Pub Date : 1989-01-01DOI: 10.1080/08828032.1989.10389886
M. L. Shelley, M. Andersen, J. Fisher
Abstract A “rule-of-thumb” methodology is presented to assist in assessing risk to a nursing child due to the mother's occupational inhalation exposure. The method represents an example of the use of physiologically-based pharmacokinetic modeling using state-of-the-art computational techniques. A computer model is developed to describe distribution of nonmetabolized, inhaled contaminants into a mother/child system as a function of the contaminant's blood: air and octanol: water partition coefficients. Effective dose is calculated in terms of the area under the blood concentration vs. time curve of the exposure chemical. Since low partition values yield low risk for the nursing child and high values yield high risk, the model is exercised over a range of intermediate values (blood: air = [2, 25]; octanol: water = [100, 1500]). Results are thus applicable to chemicals for which the mother's dose is a strong factor in estimating the child's risk. The most notable observation is that, for the range of partiti...
{"title":"A Risk Assessment Approach for Nursing Infants Exposed to Volatile Organics through the Mother's Occupational Inhalation Exposure","authors":"M. L. Shelley, M. Andersen, J. Fisher","doi":"10.1080/08828032.1989.10389886","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/08828032.1989.10389886","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract A “rule-of-thumb” methodology is presented to assist in assessing risk to a nursing child due to the mother's occupational inhalation exposure. The method represents an example of the use of physiologically-based pharmacokinetic modeling using state-of-the-art computational techniques. A computer model is developed to describe distribution of nonmetabolized, inhaled contaminants into a mother/child system as a function of the contaminant's blood: air and octanol: water partition coefficients. Effective dose is calculated in terms of the area under the blood concentration vs. time curve of the exposure chemical. Since low partition values yield low risk for the nursing child and high values yield high risk, the model is exercised over a range of intermediate values (blood: air = [2, 25]; octanol: water = [100, 1500]). Results are thus applicable to chemicals for which the mother's dose is a strong factor in estimating the child's risk. The most notable observation is that, for the range of partiti...","PeriodicalId":8049,"journal":{"name":"Applied Industrial Hygiene","volume":"155 1","pages":"21-26"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1989-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86044668","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1989-01-01DOI: 10.1080/08828032.1989.10389870
T. Owens
{"title":"Occupational Health Data Analysis","authors":"T. Owens","doi":"10.1080/08828032.1989.10389870","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/08828032.1989.10389870","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":8049,"journal":{"name":"Applied Industrial Hygiene","volume":"20 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1989-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74590236","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1989-01-01DOI: 10.1080/08828032.1989.10389885
Dorothy D. Montgomery, D. Kalman
Abstract The intent of this study was to determine baseline air pollutant concentrations present in indoor environments in which occupants did not exhibit “sick building” symptoms. To accomplish this task, concentrations of particulate matter, formaldehyde, carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, and volatile organic compounds (VOCs) were determined at 17 residences in Ruston, Washington. All measurements were made inside and outside each home simultaneously, utilizing sampling techniques common within industrial hygiene, including impinger, Teflon® filter, air bag, and charcoal tube. Samples were analyzed using gravimetric and colorimeteric techniques, gas chromatography, gas chromatography/mass spectrophotometry, and infrared spectrophotometry. Four different space heating systems were represented within the set of homes, and each home was sampled during late summer and fall/winter. Observations from this study support previous research in illustrating that the indoor low contaminant level residential environm...
{"title":"Indoor/Outdoor Air Quality: Reference Pollutant Concentrations in Complaint-Free Residences","authors":"Dorothy D. Montgomery, D. Kalman","doi":"10.1080/08828032.1989.10389885","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/08828032.1989.10389885","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The intent of this study was to determine baseline air pollutant concentrations present in indoor environments in which occupants did not exhibit “sick building” symptoms. To accomplish this task, concentrations of particulate matter, formaldehyde, carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, and volatile organic compounds (VOCs) were determined at 17 residences in Ruston, Washington. All measurements were made inside and outside each home simultaneously, utilizing sampling techniques common within industrial hygiene, including impinger, Teflon® filter, air bag, and charcoal tube. Samples were analyzed using gravimetric and colorimeteric techniques, gas chromatography, gas chromatography/mass spectrophotometry, and infrared spectrophotometry. Four different space heating systems were represented within the set of homes, and each home was sampled during late summer and fall/winter. Observations from this study support previous research in illustrating that the indoor low contaminant level residential environm...","PeriodicalId":8049,"journal":{"name":"Applied Industrial Hygiene","volume":"688 1","pages":"17-20"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1989-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74743024","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1989-01-01DOI: 10.1080/08828032.1989.10388588
R. Garrison, Muzaffer Erig
Abstract This study investigated characteristics of ventilation to eliminate oxygen deficiency for confined space (CS) models having several noncubical shapes. Variations from a basic cubical shape (studied previously) included sideways expansion (normal to the vertical ventilation axis), depthwise expansion (parallel to the ventilation axis), and expansions in more than one direction. Variable design parameters, in addition to shape, included ventilation mode (exhaust and supply), volume flow rate, inlet/outlet elevation, and location inside the CS model. Regressions of the experimental data supplement a database from previous studies of a cubical model. The oxygen recovery data can be used to calculate ventilation times, subject to consideration of limitations which apply to the results. The findings also suggest general guidelines for CS ventilation design. Progressive sideways and depthwise expansions produced progressive increases in ventilation time for oxygen recovery. This variation was consistent...
