Phase change materials play an essential role in the development of tuneable optics by overcoming the limitations possessed by conventional optics due to their static behaviour. Due to their non-volatile nature, chalcogenide materials attained attention beyond other phase change materials. Antimony-based chalcogenides are promising due to low absorption loss, optimal refractive index change, and compatibility with silicon integration. This study optimises near-stoichiometric sputtered SbSe thin films and investigates their compositional, physical, and optical properties change by thermal, optical, and electrical stimuli. We further extend the investigation to the induced intermediate states in the SbSe thin film for multi-bit operation for tunable photonics and phase-change memory with a current switching ratio of 10 during a phase transition. The findings are integral to the realisation of high-capacity optical switches and routers, displays with larger colour distribution, and photonic memories with high computational capabilities.
{"title":"Tunability of Sb2Se3 phase change material for multi-domain optoelectronics","authors":"Krishna Murali, Litty Thekkekara, Md. Ataur Rahman, Suvankar Sen, Vladlen Shvedov, Yana Izdebskaya, Chengjun Zou, Sherif Abdulkader Tawfik, Ilya Shadrivov, Sharath Sriram, Madhu Bhaskaran","doi":"10.1016/j.apmt.2024.102338","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apmt.2024.102338","url":null,"abstract":"Phase change materials play an essential role in the development of tuneable optics by overcoming the limitations possessed by conventional optics due to their static behaviour. Due to their non-volatile nature, chalcogenide materials attained attention beyond other phase change materials. Antimony-based chalcogenides are promising due to low absorption loss, optimal refractive index change, and compatibility with silicon integration. This study optimises near-stoichiometric sputtered SbSe thin films and investigates their compositional, physical, and optical properties change by thermal, optical, and electrical stimuli. We further extend the investigation to the induced intermediate states in the SbSe thin film for multi-bit operation for tunable photonics and phase-change memory with a current switching ratio of 10 during a phase transition. The findings are integral to the realisation of high-capacity optical switches and routers, displays with larger colour distribution, and photonic memories with high computational capabilities.","PeriodicalId":8066,"journal":{"name":"Applied Materials Today","volume":"22 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.3,"publicationDate":"2024-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141931178","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-08-01DOI: 10.1016/j.apmt.2024.102360
Deep Mondal, Arka Bandyopadhyay, Atanu Nandy, Debnarayan Jana
Two-dimensional carbon nitride materials have been the center of attention for their diverse usage in energy harvesting, environmental remediation and nanoelectronic applications. A broad range of utilities with decent synthetic plausibility have made this family a sweet spot to dive into, whereas the underlying analytical aspects are yet to have prominence. Recently, using the machinaries of first principles, we reported a family of six different structures CNX (Jana et al., 2023) with a unique dumbbell-shaped morphology, functionalizing the recently synthesized monolayer of CN (Yang et al., 2017). Here we have critically explored the non-trivial topological phases of the semimetallic Dumbbell CNX sheets and nanoribbons. Spin–orbit coupling induced gap across the Fermi level, its subsequent tuning via an external electric field, portrayal of band inversion from the Berry curvature distribution and the evaluation of topological index using the Wannier charge center (WCC) firmly establishes the traces of topological footprint. The real space decimation scheme and Green’s function technique evaluate the underlying spectral information with corresponding transport characteristics. Fascinating features of these quasi-1D systems are observed utilizing the Su-Schrieffer-Heeger (SSH) model where different twisted phases reveal distinct topological signatures even in a low atomic mass system like DB CN.
