Pub Date : 2023-09-25DOI: 10.14416/j.asep.2023.09.007
Rahul Waghmare, Ravindra Jilte, Sandeep Joshi
In an Agrophotovoltaic (APV) system, the same plot of land is used for both agriculture and power production. APV systems are currently being investigated for thermal control of solar PV modules using natural transpiration cooling by cultivated crops. The current research focuses on the experimental studies on a 1 kWp APV and 1 kWp reference system with two different crops cultivated beneath the solar PV modules; an experimental setup was designed and built in Nagpur, India. Two crops, Spinacia oleracea and Solanum lycopersicum (Spinach and Tomato, respectively), were grown below 50% of PV modules, and the thermal and electrical performance of the solar plant was investigated as an APV system. The performance of this APV system was compared with the remaining 50% of PV installation. During this study, the effect of crop height on the performance of the solar plant was also investigated. According to the experiments, the temperature of the solar PV modules in the APV system with Tomato and Spinach was reduced by about 5 °C and 6 °C, respectively, when compared to a reference solar PV system. Additionally, the power plant's production is higher when there is less space between the solar PV module and the crop. To predict the performance of the APV system for any given location and for any given crops a systematic analytical procedure has been formulated. This experimental study shows that for the spinach and tomato crops, a 1 MW APV system would produce 169200 kWh and 187500 kWh more electricity yearly than a reference solar PV plant, respectively. Additionally, the same piece of land would give a comparable crop yield along with improved power generation.
{"title":"Investigations on Agrophotovoltaic System Using Different Crops with Special Attention on the Improved Electrical Output","authors":"Rahul Waghmare, Ravindra Jilte, Sandeep Joshi","doi":"10.14416/j.asep.2023.09.007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14416/j.asep.2023.09.007","url":null,"abstract":"In an Agrophotovoltaic (APV) system, the same plot of land is used for both agriculture and power production. APV systems are currently being investigated for thermal control of solar PV modules using natural transpiration cooling by cultivated crops. The current research focuses on the experimental studies on a 1 kWp APV and 1 kWp reference system with two different crops cultivated beneath the solar PV modules; an experimental setup was designed and built in Nagpur, India. Two crops, Spinacia oleracea and Solanum lycopersicum (Spinach and Tomato, respectively), were grown below 50% of PV modules, and the thermal and electrical performance of the solar plant was investigated as an APV system. The performance of this APV system was compared with the remaining 50% of PV installation. During this study, the effect of crop height on the performance of the solar plant was also investigated. According to the experiments, the temperature of the solar PV modules in the APV system with Tomato and Spinach was reduced by about 5 °C and 6 °C, respectively, when compared to a reference solar PV system. Additionally, the power plant's production is higher when there is less space between the solar PV module and the crop. To predict the performance of the APV system for any given location and for any given crops a systematic analytical procedure has been formulated. This experimental study shows that for the spinach and tomato crops, a 1 MW APV system would produce 169200 kWh and 187500 kWh more electricity yearly than a reference solar PV plant, respectively. Additionally, the same piece of land would give a comparable crop yield along with improved power generation.","PeriodicalId":8097,"journal":{"name":"Applied Science and Engineering Progress","volume":"14 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135867166","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-20DOI: 10.14416/j.asep.2023.09.006
Teerachai Kuntothom, Jirapa Phetsom, Sunanta Chuncher, James R. Ketudat Cairns
Endoglucanases are enzymes that play an important role in hydrolysis of lignocellulose by attacking glycosidic linkages in cellulose fibers and other glucans. The cellulose binding module (CBM) is responsible for binding the enzyme to the substrate. However, CBMs in certain enzymes interfere with substrate hydrolysis resulting in moderate or low activity. In a previous study, the processive endoglucanase TbCel12A including its CBM had low activity towards carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC). To assess the effect of the CBM, the catalytic domain of TbCel12A was produced without the CBM. The TbCel12A catalytic domain without the CBM hydrolyzed CMC 23 times more rapidly, while the pH and temperature optima and thermotolerance remained unchanged compared to full-length TbCel12A. Therefore, TbCel12A does not require the CBM for CMC hydrolysis and its application may be improved without it.
