Taewoong Yoon, Myungjun Cha, Dohun Kim, Hyunyong Choi
Vector magnetometry using an ensemble of nitrogen-vacancy (NV) centers holds great promise across a wide range of applications. Since NV centers are sensitive to external magnetic fields projected onto their crystallographic axes, distinguishing NV centers with different orientations is essential for fully extracting vectorial magnetic field information. While a calibrated magnetic bias field or optical polarization has been widely used for this purpose, the use of microwave fields remains relatively unexplored. Here, we demonstrate the identification of NV axes using the spatial variation of microwave magnetic fields generated by a microwave loop structure. Continuous-wave optically detected magnetic resonance scanned over the NV center ensemble shows distinct patterns that align well with a simplified model for each NV axis. After identifying the NV axes, we reconstruct the magnitude and orientation of the external magnetic field. This technique expands the potential for miniaturizing and enhancing NV-based vector magnetic sensors.
{"title":"Identifying NV center axes via spatially varying microwave fields for vector magnetometry","authors":"Taewoong Yoon, Myungjun Cha, Dohun Kim, Hyunyong Choi","doi":"10.1063/5.0243162","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0243162","url":null,"abstract":"Vector magnetometry using an ensemble of nitrogen-vacancy (NV) centers holds great promise across a wide range of applications. Since NV centers are sensitive to external magnetic fields projected onto their crystallographic axes, distinguishing NV centers with different orientations is essential for fully extracting vectorial magnetic field information. While a calibrated magnetic bias field or optical polarization has been widely used for this purpose, the use of microwave fields remains relatively unexplored. Here, we demonstrate the identification of NV axes using the spatial variation of microwave magnetic fields generated by a microwave loop structure. Continuous-wave optically detected magnetic resonance scanned over the NV center ensemble shows distinct patterns that align well with a simplified model for each NV axis. After identifying the NV axes, we reconstruct the magnitude and orientation of the external magnetic field. This technique expands the potential for miniaturizing and enhancing NV-based vector magnetic sensors.","PeriodicalId":8094,"journal":{"name":"Applied Physics Letters","volume":"37 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143798104","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Severe thermal damage to biological tissue resulting from active electrosurgical electrodes often causes corresponding tissue adhesion and reduces cutting efficiency during the surgery process. The introduction of superhydrophobic surfaces has been proven to be an effective approach for thermal damage reduction and anti-adhesion. However, the heat transfer phenomenon, especially the effect of superhydrophobic microstructures on the electrodes, has not been fully illustrated. In this study, we investigated the water droplet behavior on a superhydrophobic micro-channel (SHMC) surface and bubble dynamics of identically structured electrodes under thermal and thermoelectric coupling fields. The thicker vapor film, caused by the trapped air within microstructures on the SHMC surface, resulted in a reduced evaporation speed of droplets. Moreover, under the thermo-electric coupling field, the SHMC surface exhibited notable three-stage bubble evolution compared to the flat surface: Enhanced bubble coalescence in the initial stage, attributed to accelerated single bubble growth rates; Surface-wide nucleation with subsequent adhesion and merging events in the transition stage; Sustained tip-encapsulation in the stable stage, resulting from increased bubble generation frequency and extended departure diameters. The vapor film that continuously encapsulates the microstructures alters the heat transfer mode from thermal convection to thermal conduction and radiation, inhibiting the heat transfer of the SHMC surface. Consequently, the heat dissipation performance is enhanced, reducing the thermal damage to the biological tissue. These findings provide support for understanding the thermal damage-reducing mechanism of superhydrophobic surfaces on electrosurgical electrodes.