{"title":"Ventilation to Eliminate Oxygen Deficiency in a Confined Space—Part II: Noncubical Models","authors":"R. Garrison, Muzaffer Erig","doi":"10.1080/08828032.1989.10388588","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/08828032.1989.10388588","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract This study investigated characteristics of ventilation to eliminate oxygen deficiency for confined space (CS) models having several noncubical shapes. Variations from a basic cubical shape (studied previously) included sideways expansion (normal to the vertical ventilation axis), depthwise expansion (parallel to the ventilation axis), and expansions in more than one direction. Variable design parameters, in addition to shape, included ventilation mode (exhaust and supply), volume flow rate, inlet/outlet elevation, and location inside the CS model. Regressions of the experimental data supplement a database from previous studies of a cubical model. The oxygen recovery data can be used to calculate ventilation times, subject to consideration of limitations which apply to the results. The findings also suggest general guidelines for CS ventilation design. Progressive sideways and depthwise expansions produced progressive increases in ventilation time for oxygen recovery. This variation was consistent...","PeriodicalId":8049,"journal":{"name":"Applied Industrial Hygiene","volume":"49 1","pages":"260-268"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1989-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75705884","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1989-01-01DOI: 10.1080/08828032.1989.10389884
W. Heitbrink, W. F. Todd, T. Fischbach
Abstract A significant correlation was found between worker dust exposure from a bag packing operation and the results of two dustiness testers. The dustiness testers were the Heubach Dust Measurement Appliance and the Midwest Research Institute (MRI) Dustiness Tester. Both the Heubach and MRI dustiness tester predicted dust exposures to within an order of magnitude for the operation studied. The width of the prediction interval reflects typical variability in worker dust exposure measurements. Although the correlation between dustiness test results and dust exposures may be different for other operations, these results suggest that dustiness tests can be used to compare the relative potential of different materials to cause dust exposures. Heitbrink, W.A.; Todd, W.F.; Fischbach, T.J.: Correlation of Tests for Material Dustiness with Worker Exposure from the Bagging of Powders. Appl. Ind. Hyg. 4:12–16; 1989.
{"title":"Correlation of Tests for Material Dustiness with Worker Exposure from the Bagging of Powders","authors":"W. Heitbrink, W. F. Todd, T. Fischbach","doi":"10.1080/08828032.1989.10389884","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/08828032.1989.10389884","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract A significant correlation was found between worker dust exposure from a bag packing operation and the results of two dustiness testers. The dustiness testers were the Heubach Dust Measurement Appliance and the Midwest Research Institute (MRI) Dustiness Tester. Both the Heubach and MRI dustiness tester predicted dust exposures to within an order of magnitude for the operation studied. The width of the prediction interval reflects typical variability in worker dust exposure measurements. Although the correlation between dustiness test results and dust exposures may be different for other operations, these results suggest that dustiness tests can be used to compare the relative potential of different materials to cause dust exposures. Heitbrink, W.A.; Todd, W.F.; Fischbach, T.J.: Correlation of Tests for Material Dustiness with Worker Exposure from the Bagging of Powders. Appl. Ind. Hyg. 4:12–16; 1989.","PeriodicalId":8049,"journal":{"name":"Applied Industrial Hygiene","volume":"84 1","pages":"12-16"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1989-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75139442","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1989-01-01DOI: 10.1080/08828032.1989.10390399
L. Conroy, M. Ellenbecker
Abstract Capture velocity is the primary design parameter now used for slot hoods. However, capture velocity has an uncertain relationship with the true variable of interest, capture efficiency, the fraction of contaminant generated which is captured directly by the hood. Using the three-dimensional velocity field developed from potential flow theory, and including an arbitrary cross draft term, a model was developed that predicts the dividing velocity streamline in front of a slot hood. The location of this streamline, together with an empirical factor accounting for turbulent diffusion of contaminant around streamlines, are the parameters needed to determine capture efficiency. Wind tunnel experiments to validate the model consisted of measuring the fraction of a tracer gas captured by six different hoods under various face and cross draft velocity conditions. The measured capture efficiencies are compared directly with predictions, and errors less than 20 percent are observed for most values of capture...