{"title":"A Role of Cellulose Binding Module of the Thermophilic Endoglucanase TbCel12A","authors":"Teerachai Kuntothom, Jirapa Phetsom, Sunanta Chuncher, James R. Ketudat Cairns","doi":"10.14416/j.asep.2023.09.006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14416/j.asep.2023.09.006","url":null,"abstract":"Endoglucanases are enzymes that play an important role in hydrolysis of lignocellulose by attacking glycosidic linkages in cellulose fibers and other glucans. The cellulose binding module (CBM) is responsible for binding the enzyme to the substrate. However, CBMs in certain enzymes interfere with substrate hydrolysis resulting in moderate or low activity. In a previous study, the processive endoglucanase TbCel12A including its CBM had low activity towards carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC). To assess the effect of the CBM, the catalytic domain of TbCel12A was produced without the CBM. The TbCel12A catalytic domain without the CBM hydrolyzed CMC 23 times more rapidly, while the pH and temperature optima and thermotolerance remained unchanged compared to full-length TbCel12A. Therefore, TbCel12A does not require the CBM for CMC hydrolysis and its application may be improved without it.","PeriodicalId":8097,"journal":{"name":"Applied Science and Engineering Progress","volume":"111 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136313768","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-19DOI: 10.14416/j.asep.2023.09.005
Nadjet Zioui, Aicha Mahmoudi, Mohamed Tadjine
With the advent of quantum computing, almost all classical computing concepts must be translated into quantum equivalents. Control theory, in particular, requires a large numbers of calculations. This paper designs and presents a quantum sliding mode controller. The controller uses two qubit states, one for detecting tracking errors and the other for determining the signs of the errors. The control signal to be applied to the system is stored in the third qubit state. This new controller is implemented on a DC motor to control the angular velocity using electrical current as an input signal. In terms of tracking error energy performance, the results show that the quantum sliding mode controller is just as efficient as the classical sliding mode controller. However, the quantum controller outperforms its predecessor by using 76% to 79% less control energy, allowing for smaller actuators. This represents a significant advancement in control theory in the era of quantum computers. Indeed, actuator control energy is the main drawback of the classical sliding mode control and reducing this energy is one of the main challenges for the control community.
{"title":"Developing and Implementing a Quantum Algorithm for the Sliding Mode Controller Using Multiple Qubit Operators: Application to DC Motor Speed Drive","authors":"Nadjet Zioui, Aicha Mahmoudi, Mohamed Tadjine","doi":"10.14416/j.asep.2023.09.005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14416/j.asep.2023.09.005","url":null,"abstract":"With the advent of quantum computing, almost all classical computing concepts must be translated into quantum equivalents. Control theory, in particular, requires a large numbers of calculations. This paper designs and presents a quantum sliding mode controller. The controller uses two qubit states, one for detecting tracking errors and the other for determining the signs of the errors. The control signal to be applied to the system is stored in the third qubit state. This new controller is implemented on a DC motor to control the angular velocity using electrical current as an input signal. In terms of tracking error energy performance, the results show that the quantum sliding mode controller is just as efficient as the classical sliding mode controller. However, the quantum controller outperforms its predecessor by using 76% to 79% less control energy, allowing for smaller actuators. This represents a significant advancement in control theory in the era of quantum computers. Indeed, actuator control energy is the main drawback of the classical sliding mode control and reducing this energy is one of the main challenges for the control community.","PeriodicalId":8097,"journal":{"name":"Applied Science and Engineering Progress","volume":"178 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135060627","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-18DOI: 10.14416/j.asep.2023.09.004
Saowanit Sukparungsee, Suganya Phantu
This research presents precise formulas to calculate the average time to signal (ATS) of the moving average control chart (MA chart) for detecting changes in the autocorrelation of count data when the process has zero inflation and zero deflation. Thus, a zero-modified geometric integer value autoregressive order 1 (ZMGINAR (1)) process is a suitable geometrical alternative for autocorrelated count data with an enormous (or shortfall) number of zeros. The average time to signal is a traditional control chart performance; the mean of the observations taken before a process signal that it is beyond the control limit. The numerical results demonstrate the effectiveness of the control limit in detecting changes in the effect of inflation and deflation of zeros. The usefulness of a control chart in detecting variations in the model of the process can be illustrated by the actual data sample of count data.
