Annals of Medicine and Surgery最新文献

Introduction: The simultaneous occurrence of intracranial aneurysms (IA) and primary brain tumors (BT) is frequently reported, with an estimated incidence of 0.5-7.4%. Among the tumor types associated with IA, pituitary adenomas (PA) are the most prevalent.

Methods: The authors selected articles, published from 1960 to December 2023, on the Medline, Embase, Scopus, Cochrane Library, and Web of Science databases. The extraction form contains information specific to the aneurysm and tumor, rupture of the aneurysm, treatment proposal for both and order of treatment and outcome.

Results: The study evaluated 118 patients from 25 articles. The most frequent types of tumors were non-functioning hormone (NFA) producers, present in 45.8% (n=54) of the cases, and growth hormone (GH) secretors, which represent 23.0% (n=27) of the cases. The main treatment used was surgery, with subtotal resection (STR) performed in 4.2% (n=5) of cases, gross total resection (GTR) in 3.4% (n=4), and transsphenoidal resection (TSR) in 7.6% (n=9). 16.0% (n=19) of patients had two or more aneurysms concomitant with the adenoma. IA treatment was performed before PA surgery in 25 patients (21.2%) and 15 patients received simultaneous treatment to IA and PA (12.7%).

Conclusion: Patients with PAs have a considerable prevalence of IAs. Hormonal imbalances and mechanical changes induced by tumor growth, particularly influenced by GH and IGF-1, contribute to this coexistence. Surgical intervention is common, requiring meticulous precautions to avoid complications. More longitudinal studies including close follow-up with a description of outcomes are necessary to guide treatment protocols for this condition.

The objective of the study was to demonstrate whether athletes, players, boxers and military personnel can really be victims of Chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE), and to elucidate this pathology. In 53 articles, 14 were selected for qualitative synthesis in the results table that addresses CTE in football, soccer and rugby players, boxers and the military. Neuropathologically, CTE shows cerebral atrophy, a pelvic septum cavity with fenestrations, dense diffuse immunoreactive inclusions and a TDP-43 proteinopathy. Microscopically, there are extensive neurofibrillary tangles and spindle-shaped neurites throughout the brain. Thus, CTE is characterized by being a distinct tauopathy and with a clear environmental etiology. American football players, boxers and the military are more likely to trigger CET, due to the constant mechanical shocks from their heads. The most frequent clinical manifestations were: headache, aggressiveness, dementia, executive dysfunction and suicide. CET is definitely diagnosed only at autopsy, there is no specific treatment for it, but support and safety measures can help the patient. Advances to definitively diagnose CTE in living people and specific treatment for this disease are needed.

Introduction: Stump appendicitis is a rare complication of appendectomy in which residual appendiceal tissue becomes inflamed, mimicking acute appendicitis. This case report highlights the classic clinical presentation, diagnosis, and management of stump appendicitis.

Case presentation: A 61-year-old male presented with abdominal pain and a past history of open appendectomy performed 4 years prior. Clinical examination, laboratory, and radiological findings were highly suggestive of stump appendicitis. Surgical exploration confirmed an inflamed appendiceal stump, which was resected, and the patient had an uneventful recovery postoperatively.

Discussion: Stump appendicitis is a rare but important differential diagnosis in patients with a history of appendectomy who present with acute abdominal pain. Delayed diagnosis can result in complications such as perforation and peritonitis. Imaging plays a crucial role in diagnosis, and surgical resection, typically performed through open-completion appendectomy, remains the treatment of choice.

Conclusion: Although stump appendicitis is rare, it should always be considered in patients with a prior appendectomy who present with acute abdomen. Early recognition and prompt surgical intervention are essential to prevent morbidity and mortality.

Background and importance: With a 0.2-1% incidence, spinal hydatid disease is a very uncommon diagnosis. While it is uncommon in affluent nations, it should be taken into account when making a differential diagnosis for spinal cord compression syndrome, particularly in regions where it is prevalent.

Case presentation: The authors report a case of hydatid illness of the spine. A 52-year-old man presented with lower extremity discomfort and spastic paraparesis, trouble urinating, and back pain and edema. He had at the level of the 12th thoracic to third lumbar vertebrae (Th12-L3) with paraspinal extension. The patient was treated with 4 months of antiparasitic therapy and two surgical resections performed by general surgeons. Histological analysis showed pieces of fibrous tissue exhibiting granulomatous inflammation; however, no evidence of acid-resistant bacteria or PAS-positive chitin membrane was found. The existence of bacteria following therapy has not been confirmed by the parasitological investigation of the lesions.

Clinical discussion: Primary spinal hydrodatidosis is a rare condition that affects about 0.2-1% of the population.

Conclusion: Due to the rarity of this disease, early discovery and timely treatment are critical, and this diagnosis should be considered when generating a differential diagnosis for spinal cord compression syndrome.

Introduction and importance: This case report is a clinical diagnosis walk through of a rare subtype of multiple sclerosis (MS). It gives an overview of how tumefactive multiple sclerosis (TMS) is systematically narrowed down as the definitive diagnosis.

Case presentation: This 29-year-old male patient presented to the emergency department. He collapsed after experiencing pain over his right frontotemporal region followed by a seizure witnessed by his family. Magnetic Resonance Imaging of the brain displayed diffuse enlargement and abnormal T2 weighted and FLAIR hyperintense signals in the diagnostic impressions described by the radiologist of the right temporoparietal region.