{"title":"Intriguing topological signatures in newly predicted family of Dumbbell C[formula omitted]NX (X [formula omitted] C, Si, Ge) and its quasi-1D derivatives","authors":"Deep Mondal, Arka Bandyopadhyay, Atanu Nandy, Debnarayan Jana","doi":"10.1016/j.apmt.2024.102360","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apmt.2024.102360","url":null,"abstract":"Two-dimensional carbon nitride materials have been the center of attention for their diverse usage in energy harvesting, environmental remediation and nanoelectronic applications. A broad range of utilities with decent synthetic plausibility have made this family a sweet spot to dive into, whereas the underlying analytical aspects are yet to have prominence. Recently, using the machinaries of first principles, we reported a family of six different structures CNX (Jana et al., 2023) with a unique dumbbell-shaped morphology, functionalizing the recently synthesized monolayer of CN (Yang et al., 2017). Here we have critically explored the non-trivial topological phases of the semimetallic Dumbbell CNX sheets and nanoribbons. Spin–orbit coupling induced gap across the Fermi level, its subsequent tuning via an external electric field, portrayal of band inversion from the Berry curvature distribution and the evaluation of topological index using the Wannier charge center (WCC) firmly establishes the traces of topological footprint. The real space decimation scheme and Green’s function technique evaluate the underlying spectral information with corresponding transport characteristics. Fascinating features of these quasi-1D systems are observed utilizing the Su-Schrieffer-Heeger (SSH) model where different twisted phases reveal distinct topological signatures even in a low atomic mass system like DB CN.","PeriodicalId":8066,"journal":{"name":"Applied Materials Today","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.3,"publicationDate":"2024-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141969752","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-08-01DOI: 10.1016/j.apmt.2024.102356
Meriene Gandara, Milena Nakagawa de Arruda, João Marcos Kruszynski Assis, Marta de Jesus Oliveira Martins, Lazar Rakočević, Dušan Mladenović, Biljana Šljukić, Emerson Sarmento Gonçalves
Low-cost non-noble metal electrocatalysts are currently the focus of research and development for energy conversion and storage devices. MXenes, the newest class of two-dimensional materials, have high surface area, nanometer layer thickness, hydrophilicity and high electrical conductivity that favor their performance for electrocatalytic reactions. Herein, niobium carbide MXene (Nb-MXene) was obtained from its MAX phase by chemical synthesis and characterized regarding its morphology, structure and electrochemical activity for oxygen evolution reaction (OER) and oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) as well as for charge storage in different electrolytic media. The results demonstrate the good performance of Nb-MXene for storing charge (104 F g at 5 mV s) that increased remarkably with continuous cycling in an acidic medium. Current density for oxygen evolution of ∼32.5 mA cm was reached in alkaline medium. The oxygen reduction reaction in the same media was observed to proceed via 2e mechanism with a Tafel slope of 114 mV dec. Therefore, Nb-MXene presents characteristics and performance of a promising material for electrocatalytic reactions.
低成本的非贵金属电催化剂是目前能源转换和储存设备研发的重点。MXene是最新一类二维材料，具有高比表面积、纳米层厚、亲水性和高导电性，有利于发挥其在电催化反应中的性能。本文通过化学合成从碳化铌 MXene（Nb-MXene）的 MAX 相中获得了 Nb-MXene，并对其形态、结构、氧进化反应（OER）和氧还原反应（ORR）的电化学活性以及在不同电解介质中的电荷存储进行了表征。结果表明，Nb-MXene 具有良好的电荷存储性能（104 F g，5 mV s），在酸性介质中连续循环时电荷存储量显著增加。在碱性介质中，氧进化的电流密度达到了 ∼32.5 mA cm。因此，Nb-MXene 具有电催化反应材料的特征和性能。
{"title":"Nb-MXene as promising material for electrocatalysis in energy conversion (OER/ORR) and storage","authors":"Meriene Gandara, Milena Nakagawa de Arruda, João Marcos Kruszynski Assis, Marta de Jesus Oliveira Martins, Lazar Rakočević, Dušan Mladenović, Biljana Šljukić, Emerson Sarmento Gonçalves","doi":"10.1016/j.apmt.2024.102356","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apmt.2024.102356","url":null,"abstract":"Low-cost non-noble metal electrocatalysts are currently the focus of research and development for energy conversion and storage devices. MXenes, the newest class of two-dimensional materials, have high surface area, nanometer layer thickness, hydrophilicity and high electrical conductivity that favor their performance for electrocatalytic reactions. Herein, niobium carbide MXene (Nb-MXene) was obtained from its MAX phase by chemical synthesis and characterized regarding its morphology, structure and electrochemical activity for oxygen evolution reaction (OER) and oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) as well as for charge storage in different electrolytic media. The results demonstrate the good performance of Nb-MXene for storing charge (104 F g at 5 mV s) that increased remarkably with continuous cycling in an acidic medium. Current density for oxygen evolution of ∼32.5 mA cm was reached in alkaline medium. The oxygen reduction reaction in the same media was observed to proceed via 2e mechanism with a Tafel slope of 114 mV dec. Therefore, Nb-MXene presents characteristics and performance of a promising material for electrocatalytic reactions.","PeriodicalId":8066,"journal":{"name":"Applied Materials Today","volume":"40 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.3,"publicationDate":"2024-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141931146","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In