Pub Date : 1989-04-01DOI: 10.1080/08828032.1989.10390362
M. London, J. Boiano, Steven A. Lee
Abstract 3,3′-Dichlorobenzidine (DCB), an analogue of benzidine, has been an Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA)-regulated carcinogen since 1974. This article presents a limited case study evaluating worker exposure to DCB at two pigment manufacturing plants. In each plant, exposure to DCB was estimated by personal breathing-zone (PBZ) and general area (GA) air samples, by skin patch and surface wipe samples, and by analysis of urine collected before and after the DCB-charging operation. Plant A performs the DCB-charging operation in a dedicated 12-ft × 10-ft enclosed room. Two workers perform the operation, each wearing full protective clothing and an air-supplied hood. After decontaminating the work area with a sodium hypochlorite bleach solution, the workers enter a “dirty” change room to undress, and then shower and change into clean work clothes in a “clean” change room. The levels of DCB found averaged 0.45 μg/m3, PBZ; 0.18 μg/m3, GA; and 0.04 μg/cm2, skin. Detectable levels of urin...
{"title":"Exposure Assessment of 3,3′-Dichlorobenzidine (DCB) at Two Chemical Plants","authors":"M. London, J. Boiano, Steven A. Lee","doi":"10.1080/08828032.1989.10390362","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/08828032.1989.10390362","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract 3,3′-Dichlorobenzidine (DCB), an analogue of benzidine, has been an Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA)-regulated carcinogen since 1974. This article presents a limited case study evaluating worker exposure to DCB at two pigment manufacturing plants. In each plant, exposure to DCB was estimated by personal breathing-zone (PBZ) and general area (GA) air samples, by skin patch and surface wipe samples, and by analysis of urine collected before and after the DCB-charging operation. Plant A performs the DCB-charging operation in a dedicated 12-ft × 10-ft enclosed room. Two workers perform the operation, each wearing full protective clothing and an air-supplied hood. After decontaminating the work area with a sodium hypochlorite bleach solution, the workers enter a “dirty” change room to undress, and then shower and change into clean work clothes in a “clean” change room. The levels of DCB found averaged 0.45 μg/m3, PBZ; 0.18 μg/m3, GA; and 0.04 μg/cm2, skin. Detectable levels of urin...","PeriodicalId":8049,"journal":{"name":"Applied Industrial Hygiene","volume":"48 1","pages":"101-104"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1989-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75299391","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1989-03-01DOI: 10.1080/08828032.1989.10389920
N. C. Hawkins, J. Evans
Abstract The ability of a group of industrial hygienists to predict exposures based on experience and professional judgment was evaluated. Eight-hour time-weighted average toluene exposures for a group of batch chemical process workers were measured over a three-week period. These 134 personal measurements comprised the empirical distribution of exposures. Twenty-four industrial hygienists with expertise in assessing exposures in batch chemical processing operations were randomly selected for the study after a formal nomination process. Each industrial hygienist participated in a three-hour personal interview which followed a standard protocol. During the interview, each expert reviewed chemical process information and then subjectively assessed the distribution of exposures and the average exposure among the workers. After limited historical exposure data were presented, elicitations of the subjective distribution and the average exposure were repeated. Industrial hygienists estimated the average exposur...
{"title":"Subjective Estimation of Toluene Exposures: A Calibration Study of Industrial Hygienists","authors":"N. C. Hawkins, J. Evans","doi":"10.1080/08828032.1989.10389920","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/08828032.1989.10389920","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The ability of a group of industrial hygienists to predict exposures based on experience and professional judgment was evaluated. Eight-hour time-weighted average toluene exposures for a group of batch chemical process workers were measured over a three-week period. These 134 personal measurements comprised the empirical distribution of exposures. Twenty-four industrial hygienists with expertise in assessing exposures in batch chemical processing operations were randomly selected for the study after a formal nomination process. Each industrial hygienist participated in a three-hour personal interview which followed a standard protocol. During the interview, each expert reviewed chemical process information and then subjectively assessed the distribution of exposures and the average exposure among the workers. After limited historical exposure data were presented, elicitations of the subjective distribution and the average exposure were repeated. Industrial hygienists estimated the average exposur...","PeriodicalId":8049,"journal":{"name":"Applied Industrial Hygiene","volume":"3 1","pages":"61-68"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1989-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72835421","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1989-03-01DOI: 10.1080/08828032.1989.10389922
D. Hansen, W. Adams, R. Hochberg
Abstract In Appendix G to 29 CFR 1910.95 “Occupational Noise Exposure,” OSHA describes how to monitor employee noise exposures using both area sound level meters and personal noise dosimeters. Initial workplace noise evaluations are often done in the form of a walk-through survey using a sound level meter. This article describes a dynamic workplace where sound level meters and dosimeters were used simultaneously to compare several different approaches to evaluating employee noise exposures. The methods tested were extrapolation of individual exposures from area measurements (obtained from ‘typical’ walk-through surveys), prediction of exposures using source noise data (measured by sound level meter), and frequency of source use information (measured by a work measurement method). In this study, the noise evaluation methods tested were found to underrepresent sound levels consistently when compared to the dosimeter data—in this case, because the latter better integrates the contribution of intermittent sho...