{"title":"Effect of superhydrophobic microstructures on the heat transfer performance of surgical electrode: Droplet and bubble dynamics investigation","authors":"Jiao Gao, Jiaao Zhang, Kaikai Li, Longsheng Lu","doi":"10.1063/5.0249968","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0249968","url":null,"abstract":"Severe thermal damage to biological tissue resulting from active electrosurgical electrodes often causes corresponding tissue adhesion and reduces cutting efficiency during the surgery process. The introduction of superhydrophobic surfaces has been proven to be an effective approach for thermal damage reduction and anti-adhesion. However, the heat transfer phenomenon, especially the effect of superhydrophobic microstructures on the electrodes, has not been fully illustrated. In this study, we investigated the water droplet behavior on a superhydrophobic micro-channel (SHMC) surface and bubble dynamics of identically structured electrodes under thermal and thermoelectric coupling fields. The thicker vapor film, caused by the trapped air within microstructures on the SHMC surface, resulted in a reduced evaporation speed of droplets. Moreover, under the thermo-electric coupling field, the SHMC surface exhibited notable three-stage bubble evolution compared to the flat surface: Enhanced bubble coalescence in the initial stage, attributed to accelerated single bubble growth rates; Surface-wide nucleation with subsequent adhesion and merging events in the transition stage; Sustained tip-encapsulation in the stable stage, resulting from increased bubble generation frequency and extended departure diameters. The vapor film that continuously encapsulates the microstructures alters the heat transfer mode from thermal convection to thermal conduction and radiation, inhibiting the heat transfer of the SHMC surface. Consequently, the heat dissipation performance is enhanced, reducing the thermal damage to the biological tissue. These findings provide support for understanding the thermal damage-reducing mechanism of superhydrophobic surfaces on electrosurgical electrodes.","PeriodicalId":8094,"journal":{"name":"Applied Physics Letters","volume":"292 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143798244","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Sheng Qiu, Yaodong Wu, Huali Yang, Run-Wei Li, Mingliang Tian, Haifeng Du, D. Wu, Jin Tang
Magnetic skyrmions are topological spin swirls possessing intriguing electromagnetic properties. The integration of skyrmion materials into flexible substrates has led to the development of flexible spintronics with high performance. However, research into flexible skyrmion materials remains limited. Here, we report the growth of [Pt/Co/Ta]10 multilayer, a typical system hosting skyrmions, on multiple flexible substrates. By combining atomic force microscopy with magnetization measurements, we establish a correlation between surface morphology and perpendicular magnetic anisotropy. The field-driven evolution of skyrmions is also discussed. Additionally, to explain the observed differences in magnetic domain structures of samples grown on flexible substrates and Si substrates, the relationship between magnetic domain width and the variations in magnetic parameters is investigated. Our findings reveal that skyrmion materials can be grown on diverse flexible substrates and tuned by substrate morphology, which shows promising prospects for wearable flexible spintronic devices.
{"title":"Magnetic skyrmions on flexible substrates","authors":"Sheng Qiu, Yaodong Wu, Huali Yang, Run-Wei Li, Mingliang Tian, Haifeng Du, D. Wu, Jin Tang","doi":"10.1063/5.0251386","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0251386","url":null,"abstract":"Magnetic skyrmions are topological spin swirls possessing intriguing electromagnetic properties. The integration of skyrmion materials into flexible substrates has led to the development of flexible spintronics with high performance. However, research into flexible skyrmion materials remains limited. Here, we report the growth of [Pt/Co/Ta]10 multilayer, a typical system hosting skyrmions, on multiple flexible substrates. By combining atomic force microscopy with magnetization measurements, we establish a correlation between surface morphology and perpendicular magnetic anisotropy. The field-driven evolution of skyrmions is also discussed. Additionally, to explain the observed differences in magnetic domain structures of samples grown on flexible substrates and Si substrates, the relationship between magnetic domain width and the variations in magnetic parameters is investigated. Our findings reveal that skyrmion materials can be grown on diverse flexible substrates and tuned by substrate morphology, which shows promising prospects for wearable flexible spintronic devices.","PeriodicalId":8094,"journal":{"name":"Applied Physics Letters","volume":"4 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143798246","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Giuseppe Colletta, Susan Johny, Jonathan A. Collins, Alessandro Casaburi, Martin Weides
In this work, we present a numerical model specifically designed for 3D multilayer devices, with a focus on nanobridge junctions and coplanar waveguides. Unlike existing numerical models, ours does not approximate the physical layout or limit the number of constituent materials, providing a more accurate and flexible design tool. We calculate critical currents, current–phase relationships, and the energy gap where relevant. We validate our model by comparing it with published data. Through our analysis, we found that using multilayer films significantly enhances control over these quantities. For nanobridge junctions in particular, multilayer structures improve qubit anharmonicity compared to monolayer junctions, offering a substantial advantage for qubit performance. For coated multilayer microwave circuits, it allows for better studies of the proximity effect, including their effective kinetic inductance.
