes. However, as the soil progressively dried, the E(ψleaf) relationship exhibited nonlinearity. Genotype with low mucilage production exhibited nonlinearity earlier during soil drying, i.e. in wetter soil conditions, (soil water content < 0.36 cm3 cm-3) compared to Genotype with high mucilage production (soil water content < 0.30 cm3 cm-3). The incidence of nonlinearity was concomitant with the decline in matric potential across the rhizosphere. High mucilage production attenuated water potential diminution at the root-soil interface with increased E. This shows, for the first time at the plant scale, that root mucilage softened the gradients in matric potential and maintained transpiration in drying soils. The model simulations indicate that a plausible explanation for this effect is an enhanced hydraulic conductivity of the rhizosphere in genotype with higher mucilage production.

Conclusions: Mucilage exudation maintains the hydraulic continuity between soil and roots and decelerates the drop in matric potential near the root surface, hereby postponing the hydraulic limitations to transpiration during soil drying.

背景和目的:据推测,黏液能软化根-土界面的水势梯度,从而促进根系在干燥土壤中的吸水,并在叶片水势适度下降的情况下维持蒸腾作用。迄今为止,这一假设只通过简化实验和数值模拟得到了验证。然而,在植物尺度上,粘液对蒸腾速率(E)和叶片水势(ψleaf)之间关系的影响仍然是推测性的:我们利用自动根压室测量了两种豇豆基因型的蒸腾速率(E)与叶片水势(ψleaf)之间的关系,这两种基因型的粘液产量截然不同。然后,我们利用土壤-植物水力模型重现了实验观测结果,并推断出了两种基因型根-土界面的母质势:主要结果:在潮湿的土壤中,两种基因型的叶片水势与蒸腾速率(E)之间呈线性关系。然而,随着土壤逐渐干燥,E(ψ叶)关系表现出非线性。与粘液产量高的基因型(土壤含水量< 0.30 cm3 cm-3)相比,粘液产量低的基因型在土壤干燥过程中,即在较湿的土壤条件下(土壤含水量< 0.36 cm3 cm-3),更早表现出非线性。非线性现象的出现与整个根瘤层中母质电位的下降有关。这首次在植物尺度上表明,根部粘液软化了母质势梯度,维持了干燥土壤的蒸腾作用。模型模拟表明,这种效应的一个合理解释是,粘液产量较高的基因型的根瘤层水力传导性增强:结论:粘液的渗出保持了土壤与根系之间的水力连续性,减缓了根系表面附近的水势下降,从而推迟了土壤干燥过程中对蒸腾的水力限制。
{"title":"Mucilage facilitates root water uptake under edaphic stress: first evidence at the plant scale.","authors":"Mohanned Abdalla, Andrea Carminati, Gaochao Cai, Mutez Ali Ahmed","doi":"10.1093/aob/mcae193","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/aob/mcae193","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and aims: </strong>Mucilage has been hypothesized to soften the gradients in matric potential at the root-soil interface, hereby facilitating root water uptake in dry soils and maintaining transpiration with a moderate decline in leaf water potential. So far, this hypothesis has been tested only through simplified experiments and numerical simulations. However, the impact of mucilage on the relationship between transpiration rate (E) and leaf water potential (ψleaf) at the plant scale remains speculative.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We utilized an automated root pressure chamber to measure the E(ψleaf) relationship in two cowpea genotypes with contrasting mucilage production. We then leveraged a soil-plant hydraulic model to reproduce the experimental observations and inferred the matric potential at the root-soil interface for both genotypes.</p><p><strong>Key results: </strong>In wet soil, the relationship between the leaf water potential and transpiration rate (E) was linear for both genotypes. However, as the soil progressively dried, the E(ψleaf) relationship exhibited nonlinearity. Genotype with low mucilage production exhibited nonlinearity earlier during soil drying, i.e. in wetter soil conditions, (soil water content < 0.36 cm3 cm-3) compared to Genotype with high mucilage production (soil water content < 0.30 cm3 cm-3). The incidence of nonlinearity was concomitant with the decline in matric potential across the rhizosphere. High mucilage production attenuated water potential diminution at the root-soil interface with increased E. This shows, for the first time at the plant scale, that root mucilage softened the gradients in matric potential and maintained transpiration in drying soils. The model simulations indicate that a plausible explanation for this effect is an enhanced hydraulic conductivity of the rhizosphere in genotype with higher mucilage production.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Mucilage exudation maintains the hydraulic continuity between soil and roots and decelerates the drop in matric potential near the root surface, hereby postponing the hydraulic limitations to transpiration during soil drying.</p>","PeriodicalId":8023,"journal":{"name":"Annals of botany","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2024-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142543249","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Pleistocene climate oscillations have shaped the expansion and contraction speciation model of the globose Eriosyce sect. Neoporteria cacti in Central Chile. 更新世气候振荡塑造了智利中部球状仙人掌科(Eriosyce sect.智利中部的Neoporteria仙人掌。
IF 3.6 2区 生物学 Q1 PLANT SCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-10-30 DOI: 10.1093/aob/mcae087
Beatriz M Meriño, Heidy M Villalobos-Barrantes, Pablo C Guerrero