{"title":"Explicit Formulas of Moving Average Control Chart for Zero Modified Geometric Integer Valued Autoregressive Process","authors":"Saowanit Sukparungsee, Suganya Phantu","doi":"10.14416/j.asep.2023.09.004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14416/j.asep.2023.09.004","url":null,"abstract":"This research presents precise formulas to calculate the average time to signal (ATS) of the moving average control chart (MA chart) for detecting changes in the autocorrelation of count data when the process has zero inflation and zero deflation. Thus, a zero-modified geometric integer value autoregressive order 1 (ZMGINAR (1)) process is a suitable geometrical alternative for autocorrelated count data with an enormous (or shortfall) number of zeros. The average time to signal is a traditional control chart performance; the mean of the observations taken before a process signal that it is beyond the control limit. The numerical results demonstrate the effectiveness of the control limit in detecting changes in the effect of inflation and deflation of zeros. The usefulness of a control chart in detecting variations in the model of the process can be illustrated by the actual data sample of count data.","PeriodicalId":8097,"journal":{"name":"Applied Science and Engineering Progress","volume":"8 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135203579","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The original dosage form of the Semha-Pinas herbal formula, an expectorant in Thai traditional medicine, is in a pill form. However, it is inconvenient to use because it must be powdered and dissolved in hot water or juice of Citrus x aurantium L. before use. The development of a new dosage form presents a challenging prospect. This work aimed to develop Semha-Pinas extract orodispersible tablets based on the response surface methodology using the Box-Behnken design. Firstly, Semha-Pinas extract was tested for its safety in HepG2 cells. The safe extract was further developed as orodispersible tablets. Four levels of three factors — compressional force (500–2,000 psi), the quantity of microcrystalline cellulose (0–15%), and the quantity of croscarmellose sodium and sodium starch glycolate (0:8–6:2%) — were screened using the one factor at a time technique. The Box-Behnken design has three levels for each factor: 1,000–2,000 psi, 5–15%, and 2:6–6:2%, respectively. Tablet thickness, hardness, friability, and disintegration time were the four responses that were monitored. The results indicated the safety of the Semha-Pinas extract, even at a concentration of 5 mg/mL. The optimal orodispersible tablet formulation had a compressional force of 1,500 psi, microcrystalline cellulose of 10%, and croscarmellose sodium to sodium starch glycolate of 4:4%. In summary, this study successfully fabricated Semha-Pinas extract orodispersible tablets using response surface methodology, achieving the desired property of fast disintegration. Moreover, these findings can serve as a valuable reference for pilot scale and industrial scale production.
{"title":"Optimization of Semha-Pinas Extract Orodispersible Tablets Using Response Surface Methodology","authors":"Jirapornchai Suksaeree, Chaowalit Monton, Abhiruj Navabhatra, Laksana Charoenchai, Natawat Chankana, Ornchuma Naksuriya","doi":"10.14416/j.asep.2023.09.003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14416/j.asep.2023.09.003","url":null,"abstract":"The original dosage form of the Semha-Pinas herbal formula, an expectorant in Thai traditional medicine, is in a pill form. However, it is inconvenient to use because it must be powdered and dissolved in hot water or juice of Citrus x aurantium L. before use. The development of a new dosage form presents a challenging prospect. This work aimed to develop Semha-Pinas extract orodispersible tablets based on the response surface methodology using the Box-Behnken design. Firstly, Semha-Pinas extract was tested for its safety in HepG2 cells. The safe extract was further developed as orodispersible tablets. Four levels of three factors — compressional force (500–2,000 psi), the quantity of microcrystalline cellulose (0–15%), and the quantity of croscarmellose sodium and sodium starch glycolate (0:8–6:2%) — were screened using the one factor at a time technique. The Box-Behnken design has three levels for each factor: 1,000–2,000 psi, 5–15%, and 2:6–6:2%, respectively. Tablet thickness, hardness, friability, and disintegration time were the four responses that were monitored. The results indicated the safety of the Semha-Pinas extract, even at a concentration of 5 mg/mL. The optimal orodispersible tablet formulation had a compressional force of 1,500 psi, microcrystalline cellulose of 10%, and croscarmellose sodium to sodium starch glycolate of 4:4%. In summary, this study successfully fabricated Semha-Pinas extract orodispersible tablets using response surface methodology, achieving the desired property of fast disintegration. Moreover, these findings can serve as a valuable reference for pilot scale and industrial scale production.","PeriodicalId":8097,"journal":{"name":"Applied Science and Engineering Progress","volume":"24 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135830563","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-05DOI: 10.14416/j.asep.2023.09.002
