Pub Date : 1989-03-01DOI: 10.1080/08828032.1989.10389919
S. S. Hee
Abstract The aims of this study in a nonferrous foundry were to determine if the silica content was identical when simultaneous area total and respirable dust air sampling was conducted; to define the relationship between personal respirable and total dust concentrations on the same person; and to assess if these relationships changed with job descriptions where silica exposures were likely. Respirable dust air samples in the shakeout and core-knockout areas mostly showed enrichment in silica content relative to total dust air samples obtained simultaneously in the same area. The fraction of respirable dust relative to total dust in the air in personal samples increased for the following job descriptions: basement reclamation (4.4%) < molding (14%) ≤ core-knockout (18%) ≤ shakeout (23%). Absolute levels of respirable dust in the air were about the same over all work areas in spite of much higher total dust concentrations in the basement reclamation area. The silica content of bulk samples did not predict ...
{"title":"Respirable/Total Dust and Silica Content in Personal Air Samples in a Nonferrous Foundry","authors":"S. S. Hee","doi":"10.1080/08828032.1989.10389919","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/08828032.1989.10389919","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The aims of this study in a nonferrous foundry were to determine if the silica content was identical when simultaneous area total and respirable dust air sampling was conducted; to define the relationship between personal respirable and total dust concentrations on the same person; and to assess if these relationships changed with job descriptions where silica exposures were likely. Respirable dust air samples in the shakeout and core-knockout areas mostly showed enrichment in silica content relative to total dust air samples obtained simultaneously in the same area. The fraction of respirable dust relative to total dust in the air in personal samples increased for the following job descriptions: basement reclamation (4.4%) < molding (14%) ≤ core-knockout (18%) ≤ shakeout (23%). Absolute levels of respirable dust in the air were about the same over all work areas in spite of much higher total dust concentrations in the basement reclamation area. The silica content of bulk samples did not predict ...","PeriodicalId":8049,"journal":{"name":"Applied Industrial Hygiene","volume":"17 8 1","pages":"57-60"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1989-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89921216","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1989-02-01DOI: 10.1080/08828032.1989.10389898
G. Rosén, I. Andersson
Abstract A method has been devised for collecting, processing, and presenting data from the measurements of the concentration of airborne pollutants. The method is called “Grid Map.” A direct-reading instrument is used for collecting information on the concentration of some airborne pollutant at a number of points in a workroom. The points are arrayed in a pattern covering the entire room. The method has utilized from 16 to more than 100 points. The results from the measurements are processed in a computer. Utilization of spline functions for interpolations between the points makes it possible for the system to increase the density of the original grid. The processed results from the measurements are graphically displayed as a grid pattern superimposed on a representation of the examined workroom. The grid's height above the baseline at any given point designates the contaminants concentration at that point. The method has been used in two cases for identifying sources of solvent emission and for assessin...
{"title":"Grid Map: An Aid in Elimination of Air Contaminants in Workplaces","authors":"G. Rosén, I. Andersson","doi":"10.1080/08828032.1989.10389898","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/08828032.1989.10389898","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract A method has been devised for collecting, processing, and presenting data from the measurements of the concentration of airborne pollutants. The method is called “Grid Map.” A direct-reading instrument is used for collecting information on the concentration of some airborne pollutant at a number of points in a workroom. The points are arrayed in a pattern covering the entire room. The method has utilized from 16 to more than 100 points. The results from the measurements are processed in a computer. Utilization of spline functions for interpolations between the points makes it possible for the system to increase the density of the original grid. The processed results from the measurements are graphically displayed as a grid pattern superimposed on a representation of the examined workroom. The grid's height above the baseline at any given point designates the contaminants concentration at that point. The method has been used in two cases for identifying sources of solvent emission and for assessin...","PeriodicalId":8049,"journal":{"name":"Applied Industrial Hygiene","volume":"25 1","pages":"32-38"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1989-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76857381","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1989-02-01DOI: 10.1080/08828032.1989.10389888
V. Fiserova-Bergerova, L. Lowry, J. Rosenberg
{"title":"Horizons: Biological monitoring II measurements in exhaled air","authors":"V. Fiserova-Bergerova, L. Lowry, J. Rosenberg","doi":"10.1080/08828032.1989.10389888","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/08828032.1989.10389888","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":8049,"journal":{"name":"Applied Industrial Hygiene","volume":"3 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1989-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89235810","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1989-02-01DOI: 10.1080/08828032.1989.10389899
C. Ong, H. Ong, N. Y. Khoo
Abstract This study was conducted to examine the lead exposure characteristics in a PVC stabilizer production plant. The concentrations of lead in various production departments were measured. In addition, the concentrations of lead in blood (PbB), lead in urine (PbU), erythrocyte enzyme 8-aminolevulinic acid dehydrase (ALAD), and hemoglobin were also investigated on 125 workers exposed to different levels of lead dust. Results showed that the morphological characteristics of lead dust determined the environmental lead concentration. Packing of tribasic lead compounds with particle size of less than 6 μ resulted in a high environmental lead concentration (0.54 mg/m3). The air lead level was significantly reduced when encapsulated lead stearate was packed (0.018 mg/m3). A highly significant reverse correlation was found between PbB and erythrocyte enzyme ALAD (r = −0.75). There appeared to be no time lag on the depression of ALAD activity with the rise of PbB. The concentration of PbU was also found to be ...
