Pub Date : 2002-01-01DOI: 10.2143/ANES.39.0.501773
A. Betts, S. Helms, G. Khozhaniyazou, M. Negus, V. Yagodin
From about the 7 t h /6 t h centuries BC ancient Chorasmia was located south of the Aral Sea, in the delta of the Classical Oxus River (mod. Amu-dar'ya). To the north lay the Inner Asian steppe (now Kazakhstan), to the west the cliffs of the inhospitable Ustiurt Plateau (further west, the Caspian Sea), to the east the delta of the Classical Jaxartes (mod. S'ir-dar'ya), and to the south two deserts, the Kara-kum and Kz'il-kum which separated Chorasmia from Margiana and Sogdiana. Its geographical isolation form the "civilsed" ancient Indo-Iranian world resulted in virtually independent cultural development for much of its early history and, later on, after the devastation caused by the Mongols and particularly Timur, remarkable preservation of pre-Islamic monuments the like of which cannot be found anywhere else in Central Asia. Long before archaeological explorations began, Chorasmia was known from Persian and Greek texts as a province (satrapy) of the Achaemenid Persian empire; it also stands as the possible area of the "Aryan Expanse" of the Avesta, as the best land created by Ahura Mazda and therefore of signal importance regarding the early stages of the Zoroastrian faith. By the time of Alexander the Great Chorasmia was independent and had a king. This is the last textual mention of Chorasmia until the early medieval period, although it may have had relations with the Kushan empire at least from the 2 n d century AD onward. Exploration began in the I930s under the leadership of S. P. Tolstov who founded the Chorasmian Archaeological Expedition whose work continued up to the collapse of the Soviet Union in I991. Since I995 the University of Sydney Central Asian Programme (USCAP) and the Karakalpak Branch of the Uzbek Academy of Sciences have conducted excavations in eastern Chorasmia, at two key sites: Kazakl'i-yatkan (Akcha-khani-kalesi), a heavily fortified site (Rus. gorodishche) which may have been one of the sacral centres of ancient Chorasmia; and at Tash-kirman-tepe, one of the earliest, undisputed (Zoroastrian) fire temples yet discovered. Both sites may date back to the early 4 t h century BC and some standing remains may be even more ancient. Both sites were abandoned during the Kushan period after about the 2 n d century AD.
{"title":"The Karakalpak-Australian Excavations in Ancient Chorasmia: the Northern Fromtier of the 'Civilised' Ancient World","authors":"A. Betts, S. Helms, G. Khozhaniyazou, M. Negus, V. Yagodin","doi":"10.2143/ANES.39.0.501773","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2143/ANES.39.0.501773","url":null,"abstract":"From about the 7 t h /6 t h centuries BC ancient Chorasmia was located south of the Aral Sea, in the delta of the Classical Oxus River (mod. Amu-dar'ya). To the north lay the Inner Asian steppe (now Kazakhstan), to the west the cliffs of the inhospitable Ustiurt Plateau (further west, the Caspian Sea), to the east the delta of the Classical Jaxartes (mod. S'ir-dar'ya), and to the south two deserts, the Kara-kum and Kz'il-kum which separated Chorasmia from Margiana and Sogdiana. Its geographical isolation form the \"civilsed\" ancient Indo-Iranian world resulted in virtually independent cultural development for much of its early history and, later on, after the devastation caused by the Mongols and particularly Timur, remarkable preservation of pre-Islamic monuments the like of which cannot be found anywhere else in Central Asia. Long before archaeological explorations began, Chorasmia was known from Persian and Greek texts as a province (satrapy) of the Achaemenid Persian empire; it also stands as the possible area of the \"Aryan Expanse\" of the Avesta, as the best land created by Ahura Mazda and therefore of signal importance regarding the early stages of the Zoroastrian faith. By the time of Alexander the Great Chorasmia was independent and had a king. This is the last textual mention of Chorasmia until the early medieval period, although it may have had relations with the Kushan empire at least from the 2 n d century AD onward. Exploration began in the I930s under the leadership of S. P. Tolstov who founded the Chorasmian Archaeological