recent decades, silicon has been widely used in light regulation devices, owing to its wideband high refractive index and low dispersion. To meet the increasing demands for various applications, optical modulation techniques appear of great potential to enhance the optical performance of Si-based devices. However, challenges still remain in achieving precise control over the band structure and resonance modes without introducing complex artificial structures. In this study, a composite film composed of silicon embedded with high fraction aluminum nanowires was developed by magnetron sputtering. It was revealed that the formation of aluminum nanowires was attributed to the spontaneous phase separation between silicon and aluminum, which was strongly dependent on the filling fraction and surface diffusion length of the aluminum during the co-sputtering process. The composite microstructure was precisely regulated by manipulating adatom diffusion and reevaporation through ion bombardment, thereby modifying its broadband optical properties. Moreover, exceptional electromagnetic properties were achieved by incorporating aluminum nanowires into silicon, as evidenced by the metallic behaviors in the short-wavelength regime and dielectric properties in the infrared spectrum range.
{"title":"Al nanowire-embedded silicon for broadband optical modulation: Forming mechanism and optical performance","authors":"Yuxin Jiang, Hualin Chen, Zhilin Chen, Hui Xiong, Qiuju Zhang, Hao Chen, Junhua Gao, Hongtao Cao","doi":"10.1016/j.apmt.2024.102353","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apmt.2024.102353","url":null,"abstract":"In recent decades, silicon has been widely used in light regulation devices, owing to its wideband high refractive index and low dispersion. To meet the increasing demands for various applications, optical modulation techniques appear of great potential to enhance the optical performance of Si-based devices. However, challenges still remain in achieving precise control over the band structure and resonance modes without introducing complex artificial structures. In this study, a composite film composed of silicon embedded with high fraction aluminum nanowires was developed by magnetron sputtering. It was revealed that the formation of aluminum nanowires was attributed to the spontaneous phase separation between silicon and aluminum, which was strongly dependent on the filling fraction and surface diffusion length of the aluminum during the co-sputtering process. The composite microstructure was precisely regulated by manipulating adatom diffusion and reevaporation through ion bombardment, thereby modifying its broadband optical properties. Moreover, exceptional electromagnetic properties were achieved by incorporating aluminum nanowires into silicon, as evidenced by the metallic behaviors in the short-wavelength regime and dielectric properties in the infrared spectrum range.","PeriodicalId":8066,"journal":{"name":"Applied Materials Today","volume":"19 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.3,"publicationDate":"2024-07-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141931180","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-27DOI: 10.1016/j.apmt.2024.102351
Teliang Lu, Yongyi Liang, Luhui Zhang, Xinyuan Yuan, Jiandong Ye
This study aimed to enhance the bone-forming performance of β-TCP ceramic scaffolds by incorporating porosity-generating polystyrene microspheres. The microspheres were blended with the β-TCP powder and sintered to produce porous ceramics with varying porosities and mesopore sizes. Optimal conditions for manufacturing scaffolds with hierarchical pore structures were identified, and their impact on ectopic bone formation and bone defect repair was assessed. Increasing the volume of microspheres enhanced porosity while reducing compressive strength. The optimal microsphere content was determined to be 20 %, which resulted in increased alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity and up-regulated expression of osteogenesis-related genes. Introduction of microspheres of different sizes (10, 20, 40, and 70 μm) effectively yielded porous β-TCP ceramics with mesopores that promoted cell attachment and spreading. Scaffolds with 40 μm mesopores demonstrated superior cell attachment and enhanced osteogenic differentiation. The integration of microspheres and 3D printing enabled the fabrication of hierarchical porous β-TCP ceramic scaffolds, featuring mm-scale macropores between struts, mesopores ranging from 10 to 100 μm within the struts, and micropores smaller than 10 μm. Stem cells cultured on scaffolds with 500 μm macropores exhibited elevated osteogenic gene expression compared to those with 300 μm macropores. Both 40 μm mesopores and 500 μm macropores accelerated degradation of the scaffolds, with the macropores exerting a more pronounced effect. New bone tissue can grow into the mesopores within the struts of the scaffold. Moreover, the β-TCP ceramic scaffold with 40 μm mesopores and 500 μm macropores demonstrated superior ectopic osteogenic performance and bone defect repair efficacy. These findings hold significance in addressing the challenges linked to the absence of mesopores and suboptimal osteogenic effects in conventional β-TCP ceramics. It is anticipated that these outcomes will contribute to the expanded utilization of β-TCP ceramic scaffolds in clinical bone repair applications.