Duong Canh Nguyen, Vy Le Nguyen, Ha Vu Hong Nguyen
Whiteleg shrimp (Litopeneaus vannamei) processing lines discard huge quantities of head wastes, which are the protein-rich source. Enzymatic hydrolysis has been studied for decades to salvage discarded whiteleg shrimp head waste to produce high-added value products applicable to animal industry. Alcalase 2.5 L, which is widely applied on marine materials, was used to hydrolyze whiteleg shrimp head waste protein and then purified by cold absolute ethanol. Hydrolysis conditions including enzyme/substrate (E/S) ratio, incubation temperature and duration were preliminarily screened (E/S ratio 0–2.5%, temperature 50–70 °C, duration 30–90 min) before conducting optimization using Box-Behnken design. After optimization, collected protein hydrolysate reached an experimental yield of 61.64% on dry basis under the optimal conditions as treated by Alcalase 2.5 L at 0.9% E/S ratio and incubated at 62 °C for 65 min. Protein hydrolysate performed bioactivity including DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) free radical scavenging activity (3.88 ± 0.10 mg Trolox equivalents g dry matter–1), reducing power (19.20 ± 0.52 mg Trolox equivalents g dry matter–1) and α-amylase inhibitory activity (10.74 ± 0.65% inhibition at 50 mg mL–1).
{"title":"Optimization of Enzyme-assisted Extraction of Bioactive Peptides from Whiteleg Shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) Head Waste Using Box-Behnken Design","authors":"Duong Canh Nguyen, Vy Le Nguyen, Ha Vu Hong Nguyen","doi":"10.14416/j.asep.2023.09.002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14416/j.asep.2023.09.002","url":null,"abstract":"Whiteleg shrimp (Litopeneaus vannamei) processing lines discard huge quantities of head wastes, which are the protein-rich source. Enzymatic hydrolysis has been studied for decades to salvage discarded whiteleg shrimp head waste to produce high-added value products applicable to animal industry. Alcalase 2.5 L, which is widely applied on marine materials, was used to hydrolyze whiteleg shrimp head waste protein and then purified by cold absolute ethanol. Hydrolysis conditions including enzyme/substrate (E/S) ratio, incubation temperature and duration were preliminarily screened (E/S ratio 0–2.5%, temperature 50–70 °C, duration 30–90 min) before conducting optimization using Box-Behnken design. After optimization, collected protein hydrolysate reached an experimental yield of 61.64% on dry basis under the optimal conditions as treated by Alcalase 2.5 L at 0.9% E/S ratio and incubated at 62 °C for 65 min. Protein hydrolysate performed bioactivity including DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) free radical scavenging activity (3.88 ± 0.10 mg Trolox equivalents g dry matter–1), reducing power (19.20 ± 0.52 mg Trolox equivalents g dry matter–1) and α-amylase inhibitory activity (10.74 ± 0.65% inhibition at 50 mg mL–1).","PeriodicalId":8097,"journal":{"name":"Applied Science and Engineering Progress","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42299595","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-01DOI: 10.14416/j.asep.2023.09.001
Do Thi Kieu Trinh, Nguyen Thi Thanh Tinh, Ho Thi Thu Hoa, Nguyen Tien An
The boxberry tree (Myrica esculenta) bark has been known to have multiple health benefits and is used as a traditional medicine. A critical gap in knowledge exists on a simple but effective method to isolate the bioactive components from the bark. This study aimed to optimize the operating conditions, including temperature, ethanol concentration, and time, for the extraction of phenolic antioxidants from the boxberry bark sample using a response surface methodology. Results showed that the second-order polynomial regression models were statistically significant and sufficient to estimate the responses. Response surface optimization for all responses was successfully carried out to determine the optimum extraction conditions, which were a temperature, an ethanol concentration, and an extraction time of 75.8 °C, 48.3% (v/v), and 117 min, respectively. At these conditions, total phenolic and total flavonoid contents, 3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid diammonium salt (ABTS) scavenging capacity, and ferric-reducing antioxidant power were predicted to be 205.9 mg GAE/100 g, 37.8 mg CE/100 g, 271.3 mg AAE/100 g, and 111.4 mg AAE/100 g, respectively. The insignificant difference between the estimated and the experimental values suggested that the predictive models were valid to predict the process outcomes.