Background and aims: Pleistocene climatic oscillations, characterized by arid (interglacial) and pluvial (glacial) phases, have profoundly impacted the floras of Mediterranean climates. Our study investigates the hypothesis that these climatic extremes have promoted phases of range expansion and contraction in the Eriosyce sect. Neoporteria, resulting in pronounced genetic structuring and restricted gene flow.

Methods: Using nuclear microsatellite markers, we genotyped 251 individuals across 18 populations, encompassing all 14 species and one subspecies within the Eriosyce sect. Neoporteria. Additionally, species distribution models were used to reconstruct past (Last Interglacial, Last Glacial Maximum and Mid-Holocene) and current potential distribution patterns, aiming to delineate the climatic influences on species range dynamics.

Key results: The gene flow analysis disclosed disparate levels of genetic interchange among species, with marked restrictions observed between entities that are geographically or ecologically separated. Notably, Eriosyce subgibbosa from Hualpen emerged as genetically distinct, warranting its exclusion for clearer genetic clustering into north, central and south clusters. The species distribution models corroborated these findings, showing marked range expansions during warmer periods and contractions during colder times, indicating significant shifts in distribution patterns in response to climatic changes.

Conclusions: Our findings emphasize the critical role of Pleistocene climatic fluctuations in driving the dynamic patterns of range expansions and contractions that have led to geographical isolation and speciation within the Eriosyce sect. Neoporteria. Even in the face of ongoing gene flow, these climate-driven processes have played a pivotal role in sculpting the genetic architecture and diversity of species. This study elucidates the complex interplay between climatic variability and evolutionary dynamics among mediterranean cacti in central Chile, highlighting the necessity of considering historical climatic millennial oscillations in conservation and evolutionary biology studies.