{"title":"Fabrication of β-TCP ceramic scaffold with hierarchical pore structure using 3D printing and porogen: Investigation of osteoinductive and bone defects repair properties","authors":"Teliang Lu, Yongyi Liang, Luhui Zhang, Xinyuan Yuan, Jiandong Ye","doi":"10.1016/j.apmt.2024.102351","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apmt.2024.102351","url":null,"abstract":"This study aimed to enhance the bone-forming performance of β-TCP ceramic scaffolds by incorporating porosity-generating polystyrene microspheres. The microspheres were blended with the β-TCP powder and sintered to produce porous ceramics with varying porosities and mesopore sizes. Optimal conditions for manufacturing scaffolds with hierarchical pore structures were identified, and their impact on ectopic bone formation and bone defect repair was assessed. Increasing the volume of microspheres enhanced porosity while reducing compressive strength. The optimal microsphere content was determined to be 20 %, which resulted in increased alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity and up-regulated expression of osteogenesis-related genes. Introduction of microspheres of different sizes (10, 20, 40, and 70 μm) effectively yielded porous β-TCP ceramics with mesopores that promoted cell attachment and spreading. Scaffolds with 40 μm mesopores demonstrated superior cell attachment and enhanced osteogenic differentiation. The integration of microspheres and 3D printing enabled the fabrication of hierarchical porous β-TCP ceramic scaffolds, featuring mm-scale macropores between struts, mesopores ranging from 10 to 100 μm within the struts, and micropores smaller than 10 μm. Stem cells cultured on scaffolds with 500 μm macropores exhibited elevated osteogenic gene expression compared to those with 300 μm macropores. Both 40 μm mesopores and 500 μm macropores accelerated degradation of the scaffolds, with the macropores exerting a more pronounced effect. New bone tissue can grow into the mesopores within the struts of the scaffold. Moreover, the β-TCP ceramic scaffold with 40 μm mesopores and 500 μm macropores demonstrated superior ectopic osteogenic performance and bone defect repair efficacy. These findings hold significance in addressing the challenges linked to the absence of mesopores and suboptimal osteogenic effects in conventional β-TCP ceramics. It is anticipated that these outcomes will contribute to the expanded utilization of β-TCP ceramic scaffolds in clinical bone repair applications.","PeriodicalId":8066,"journal":{"name":"Applied Materials Today","volume":"68 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.3,"publicationDate":"2024-07-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141931181","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-25DOI: 10.1016/j.apmt.2024.102342
Siqi Sun, Lei Yu, Junchen Teng, Yuzhe Gu, Yuncong Pang, Xiuwen Xu, Wei Wang, Yang Li
The optimization of conductive hydrogels, pivotal components in wearable devices, has garnered significant attention from researchers worldwide. Utilizing deep eutectic solvents (DES), the emergence of novel soft materials known as conductive gels has gained traction due to their cost-effectiveness, non-volatility, non-toxicity, and exceptional biocompatibility. However, a comprehensive understanding of their characteristics, preparation methods, and application potential is needed to fully harness these benefits. This review begins by contrasting the technical specifications of eutectic gels and delineating key performance parameters to encapsulate their properties. Subsequently, it delves into the preparation methods and structural design classifications of eutectic gels, evaluating the advantages and drawbacks of various structural types. Finally, it outlines the primary application domains and scenarios of eutectic gels, highlighting certain deficiencies while envisioning their future developmental prospects.
