Marie C. Ertl, Michael Jaidl, Benedikt Limbacher, Dominik Theiner, Miriam Giparakis, Stefania Isceri, Maximilian Beiser, Aaron Maxwell Andrews, Gottfried Strasser, Juraj Darmo, Karl Unterrainer
We present mutual optical coupling in terahertz (THz) quantum cascade wire laser arrays that are flip-chip bonded to a dielectric substrate. The mounting substrate is patterned for individual electrical contacting of each wire laser of the array. The resulting sandwich-like structure supports wire laser modes with a significant part propagating outside the cavity and mediates the long range coupling. The evanescent field part of the modes couples to the adjoining ridge, which, in turn, leads to mutual optical injection-locking between them. We demonstrate this effect for both geometrically similar and dissimilar wire lasers when biased in pulsed operation with temporally overlapping bias pulses. Finite element simulations confirm our measurement results. By applying time-shifted bias pulses to individual array elements, a controllable optical injection seeding of the wire cavity is achieved. We observe intensity modification of the laser modes with changing bias pulse overlap as a result of the injection locking. By choosing both the physical spacing of the laser ridges and the intensity of the seeding laser correctly, the relative intensities of the favored lasing modes are enhanced up to 95 percent. Understanding the coupling in THz wire laser arrays is important for future device improvements in terms of higher continuous-wave operating temperatures through better thermal dissipation, and higher output power and an improved far field due to controlled coupling of their modes.
{"title":"Coupled terahertz quantum cascade wire lasers","authors":"Marie C. Ertl, Michael Jaidl, Benedikt Limbacher, Dominik Theiner, Miriam Giparakis, Stefania Isceri, Maximilian Beiser, Aaron Maxwell Andrews, Gottfried Strasser, Juraj Darmo, Karl Unterrainer","doi":"10.1063/5.0230401","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0230401","url":null,"abstract":"We present mutual optical coupling in terahertz (THz) quantum cascade wire laser arrays that are flip-chip bonded to a dielectric substrate. The mounting substrate is patterned for individual electrical contacting of each wire laser of the array. The resulting sandwich-like structure supports wire laser modes with a significant part propagating outside the cavity and mediates the long range coupling. The evanescent field part of the modes couples to the adjoining ridge, which, in turn, leads to mutual optical injection-locking between them. We demonstrate this effect for both geometrically similar and dissimilar wire lasers when biased in pulsed operation with temporally overlapping bias pulses. Finite element simulations confirm our measurement results. By applying time-shifted bias pulses to individual array elements, a controllable optical injection seeding of the wire cavity is achieved. We observe intensity modification of the laser modes with changing bias pulse overlap as a result of the injection locking. By choosing both the physical spacing of the laser ridges and the intensity of the seeding laser correctly, the relative intensities of the favored lasing modes are enhanced up to 95 percent. Understanding the coupling in THz wire laser arrays is important for future device improvements in terms of higher continuous-wave operating temperatures through better thermal dissipation, and higher output power and an improved far field due to controlled coupling of their modes.","PeriodicalId":8094,"journal":{"name":"Applied Physics Letters","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142246844","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Alexander Yulaev, Chad Ropp, John Kitching, Vladimir A. Aksyuk, Matthew T. Hummon
We demonstrate chip-scale sub-Doppler spectroscopy in an integrated and fiber-coupled photonic-metasurface device. The device is a stack of three planar components: a photonic mode expanding grating emitter circuit with a monolithically integrated tilt-compensating dielectric metasurface, a microfabricated atomic vapor cell, and a mirror. The metasurface photonic circuit efficiently emits a 130 μm wide (1/e2 diameter) collimated surface-normal beam with only −6.3 dB loss and couples the reflected beam back into the waveguide and connecting fiber, requiring no alignment between the stacked components. We develop a simple model based on light propagation through the photonic device to interpret the atomic spectroscopy signals and explain spectral features covering the full Rb hyperfine state manifold. The demonstration of waveguide-to-waveguide coupling through the vapor cell paves the way for atomic ensembles to be used as components in complex photonic integrated circuits, allowing the unique properties of atomic systems to be available for future highly miniaturized optical devices and systems.