背景和目的:更新世气候振荡的特点是干旱(间冰期)和冲积(冰川期)阶段,对地中海气候的植物区系产生了深远影响。我们的研究提出了一个假设,即这些极端气候促进了 Eriosyce 科(Eriosyce sect.方法:方法:利用核微卫星标记,我们对 18 个种群中的 251 个个体进行了基因分型,涵盖了 Eriosyce 科的所有 14 个种和一个亚种。Neoporteria。此外,我们还利用物种分布模型(SDMs)重建了过去(末次冰期、末次冰期最盛时期、全新世中期)和当前的潜在分布模式,旨在确定气候对物种分布动态的影响:基因流分析揭示了物种之间不同程度的基因交流,在地理或生态上分离的物种之间存在明显的限制。值得注意的是,来自 Hualpen 的 E. subgibbosa 在基因上与众不同,因此应将其排除在外,以便更清晰地将其基因聚类为北部、中部和南部聚类。SDMs 证实了这些发现,表明在气候较暖的时期,其分布范围明显扩大,而在气候较冷的时期,其分布范围明显缩小,这表明其分布模式随着气候的变化而发生了显著的变化:结论:我们的发现强调了更新世气候波动在推动范围扩张和收缩的动态模式中的关键作用,这种动态模式导致了 Eriosyce 科内的地理隔离和物种分化。新近纪即使在基因不断流动的情况下,这些气候驱动的过程也在物种遗传结构和多样性的形成过程中发挥了关键作用。这项研究阐明了智利中部地中海仙人掌植物中气候变异与进化动态之间复杂的相互作用,强调了在保护和进化生物学研究中考虑历史气候千年振荡的必要性。
{"title":"Pleistocene climate oscillations have shaped the expansion and contraction speciation model of the globose Eriosyce sect. Neoporteria cacti in Central Chile.","authors":"Beatriz M Meriño, Heidy M Villalobos-Barrantes, Pablo C Guerrero","doi":"10.1093/aob/mcae087","DOIUrl":"10.1093/aob/mcae087","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and aims: </strong>Pleistocene climatic oscillations, characterized by arid (interglacial) and pluvial (glacial) phases, have profoundly impacted the floras of Mediterranean climates. Our study investigates the hypothesis that these climatic extremes have promoted phases of range expansion and contraction in the Eriosyce sect. Neoporteria, resulting in pronounced genetic structuring and restricted gene flow.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Using nuclear microsatellite markers, we genotyped 251 individuals across 18 populations, encompassing all 14 species and one subspecies within the Eriosyce sect. Neoporteria. Additionally, species distribution models were used to reconstruct past (Last Interglacial, Last Glacial Maximum and Mid-Holocene) and current potential distribution patterns, aiming to delineate the climatic influences on species range dynamics.</p><p><strong>Key results: </strong>The gene flow analysis disclosed disparate levels of genetic interchange among species, with marked restrictions observed between entities that are geographically or ecologically separated. Notably, Eriosyce subgibbosa from Hualpen emerged as genetically distinct, warranting its exclusion for clearer genetic clustering into north, central and south clusters. The species distribution models corroborated these findings, showing marked range expansions during warmer periods and contractions during colder times, indicating significant shifts in distribution patterns in response to climatic changes.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Our findings emphasize the critical role of Pleistocene climatic fluctuations in driving the dynamic patterns of range expansions and contractions that have led to geographical isolation and speciation within the Eriosyce sect. Neoporteria. Even in the face of ongoing gene flow, these climate-driven processes have played a pivotal role in sculpting the genetic architecture and diversity of species. This study elucidates the complex interplay between climatic variability and evolutionary dynamics among mediterranean cacti in central Chile, highlighting the necessity of considering historical climatic millennial oscillations in conservation and evolutionary biology studies.</p>","PeriodicalId":8023,"journal":{"name":"Annals of botany","volume":" ","pages":"651-664"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2024-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11523624/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141185716","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
When is lethal deceptive pollination maintained? A population dynamics approach. 何时维持致命的欺骗性授粉?种群动力学方法
IF 3.6 2区 生物学 Q1 PLANT SCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-10-30 DOI: 10.1093/aob/mcae108
Takefumi Nakazawa, Tetsuya K Matsumoto, Koki R Katsuhara

Background and aims: Not all plant-pollinator interactions are mutualistic, and in fact deceptive pollination systems are widespread in nature. The genus Arisaema has a pollination system known as lethal deceptive pollination, in which plants not only attract pollinating insects without providing any rewards, but also trap them until they die. Many Arisaema species are endangered from various disturbances, including reduction in forest habitat, modification of the forest understorey owing to increasing deer abundance, and plant theft for horticultural cultivation. We aimed to theoretically investigate how lethal deceptive pollination can be maintained from a demographic perspective and how plant and pollinator populations respond to different types of disturbance.

Methods: We developed and analysed a mathematical model to describe the population dynamics of a deceptive plant species and its victim pollinator. Calibrating the model based on empirical data, we assessed the conditions under which plants and pollinators could coexist, while manipulating relevant key parameters.

