Pub Date : 1989-05-01DOI: 10.1080/08828032.1989.10390372
L. Wilcox
{"title":"IH Interface: CD ROM Technology for Industrial Hygienists","authors":"L. Wilcox","doi":"10.1080/08828032.1989.10390372","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/08828032.1989.10390372","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":8049,"journal":{"name":"Applied Industrial Hygiene","volume":"52 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1989-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73571582","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1989-05-01DOI: 10.1080/08828032.1989.10390384
P. Parobeck, W. Francart, R. S. Ondrey, Richard T. Stoltz, D. Atchison, E. J. Gerbec
Abstract The Mine Safety and Health Administration (MSHA) conducted field studies on the RACAL Airstream Helmet to determine its suitability as an interim personal protective device in underground coal mines where technology is inadequate to control dust. The studies of the RACAL Airstream Helmet were conducted in four underground longwall mining sections to evaluate user acceptance and the helmet's applicability to the coal mine environment and to determine the life expectancy of its final filter. User acceptance and applicability to the coal mine environment were assessed using responses to a questionnaire by miners participating in the studies who wore the helmet in the mines and by actual use of the helmet by personnel conducting the survey. In general, the miners who participated in the study felt that the helmet afforded them personal protection against dust. However, use of the helmet on a continuing basis did present specific problems that would make its universal acceptance questionable. The life...
{"title":"Application of the RACAL Airstream Helmet in Four Underground Coal Mines","authors":"P. Parobeck, W. Francart, R. S. Ondrey, Richard T. Stoltz, D. Atchison, E. J. Gerbec","doi":"10.1080/08828032.1989.10390384","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/08828032.1989.10390384","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The Mine Safety and Health Administration (MSHA) conducted field studies on the RACAL Airstream Helmet to determine its suitability as an interim personal protective device in underground coal mines where technology is inadequate to control dust. The studies of the RACAL Airstream Helmet were conducted in four underground longwall mining sections to evaluate user acceptance and the helmet's applicability to the coal mine environment and to determine the life expectancy of its final filter. User acceptance and applicability to the coal mine environment were assessed using responses to a questionnaire by miners participating in the studies who wore the helmet in the mines and by actual use of the helmet by personnel conducting the survey. In general, the miners who participated in the study felt that the helmet afforded them personal protection against dust. However, use of the helmet on a continuing basis did present specific problems that would make its universal acceptance questionable. The life...","PeriodicalId":8049,"journal":{"name":"Applied Industrial Hygiene","volume":"17 1","pages":"126-132"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1989-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81175495","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1989-04-01DOI: 10.1080/08828032.1989.10390359
D. J. Caldwell
Abstract An add-on local exhaust ventilation (LEV) system was evaluated as an engineering control measure during a follow-up study of high ethylene oxide (ETO) exposures at a U.S. Army medical center. Baseline breathing zone and general area samples were collected to characterize ETO exposure, and existing general ventilation was evaluated. ETO-contaminated air was recirculated back to the sterilizer area by the air-conditioning system. This recirculation, coupled with a positive differential air pressure in the sterilizer area, caused the ETO to migrate to other areas. General area sample results ranged from 0.95 to 2.80 ppm as a time-weighted average, with peak real-time exposures greater than 50 ppm. Breathing zone sample results exceeded the Occupational Safety and Health Administration action level for nine of ten individuals sampled (7 of 10 if the lower confidence limit {LCL} is applied to the sample results), with five individuals exposed to ETO concentrations greater than the PEL(3 greater than t...
{"title":"Evaluation of an Add-on Local Exhaust Ventilation System for an Ethylene Oxide (ETO) Sterilizer","authors":"D. J. Caldwell","doi":"10.1080/08828032.1989.10390359","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/08828032.1989.10390359","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract An add-on local exhaust ventilation (LEV) system was evaluated as an engineering control measure during a follow-up study of high ethylene oxide (ETO) exposures at a U.S. Army medical center. Baseline breathing zone and general area samples were collected to characterize ETO exposure, and existing general ventilation was evaluated. ETO-contaminated air was recirculated back to the sterilizer area by the air-conditioning system. This recirculation, coupled with a positive differential air pressure in the sterilizer area, caused the ETO to migrate to other areas. General area sample results ranged from 0.95 to 2.80 ppm as a time-weighted average, with peak real-time exposures greater than 50 ppm. Breathing zone sample results exceeded the Occupational Safety and Health Administration action level for nine of ten individuals sampled (7 of 10 if the lower confidence limit {LCL} is applied to the sample results), with five individuals exposed to ETO concentrations greater than the PEL(3 greater than t...","PeriodicalId":8049,"journal":{"name":"Applied Industrial Hygiene","volume":"52 1","pages":"88-91"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1989-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74848437","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1989-04-01DOI: 10.1080/08828032.1989.10390358
Angela A. Boggs
Abstract A practical methodology for conducting a comparative risk assessment is applied to the problem of identifying a less toxic casting solvent(s) for positive photoresist. Conventional solvents used in photoresists are ethylene glycol-derived ethers, principally 2-ethoxyethyl acetate, commonly known as CEIXOSOLVE® Acetate.A Concern has grown in recent years over possible reproductive risks of 2-ethoxyethyl acetate and structurally related glycol ethers. Animal toxicology studies indicate that these solvents may induce teratogenic and fetotoxic effects as well as male reproductive effects in animals exposed to air concentrations ranging from 3 ppm to 100 ppm. Three general concepts in glycol ether toxicology have emerged from the animal data: 1. Toxicological equivalence, mole for mole, of a glycol ether and its acetate. 2. Inverse relationship between reproductive toxicity and length of the substituted alkyl group. 3. Biologic activation of ethylene glycol ethers to an alkoxy-acetic acid metabolite (...