{"title":"Chip-scale sub-Doppler atomic spectroscopy enabled by a metasurface integrated photonic emitter","authors":"Alexander Yulaev, Chad Ropp, John Kitching, Vladimir A. Aksyuk, Matthew T. Hummon","doi":"10.1063/5.0222456","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0222456","url":null,"abstract":"We demonstrate chip-scale sub-Doppler spectroscopy in an integrated and fiber-coupled photonic-metasurface device. The device is a stack of three planar components: a photonic mode expanding grating emitter circuit with a monolithically integrated tilt-compensating dielectric metasurface, a microfabricated atomic vapor cell, and a mirror. The metasurface photonic circuit efficiently emits a 130 μm wide (1/e2 diameter) collimated surface-normal beam with only −6.3 dB loss and couples the reflected beam back into the waveguide and connecting fiber, requiring no alignment between the stacked components. We develop a simple model based on light propagation through the photonic device to interpret the atomic spectroscopy signals and explain spectral features covering the full Rb hyperfine state manifold. The demonstration of waveguide-to-waveguide coupling through the vapor cell paves the way for atomic ensembles to be used as components in complex photonic integrated circuits, allowing the unique properties of atomic systems to be available for future highly miniaturized optical devices and systems.","PeriodicalId":8094,"journal":{"name":"Applied Physics Letters","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142246733","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Polarization detection plays a significant role in optics. However, the current detection methods usually involve mechanically rotating components, multiple measurement steps, complicated optical design, and precise microfabrication process. To address this issue, we propose a single-shot method to detect the polarization state of light based on a highly scattering system, which is constituted by a spatial light modulator and a highly scattering medium. When the incident light beam shaped by a superimposed wavefront is incident on a highly scattering medium, the foci represented the six components at horizontal, vertical, diagonal, antidiagonal, right circularly polarized, and left circularly polarized directions will appear behind the highly scattering medium simultaneously. By measuring the intensities of these six foci, all the Stokes parameters can be extracted. Taking advantage of the measured Stokes parameters, the orientation angle of major axis, the ellipticity, and the handedness of the polarization ellipse of incident light beam can be determined. Various light beams with different polarization states are detected to demonstrate the viability of the method. The experimental results and theoretical values are in a good agreement. Compared to the existing methods, this approach is fast, free of complicated fabrication, and independent of mechanical movement. The proposed method is expected to promote the development of real-time and broadband polarimetry.
{"title":"Single-shot polarization detection with a highly scattering system","authors":"Haokai Gong, Xiaomin Yang, Yangjian Cai, Qian Zhao","doi":"10.1063/5.0226988","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0226988","url":null,"abstract":"Polarization detection plays a significant role in optics. However, the current detection methods usually involve mechanically rotating components, multiple measurement steps, complicated optical design, and precise microfabrication process. To address this issue, we propose a single-shot method to detect the polarization state of light based on a highly scattering system, which is constituted by a spatial light modulator and a highly scattering medium. When the incident light beam shaped by a superimposed wavefront is incident on a highly scattering medium, the foci represented the six components at horizontal, vertical, diagonal, antidiagonal, right circularly polarized, and left circularly polarized directions will appear behind the highly scattering medium simultaneously. By measuring the intensities of these six foci, all the Stokes parameters can be extracted. Taking advantage of the measured Stokes parameters, the orientation angle of major axis, the ellipticity, and the handedness of the polarization ellipse of incident light beam can be determined. Various light beams with different polarization states are detected to demonstrate the viability of the method. The experimental results and theoretical values are in a good agreement. Compared to the existing methods, this approach is fast, free of complicated fabrication, and independent of mechanical movement. The proposed method is expected to promote the development of real-time and broadband polarimetry.","PeriodicalId":8094,"journal":{"name":"Applied Physics Letters","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142247035","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
T.-Y. Huang, T. Borrely, Y.-C. Yang, A. Alzeidan, G. M. Jacobsen, M. D. Teodoro, A. A. Quivy, R. S. Goldman
We have investigated the origins of photoluminescence from quantum dot (QD) layers prepared by alternating depositions of sub-monolayers and a few monolayers of size-mismatched species, termed as sub-monolayer (SML) epitaxy, in comparison with their Stranski–Krastanov (SK) QD counterparts. Using measured nanostructure sizes and local In-compositions from local-electrode atom probe tomography as input into self-consistent Schrödinger–Poisson simulations, we compute the 3D confinement energies, probability densities, and photoluminescence (PL) spectra for both InAs/GaAs SML- and SK-QD layers. A comparison of the computed and measured PL spectra suggests one-dimensional electron confinement, with significant 3D hole localization in the SML-QD layers that contribute to their enhanced PL efficiency in comparison to their SK-QD counterparts.