Clinical discussion: Liquefactive multiple sclerosis, also known as tumefactive multiple sclerosis or Marburg-type multiple sclerosis, is a rare subtype of the neurological disorder that can be difficult to diagnose. Unlike the traditional form of MS, TMS can present as a brain tumor and must be diagnosed with a biopsy rather than via MRI and clinical findings alone. Patients can typically present with headache, cognitive abnormalities, mental confusion, aphasia, apraxia, seizures, and weakness. Here, the authors discuss the presentation, disease diagnosis process and patient management.

Conclusion: The patient was stabilized and discharged with a referral to the neurosurgery and neurology departments for outpatient consultation for future clinical management and treatment of their condition.

Background: The development of second primary cancers (SPCs) following a diagnosis of stomach cancer presents a significant clinical challenge, with varying risks depending on the anatomic subsite of the primary tumor, patient demographics, and treatment modalities. This study aims to assess the risk of SPCs in stomach cancer survivors, focusing on differences across anatomic subsites, sex, age, and treatment periods.

Methods: The authors conducted a retrospective cohort study using data from stomach cancer patients, analyzing the incidence of SPCs based on the anatomic location of the primary tumor, with stratifications by sex, age, latency period, and year of diagnosis. Standardized incidence ratios (SIRs) were calculated to compare the observed SPC rates with those expected in the general population.

Results: Elevated stomach SPC risk was observed across most anatomic subsites, particularly in the body (SIR 8.84) and fundus (SIR 7.34). Females exhibited higher SIRs compared to males, especially in the fundus (SIR 13.33 for females vs. 4.55 for males). Younger patients (<50 years) had significantly higher SPC risks, particularly for cancers originating in the fundus (SIR 49.56). Notably, patients diagnosed after 2010 showed the highest SIRs, indicating a potential impact of advances in diagnostic and therapeutic modalities. Nonstomach SPCs, including colorectal, lung, and thyroid cancers, were significantly elevated, with distinct patterns based on the primary tumor site.

Conclusions: The study highlights the critical role of primary tumor location, sex, age, and treatment era in determining SPC risk in stomach cancer survivors. These findings underscore the need for tailored surveillance strategies to manage long-term cancer risks in this population.

Introduction and importance: A carotid-cavernous sinus fistula is an abnormal connection between the internal or external carotid artery and the venous system of the cavernous sinus. It represents a rare entity, and it is often misdiagnosed due to its overlapping symptoms with other conditions such as cavernous sinus thrombosis or orbital inflammation. Cerebral angiography continues to be the gold standard for diagnosis and surgical planning in patients with CCF, and the endovascular trans-venous approach still represents the primary line of treatment. Trans-arterial technique has become an excellent treatment option since the advent of embolic agents.

Case presentation: Here, the authors report the case of a 42-year-old male with a one-week history of impaired visual acuity, bilateral eye edema, eye redness, and ophthalmoplegia. A neuro-ophthalmological examination found proptosis, conjunctival chemosis, and sclera injection. Examination using MR venography and digital subtraction angiography (DSA) revealed an abnormal connection between the meningeal branch of the ICA, the ECA, and the cavernous sinus. The patient received endovascular treatment with Onyx injection into the facial vein with thrombosis of the anterior cavernous sinus. The patient presented an uneventful postoperative period and was symptoms-free on postoperative day 1.

Clinical discussion: CCF are rare and challenging conditions that require a multidisciplinary approach.

Conclusion: The endovascular treatment represents the gold standard and usually allows an effective interruption of the abnormal vascular connection with an almost immediate resolution of the preoperative signs and symptoms.

Background: The prevalence of obesity is increasing worldwide, with several consequences, including reduced fertility in both men and women. One of the ways to reduce weight is bariatric surgery. The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis study was to evaluate the effectiveness of bariatric surgery on weight loss and subsequent improvement of fertility in obese infertile women.

Methods: Several databases were searched using MESH terms to investigate the studies that evaluated the fertility rates after bariatric surgery in infertile obese women. Related data were obtained and analyzed using Stata software with a P-value ≤0.05, which was considered as significant.

Results: Of the 283 articles related to the purpose of this study, 9 articles, including 231 obese infertile women, were included in the study. BMI before surgery was 42.2 [95% CI= 39.2-45.2] and BMI after surgery was 31.9 (95% CI= 28.9-34.8), which shows the significance of weight loss after bariatric surgery. Conception rate after bariatric surgery weight loss was increased and was 67% (95% CI= 47-87%, P-value <0.05).

Conclusions: Bariatric surgery had a significant effect on the reduction of BMI and subsequent significant improvement of fertility in obese infertile women.

Introduction and importance: Urethral duplication is an uncommon urogenital congenital disability that presents as an accessory urethra in an atypical location. This condition is often coupled with other congenital anomalies like bladder exstrophy, pseudohermaphroditism, and renal disorders.

Case presentation: The authors report a case of a female infant aged 8 months with urethral duplication, showing an unusual urinary opening in the prepubic area and urinary discharge. A comprehensive diagnostic assessment, consisting of a clinical exam, imaging tests, and cystoscopy, verified the existence of an accessory urethra and the normal one in epispadias. The patient had a successful surgery to remove the accessory tract with primary closure.

Clinical discussion: Urethral duplication is associated with diverse clinical signs and symptoms. Accurate diagnosis needs thorough imaging studies, and treatment should be tailored according to the type and anatomical location of the accessory tract.

Conclusion: The histological confirmation of urethral duplication was obtained following the surgical excision of the additional tract. This case underscores the significance of accurate diagnosis and treatment approaches to manage this case.