Expedition whose work continued up to the collapse of the Soviet Union in I991. Since I995 the University of Sydney Central Asian Programme (USCAP) and the Karakalpak Branch of the Uzbek Academy of Sciences have conducted excavations in eastern Chorasmia, at two key sites: Kazakl'i-yatkan (Akcha-khani-kalesi), a heavily fortified site (Rus. gorodishche) which may have been one of the sacral centres of ancient Chorasmia; and at Tash-kirman-tepe, one of the earliest, undisputed (Zoroastrian) fire temples yet discovered. Both sites may date back to the early 4 t h century BC and some standing remains may be even more ancient. Both sites were abandoned during the Kushan period after about the 2 n d century AD.","PeriodicalId":80328,"journal":{"name":"Abr-Nahrain : an annual under the auspices of the Department of Semitic Studies, University of Melbourne","volume":"39 1","pages":"3-43"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2002-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2143/ANES.39.0.501773","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67814234","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2002-01-01DOI: 10.2143/ANES.39.0.501781
K. Sindawi
The article discusses the dreams that appear in the Shiite maqātil literature, especially the dreams of Husayn Ibn 'Alī and of his family, as well as those of other persons who accompanied him on his journey from the city of Mecca to Karbalā', where he met his death. The functions that these dreams fulfill are considered, especially the dreams of Husayn Ibn 'Alī. They show him events that are still to happen, and they reveal his preordained fate being killed in the battle of Karbalā'. Each dream is described separately, and classified according to content as a verbal or a symbolic dream, and according to the time and place it occurred. The article attempts to show that the dreams in the maqātil literature, like dreams in classical Islamic literature, have the power of showing the future, so much so that at times they may change the course of history.
{"title":"The dreams of Husayn Ibn 'Alī and his family in Shī'ite Maqātil literature","authors":"K. Sindawi","doi":"10.2143/ANES.39.0.501781","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2143/ANES.39.0.501781","url":null,"abstract":"The article discusses the dreams that appear in the Shiite maqātil literature, especially the dreams of Husayn Ibn 'Alī and of his family, as well as those of other persons who accompanied him on his journey from the city of Mecca to Karbalā', where he met his death. The functions that these dreams fulfill are considered, especially the dreams of Husayn Ibn 'Alī. They show him events that are still to happen, and they reveal his preordained fate being killed in the battle of Karbalā'. Each dream is described separately, and classified according to content as a verbal or a symbolic dream, and according to the time and place it occurred. The article attempts to show that the dreams in the maqātil literature, like dreams in classical Islamic literature, have the power of showing the future, so much so that at times they may change the course of history.","PeriodicalId":80328,"journal":{"name":"Abr-Nahrain : an annual under the auspices of the Department of Semitic Studies, University of Melbourne","volume":"39 1","pages":"182-200"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2002-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2143/ANES.39.0.501781","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67815144","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2002-01-01DOI: 10.2143/ANES.39.0.501777
Serap Yaylalı
This paper examines the teapots recovered from the Early Bronze II, pithos burials at the site of Bakla Tepe in western Anatolia. Teapots provide information about the cultural and chronological affiliations of the site.The results of this study indicate that teapots constituted a special class of artifact associated with mortuary ritual, as most infant pithos burials of the Early Bronze II contained a single example. The presence of stylistically comparable teapots in various parts of Anatolia illustrates that the extent of cultural interactions within Anatolia during this period was far more complex than it has generally been assumed.