{"title":"Lead Exposure in PVC Stabilizer Production","authors":"C. Ong, H. Ong, N. Y. Khoo","doi":"10.1080/08828032.1989.10389899","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/08828032.1989.10389899","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract This study was conducted to examine the lead exposure characteristics in a PVC stabilizer production plant. The concentrations of lead in various production departments were measured. In addition, the concentrations of lead in blood (PbB), lead in urine (PbU), erythrocyte enzyme 8-aminolevulinic acid dehydrase (ALAD), and hemoglobin were also investigated on 125 workers exposed to different levels of lead dust. Results showed that the morphological characteristics of lead dust determined the environmental lead concentration. Packing of tribasic lead compounds with particle size of less than 6 μ resulted in a high environmental lead concentration (0.54 mg/m3). The air lead level was significantly reduced when encapsulated lead stearate was packed (0.018 mg/m3). A highly significant reverse correlation was found between PbB and erythrocyte enzyme ALAD (r = −0.75). There appeared to be no time lag on the depression of ALAD activity with the rise of PbB. The concentration of PbU was also found to be ...","PeriodicalId":8049,"journal":{"name":"Applied Industrial Hygiene","volume":"11 1","pages":"39-44"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1989-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79885199","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1989-02-01DOI: 10.1080/08828032.1989.10389900
D. M. Trayer, C. Thornton, Charles B. Lehman
Abstract This article grew out of a project to investigate the feasibility of applying current engineering technology to the control of noise exposures in modern electric generating plants. In the course of the project, a new insulating product, which successfully combines both acoustical and thermal insulating properties, was developed and operationally tested in an electric generating plant. The product consists of a composite of several materials selected to provide attenuation of noise and process heat. The result is a reusable, flexible insulating blanket that can be custom fitted to any shape of process equipment. Following laboratory tests of several candidate materials, one was selected for full-scale tests on high-speed boiler-feedwater pumps in an electric power plant. The field tests showed a noise reduction of 10 to 30 decibels in the frequency range of 250 to 4000 Hz. It is thought that at least 10 decibels of mid-frequency noise attenuation can be achieved on noisy process equipment such as ...
{"title":"Development and Testing of a New Thermal-Acoustic Industrial Insulation","authors":"D. M. Trayer, C. Thornton, Charles B. Lehman","doi":"10.1080/08828032.1989.10389900","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/08828032.1989.10389900","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract This article grew out of a project to investigate the feasibility of applying current engineering technology to the control of noise exposures in modern electric generating plants. In the course of the project, a new insulating product, which successfully combines both acoustical and thermal insulating properties, was developed and operationally tested in an electric generating plant. The product consists of a composite of several materials selected to provide attenuation of noise and process heat. The result is a reusable, flexible insulating blanket that can be custom fitted to any shape of process equipment. Following laboratory tests of several candidate materials, one was selected for full-scale tests on high-speed boiler-feedwater pumps in an electric power plant. The field tests showed a noise reduction of 10 to 30 decibels in the frequency range of 250 to 4000 Hz. It is thought that at least 10 decibels of mid-frequency noise attenuation can be achieved on noisy process equipment such as ...","PeriodicalId":8049,"journal":{"name":"Applied Industrial Hygiene","volume":"69 1","pages":"45-49"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1989-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76031439","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1989-02-01DOI: 10.1080/08828032.1989.10389901
R. Jacobs
Abstract Endotoxins are a component of the cell wall of gram negative bacteria and have been implicated as the etiological agent of byssinosis as well as the cause of pulmonary responses attributed to other organic dusts. Recent studies have proposed threshold values for airborne endotoxin and suggest that consideration be given to developing an occupational standard for endotoxin. Endotoxins occur at significant levels in many work environments, and the industrial hygienist should be aware of the disease potential of this agent. The structure, biological activity, measurement, and occurrence of endotoxin in the work environment is reviewed. The feasibility of an occupational standard is discussed and recommendations made for practical evaluation of endotoxin and for additional research. Jacobs, R. R.: Airborne Endotoxins: An Association with Occupational Lung Disease. Appl. Ind. Hyg. 4:50–56; 1989.