{"title":"Capture Efficiency of Flanged Slot Hoods under the Influence of a Uniform Cross Draft: Model Development and Validation","authors":"L. Conroy, M. Ellenbecker","doi":"10.1080/08828032.1989.10390399","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/08828032.1989.10390399","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Capture velocity is the primary design parameter now used for slot hoods. However, capture velocity has an uncertain relationship with the true variable of interest, capture efficiency, the fraction of contaminant generated which is captured directly by the hood. Using the three-dimensional velocity field developed from potential flow theory, and including an arbitrary cross draft term, a model was developed that predicts the dividing velocity streamline in front of a slot hood. The location of this streamline, together with an empirical factor accounting for turbulent diffusion of contaminant around streamlines, are the parameters needed to determine capture efficiency. Wind tunnel experiments to validate the model consisted of measuring the fraction of a tracer gas captured by six different hoods under various face and cross draft velocity conditions. The measured capture efficiencies are compared directly with predictions, and errors less than 20 percent are observed for most values of capture...","PeriodicalId":8049,"journal":{"name":"Applied Industrial Hygiene","volume":"22 1","pages":"135-142"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1989-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75254043","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1989-01-01DOI: 10.1080/08828032.1988.10388495
D. J. Burton
{"title":"IV News Digest: Current Topics in Industrial Ventilation","authors":"D. J. Burton","doi":"10.1080/08828032.1988.10388495","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/08828032.1988.10388495","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":8049,"journal":{"name":"Applied Industrial Hygiene","volume":"48 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1989-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89439232","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1989-01-01DOI: 10.1080/08828032.1989.10389868
L. Wilcox
{"title":"IH Interface: Right Writer: Recognize, Evaluate, and Control Writing Hazards","authors":"L. Wilcox","doi":"10.1080/08828032.1989.10389868","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/08828032.1989.10389868","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":8049,"journal":{"name":"Applied Industrial Hygiene","volume":"21 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1989-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87337816","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1988-12-01DOI: 10.1080/08828032.1988.10390346
G. Caple
Abstract With the current trend in industry to reduce unnecessary expenses, the involvement of the industrial hygienist in the scheme of risk management services is growing. One aspect of risk management in which the industrial hygienist may become involved is the employee return-to-work (RTW) program following an injury or illness. Whether or not the illness or injury is occupational in nature, an expeditious return to work is a direct dollar savings tool. Generally, the physician's decision to return an employee to the job is based solely on information gained from the employee alone. This information is gained from an untrained observer and is subject to positive or negative bias. Intervention by the industrial hygienist armed with factual information may facilitate the early return to work of the employee. Energy expenditure modeling is a technique which can provide the physician with an assessment of the metabolic demands of the job. The modeled information may be compared to a Maximum Aerobic Power ...
{"title":"Energy Expenditure Modeling in the Return-to-Work Decision Process","authors":"G. Caple","doi":"10.1080/08828032.1988.10390346","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/08828032.1988.10390346","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract With the current trend in industry to reduce unnecessary expenses, the involvement of the industrial hygienist in the scheme of risk management services is growing. One aspect of risk management in which the industrial hygienist may become involved is the employee return-to-work (RTW) program following an injury or illness. Whether or not the illness or injury is occupational in nature, an expeditious return to work is a direct dollar savings tool. Generally, the physician's decision to return an employee to the job is based solely on information gained from the employee alone. This information is gained from an untrained observer and is subject to positive or negative bias. Intervention by the industrial hygienist armed with factual information may facilitate the early return to work of the employee. Energy expenditure modeling is a technique which can provide the physician with an assessment of the metabolic demands of the job. The modeled information may be compared to a Maximum Aerobic Power ...","PeriodicalId":8049,"journal":{"name":"Applied Industrial Hygiene","volume":"86 1","pages":"348-352"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1988-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86848106","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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