{"title":"Observations in the Teapots from Bakla Tepe, Western Anatolia","authors":"Serap Yaylalı","doi":"10.2143/ANES.39.0.501777","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2143/ANES.39.0.501777","url":null,"abstract":"This paper examines the teapots recovered from the Early Bronze II, pithos burials at the site of Bakla Tepe in western Anatolia. Teapots provide information about the cultural and chronological affiliations of the site.The results of this study indicate that teapots constituted a special class of artifact associated with mortuary ritual, as most infant pithos burials of the Early Bronze II contained a single example. The presence of stylistically comparable teapots in various parts of Anatolia illustrates that the extent of cultural interactions within Anatolia during this period was far more complex than it has generally been assumed.","PeriodicalId":80328,"journal":{"name":"Abr-Nahrain : an annual under the auspices of the Department of Semitic Studies, University of Melbourne","volume":"39 1","pages":"113-140"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2002-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2143/ANES.39.0.501777","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67815490","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2002-01-01DOI: 10.2143/ANES.39.0.501776
N. Vella
The location of the temple of Hercules in Malta has been one of the vexing questions of the island's antiquarian historiography. In this paper a review of the search for this temple is presented and an archaeological site chosen as a probable place of Ptolemy's temple of Hercules. It is argued that the identity of the site does not depend on a consideration of cartographic maps alone but on the perception and conceptualisation of space in Antiquity and the Renaissance.
{"title":"The Lie of the Land: Ptolemy's Temple of Hercules in Malta","authors":"N. Vella","doi":"10.2143/ANES.39.0.501776","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2143/ANES.39.0.501776","url":null,"abstract":"The location of the temple of Hercules in Malta has been one of the vexing questions of the island's antiquarian historiography. In this paper a review of the search for this temple is presented and an archaeological site chosen as a probable place of Ptolemy's temple of Hercules. It is argued that the identity of the site does not depend on a consideration of cartographic maps alone but on the perception and conceptualisation of space in Antiquity and the Renaissance.","PeriodicalId":80328,"journal":{"name":"Abr-Nahrain : an annual under the auspices of the Department of Semitic Studies, University of Melbourne","volume":"39 1","pages":"83-112"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2002-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2143/ANES.39.0.501776","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67815323","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2002-01-01DOI: 10.2143/ANES.39.0.501775
N. Na’aman
Among the consignments sent by Canaanite rulers to the Pharaoh were maidservants whose names are rendered by variant designations (EA 64, 268, 288, 30I, 309). Two Pharaonic letters sent to Canaanite vassals also mention a request for women (EA 99, 369). The article analyzes the contents of the seven letters that deal with the dispatch of maidservants, establishes the background of each dispatch and draws a general picture of the delivery of Canaanite women to the Pharaoh. The analysis supports the conclusion that the routine payments of tribute were left out of the correspondence. What we have are reports of irregular payments, sent either after a special request from the Pharaoh, or in an effort to gain the favor of the Pharaoh and his officials.
{"title":"Dispatching Canaanite maidservants to the Pharaoh","authors":"N. Na’aman","doi":"10.2143/ANES.39.0.501775","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2143/ANES.39.0.501775","url":null,"abstract":"Among the consignments sent by Canaanite rulers to the Pharaoh were maidservants whose names are rendered by variant designations (EA 64, 268, 288, 30I, 309). Two Pharaonic letters sent to Canaanite vassals also mention a request for women (EA 99, 369). The article analyzes the contents of the seven letters that deal with the dispatch of maidservants, establishes the background of each dispatch and draws a general picture of the delivery of Canaanite women to the Pharaoh. The analysis supports the conclusion that the routine payments of tribute were left out of the correspondence. What we have are reports of irregular payments, sent either after a special request from the Pharaoh, or in an effort to gain the favor of the Pharaoh and his officials.","PeriodicalId":80328,"journal":{"name":"Abr-Nahrain : an annual under the auspices of the Department of Semitic Studies, University of Melbourne","volume":"39 1","pages":"76-82"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2002-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2143/ANES.39.0.501775","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67815200","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2002-01-01DOI: 10.2143/ANES.39.0.501780
Matthew J. Martin
The significance of the Theodotos inscription, discovered upon the Ophel in Jerusalem early last century, cannot be underestimated. It still remains our only piece of incontrovertible archaeological/epigraphical evidence for the existence of synagogues in pre-70 C. E. Jerusalem. It is, however, precisely the unique character of the Theodotos inscription which requires that heightened caution be exercised in its interpretation. In particular, the degree to which this inscription may be considered to be representative evidence for the first century synagogue in Jerusalem and Palestine must be carefully considered. In other words, it is necessary to ensure that that historical methodological commonplace, the necessity for close, contextual analysis, is carefully adhered to in any attempt to determine the significance of the Theodotos inscription for the reconstruction of first century Judaism.