{"title":"A Comparative Risk Assessment of Casting Solvents for Positive Photoresist","authors":"Angela A. Boggs","doi":"10.1080/08828032.1989.10390358","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/08828032.1989.10390358","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract A practical methodology for conducting a comparative risk assessment is applied to the problem of identifying a less toxic casting solvent(s) for positive photoresist. Conventional solvents used in photoresists are ethylene glycol-derived ethers, principally 2-ethoxyethyl acetate, commonly known as CEIXOSOLVE® Acetate.A Concern has grown in recent years over possible reproductive risks of 2-ethoxyethyl acetate and structurally related glycol ethers. Animal toxicology studies indicate that these solvents may induce teratogenic and fetotoxic effects as well as male reproductive effects in animals exposed to air concentrations ranging from 3 ppm to 100 ppm. Three general concepts in glycol ether toxicology have emerged from the animal data: 1. Toxicological equivalence, mole for mole, of a glycol ether and its acetate. 2. Inverse relationship between reproductive toxicity and length of the substituted alkyl group. 3. Biologic activation of ethylene glycol ethers to an alkoxy-acetic acid metabolite (...","PeriodicalId":8049,"journal":{"name":"Applied Industrial Hygiene","volume":"16 1","pages":"81-87"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1989-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88003699","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1989-04-01DOI: 10.1080/08828032.1989.10390361
J. Levin, K. Andersson, I. Faengmark, C. Hallgren
Abstract Aliphatic polyamines, such as diethylenetriamine (DETA), tri-ethylenetetramine (TETA), and tetraethylenepentamine (TEPA) are widely used in industry. Exposure to these polyamines causes irritation of the respiratory tract and skin sensitization. For the determination of polyamines in air, derivatization with 1-naphthylisothiocyanate to polythioureas was evaluated. Reference polythioureas from DETA, TETA, and TEPA were synthesized and identified by mass spectrometry. The polythioureas were determined by high-performance liquid chromatography with ultraviolet detection. The method was validated by generation of DETA vapor and TETA and TEPA aerosols. 1-Naphthylisothiocyanatecoated Amberlite XAD-2 was used for the sampling of DETA and coated glass fiber filters for TETA and TEPA. The sensitivity of the method was 0.01 mg/m3, and the precision, as relative standard deviation of spiked samples, was 4 percent.
{"title":"Determination of Gaseous and Particulate Polyamines in Air Using Sorbent or Filter Coated with Naphthylisothiocyanate","authors":"J. Levin, K. Andersson, I. Faengmark, C. Hallgren","doi":"10.1080/08828032.1989.10390361","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/08828032.1989.10390361","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Aliphatic polyamines, such as diethylenetriamine (DETA), tri-ethylenetetramine (TETA), and tetraethylenepentamine (TEPA) are widely used in industry. Exposure to these polyamines causes irritation of the respiratory tract and skin sensitization. For the determination of polyamines in air, derivatization with 1-naphthylisothiocyanate to polythioureas was evaluated. Reference polythioureas from DETA, TETA, and TEPA were synthesized and identified by mass spectrometry. The polythioureas were determined by high-performance liquid chromatography with ultraviolet detection. The method was validated by generation of DETA vapor and TETA and TEPA aerosols. 1-Naphthylisothiocyanatecoated Amberlite XAD-2 was used for the sampling of DETA and coated glass fiber filters for TETA and TEPA. The sensitivity of the method was 0.01 mg/m3, and the precision, as relative standard deviation of spiked samples, was 4 percent.","PeriodicalId":8049,"journal":{"name":"Applied Industrial Hygiene","volume":"50 1","pages":"98-100"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1989-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86112320","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1989-04-01DOI: 10.1080/08828032.1989.10390350
Ann Mclaughlin, J. Pendergrass
{"title":"Focus on … Air Contaminants—Permissible Exposure Limits (Title 29 Code of Federal Regulations Part 1910.1000)","authors":"Ann Mclaughlin, J. Pendergrass","doi":"10.1080/08828032.1989.10390350","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/08828032.1989.10390350","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":8049,"journal":{"name":"Applied Industrial Hygiene","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1989-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78726852","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1989-04-01DOI: 10.1080/08828032.1989.10390360
D. Han, P. Biswas
Abstract The choice of respirators involves a number of detailed evaluations by an expert knowledgeable in the field and familiar with the workplace. One step in the process of identifying the specific respirator involves the use of the respiratory decision logic sequence to identify the class of respirators. Expert systems are software tools to emulate interaction of users with human experts. An expert system, RESPDLOG, was developed to implement the respirator decision logic. The program has a knowledge base consisting of the logical sequence of the decision-making process and is set up in the form of rules. On execution, the program prompts the user for answers to a number of questions. The inference-deriving capability of the program is then used to arrive at the solution, which is identifying the “class of respirators.”
{"title":"Respdlog—An Expert System to Implement the Respiratory Decision Logic","authors":"D. Han, P. Biswas","doi":"10.1080/08828032.1989.10390360","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/08828032.1989.10390360","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The choice of respirators involves a number of detailed evaluations by an expert knowledgeable in the field and familiar with the workplace. One step in the process of identifying the specific respirator involves the use of the respiratory decision logic sequence to identify the class of respirators. Expert systems are software tools to emulate interaction of users with human experts. An expert system, RESPDLOG, was developed to implement the respirator decision logic. The program has a knowledge base consisting of the logical sequence of the decision-making process and is set up in the form of rules. On execution, the program prompts the user for answers to a number of questions. The inference-deriving capability of the program is then used to arrive at the solution, which is identifying the “class of respirators.”","PeriodicalId":8049,"journal":{"name":"Applied Industrial Hygiene","volume":"142 8","pages":"92-97"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1989-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72563618","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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