{"title":"Optimization of Parameters for the Extraction of Phenolic Antioxidants from Boxberry Tree (Myrica esculenta) Bark Using Response Surface Methodology","authors":"Do Thi Kieu Trinh, Nguyen Thi Thanh Tinh, Ho Thi Thu Hoa, Nguyen Tien An","doi":"10.14416/j.asep.2023.09.001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14416/j.asep.2023.09.001","url":null,"abstract":"The boxberry tree (Myrica esculenta) bark has been known to have multiple health benefits and is used as a traditional medicine. A critical gap in knowledge exists on a simple but effective method to isolate the bioactive components from the bark. This study aimed to optimize the operating conditions, including temperature, ethanol concentration, and time, for the extraction of phenolic antioxidants from the boxberry bark sample using a response surface methodology. Results showed that the second-order polynomial regression models were statistically significant and sufficient to estimate the responses. Response surface optimization for all responses was successfully carried out to determine the optimum extraction conditions, which were a temperature, an ethanol concentration, and an extraction time of 75.8 °C, 48.3% (v/v), and 117 min, respectively. At these conditions, total phenolic and total flavonoid contents, 3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid diammonium salt (ABTS) scavenging capacity, and ferric-reducing antioxidant power were predicted to be 205.9 mg GAE/100 g, 37.8 mg CE/100 g, 271.3 mg AAE/100 g, and 111.4 mg AAE/100 g, respectively. The insignificant difference between the estimated and the experimental values suggested that the predictive models were valid to predict the process outcomes.","PeriodicalId":8097,"journal":{"name":"Applied Science and Engineering Progress","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49183875","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-30DOI: 10.14416/j.asep.2023.08.004
Chaowalit Monton, Natawat Chankana, Sureewan Duangjit, Jirapornchai Suksaeree, Ornchuma Naksuriya, L. Charoenchai, T. Songsak
Δ9-Tetrahydrocannabinol and cannabidiol, which are present in cannabis extract, exhibit low bioavailability when administered orally due to significant first-pass metabolism. The use of a self-emulsifying drug delivery system (SEDDS) can enhance their dissolution and bioavailability. However, liquid SEDDS formulations are prone to inadequate stability. To address this issue, the development of a solid SEDDS formulation was explored. This study aimed to optimize directly compressible self-emulsifying tablets containing cannabis extract obtained from supercritical carbon dioxide extraction. Initially, a liquid SEDDS of cannabis extract was solidified by adsorption onto solid carriers (colloidal silicon dioxide and microcrystalline cellulose). The resulting solid mixture was then combined with other pharmaceutical excipients and compressed into tablets. Three factors were optimized using the Box-Behnken design: compressional force (1,000–2,000 psi), quantity of hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (0–6%), and quantity of croscarmellose sodium (0–6%). The results revealed that a mass ratio of colloidal silicon dioxide, microcrystalline cellulose, and liquid SEDDS of cannabis extract at 0.65:2:1 successfully solidified the mixture. The optimal tablet formulation was achieved with a compressional force of 2,000 psi, without the addition of hydroxypropyl methylcellulose or croscarmellose sodium. Verification data indicated that the predictions made by the computer software were accurate and reliable. The developed tablets exhibited improved dissolution of the cannabis extract, with Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol demonstrating higher dissolution compared to cannabidiol. Additionally, the compressed tablets were capable of emulsifying small nano-sized droplets (approximately 200 nm). However, the droplets exhibited a larger size and broader polydispersity index compared to the liquid SEDDS. In conclusion, the study successfully developed directly compressible self-emulsifying tablets that enhanced the dissolution of cannabis extract.