{"title":"Airborne Endotoxins: An Association with Occupational Lung Disease","authors":"R. Jacobs","doi":"10.1080/08828032.1989.10389901","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/08828032.1989.10389901","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Endotoxins are a component of the cell wall of gram negative bacteria and have been implicated as the etiological agent of byssinosis as well as the cause of pulmonary responses attributed to other organic dusts. Recent studies have proposed threshold values for airborne endotoxin and suggest that consideration be given to developing an occupational standard for endotoxin. Endotoxins occur at significant levels in many work environments, and the industrial hygienist should be aware of the disease potential of this agent. The structure, biological activity, measurement, and occurrence of endotoxin in the work environment is reviewed. The feasibility of an occupational standard is discussed and recommendations made for practical evaluation of endotoxin and for additional research. Jacobs, R. R.: Airborne Endotoxins: An Association with Occupational Lung Disease. Appl. Ind. Hyg. 4:50–56; 1989.","PeriodicalId":8049,"journal":{"name":"Applied Industrial Hygiene","volume":"56 1","pages":"50-56"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1989-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84549037","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1989-02-01DOI: 10.1080/08828032.1989.10389897
G. J. Newton, Yung-sung Cheng, Bean T. Chen, R. Hanson, R. Henderson
Abstract The quinoline dye, 2-(2'-quinolyl)-1,3-indandione or solvent yellow 33 (SY), is used in many manufactured products including military smoke grenades. During the manufacturing process, SY can be released into the air, exposing workers by inhalation to the dye. Prior to conducting inhalation toxicity studies on the dye, a field sampling effort was completed at the United States Army's Pine Bluff Arsenal to measure the size distributions and aerosol concentrations of SY dye to which workers might be exposed during the fabrication of military smoke munitions. Aerosol samples were taken in the workplace during routine operation of the colored smoke grenade fabrication facility. During this sampling period, the M18 yellow smoke grenade was being produced. Filter samples were used to determine the concentration of airborne dye-containing material, and cascade impactors were used to determine the particle size distributions. Aerosol samples were prepared for SY analyses by reverse-phase, high-pressure li...
{"title":"Aerosol Measurements in the Workplace at a Colored Smoke Munitions Plant","authors":"G. J. Newton, Yung-sung Cheng, Bean T. Chen, R. Hanson, R. Henderson","doi":"10.1080/08828032.1989.10389897","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/08828032.1989.10389897","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The quinoline dye, 2-(2'-quinolyl)-1,3-indandione or solvent yellow 33 (SY), is used in many manufactured products including military smoke grenades. During the manufacturing process, SY can be released into the air, exposing workers by inhalation to the dye. Prior to conducting inhalation toxicity studies on the dye, a field sampling effort was completed at the United States Army's Pine Bluff Arsenal to measure the size distributions and aerosol concentrations of SY dye to which workers might be exposed during the fabrication of military smoke munitions. Aerosol samples were taken in the workplace during routine operation of the colored smoke grenade fabrication facility. During this sampling period, the M18 yellow smoke grenade was being produced. Filter samples were used to determine the concentration of airborne dye-containing material, and cascade impactors were used to determine the particle size distributions. Aerosol samples were prepared for SY analyses by reverse-phase, high-pressure li...","PeriodicalId":8049,"journal":{"name":"Applied Industrial Hygiene","volume":"172 1","pages":"27-31"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1989-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76119187","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1989-01-01DOI: 10.1080/08828032.1989.10389872
P. Droz
{"title":"Horizons: Biological Monitoring I: Sources of Variability in Human Response to Chemical Exposure","authors":"P. Droz","doi":"10.1080/08828032.1989.10389872","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/08828032.1989.10389872","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":8049,"journal":{"name":"Applied Industrial Hygiene","volume":"30 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1989-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86012911","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1989-01-01DOI: 10.1080/08828032.1989.10390434
M. Flynn, M. L. Fitzgerald
Abstract Air velocity measurements are used to evaluate the accuracy of three models presently available to predict the three-dimensional velocity field into flanged rectangular exhaust hoods. Measured velocity vectors into flanged rectangular hoods are in closest agreement with a potential flow solution developed by Tyaglo and Shepelev. Three flanged rectangular hoods with aspect ratios of 1, 2, and 5 were operated at flows of 112, 131, and 143 cfm. Measurements of the air velocity magnitude and direction were made with a thermoanemometer and smoke tubes in both planes of symmetry that contain the hood centerune. The velocities ranged from 80 percent to 5 percent of the face velocity.
{"title":"A Comparison of Three-Dimensional Velocity Models for Flanged Rectangular Hoods","authors":"M. Flynn, M. L. Fitzgerald","doi":"10.1080/08828032.1989.10390434","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/08828032.1989.10390434","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Air velocity measurements are used to evaluate the accuracy of three models presently available to predict the three-dimensional velocity field into flanged rectangular exhaust hoods. Measured velocity vectors into flanged rectangular hoods are in closest agreement with a potential flow solution developed by Tyaglo and Shepelev. Three flanged rectangular hoods with aspect ratios of 1, 2, and 5 were operated at flows of 112, 131, and 143 cfm. Measurements of the air velocity magnitude and direction were made with a thermoanemometer and smoke tubes in both planes of symmetry that contain the hood centerune. The velocities ranged from 80 percent to 5 percent of the face velocity.","PeriodicalId":8049,"journal":{"name":"Applied Industrial Hygiene","volume":"33 1","pages":"210-216"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1989-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81044943","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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