{"title":"Interpreting the Theodotos inscription: Some reflections on a first century Jerusalem synagogue inscription and E. P. Sanders' 'common Judaism'.","authors":"Matthew J. Martin","doi":"10.2143/ANES.39.0.501780","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2143/ANES.39.0.501780","url":null,"abstract":"The significance of the Theodotos inscription, discovered upon the Ophel in Jerusalem early last century, cannot be underestimated. It still remains our only piece of incontrovertible archaeological/epigraphical evidence for the existence of synagogues in pre-70 C. E. Jerusalem. It is, however, precisely the unique character of the Theodotos inscription which requires that heightened caution be exercised in its interpretation. In particular, the degree to which this inscription may be considered to be representative evidence for the first century synagogue in Jerusalem and Palestine must be carefully considered. In other words, it is necessary to ensure that that historical methodological commonplace, the necessity for close, contextual analysis, is carefully adhered to in any attempt to determine the significance of the Theodotos inscription for the reconstruction of first century Judaism.","PeriodicalId":80328,"journal":{"name":"Abr-Nahrain : an annual under the auspices of the Department of Semitic Studies, University of Melbourne","volume":"39 1","pages":"160-181"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2002-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2143/ANES.39.0.501780","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67815664","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2002-01-01DOI: 10.2143/ANES.39.0.501774
A. F. Rainey
The ensuing remarks seek to elucidate some of the central issues in the study of the cuneiform texts discovered at Tell el-'Amârnah in Egypt. Progress in the study of the language, the social structure of Canaan at that time and certain historical problems will be reviewed. After an accidental find by a village woman in I887. Sir William Matthew Flinders Petrie was the first modern scholar to conduct archaeological excavations at the actual site. His work determined the probable spot where the tablets had been deposited when the ancient town was abandoned. Subsequently, Petrie articulated various interpretations of the evidence from the archaeological finds and also from the inscriptions. During the twentieth century, research was continued on all the many facets of these momentous discoveries. The focus in this paper is on the cuneiform epistles, the international and parochial correspondence that involved the Egyptian government.
{"title":"The 'Amârnah Texts a Century after Flinders Petrie","authors":"A. F. Rainey","doi":"10.2143/ANES.39.0.501774","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2143/ANES.39.0.501774","url":null,"abstract":"The ensuing remarks seek to elucidate some of the central issues in the study of the cuneiform texts discovered at Tell el-'Amârnah in Egypt. Progress in the study of the language, the social structure of Canaan at that time and certain historical problems will be reviewed. After an accidental find by a village woman in I887. Sir William Matthew Flinders Petrie was the first modern scholar to conduct archaeological excavations at the actual site. His work determined the probable spot where the tablets had been deposited when the ancient town was abandoned. Subsequently, Petrie articulated various interpretations of the evidence from the archaeological finds and also from the inscriptions. During the twentieth century, research was continued on all the many facets of these momentous discoveries. The focus in this paper is on the cuneiform epistles, the international and parochial correspondence that involved the Egyptian government.","PeriodicalId":80328,"journal":{"name":"Abr-Nahrain : an annual under the auspices of the Department of Semitic Studies, University of Melbourne","volume":"39 1","pages":"44-75"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2002-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2143/ANES.39.0.501774","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67815112","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This paper examines translation patterns for Biblical Hebrew nominal and verbal clauses in the Arabic translation of Saadya Gaon. The examination is based on three major versions (Derenbourg edition, Hasid edition, and Ms. St. Petersburg), but considers other versions as well (Ms. Add. 1008 held in Cambridge, Constantinople, London and Paris Polyglots, and Geniza fragments). Although the data reveals differences among the various versions, it is possible to trace consistent syntactical patterns of nominal and verbal clauses typical of Saadya's translation. These patterns shed light on the syntactical characteristics of Saadya's Arabic, and they reflect well the original Biblical Hebrew word order.