{"title":"Fabrication and Optimization of Directly Compressible Self-Emulsifying Tablets Containing Cannabis Extract Obtained from Supercritical Carbon Dioxide Extraction","authors":"Chaowalit Monton, Natawat Chankana, Sureewan Duangjit, Jirapornchai Suksaeree, Ornchuma Naksuriya, L. Charoenchai, T. Songsak","doi":"10.14416/j.asep.2023.08.004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14416/j.asep.2023.08.004","url":null,"abstract":"Δ9-Tetrahydrocannabinol and cannabidiol, which are present in cannabis extract, exhibit low bioavailability when administered orally due to significant first-pass metabolism. The use of a self-emulsifying drug delivery system (SEDDS) can enhance their dissolution and bioavailability. However, liquid SEDDS formulations are prone to inadequate stability. To address this issue, the development of a solid SEDDS formulation was explored. This study aimed to optimize directly compressible self-emulsifying tablets containing cannabis extract obtained from supercritical carbon dioxide extraction. Initially, a liquid SEDDS of cannabis extract was solidified by adsorption onto solid carriers (colloidal silicon dioxide and microcrystalline cellulose). The resulting solid mixture was then combined with other pharmaceutical excipients and compressed into tablets. Three factors were optimized using the Box-Behnken design: compressional force (1,000–2,000 psi), quantity of hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (0–6%), and quantity of croscarmellose sodium (0–6%). The results revealed that a mass ratio of colloidal silicon dioxide, microcrystalline cellulose, and liquid SEDDS of cannabis extract at 0.65:2:1 successfully solidified the mixture. The optimal tablet formulation was achieved with a compressional force of 2,000 psi, without the addition of hydroxypropyl methylcellulose or croscarmellose sodium. Verification data indicated that the predictions made by the computer software were accurate and reliable. The developed tablets exhibited improved dissolution of the cannabis extract, with Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol demonstrating higher dissolution compared to cannabidiol. Additionally, the compressed tablets were capable of emulsifying small nano-sized droplets (approximately 200 nm). However, the droplets exhibited a larger size and broader polydispersity index compared to the liquid SEDDS. In conclusion, the study successfully developed directly compressible self-emulsifying tablets that enhanced the dissolution of cannabis extract.","PeriodicalId":8097,"journal":{"name":"Applied Science and Engineering Progress","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45985693","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-16DOI: 10.14416/j.asep.2023.08.003
Trang M. T. Nguyen, Ha V. H. Nguyen
Although having the potential to prevent oxidation and cardiovascular diseases due to the substantial amount of lycopene it contains, the massive quantity of tomato peels is now solely discarded as a by-product of the processing industry. In the present study, the effects of enzymatic treatments on lycopene content extracted from tomato peels using rice bran oil were evaluated. A two-step protocol was followed: the tomato peels were treated with enzyme and then extracted with rice bran oil for 1 h at 25 °C and a solid percentage of 3.5%. Treatment factors investigated were Viscozyme L. concentrations (0.5–2.5 %), incubation time (30–150 min) and incubation temperatures (30–70 °C). Antioxidant capacity, peroxide value, acid value and color changes of the rich-pigmented oil product were analyzed. Under the best extraction conditions (Enzyme concentration = 2%; Incubation time = 90 min; Incubation temperature = 50 °C), the lycopene content was extracted up to 320 mg/100 g of dry weight. Results showed that using Viscozyme L. significantly (p ≤ 0.05) increased the lycopene content in the pigmented oil product. These results suggested the idea of using a cell-wall degrading enzyme in the extraction to promote the use of tomato by-products as a rich source of lycopene and a good approach for waste utilization.