{"title":"Influence of carrier localization on photoluminescence emission from sub-monolayer quantum dot layers","authors":"T.-Y. Huang, T. Borrely, Y.-C. Yang, A. Alzeidan, G. M. Jacobsen, M. D. Teodoro, A. A. Quivy, R. S. Goldman","doi":"10.1063/5.0219815","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0219815","url":null,"abstract":"We have investigated the origins of photoluminescence from quantum dot (QD) layers prepared by alternating depositions of sub-monolayers and a few monolayers of size-mismatched species, termed as sub-monolayer (SML) epitaxy, in comparison with their Stranski–Krastanov (SK) QD counterparts. Using measured nanostructure sizes and local In-compositions from local-electrode atom probe tomography as input into self-consistent Schrödinger–Poisson simulations, we compute the 3D confinement energies, probability densities, and photoluminescence (PL) spectra for both InAs/GaAs SML- and SK-QD layers. A comparison of the computed and measured PL spectra suggests one-dimensional electron confinement, with significant 3D hole localization in the SML-QD layers that contribute to their enhanced PL efficiency in comparison to their SK-QD counterparts.","PeriodicalId":8094,"journal":{"name":"Applied Physics Letters","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142245999","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Rakhul Raj, K. Saravanan, S. Amirthapandian, V. Raghavendra Reddy
In the forefront of spintronic advancements, structures with strong perpendicular magnetic anisotropy (PMA) such as Pt/Co/Pt are essential for the miniaturization and performance enhancement of high-density magnetic storage technologies. The robust PMA characteristic of these systems facilitates the development of scalable spintronic devices, crucial for next-generation magnetic memory applications. This study investigates the interplay between PMA and the Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya interaction (DMI)—an antisymmetric exchange interaction prevalent in non-centrosymmetric magnetic systems—and its dissipative counterpart, chiral damping. While chiral damping arises from the same broken inversion symmetry as DMI, it typically introduces an additional energy dissipation channel, reducing device efficiency. Our research examines the effects of controlled helium ion (He+) irradiation on a Pt/Co/Pt system. We find that ion beam irradiation enhances interfacial intermixing, which correlates with a decrease in PMA. However, domain wall velocity measurements indicate a concurrent reduction in both DMI and chiral damping, along with enhanced velocities as irradiation fluence increases. These observations suggest that ion beam irradiation can be judiciously applied to achieve a balance between lower DMI, chiral damping, and reasonable PMA, thereby optimizing the system for improved device performance.