{"title":"Modeling realistic multilayer devices for superconducting quantum electronic circuits","authors":"Giuseppe Colletta, Susan Johny, Jonathan A. Collins, Alessandro Casaburi, Martin Weides","doi":"10.1063/5.0251879","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0251879","url":null,"abstract":"In this work, we present a numerical model specifically designed for 3D multilayer devices, with a focus on nanobridge junctions and coplanar waveguides. Unlike existing numerical models, ours does not approximate the physical layout or limit the number of constituent materials, providing a more accurate and flexible design tool. We calculate critical currents, current–phase relationships, and the energy gap where relevant. We validate our model by comparing it with published data. Through our analysis, we found that using multilayer films significantly enhances control over these quantities. For nanobridge junctions in particular, multilayer structures improve qubit anharmonicity compared to monolayer junctions, offering a substantial advantage for qubit performance. For coated multilayer microwave circuits, it allows for better studies of the proximity effect, including their effective kinetic inductance.","PeriodicalId":8094,"journal":{"name":"Applied Physics Letters","volume":"38 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143798247","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This study develops, fabricates, and characterizes a deep sub-wavelength broadband acoustic metasurface for noise absorption. The metasurface is composed of micro-perforated panels coupled with extended-neck Helmholtz resonators, forming a unit absorber referred to as Helmholtz resonator absorber (MHA). Experimental results demonstrate that a 48 mm deep MHA achieves near-perfect sound absorption (>97%) at 150 Hz. This performance is realized with a sub-wavelength thickness of only 1/48 of the operating wavelength and a volume-normalized wavelength ratio of 1/54. Additionally, the MHA exhibits a half-absorption bandwidth of 48 Hz. To broaden the sound absorption bandwidth while keeping the total area constant and to further reduce the total thickness, a configuration integrating three Compact MHA (CMHA) units is proposed. Experimental results demonstrate that the CMHA achieves an average sound absorption coefficient (SAC) exceeding 0.74 in the 300–500 Hz range with an overall thickness of only 27.5 mm and an SAC > 0.88 in the 543–945 Hz range with a reduced thickness of 26.2 mm. Experimental results compare well with theoretical and numerical predictions, highlighting the potential of the proposed design for practical noise control applications.
{"title":"Deep sub-wavelength broadband metasurface with micro-perforated panels and extended-neck Helmholtz resonators","authors":"Jiayu Wang, Gareth J. Bennett","doi":"10.1063/5.0258251","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0258251","url":null,"abstract":"This study develops, fabricates, and characterizes a deep sub-wavelength broadband acoustic metasurface for noise absorption. The metasurface is composed of micro-perforated panels coupled with extended-neck Helmholtz resonators, forming a unit absorber referred to as Helmholtz resonator absorber (MHA). Experimental results demonstrate that a 48 mm deep MHA achieves near-perfect sound absorption (>97%) at 150 Hz. This performance is realized with a sub-wavelength thickness of only 1/48 of the operating wavelength and a volume-normalized wavelength ratio of 1/54. Additionally, the MHA exhibits a half-absorption bandwidth of 48 Hz. To broaden the sound absorption bandwidth while keeping the total area constant and to further reduce the total thickness, a configuration integrating three Compact MHA (CMHA) units is proposed. Experimental results demonstrate that the CMHA achieves an average sound absorption coefficient (SAC) exceeding 0.74 in the 300–500 Hz range with an overall thickness of only 27.5 mm and an SAC > 0.88 in the 543–945 Hz range with a reduced thickness of 26.2 mm. Experimental results compare well with theoretical and numerical predictions, highlighting the potential of the proposed design for practical noise control applications.","PeriodicalId":8094,"journal":{"name":"Applied Physics Letters","volume":"10 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143798377","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Volodymyr I. Fesenko, Erick R. Baca-Montero, Oleksiy V. Shulika
Vortices have diverse applications in optics, such as ultrafast singular optics, quantum optics, microscopy as well as optical trapping. These applications require compact, easily integrated, and high-performance devices, so the development of highly efficient broadband single-layer structures for vortex generation and control is an extremely relevant research topic. Here, we propose an aperiodic transmissive all-dielectric metasurface, which controls the phase delay of the electromagnetic waves via Pancharatnam–Berry (PB) phase manipulation. The metasurface is constructed on the basis of TiO2 nanopillars in the form of an aperiodic golden angle (GA) Vogel spiral. Through numerical simulations, we demonstrate that the metasurface enables the generation of vortex waves with a desired topological charge l and high mode purity over a wide wavelength range from 470 to 580 nm, which indicates a relative bandwidth of 21%. The proposed metasurface platform, due to its simple structure and wide bandwidth, is a good candidate for manipulating ultrashort vortex pulses and for the developing optical devices with improved functionality and performance.