{"title":"Eutectic gels: Presentation and prospect","authors":"Siqi Sun, Lei Yu, Junchen Teng, Yuzhe Gu, Yuncong Pang, Xiuwen Xu, Wei Wang, Yang Li","doi":"10.1016/j.apmt.2024.102342","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apmt.2024.102342","url":null,"abstract":"The optimization of conductive hydrogels, pivotal components in wearable devices, has garnered significant attention from researchers worldwide. Utilizing deep eutectic solvents (DES), the emergence of novel soft materials known as conductive gels has gained traction due to their cost-effectiveness, non-volatility, non-toxicity, and exceptional biocompatibility. However, a comprehensive understanding of their characteristics, preparation methods, and application potential is needed to fully harness these benefits. This review begins by contrasting the technical specifications of eutectic gels and delineating key performance parameters to encapsulate their properties. Subsequently, it delves into the preparation methods and structural design classifications of eutectic gels, evaluating the advantages and drawbacks of various structural types. Finally, it outlines the primary application domains and scenarios of eutectic gels, highlighting certain deficiencies while envisioning their future developmental prospects.","PeriodicalId":8066,"journal":{"name":"Applied Materials Today","volume":"92 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.3,"publicationDate":"2024-07-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141931184","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-25DOI: 10.1016/j.apmt.2024.102348
Marianna TP Favaro, Hèctor López-Laguna, Eric Voltà-Durán, Lorena Alba-Castellon, Julieta M. Sánchez, Isolda Casanova, Ugutz Unzueta, Ramón Mangues, Antonio Villaverde, Esther Vázquez
The secretory granules from the mammalian endocrine system are functional amyloids that act as dynamic depots to store and release protein hormones into the bloodstream. The controlled in vitro coordination between divalent cations and solvent-exposed histidine residues triggers reversible, cross-molecular interactions that result in granular protein aggregates with protein-leaking properties. While these synthetic particles are mechanically stable, they progressively disintegrate and release their protein building blocks, mimicking the performance of secretory granules. Envisaged as delivery systems for endocrine-like, time-sustained protein release, their clinical applicability should be supported by robust storage procedures, so far unset. Being lyophilization a desirable storage method for protein drugs, how this procedure could preserve the performance of clinically oriented functional amyloids is a neglected issue. We have here explored, tailored and validated lyophilization as an industrially and clinically friendly, fully scalable approach to the storage of functional amyloids aimed at secretion of protein-only nanoparticles. By doing so, protein-protein interactions in such materials have been characterized, and citrate identified as an efficient modulator of the temporal secretion profile, through which the sustainability of the leaking process can be finely regulated.
{"title":"Lyophilization of biomimetic amyloids preserves their regulatable, endocrine-like functions for nanoparticle release","authors":"Marianna TP Favaro, Hèctor López-Laguna, Eric Voltà-Durán, Lorena Alba-Castellon, Julieta M. Sánchez, Isolda Casanova, Ugutz Unzueta, Ramón Mangues, Antonio Villaverde, Esther Vázquez","doi":"10.1016/j.apmt.2024.102348","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apmt.2024.102348","url":null,"abstract":"The secretory granules from the mammalian endocrine system are functional amyloids that act as dynamic depots to store and release protein hormones into the bloodstream. The controlled in vitro coordination between divalent cations and solvent-exposed histidine residues triggers reversible, cross-molecular interactions that result in granular protein aggregates with protein-leaking properties. While these synthetic particles are mechanically stable, they progressively disintegrate and release their protein building blocks, mimicking the performance of secretory granules. Envisaged as delivery systems for endocrine-like, time-sustained protein release, their clinical applicability should be supported by robust storage procedures, so far unset. Being lyophilization a desirable storage method for protein drugs, how this procedure could preserve the performance of clinically oriented functional amyloids is a