{"title":"Control of chiral damping in magnetic trilayers using He+ ion irradiation","authors":"Rakhul Raj, K. Saravanan, S. Amirthapandian, V. Raghavendra Reddy","doi":"10.1063/5.0228794","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0228794","url":null,"abstract":"In the forefront of spintronic advancements, structures with strong perpendicular magnetic anisotropy (PMA) such as Pt/Co/Pt are essential for the miniaturization and performance enhancement of high-density magnetic storage technologies. The robust PMA characteristic of these systems facilitates the development of scalable spintronic devices, crucial for next-generation magnetic memory applications. This study investigates the interplay between PMA and the Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya interaction (DMI)—an antisymmetric exchange interaction prevalent in non-centrosymmetric magnetic systems—and its dissipative counterpart, chiral damping. While chiral damping arises from the same broken inversion symmetry as DMI, it typically introduces an additional energy dissipation channel, reducing device efficiency. Our research examines the effects of controlled helium ion (He+) irradiation on a Pt/Co/Pt system. We find that ion beam irradiation enhances interfacial intermixing, which correlates with a decrease in PMA. However, domain wall velocity measurements indicate a concurrent reduction in both DMI and chiral damping, along with enhanced velocities as irradiation fluence increases. These observations suggest that ion beam irradiation can be judiciously applied to achieve a balance between lower DMI, chiral damping, and reasonable PMA, thereby optimizing the system for improved device performance.","PeriodicalId":8094,"journal":{"name":"Applied Physics Letters","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142245993","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The electronic bandgap of a material is often fixed after fabrication. The capability to realize on-demand and nonvolatile control over the bandgap will unlock exciting opportunities for adaptive devices with enhanced functionalities and efficiency. We introduce a general design principle for on-demand and nonvolatile control of bandgap values, which utilizes reversible sliding-induced polarization driven by an external electric field to modulate the irreversible background polarization in asymmetric two-dimensional (2D) multilayers. The structural asymmetry can be conveniently achieved in homobilayers of Janus monolayers and heterobilayers of nonpolar monolayers, making the design principle applicable to a broad range of 2D materials. We demonstrate the versatility of this design principle using experimentally synthesized Janus metal dichalcogenide multilayers as examples. Our first-principles calculations show that the bandgap modulation can reach up to 0.3 eV and even support a semimetal-to-semiconductor transition. By integrating a ferroelectric monolayer represented by 1T″′-MoS2 into a bilayer, we show that the combination of intrinsic ferroelectricity and sliding ferroelectricity leads to multi-bandgap systems coupled to multi-step polarization switching. The sliding-reversible bandgap modulation offers an avenue to dynamically adjust the optical, thermal, and electronic properties of 2D materials through mechanical and electrical stimuli.
{"title":"Sliding-reversible bandgap modulation in irreversible asymmetric multilayers","authors":"Changming Ke, Yudi Yang, Zhuang Qian, Shi Liu","doi":"10.1063/5.0232473","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0232473","url":null,"abstract":"The electronic bandgap of a material is often fixed after fabrication. The capability to realize on-demand and nonvolatile control over the bandgap will unlock exciting opportunities for adaptive devices with enhanced functionalities and efficiency. We introduce a general design principle for on-demand and nonvolatile control of bandgap values, which utilizes reversible sliding-induced polarization driven by an external electric field to modulate the irreversible background polarization in asymmetric two-dimensional (2D) multilayers. The structural asymmetry can be conveniently achieved in homobilayers of Janus monolayers and heterobilayers of nonpolar monolayers, making the design principle applicable to a broad range of 2D materials. We demonstrate the versatility of this design principle using experimentally synthesized Janus metal dichalcogenide multilayers as examples. Our first-principles calculations show that the bandgap modulation can reach up to 0.3 eV and even support a semimetal-to-semiconductor transition. By integrating a ferroelectric monolayer represented by 1T″′-MoS2 into a bilayer, we show that the combination of intrinsic ferroelectricity and sliding ferroelectricity leads to multi-bandgap systems coupled to multi-step polarization switching. The sliding-reversible bandgap modulation offers an avenue to dynamically adjust the optical, thermal, and electronic properties of 2D materials through mechanical and electrical stimuli.","PeriodicalId":8094,"journal":{"name":"Applied Physics Letters","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142246197","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The self-rectifying memristor (SRM) is a promising device prototype for high-density three-dimensional (3D) integration and high-efficiency in-memory computing (IMC) by virtue of its ability to effectively suppress sneak current, simple device structure, and low energy consumption. Theoretically understanding the intrinsic mechanisms of SRM is a matter of concern. Here, we fabricated a Ta/TaOx/HfO2/Pt-stacked SRM exhibiting >103 on/off ratio, rectification ratio, and nonlinearity. The SRM can be repeatedly programmed by more than 106 pulses and demonstrates robust retention and high scalability (∼59 Mbit). A reasonable interface model for this SRM is established based on first-principles calculations. Using self-energy corrected density function theory, we calculate the barrier heights at each interface. Detailed I–V curve fitting and energy band analysis are performed and computationally verified to explain the intrinsic reasons for resistive switching, self-rectifying, and nonlinear behaviors. The work may advance the development of SRM prototype to enable energy-efficient 3D IMC.