{"title":"Broadband high-efficiency aperiodic metasurface for the vortex waves generation","authors":"Volodymyr I. Fesenko, Erick R. Baca-Montero, Oleksiy V. Shulika","doi":"10.1063/5.0255689","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0255689","url":null,"abstract":"Vortices have diverse applications in optics, such as ultrafast singular optics, quantum optics, microscopy as well as optical trapping. These applications require compact, easily integrated, and high-performance devices, so the development of highly efficient broadband single-layer structures for vortex generation and control is an extremely relevant research topic. Here, we propose an aperiodic transmissive all-dielectric metasurface, which controls the phase delay of the electromagnetic waves via Pancharatnam–Berry (PB) phase manipulation. The metasurface is constructed on the basis of TiO2 nanopillars in the form of an aperiodic golden angle (GA) Vogel spiral. Through numerical simulations, we demonstrate that the metasurface enables the generation of vortex waves with a desired topological charge l and high mode purity over a wide wavelength range from 470 to 580 nm, which indicates a relative bandwidth of 21%. The proposed metasurface platform, due to its simple structure and wide bandwidth, is a good candidate for manipulating ultrashort vortex pulses and for the developing optical devices with improved functionality and performance.","PeriodicalId":8094,"journal":{"name":"Applied Physics Letters","volume":"88 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143798303","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Perovskite photovoltaics (PVs) are a compelling candidate as a next-generation energy harvesting technology owing to the outstanding optoelectronic properties, low cost, and facile fabrication of perovskite materials. In the meantime, unsolved issues in perovskite stability still challenge the prospect of final commercialization. Recently, many studies have demonstrated that most of these advantages and issues are closely related to the soft nature of perovskites, making the understanding of these properties increasingly important. Here, we summarize and assess the interrelated origins and impacts of this unique property as well as its mechanistic interpretations, ranging from the constituent ions to the perovskite lattice and electronic structures. We also highlight recent advances in making use of this property for improving the perovskite materials. Finally, the remaining challenges in fully understanding the soft nature of perovskites are critically discussed. We hope this effort will provide new insights for making perovskite PVs more reliable and help them reach their full potential.