neglected issue. We have here explored, tailored and validated lyophilization as an industrially and clinically friendly, fully scalable approach to the storage of functional amyloids aimed at secretion of protein-only nanoparticles. By doing so, protein-protein interactions in such materials have been characterized, and citrate identified as an efficient modulator of the temporal secretion profile, through which the sustainability of the leaking process can be finely regulated.","PeriodicalId":8066,"journal":{"name":"Applied Materials Today","volume":"75 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.3,"publicationDate":"2024-07-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141931182","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-25DOI: 10.1016/j.apmt.2024.102337
G Chandana, Pritom J. Bora, Praveen C. Ramamurthy, Nagarajan Raghavan
This work introduces a chemically facile approach for synthesizing cross-linked polyvinyl butyral (XPVB) at room temperature, utilizing divinyl sulfone (DVS) as the cross-linking agent. Leveraging data-driven discovery methods, we optimize the DVS concentration to enhance the material's reflection loss (RL) performance, establishing XPVB as a formidable contender in microwave absorption without the need for conventional filler materials. Gaussian Process Regression (GPR) was used in this analysis, the material's development process was streamlined to achieve a high-fidelity predictive model that closely aligns with the observed experimental data. The synergy between our GPR model and the empirical evidence is particularly noteworthy, with the GPR predictions exhibiting exceptional agreement across the investigated frequency range, especially in the Ku-band, where high RL values are crucial. These findings indicate that XPVB exhibits exceptional dielectric properties that translate into an unprecedented absorption bandwidth encompassing the entire Ku-band, paired with strong RL, thereby achieving a significant attenuation of electromagnetic waves even at minimal material thicknesses. The optimized XPVB sample, without any filler addition, delivers an exceptional RL performance. Notably, a 2.4 mm-thick XPVB sample demonstrated an extraordinary RL value of -44 dB with RL≤-10 dB absorption Ku-bandwidth (12.4–18 GHz), showcasing the material's potential as a standalone absorber. This synthesis methodology, combined with the analytical approach, lays the groundwork for further research and development in microwave absorbers and has the potential to significantly impact the fields of defense, telecommunications and self-powered devices by providing a new standard for material performance.
这项工作介绍了一种利用二乙烯基砜（DVS）作为交联剂，在室温下合成交联聚乙烯醇缩丁醛（XPVB）的简便化学方法。利用数据驱动的发现方法，我们优化了 DVS 的浓度，从而提高了材料的反射损耗 (RL) 性能，使 XPVB 成为微波吸收领域的有力竞争者，而无需传统的填充材料。分析中使用了高斯过程回归 (GPR)，简化了材料的开发过程，以实现与观察到的实验数据密切吻合的高保真预测模型。我们的 GPR 模型与经验证据之间的协同作用尤其值得注意，GPR 预测结果在整个调查频率范围内表现出卓越的一致性，尤其是在高 RL 值至关重要的 Ku 波段。这些研究结果表明，XPVB 具有优异的介电特性，可转化为前所未有的吸收带宽，涵盖整个 Ku 波段，同时具有很强的 RL，因此即使在材料厚度极小的情况下也能显著衰减电磁波。经过优化的 XPVB 样品不添加任何填料，具有卓越的 RL 性能。值得注意的是，2.4 毫米厚的 XPVB 样品显示出 -44 dB 的非凡 RL 值，RL≤-10 dB 吸收 Ku 带宽（12.4-18 GHz），展示了该材料作为独立吸收体的潜力。这种合成方法与分析方法相结合，为进一步研究和开发微波吸收器奠定了基础，并有可能通过提供材料性能的新标准，对国防、电信和自供电设备领域产生重大影响。
{"title":"Exploring robust microwave absorption properties of functional polyvinyl butyral (PVB) via facile cross-linking and data-driven material discovery","authors":"G Chandana, Pritom J. Bora, Praveen C. Ramamurthy, Nagarajan Raghavan","doi":"10.1016/j.apmt.2024.102337","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apmt.2024.102337","url":null,"abstract":"This work introduces a chemically facile approach for synthesizing cross-linked polyvinyl butyral (XPVB) at room temperature, utilizing divinyl sulfone (DVS) as the cross-linking agent. Leveraging data-driven discovery methods, we optimize the DVS concentration to enhance the material's reflection loss (RL) performance, establishing XPVB as a formidable contender in microwave absorption without the need for conventional filler materials. Gaussian Process Regression (GPR) was used in this analysis, the material's development process was streamlined to achieve a high-fidelity predictive model that closely aligns with the observed experimental data. The synergy between our GPR model and the empirical evidence is particularly noteworthy, with the GPR predictions exhibiting exceptional agreement across the investigated frequency range, especially in the Ku-band, where high RL values are crucial. These findings indicate that XPVB exhibits exceptional dielectric properties