{"title":"Biblical Hebrew Word Order and Saadya Gaon's Translation of the Pentateuch","authors":"T. Zewi","doi":"10.2143/ANES.38.0.1092","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2143/ANES.38.0.1092","url":null,"abstract":"This paper examines translation patterns for Biblical Hebrew nominal and verbal clauses in the Arabic translation of Saadya Gaon. The examination is based on three major versions (Derenbourg edition, Hasid edition, and Ms. St. Petersburg), but considers other versions as well (Ms. Add. 1008 held in Cambridge, Constantinople, London and Paris Polyglots, and Geniza fragments). Although the data reveals differences among the various versions, it is possible to trace consistent syntactical patterns of nominal and verbal clauses typical of Saadya's translation. These patterns shed light on the syntactical characteristics of Saadya's Arabic, and they reflect well the original Biblical Hebrew word order.","PeriodicalId":80328,"journal":{"name":"Abr-Nahrain : an annual under the auspices of the Department of Semitic Studies, University of Melbourne","volume":"73 1","pages":"42-57"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2001-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2143/ANES.38.0.1092","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67811866","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Twenty years ago I proposed that the numerous cases of the pronouns 'tm, hm, -km and -hm with feminine dual antecedents, as well as the use of masculine verbs with feminine dual subjects, are evidence of the vestigial use of dual pronouns and verbs in Biblical Hebrew. In addition, I argued that the large concentration of such forms in P can be used as evidence for the early date of the Priestly source. Joshua Blau responded with an article arguing that these examples are not evidence for the dual, but rather are part of the larger picture of the drift for the masculine to replace the feminine in Hebrew and in other Semitic languages. More recently, Joseph Blenkinsopp wrote an article challenging my use of these dual forms for dating the Priestly source. The present article responds to both Blau and Blenkinsopp, adding the evidence of computer-aided analysis of Biblical Hebrew and presenting afresh the position that P is indeed pre-exilic.
{"title":"Once more the dual: With replies to J. Blau and J. Blenkinsopp","authors":"Gary A. Rendsburg","doi":"10.2143/ANES.38.0.1091","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2143/ANES.38.0.1091","url":null,"abstract":"Twenty years ago I proposed that the numerous cases of the pronouns 'tm, hm, -km and -hm with feminine dual antecedents, as well as the use of masculine verbs with feminine dual subjects, are evidence of the vestigial use of dual pronouns and verbs in Biblical Hebrew. In addition, I argued that the large concentration of such forms in P can be used as evidence for the early date of the Priestly source. Joshua Blau responded with an article arguing that these examples are not evidence for the dual, but rather are part of the larger picture of the drift for the masculine to replace the feminine in Hebrew and in other Semitic languages. More recently, Joseph Blenkinsopp wrote an article challenging my use of these dual forms for dating the Priestly source. The present article responds to both Blau and Blenkinsopp, adding the evidence of computer-aided analysis of Biblical Hebrew and presenting afresh the position that P is indeed pre-exilic.","PeriodicalId":80328,"journal":{"name":"Abr-Nahrain : an annual under the auspices of the Department of Semitic Studies, University of Melbourne","volume":"38 1","pages":"28-41"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2001-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2143/ANES.38.0.1091","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67811605","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"'Three of them' and 'The Three of Them' in Hebrew","authors":"T. Muraoka","doi":"10.2143/ANES.38.0.1099","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2143/ANES.38.0.1099","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":80328,"journal":{"name":"Abr-Nahrain : an annual under the auspices of the Department of Semitic Studies, University of Melbourne","volume":"38 1","pages":"215-216"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2001-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2143/ANES.38.0.1099","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67814098","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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