{"title":"Structural softness in photovoltaic perovskites","authors":"Runda Li, Yixin Luo, Libing Yao, Liuwen Tian, Zengyi Sun, Rui Wang, Jingjing Xue","doi":"10.1063/5.0256642","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0256642","url":null,"abstract":"Perovskite photovoltaics (PVs) are a compelling candidate as a next-generation energy harvesting technology owing to the outstanding optoelectronic properties, low cost, and facile fabrication of perovskite materials. In the meantime, unsolved issues in perovskite stability still challenge the prospect of final commercialization. Recently, many studies have demonstrated that most of these advantages and issues are closely related to the soft nature of perovskites, making the understanding of these properties increasingly important. Here, we summarize and assess the interrelated origins and impacts of this unique property as well as its mechanistic interpretations, ranging from the constituent ions to the perovskite lattice and electronic structures. We also highlight recent advances in making use of this property for improving the perovskite materials. Finally, the remaining challenges in fully understanding the soft nature of perovskites are critically discussed. We hope this effort will provide new insights for making perovskite PVs more reliable and help them reach their full potential.","PeriodicalId":8094,"journal":{"name":"Applied Physics Letters","volume":"74 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143798313","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ahmad Us Saleheen, Arnab Singh, David Raftrey, Mike A. Brozius, Margaret R. McCarter, Zoey Tumbleson, Mi-Young Im, Sergio A. Montoya, Eric E. Fullerton, Peter Fischer, Stephen D. Kevan, Sujoy Roy, Sophie A. Morley
The Fe/Gd multilayer system hosts a number of magnetic phases, such as stripe, mixed stripe and skyrmion, skyrmion lattice, and isolated skyrmions for a wide range of temperature and magnetic field. We report different Hall transport signals in a Fe/Gd system through multimodal correlative resonant soft x-ray scattering (RSXS), Hall effect, magneto-optic Kerr effect, and transmission x-ray microscopy measurements. The simultaneous nature of the RSXS and Hall transport measurements allowed us to accurately connect various features in the transport data with the specific magnetic phases. We found that the topological Hall effect (THE) shows peaks with opposite signs, which we attribute to two different mechanisms. Our multimodal correlative study indicates that the sign reversal in THE occurs when the system transforms to and from a skyrmion lattice and low density isolated skyrmion phases. We propose that the skyrmion lattice contributes to the THE through a Berry phase induced emergent magnetic field mechanism in one case, and a skew scattering mechanism corresponding to the isolated low density skyrmion state.
{"title":"Multimodal correlative study of Hall transport and magnetic phases in Fe/Gd multilayer systems","authors":"Ahmad Us Saleheen, Arnab Singh, David Raftrey, Mike A. Brozius, Margaret R. McCarter, Zoey Tumbleson, Mi-Young Im, Sergio A. Montoya, Eric E. Fullerton, Peter Fischer, Stephen D. Kevan, Sujoy Roy, Sophie A. Morley","doi":"10.1063/5.0239472","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0239472","url":null,"abstract":"The Fe/Gd multilayer system hosts a number of magnetic phases, such as stripe, mixed stripe and skyrmion, skyrmion lattice, and isolated skyrmions for a wide range of temperature and magnetic field. We report different Hall transport signals in a Fe/Gd system through multimodal correlative resonant soft x-ray scattering (RSXS), Hall effect, magneto-optic Kerr effect, and transmission x-ray microscopy measurements. The simultaneous nature of the RSXS and Hall transport measurements allowed us to accurately connect various features in the transport data with the specific magnetic phases. We found that the topological Hall effect (THE) shows peaks with opposite signs, which we attribute to two different mechanisms. Our multimodal correlative study indicates that the sign reversal in THE occurs when the system transforms to and from a skyrmion lattice and low density isolated skyrmion phases. We propose that the skyrmion lattice contributes to the THE through a Berry phase induced emergent magnetic field mechanism in one case, and a skew scattering mechanism corresponding to the isolated low density skyrmion state.","PeriodicalId":8094,"journal":{"name":"Applied Physics Letters","volume":"38 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143798380","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Mingyao Pi, Bin Ding, Difu Shi, Junpu Ling, Lei Wang, Juntao He
This paper introduces a metamaterial (MTM)-based resonant structure and applies it to relativistic magnetrons (RMs) with an all-cavity axial extraction technique. The MTM structure is designed to overcome the size limitations of conventional RMs and enable π-mode operation below the cutoff frequency of traditional structures. High-frequency analysis confirms the double-negative characteristics of the MTM structure, enabling π-mode operation below the cutoff frequency. Particle-in-cell simulation of CST was employed to compare the performance of the MTM RM with a state-of-the-art traditional design under an identical operating condition. Consequently, for L-band designs, the MTM RM achieves a significant reduction in volume, the radius being 70% of the traditional design, leading to approximately a 50% volume reduction, while other performance metrics such as operating current, startup time, saturation time, output power, efficiency, and frequency are nearly the same as the traditional RM. The study thus validates the potential of MTMs in enhancing the performance and miniaturization of RMs without compromising efficiency or operational mechanisms.