that translate into an unprecedented absorption bandwidth encompassing the entire Ku-band, paired with strong RL, thereby achieving a significant attenuation of electromagnetic waves even at minimal material thicknesses. The optimized XPVB sample, without any filler addition, delivers an exceptional RL performance. Notably, a 2.4 mm-thick XPVB sample demonstrated an extraordinary RL value of -44 dB with RL≤-10 dB absorption Ku-bandwidth (12.4–18 GHz), showcasing the material's potential as a standalone absorber. This synthesis methodology, combined with the analytical approach, lays the groundwork for further research and development in microwave absorbers and has the potential to significantly impact the fields of defense, telecommunications and self-powered devices by providing a new standard for material performance.","PeriodicalId":8066,"journal":{"name":"Applied Materials Today","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.3,"publicationDate":"2024-07-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141931150","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-25DOI: 10.1016/j.apmt.2024.102345
Jiahao Li, Bo Wang, Jun Wu
The current nonreciprocal thermal emitter has been proven to completely violate the previous Kirchhoff's law. And the majority of related nonreciprocal devices operate under single polarization with few dual-polarization nonreciprocal designs. Therefore, dual-polarization nonreciprocal thermal radiation has great research prospects. In addition, many previous designs of nonreciprocal devices required external magnetic field energy of 3 T even higher, which is difficult to meet in practical applications. Therefore, this article investigates the strong nonreciprocal dual-polarization thermal radiation of cuboid arrays under lower external magnetic field. It is constructed by silicon, silver layer, InAs layer, and cuboid arrays. Finally, dual-polarization nonreciprocal radiation was achieved in a magnetic field of only 0.9 T, and the nonreciprocal efficiency has been significantly improved. The physical phenomenon of dual-polarization strong nonreciprocal radiation exhibited by the proposed device was explained by utilizing the electromagnetic field distribution at the resonant wavelength. It can also maintain good nonreciprocal properties under different structural parameters. Therefore, our proposed solution provides new opportunities for energy harvesting and thermal radiation control.
目前的非互易热发射器已被证明完全违反了之前的基尔霍夫定律。而相关的非互易器件大多在单极化条件下工作，很少有双极化非互易设计。因此，双极化非互易热辐射具有很大的研究前景。此外，以往许多非互惠器件的设计需要 3 T 甚至更高的外部磁场能量，这在实际应用中很难满足。因此，本文研究了立方体阵列在较低外磁场下的强非互惠双极化热辐射。它由硅、银层、InAs 层和立方体阵列构成。最后，在仅为 0.9 T 的磁场中实现了双极化非互易辐射，非互易效率显著提高。利用谐振波长处的电磁场分布，解释了所提装置表现出的双极化强非互易辐射的物理现象。它还能在不同的结构参数下保持良好的非互易特性。因此，我们提出的解决方案为能量收集和热辐射控制提供了新的机遇。
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Pub Date : 2024-07-24DOI: 10.1016/j.apmt.2024.102349
Tongtong Zhang, Bo Zhuang, Feng Zhang, Tianyu Yuan, Ziyuan Chen, Bochuan Yuan, Shiqiang Wang, Wei Qu, Wei Ma, Lina Du, Yiguang Jin
Stents are hollow tubular medical devices for unblocking conduits; the most common of these are coronary stents. Stents are also used for other organs, such as tracheal stents to treat airway stenosis. However, the clinical performance of conventional tracheal stents is limited by the improper size and lack of an active drug, leading to stent mitigation and restenosis. In the current study, a customized C-type tracheal stent (C-stent) was rationally designed and precisely three-dimensional (3D)-printed to match the individual tracheal geometry. The C-stent was layer-by-layer coated with curcumin chitosan nanoparticles and hyaluronic acid (HA) by electrostatic adsorption in turn, endowing the stent with better toughness, visible monitoring, and sustained drug release. The functional layers of the coated C-stent (curcumin-loaded C-stent, Cur-C-stent) effectively inhibited MRC-5 fibroblast cells by curcumin, and remarkably promoted Beas-2B epithelial cells in the presence of HA. The curcumin was sustainedly released from the implanted Cur-C-stent and took effect at the site of the injured airway. A 3D-printed muricate stick was used to establish tracheal stenosis in rat models by scratching the inner airway wall. The implanted Cur-C-stent effectively prevented tracheal stenosis by reducing collagen deposition and inflammation, while simultaneously promoting tracheal epithelial healing and alleviating secondary lung injury. The Cur-C-stent shows great promise in preventing airway stenosis after tracheal trauma and promoting wound healing.