Key results: The model exhibited qualitatively distinct behaviours depending on certain parameters. The plant becomes extinct when it has a low capability for vegetative reproduction and slow transition from male to female, and plant-insect co-extinction occurs especially when the plant is highly attractive to male insects. Increasing deer abundance has both positive and negative effects because of removal of other competitive plants and diminishing pollinators, respectively. Theft for horticultural cultivation can readily threaten plants whether male or female plants are frequently collected. The impact of forest habitat reduction may be limited compared with that of other disturbance types.

Conclusions: Our results have emphasized that the demographic vulnerability of lethal deceptive pollination systems would differ qualitatively from that of general mutualistic pollination systems. It is therefore important to consider the demographics of both victim pollinators and deceptive plants to estimate how endangered Arisaema populations respond to various disturbances.

背景与目的并非所有植物与授粉昆虫之间的相互作用都是互利的,事实上,欺骗性授粉系统在自然界中非常普遍。阿里莎草属(Arisaema)的授粉系统被称为致命的欺骗性授粉,在这种授粉系统中,植物不仅能吸引授粉昆虫而不提供任何回报,而且还能诱捕昆虫直至其死亡。由于受到各种干扰,包括森林栖息地减少、鹿数量增加导致林下植被改变以及植物被盗用于园艺栽培,许多 Arisaema 物种濒临灭绝。我们旨在从理论上研究如何从人口学角度维持致命的欺骗性授粉,以及植物和授粉者种群如何应对不同类型的干扰:我们建立并分析了一个数学模型,用于描述欺骗性植物物种及其受害授粉者的种群动态。根据经验数据对模型进行校准,我们评估了植物和传粉昆虫共存的条件,同时操纵了相关的关键参数:主要结果:根据某些参数的不同,模型表现出截然不同的行为。当植物的无性繁殖能力较低且从雄性向雌性过渡较慢时,植物就会灭绝;当植物对雄性昆虫具有较强吸引力时,植物与昆虫的共存灭绝就会发生。鹿数量的增加既有正面影响,也有负面影响,因为其他竞争植物会被移除,授粉昆虫也会减少。园艺栽培中的偷盗行为很容易威胁到植物,不管是雄株还是雌株都会经常被采集。与其他干扰类型相比,森林栖息地减少的影响可能有限:我们的研究结果表明,致命的欺骗性授粉系统与一般的互利性授粉系统在人口脆弱性方面存在本质区别。因此,必须考虑受害授粉者和欺骗性植物的人口统计学特征,以估计濒危亚里莎草种群如何应对各种干扰。
{"title":"When is lethal deceptive pollination maintained? A population dynamics approach.","authors":"Takefumi Nakazawa, Tetsuya K Matsumoto, Koki R Katsuhara","doi":"10.1093/aob/mcae108","DOIUrl":"10.1093/aob/mcae108","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and aims: </strong>Not all plant-pollinator interactions are mutualistic, and in fact deceptive pollination systems are widespread in nature. The genus Arisaema has a pollination system known as lethal deceptive pollination, in which plants not only attract pollinating insects without providing any rewards, but also trap them until they die. Many Arisaema species are endangered from various disturbances, including reduction in forest habitat, modification of the forest understorey owing to increasing deer abundance, and plant theft for horticultural cultivation. We aimed to theoretically investigate how lethal deceptive pollination can be maintained from a demographic perspective and how plant and pollinator populations respond to different types of disturbance.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We developed and analysed a mathematical model to describe the population dynamics of a deceptive plant species and its victim pollinator. Calibrating the model based on empirical data, we assessed the conditions under which plants and pollinators could coexist, while manipulating relevant key parameters.</p><p><strong>Key results: </strong>The model exhibited qualitatively distinct behaviours depending on certain parameters. The plant becomes extinct when it has a low capability for vegetative reproduction and slow transition from male to female, and plant-insect co-extinction occurs especially when the plant is highly attractive to male insects. Increasing deer abundance has both positive and negative effects because of removal of other competitive plants and diminishing pollinators, respectively. Theft for horticultural cultivation can readily threaten plants whether male or female plants are frequently collected. The impact of forest habitat reduction may be limited compared with that of other disturbance types.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Our results have emphasized that the demographic vulnerability of lethal deceptive pollination systems would differ qualitatively from that of general mutualistic pollination systems. It is therefore important to consider the demographics of both victim pollinators and deceptive plants to estimate how endangered Arisaema populations respond to various disturbances.</p>","PeriodicalId":8023,"journal":{"name":"Annals of botany","volume":" ","pages":"665-682"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2024-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11523630/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141873981","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Correction to: Three-dimensional image analysis specifies the root distribution for drought avoidance in the early growth stage of rice. 更正:三维图像分析确定了水稻生长初期根系分布以避免干旱
IF 3.6 2区 生物学 Q1 PLANT SCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-10-30 DOI: 10.1093/aob/mcae159
{"title":"Correction to: Three-dimensional image analysis specifies the root distribution for drought avoidance in the early growth stage of rice.","authors":"","doi":"10.1093/aob/mcae159","DOIUrl":"10.1093/aob/mcae159","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":8023,"journal":{"name":"Annals of botany","volume":" ","pages":"699"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2024-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11639158/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142279678","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Strategies of flowering plants to avoid pollen collection by undesirable flower visitors. A commentary on 'High toxin concentration in pollen may deter collection by bees in butterfly-pollinated Rhododendron molle'. 开花植物避免不受欢迎的访花者采集花粉的策略。关于 "花粉中的高浓度毒素可能会阻止蜜蜂采集蝴蝶授粉杜鹃花的花粉 "的评论。
IF 3.6 2区 生物学 Q1 PLANT SCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-10-30 DOI: 10.1093/aob/mcae088
Fabian A Ruedenauer
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引用次数: 0
Seasonal variation of vessel pits in sapwood: microscopical analyses of the morphology and chemical components of pit membrane encrustations in Fraxinus mandschurica. 边材血管凹坑的季节性变化:梣树凹坑膜包壳形态和化学成分的显微分析。
IF 3.6 2区 生物学 Q1 PLANT SCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-10-30 DOI: 10.1093/aob/mcae113
Shohei Yamagishi, Miho Kojima, Katsushi Kuroda, Hisashi Abe, Yuzou Sano