{"title":"Metamaterial-based resonant structure for miniaturized low-frequency relativistic magnetrons","authors":"Mingyao Pi, Bin Ding, Difu Shi, Junpu Ling, Lei Wang, Juntao He","doi":"10.1063/5.0264985","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0264985","url":null,"abstract":"This paper introduces a metamaterial (MTM)-based resonant structure and applies it to relativistic magnetrons (RMs) with an all-cavity axial extraction technique. The MTM structure is designed to overcome the size limitations of conventional RMs and enable π-mode operation below the cutoff frequency of traditional structures. High-frequency analysis confirms the double-negative characteristics of the MTM structure, enabling π-mode operation below the cutoff frequency. Particle-in-cell simulation of CST was employed to compare the performance of the MTM RM with a state-of-the-art traditional design under an identical operating condition. Consequently, for L-band designs, the MTM RM achieves a significant reduction in volume, the radius being 70% of the traditional design, leading to approximately a 50% volume reduction, while other performance metrics such as operating current, startup time, saturation time, output power, efficiency, and frequency are nearly the same as the traditional RM. The study thus validates the potential of MTMs in enhancing the performance and miniaturization of RMs without compromising efficiency or operational mechanisms.","PeriodicalId":8094,"journal":{"name":"Applied Physics Letters","volume":"50 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143798308","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Doped indium oxides, such as indium tin oxide (ITO), have been used as transparent conducting materials and have recently attracted increasing interest as thin-film channel materials for high-performance field-effect transistors. In numerous studies on crystalline ITO, stable bixbyite-type (cubic) and metastable corundum-type (rhombohedral) phases have been investigated. Here, we demonstrate an epitaxial stabilization of the ITO polytype having Rh2O3-II-type (space group: Pbna) orthorhombic structure using an orthorhombic perovskite oxide (110) DyScO3 (DSO) substrate. Distorted-orthorhombic ITO (o-ITO) films could be epitaxially grown at substrate temperatures of approximately 350 °C. The epitaxial relationships were determined to be ITO[100]//DSO[100] and ITO[001]//DSO[001], whereas the [010] of ITO was slightly inclined relative to that of DSO because of the strain effect. The transport properties of a distorted o-ITO film were better than those of a bixbyite-type ITO film grown on yttria-stabilized zirconia substrate, indicating that o-ITO has a potential of high-performance oxide semiconductor contributing to future electronics.
{"title":"Orthorhombic ITO epitaxially stabilized on a perovskite oxide substrate","authors":"Hiroyuki Yamada, Yoshikiyo Toyosaki, Akihito Sawa","doi":"10.1063/5.0256689","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0256689","url":null,"abstract":"Doped indium oxides, such as indium tin oxide (ITO), have been used as transparent conducting materials and have recently attracted increasing interest as thin-film channel materials for high-performance field-effect transistors. In numerous studies on crystalline ITO, stable bixbyite-type (cubic) and metastable corundum-type (rhombohedral) phases have been investigated. Here, we demonstrate an epitaxial stabilization of the ITO polytype having Rh2O3-II-type (space group: Pbna) orthorhombic structure using an orthorhombic perovskite oxide (110) DyScO3 (DSO) substrate. Distorted-orthorhombic ITO (o-ITO) films could be epitaxially grown at substrate temperatures of approximately 350 °C. The epitaxial relationships were determined to be ITO[100]//DSO[100] and ITO[001]//DSO[001], whereas the [010] of ITO was slightly inclined relative to that of DSO because of the strain effect. The transport properties of a distorted o-ITO film were better than those of a bixbyite-type ITO film grown on yttria-stabilized zirconia substrate, indicating that o-ITO has a potential of high-performance oxide semiconductor contributing to future electronics.","PeriodicalId":8094,"journal":{"name":"Applied Physics Letters","volume":"88 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143798249","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
京公网安备 11010802042870号
京ICP备2023020795号-1
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：