支架是用于疏通管道的空心管状医疗器械，其中最常见的是冠状动脉支架。支架也可用于其他器官，如治疗气道狭窄的气管支架。然而，传统气管支架的临床表现因尺寸不合适和缺乏活性药物而受到限制，导致支架缓解和再狭窄。本研究合理设计并精确三维（3D）打印了定制的 C 型气管支架（C 支架），使其与气管的几何形状相匹配。C 型支架通过静电吸附逐层涂覆姜黄素壳聚糖纳米颗粒和透明质酸（HA），使支架具有更好的韧性、可视监测和持续释药功能。涂覆 C 支架（姜黄素负载 C 支架，Cur-C-stent）的功能层在姜黄素的作用下能有效抑制 MRC-5 成纤维细胞，在 HA 的作用下能显著促进 Beas-2B 上皮细胞。姜黄素从植入的 Cur-C 支架中持续释放，并在损伤的气道部位发挥作用。在大鼠模型中，使用三维打印的榈棒通过划伤气道内壁来建立气管狭窄。植入的 Cur-C 支架通过减少胶原沉积和炎症，有效防止了气管狭窄，同时促进了气管上皮愈合，减轻了继发性肺损伤。Cur-C支架在预防气管创伤后气道狭窄和促进伤口愈合方面大有可为。
{"title":"Multilayer coating of a 3D-printed tracheal stent prevents tracheal stenosis","authors":"Tongtong Zhang, Bo Zhuang, Feng Zhang, Tianyu Yuan, Ziyuan Chen, Bochuan Yuan, Shiqiang Wang, Wei Qu, Wei Ma, Lina Du, Yiguang Jin","doi":"10.1016/j.apmt.2024.102349","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apmt.2024.102349","url":null,"abstract":"Stents are hollow tubular medical devices for unblocking conduits; the most common of these are coronary stents. Stents are also used for other organs, such as tracheal stents to treat airway stenosis. However, the clinical performance of conventional tracheal stents is limited by the improper size and lack of an active drug, leading to stent mitigation and restenosis. In the current study, a customized C-type tracheal stent (C-stent) was rationally designed and precisely three-dimensional (3D)-printed to match the individual tracheal geometry. The C-stent was layer-by-layer coated with curcumin chitosan nanoparticles and hyaluronic acid (HA) by electrostatic adsorption in turn, endowing the stent with better toughness, visible monitoring, and sustained drug release. The functional layers of the coated C-stent (curcumin-loaded C-stent, Cur-C-stent) effectively inhibited MRC-5 fibroblast cells by curcumin, and remarkably promoted Beas-2B epithelial cells in the presence of HA. The curcumin was sustainedly released from the implanted Cur-C-stent and took effect at the site of the injured airway. A 3D-printed muricate stick was used to establish tracheal stenosis in rat models by scratching the inner airway wall. The implanted Cur-C-stent effectively prevented tracheal stenosis by reducing collagen deposition and inflammation, while simultaneously promoting tracheal epithelial healing and alleviating secondary lung injury. The Cur-C-stent shows great promise in preventing airway stenosis after tracheal trauma and promoting wound healing.","PeriodicalId":8066,"journal":{"name":"Applied Materials Today","volume":"2 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.3,"publicationDate":"2024-07-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141931185","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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