Background and aims: Pit pairs and their filter-like partition, i.e. pit membranes, play important roles as water pathways, barriers and regulators in the water-conducting system of angiosperms. In Fraxinus species, the intervessel and vessel-parenchyma pit membranes in sapwood are normally encrusted during winter. Although these encrustations inevitably influence the performance of pits, their properties and functions remain unclear. This study aimed to reveal the morphological and chemical characteristics of encrustations in F. mandshurica in order to deepen understanding of the seasonal encrustation of pit membranes.

Methods: Seasonal and positional variations in the presence and morphology of encrustations were examined by field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM). Cryo-FE-SEM for freeze-fixed greenwood samples was conducted to clarify whether encrustations were present in living trees. Chemical components were examined by histochemical staining using light and electron microscopy, immunofluorescence labelling and ultraviolet microspectroscopy.

Key results: Encrustations began to deposit in autumn before leaf senescence and disappeared in spring before bud flushing. They infiltrated within the pit membranes, which suggested that they severely limit the permeation of pits. The encrustations differed in morphology among positions: they entirely filled the pit chambers in latewood, while they covered the pit membranes in earlywood. The encrustations were similarly observed in the samples that were freeze-fixed immediately after collection, indicating that they are present in living trees. The encrustations contained polysaccharides, including xyloglucan and homogalacturonan, and phenolic compounds, possibly including flavonoids and coumarins. These chemical components were also detected in droplets found in the latewood vessels with the encrustations, suggesting that the materials constituting encrustations were supplied through the vessel lumens.

Conclusions: Encrustations undoubtedly cover the pit membranes in living F. mandshurica trees in winter and their morphology and chemical composition indicate that they are impermeable, have positional differences in function and are characterized by elaborate deposition/removal processes.