{"title":"Interface modeling analysis using density functional theory in highly reliable Pt/HfO2/TaOx/Ta self-rectifying memristor","authors":"Sheng-Guang Ren, Ge-Qi Mao, Yi-Bai Xue, Yu Zhang, Jia-Yi Sun, Wen-Bin Zuo, Yi Li, Kan-Hao Xue, Xiang-Shui Miao","doi":"10.1063/5.0227603","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0227603","url":null,"abstract":"The self-rectifying memristor (SRM) is a promising device prototype for high-density three-dimensional (3D) integration and high-efficiency in-memory computing (IMC) by virtue of its ability to effectively suppress sneak current, simple device structure, and low energy consumption. Theoretically understanding the intrinsic mechanisms of SRM is a matter of concern. Here, we fabricated a Ta/TaOx/HfO2/Pt-stacked SRM exhibiting >103 on/off ratio, rectification ratio, and nonlinearity. The SRM can be repeatedly programmed by more than 106 pulses and demonstrates robust retention and high scalability (∼59 Mbit). A reasonable interface model for this SRM is established based on first-principles calculations. Using self-energy corrected density function theory, we calculate the barrier heights at each interface. Detailed I–V curve fitting and energy band analysis are performed and computationally verified to explain the intrinsic reasons for resistive switching, self-rectifying, and nonlinear behaviors. The work may advance the development of SRM prototype to enable energy-efficient 3D IMC.","PeriodicalId":8094,"journal":{"name":"Applied Physics Letters","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142245997","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
R. Alcorta Galván, C. Croënne, B. Dubus, E. Eustache, A. Ngabonziza, A.-C. Hladky-Hennion
In this paper, piezoelectric phononic crystals made up of interdigitated combs in floating potential condition are studied. Calculation of the dispersion curves shows that, in addition to Bragg bandgaps due to the presence of periodic electrodes, supplementary bandgaps are present corresponding to electrical resonance/antiresonance of the comb pairs. Calculation of the reflection coefficient of finite-sized mirrors reveals the presence of high amplitude reflection coefficient lobes near these bandgap frequencies. The electrical response of single port resonators using these interdigitated comb mirrors fabricated with Al metallization on LiTaO3 POI substrate is contrasted with that of a resonator with classical mirrors, providing experimental verification of this mechanism for bandgap opening. Possible applications for SAW device design are finally discussed.
本文研究了浮动电位条件下由相互咬合的梳状体组成的压电声子晶体。对色散曲线的计算表明，除了由于周期性电极的存在而产生的布拉格带隙外，还存在与梳齿对的电共振/反共振相对应的补充带隙。对有限尺寸反射镜的反射系数进行计算后发现，在这些带隙频率附近存在高振幅反射系数裂片。使用这些在 LiTaO3 POI 衬底上用铝金属化制造的互插梳状反射镜的单端口谐振器的电气响应与使用传统反射镜的谐振器的电气响应进行了对比，从而为这种带隙打开机制提供了实验验证。最后讨论了声表面波器件设计的可能应用。
{"title":"Interdigitated-comb piezoelectric phononic crystals for innovative SAW devices","authors":"R. Alcorta Galván, C. Croënne, B. Dubus, E. Eustache, A. Ngabonziza, A.-C. Hladky-Hennion","doi":"10.1063/5.0222994","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0222994","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, piezoelectric phononic crystals made up of interdigitated combs in floating potential condition are studied. Calculation of the dispersion curves shows that, in addition to Bragg bandgaps due to the presence of periodic electrodes, supplementary bandgaps are present corresponding to electrical resonance/antiresonance of the comb pairs. Calculation of the reflection coefficient of finite-sized mirrors reveals the presence of high amplitude reflection coefficient lobes near these bandgap frequencies. The electrical response of single port resonators using these interdigitated comb mirrors fabricated with Al metallization on LiTaO3 POI substrate is contrasted with that of a resonator with classical mirrors, providing experimental verification of this mechanism for bandgap opening. Possible applications for SAW device design are finally discussed.","PeriodicalId":8094,"journal":{"name":"Applied Physics Letters","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142246093","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Panpan Yu, Xiaolong Chen, Jinghan Zhuang, Yijing Wu, Ziqiang Wang, Yinmei Li, Mincheng Zhong, Lei Gong
In this Letter, we report an approach for the inverse design of binary apertures to generate desired three-dimensional (3D) diffraction patterns in free space. The approach relies on an optimal accumulation algorithm, aiming to determine the distribution of the binary aperture for 3D target patterns in the regime of Fresnel diffraction. This algorithm features high fidelity for complex inverse design compared with conventional iterative algorithms. To demonstrate the validity of our method, various 2D and 3D patterns are chosen and generated using a digital micromirror device that serves as a reconfigurable binary aperture. Experimentally, the generated diffraction patterns exhibit high fidelity with respect to the target ones, achieving an averaged Pearson correlation coefficient of 0.90 for 2D patterns and 0.87 for 3D patterns, respectively. Our work may find applications in laser beam shaping, structured light illumination, and diffractive optical elements.