{"title":"Enzymatic Assisted Treatments of Lycopene Extraction from Tomato (Lycopersicon Esculentum) Peels using Rice Bran Oil","authors":"Trang M. T. Nguyen, Ha V. H. Nguyen","doi":"10.14416/j.asep.2023.08.003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14416/j.asep.2023.08.003","url":null,"abstract":"Although having the potential to prevent oxidation and cardiovascular diseases due to the substantial amount of lycopene it contains, the massive quantity of tomato peels is now solely discarded as a by-product of the processing industry. In the present study, the effects of enzymatic treatments on lycopene content extracted from tomato peels using rice bran oil were evaluated. A two-step protocol was followed: the tomato peels were treated with enzyme and then extracted with rice bran oil for 1 h at 25 °C and a solid percentage of 3.5%. Treatment factors investigated were Viscozyme L. concentrations (0.5–2.5 %), incubation time (30–150 min) and incubation temperatures (30–70 °C). Antioxidant capacity, peroxide value, acid value and color changes of the rich-pigmented oil product were analyzed. Under the best extraction conditions (Enzyme concentration = 2%; Incubation time = 90 min; Incubation temperature = 50 °C), the lycopene content was extracted up to 320 mg/100 g of dry weight. Results showed that using Viscozyme L. significantly (p ≤ 0.05) increased the lycopene content in the pigmented oil product. These results suggested the idea of using a cell-wall degrading enzyme in the extraction to promote the use of tomato by-products as a rich source of lycopene and a good approach for waste utilization.","PeriodicalId":8097,"journal":{"name":"Applied Science and Engineering Progress","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48909346","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-11DOI: 10.14416/j.asep.2023.08.002
Nguyen Thi Van Anh, Nguyen Ngoc Hoa, Nguyen Thi Thuy, Nguyen Lan Thanh, N. Huy
This study focused on developing an adsorbent composite from rice husk and alum sludge to recover nutrients from wastewater, which could be used in the future for slow-release fertilizer production. A biochar-sludge composite (80B/20S) was created by modifying rice husk biochar with MgCl2 and using acid- and heat-treated alum sludge to extract ammonium and phosphate contents from wastewater. The physical and chemical properties of the materials were analyzed using various techniques, such as X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy. In the nutrient recovery test, the contact time, adsorbent dosage, and initial concentration were evaluated. The adsorption equilibrium contact time for both ammonium and phosphate were found to be 8 h, and the maximum adsorption capacity by Langmuir isotherm for the 80B/20S composite was 185.53 mgNH4 +/g and 63.78 mgPO4 3-/g. The composite material had a higher surface area of 141.32 m2/g, which promoted its adsorption capacity. Additionally, this material demonstrated a removal efficiency above 85% when applied to actual wastewater. Since the composite is composed mainly of natural components, it has the potential to be used as a sustainable slow-release fertilizer for agricultural growth.
{"title":"Utilization of Rice Husk and Alum Sludge to Produce an Efficient Adsorbent Composite for Recovery of Nutrients from Wastewater","authors":"Nguyen Thi Van Anh, Nguyen Ngoc Hoa, Nguyen Thi Thuy, Nguyen Lan Thanh, N. Huy","doi":"10.14416/j.asep.2023.08.002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14416/j.asep.2023.08.002","url":null,"abstract":"This study focused on developing an adsorbent composite from rice husk and alum sludge to recover nutrients from wastewater, which could be used in the future for slow-release fertilizer production. A biochar-sludge composite (80B/20S) was created by modifying rice husk biochar with MgCl2 and using acid- and heat-treated alum sludge to extract ammonium and phosphate contents from wastewater. The physical and chemical properties of the materials were analyzed using various techniques, such as X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy. In the nutrient recovery test, the contact time, adsorbent dosage, and initial concentration were evaluated. The adsorption equilibrium contact time for both ammonium and phosphate were found to be 8 h, and the maximum adsorption capacity by Langmuir isotherm for the 80B/20S composite was 185.53 mgNH4 +/g and 63.78 mgPO4 3-/g. The composite material had a higher surface area of 141.32 m2/g, which promoted its adsorption capacity. Additionally, this material demonstrated a removal efficiency above 85% when applied to actual wastewater. Since the composite is composed mainly of natural components, it has the potential to be used as a sustainable slow-release fertilizer for agricultural growth.","PeriodicalId":8097,"journal":{"name":"Applied Science and Engineering Progress","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48161229","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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