背景和目的:坑对及其过滤状分区(即坑膜)在被子植物的导水系统中发挥着重要的水通道、屏障和调节作用。在 Fraxinus 树种中,边材的血管间和血管-皮层坑膜在冬季通常会被包覆。虽然这些包壳不可避免地会影响凹坑的性能,但它们的特性和功能仍不清楚。本研究旨在揭示 F. mandshurica 的包壳形态和化学特征,以加深对坑膜季节性包壳的理解:方法:利用场发射扫描电子显微镜(FE-SEM)研究了包壳的存在和形态的季节和位置变化。对冷冻固定的绿化树样本进行了低温场发射扫描电子显微镜(Cryo-FE-SEM)检查,以明确活树中是否存在包壳。利用光显微镜和电子显微镜进行组织化学染色、免疫荧光标记和紫外显微光谱检查化学成分:主要结果:包壳在秋季叶片衰老前开始沉积,在春季新芽萌动前消失。它们渗入坑膜内部,这表明它们严重限制了坑的渗透。不同位置的包壳形态各异:晚木的包壳完全填满了坑室,而早木的包壳则覆盖了坑膜。在采集后立即冷冻固定的样本中也观察到了类似的包壳,这表明它们存在于活体树木中。包壳中含有多糖(包括木聚糖和同聚半乳糖醛酸)和酚类化合物(可能包括类黄酮和香豆素)。在带有包壳的晚材器皿中发现的液滴中也检测到了这些化学成分,这表明构成包壳的物质是通过器皿内腔供应的:结论:包壳无疑在冬季覆盖着活着的枫香树的坑膜,其形态和化学成分表明它们是不透水的,在功能上存在位置差异,并具有复杂的沉积/去除过程。
{"title":"Seasonal variation of vessel pits in sapwood: microscopical analyses of the morphology and chemical components of pit membrane encrustations in Fraxinus mandschurica.","authors":"Shohei Yamagishi, Miho Kojima, Katsushi Kuroda, Hisashi Abe, Yuzou Sano","doi":"10.1093/aob/mcae113","DOIUrl":"10.1093/aob/mcae113","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and aims: </strong>Pit pairs and their filter-like partition, i.e. pit membranes, play important roles as water pathways, barriers and regulators in the water-conducting system of angiosperms. In Fraxinus species, the intervessel and vessel-parenchyma pit membranes in sapwood are normally encrusted during winter. Although these encrustations inevitably influence the performance of pits, their properties and functions remain unclear. This study aimed to reveal the morphological and chemical characteristics of encrustations in F. mandshurica in order to deepen understanding of the seasonal encrustation of pit membranes.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Seasonal and positional variations in the presence and morphology of encrustations were examined by field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM). Cryo-FE-SEM for freeze-fixed greenwood samples was conducted to clarify whether encrustations were present in living trees. Chemical components were examined by histochemical staining using light and electron microscopy, immunofluorescence labelling and ultraviolet microspectroscopy.</p><p><strong>Key results: </strong>Encrustations began to deposit in autumn before leaf senescence and disappeared in spring before bud flushing. They infiltrated within the pit membranes, which suggested that they severely limit the permeation of pits. The encrustations differed in morphology among positions: they entirely filled the pit chambers in latewood, while they covered the pit membranes in earlywood. The encrustations were similarly observed in the samples that were freeze-fixed immediately after collection, indicating that they are present in living trees. The encrustations contained polysaccharides, including xyloglucan and homogalacturonan, and phenolic compounds, possibly including flavonoids and coumarins. These chemical components were also detected in droplets found in the latewood vessels with the encrustations, suggesting that the materials constituting encrustations were supplied through the vessel lumens.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Encrustations undoubtedly cover the pit membranes in living F. mandshurica trees in winter and their morphology and chemical composition indicate that they are impermeable, have positional differences in function and are characterized by elaborate deposition/removal processes.</p>","PeriodicalId":8023,"journal":{"name":"Annals of botany","volume":" ","pages":"561-576"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2024-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11523616/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141756726","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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Annals of botany
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