{"title":"Shaping 3D diffraction patterns with a binary aperture","authors":"Panpan Yu, Xiaolong Chen, Jinghan Zhuang, Yijing Wu, Ziqiang Wang, Yinmei Li, Mincheng Zhong, Lei Gong","doi":"10.1063/5.0228120","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0228120","url":null,"abstract":"In this Letter, we report an approach for the inverse design of binary apertures to generate desired three-dimensional (3D) diffraction patterns in free space. The approach relies on an optimal accumulation algorithm, aiming to determine the distribution of the binary aperture for 3D target patterns in the regime of Fresnel diffraction. This algorithm features high fidelity for complex inverse design compared with conventional iterative algorithms. To demonstrate the validity of our method, various 2D and 3D patterns are chosen and generated using a digital micromirror device that serves as a reconfigurable binary aperture. Experimentally, the generated diffraction patterns exhibit high fidelity with respect to the target ones, achieving an averaged Pearson correlation coefficient of 0.90 for 2D patterns and 0.87 for 3D patterns, respectively. Our work may find applications in laser beam shaping, structured light illumination, and diffractive optical elements.","PeriodicalId":8094,"journal":{"name":"Applied Physics Letters","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142246000","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ruonan Wang, Qiang Cao, Xiaoliang Wang, Fengchang Li
We present a hollow cylindrical three-dimensional nonlinear photonic crystal for annular beam shaping. By inducing a modification with the near-infrared femtosecond laser inside lithium niobate, we experimentally achieve second-order nonlinear optical coefficient modulation in three dimensions. The center dark spot ratio of the generated annular beam can be adjusted by varying the hollow ratio of the cylindrical structure. To demonstrate the controlled linear variation of the annular distribution, we generate annular beams with center dark spot ratios ranging from 0 to 0.7. Furthermore, we illustrate the feasibility of the generated annular beam in optical trapping by manipulating glass powder particles with diameters of 4–10 μm in water. Our hollow cylindrical structure owns effective control of beam dark spot ratio, while providing a tool for generating annular beam.
{"title":"Hollow cylindrical three-dimensional nonlinear photonic crystal for annular beam generation","authors":"Ruonan Wang, Qiang Cao, Xiaoliang Wang, Fengchang Li","doi":"10.1063/5.0219725","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0219725","url":null,"abstract":"We present a hollow cylindrical three-dimensional nonlinear photonic crystal for annular beam shaping. By inducing a modification with the near-infrared femtosecond laser inside lithium niobate, we experimentally achieve second-order nonlinear optical coefficient modulation in three dimensions. The center dark spot ratio of the generated annular beam can be adjusted by varying the hollow ratio of the cylindrical structure. To demonstrate the controlled linear variation of the annular distribution, we generate annular beams with center dark spot ratios ranging from 0 to 0.7. Furthermore, we illustrate the feasibility of the generated annular beam in optical trapping by manipulating glass powder particles with diameters of 4–10 μm in water. Our hollow cylindrical structure owns effective control of beam dark spot ratio, while providing a tool for generating annular beam.","PeriodicalId":8094,"journal":{"name":"Applied Physics Letters","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142245998","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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