{"title":"Comparison of Sampling Strategies Used During a Machine Shop Noise Survey","authors":"D. Hansen, W. Adams, R. Hochberg","doi":"10.1080/08828032.1989.10389922","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/08828032.1989.10389922","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract In Appendix G to 29 CFR 1910.95 “Occupational Noise Exposure,” OSHA describes how to monitor employee noise exposures using both area sound level meters and personal noise dosimeters. Initial workplace noise evaluations are often done in the form of a walk-through survey using a sound level meter. This article describes a dynamic workplace where sound level meters and dosimeters were used simultaneously to compare several different approaches to evaluating employee noise exposures. The methods tested were extrapolation of individual exposures from area measurements (obtained from ‘typical’ walk-through surveys), prediction of exposures using source noise data (measured by sound level meter), and frequency of source use information (measured by a work measurement method). In this study, the noise evaluation methods tested were found to underrepresent sound levels consistently when compared to the dosimeter data—in this case, because the latter better integrates the contribution of intermittent sho...","PeriodicalId":8049,"journal":{"name":"Applied Industrial Hygiene","volume":"39 1","pages":"75-80"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1989-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74128674","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1989-03-01DOI: 10.1080/08828032.1989.10389907
Krister Forsberg, O. Malmholt
{"title":"Occupational Hygiene Around the World: Chemical Protective Clothing: Methods for Selection and Purchasing in Chemical and Manufacturing Industries in Sweden","authors":"Krister Forsberg, O. Malmholt","doi":"10.1080/08828032.1989.10389907","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/08828032.1989.10389907","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":8049,"journal":{"name":"Applied Industrial Hygiene","volume":"2015 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1989-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74018726","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1989-03-01DOI: 10.1080/08828032.1989.10389916
S. Meagher
{"title":"Design of Hand Tools for Control of Cumulative Trauma Disorders","authors":"S. Meagher","doi":"10.1080/08828032.1989.10389916","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/08828032.1989.10389916","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":8049,"journal":{"name":"Applied Industrial Hygiene","volume":"30 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1989-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75865325","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1989-03-01DOI: 10.1080/08828032.1989.10389921
R. K. Bentley, S. Horstman, M. Morgan
Abstract The results of a motivation program for the improvement of work practices to reduce employee exposure to chlorophenols in a wood planer mill are reported. Based on previous studies of the mill using chlorophenols in urine as an estimator of exposure, summer was identified as the time when use of protective equipment was most uncomfortable and onerous resulting in significantly increased exposure. A counseling strategy to provide employees with a range of options to reduce exposure during hot weather was developed. To provide direct feedback to employees on the effectiveness of their protective behaviors, the chlorophenol sapstain solution was labeled with a fluorescent dye. Skin contamination was visualized using low wavelength ultraviolet light. Multiple urine samples from each participant were analyzed for chlorophenols. Air sampling and surface sampling of the wood was also conducted and confirmed skin as the major route of exposure. On average, the nine participants in the program significant...
{"title":"Reduction of Sawmill Worker Exposure to Chlorophenols","authors":"R. K. Bentley, S. Horstman, M. Morgan","doi":"10.1080/08828032.1989.10389921","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/08828032.1989.10389921","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The results of a motivation program for the improvement of work practices to reduce employee exposure to chlorophenols in a wood planer mill are reported. Based on previous studies of the mill using chlorophenols in urine as an estimator of exposure, summer was identified as the time when use of protective equipment was most uncomfortable and onerous resulting in significantly increased exposure. A counseling strategy to provide employees with a range of options to reduce exposure during hot weather was developed. To provide direct feedback to employees on the effectiveness of their protective behaviors, the chlorophenol sapstain solution was labeled with a fluorescent dye. Skin contamination was visualized using low wavelength ultraviolet light. Multiple urine samples from each participant were analyzed for chlorophenols. Air sampling and surface sampling of the wood was also conducted and confirmed skin as the major route of exposure. On average, the nine participants in the program significant...","PeriodicalId":8049,"journal":{"name":"Applied Industrial Hygiene","volume":"50 1","pages":"69-74"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1989-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84263320","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
京公网安备 11010802042870号
京ICP备2023020795号-1
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：