Pub Date : 2023-12-14DOI: 10.14416/j.asep.2023.12.003
Chayanee Boontun, S. Vatanyoopaisarn, Vichai Domrongpokkaphan, C. Phalakornkule, R. Chinli, P. Thitisak, Sungwarn Hankla
Beneficial microbes, such as probiotic bacteria, are increasingly in demand in the food and feed industry. Lactic acid bacteria and bifidobacteria are commonly used as commercial probiotics, only a few species have been isolated from Southeast Asia areas. This study employed criteria including antimicrobial activity, the release of digestive enzymes, and the absence of antibiotic-resistant (AMR) genes to screen potential local isolates. The results revealed that 4 out of 16 isolates met these criteria, displaying anti-foodborne bacterial activities and a lack of fifty-one tested AMR genes. Furthermore, the four selected isolates demonstrated the production of extracellular digestive enzymes, including amylase, lipase, protease, β-glucanase, and cellulase, with enzyme indices ranging from 1.09–1.31. Among these isolates, two potential probiotics were identified as Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis (strain H9-01) and Lactobacillus reuteri (strain P4-S03). Importantly, both species are approved for use as food and feed supplements in accordance with Thai regulations. This research outlines an approach for screening potential probiotics for industrial-scale applications.
{"title":"Evaluation of Anti-Foodborne Bacterial Activity, Digestive Enzyme Secretion, and Antimicrobial Resistant Genes as Probiotic Strains Selection for Industrial Interest","authors":"Chayanee Boontun, S. Vatanyoopaisarn, Vichai Domrongpokkaphan, C. Phalakornkule, R. Chinli, P. Thitisak, Sungwarn Hankla","doi":"10.14416/j.asep.2023.12.003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14416/j.asep.2023.12.003","url":null,"abstract":"Beneficial microbes, such as probiotic bacteria, are increasingly in demand in the food and feed industry. Lactic acid bacteria and bifidobacteria are commonly used as commercial probiotics, only a few species have been isolated from Southeast Asia areas. This study employed criteria including antimicrobial activity, the release of digestive enzymes, and the absence of antibiotic-resistant (AMR) genes to screen potential local isolates. The results revealed that 4 out of 16 isolates met these criteria, displaying anti-foodborne bacterial activities and a lack of fifty-one tested AMR genes. Furthermore, the four selected isolates demonstrated the production of extracellular digestive enzymes, including amylase, lipase, protease, β-glucanase, and cellulase, with enzyme indices ranging from 1.09–1.31. Among these isolates, two potential probiotics were identified as Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis (strain H9-01) and Lactobacillus reuteri (strain P4-S03). Importantly, both species are approved for use as food and feed supplements in accordance with Thai regulations. This research outlines an approach for screening potential probiotics for industrial-scale applications.","PeriodicalId":8097,"journal":{"name":"Applied Science and Engineering Progress","volume":"3 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138971689","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-12DOI: 10.14416/j.asep.2023.12.002
H. Koruk, A. N. Pouliopoulos
Measuring the properties of soft viscoelastic materials is challenging. Here, the motion of a spherical object located at the soft elastic and viscoelastic material interface for the identification of material properties is thoroughly investigated. Formulations for different loading cases were derived. First, the theoretical models for a spherical object located at an elastic medium interface were derived, ignoring the medium viscosity. After summarizing the model for the force reducing to zero following the initial loading, we developed mathematical models for the force reducing to a lower non-zero value or increasing to a higher non-zero value, following the initial loading. Second, a similar derivation process was followed to evaluate the response of a spherical object located at a viscoelastic medium interface. Third, by performing systematic analyses, the theoretical models obtained via different approaches were compared and evaluated. Fourth, the measured and predicted responses of a spherical object located at a gelatin phantom interface were compared and the viscoelastic material properties were identified. It was seen that the frequency of oscillations of a spherical object located at the sample interface during loading was 10–15% different from that during unloading in the experimental studies here. The results showed that different loading cases have immense practical value and the formulations for different loading cases can provide an accurate determination of material properties in a multitude of biomedical and industrial applications.
{"title":"Investigation of the Motion of a Spherical Object Located at Soft Elastic and Viscoelastic Material Interface for Identification of Material Properties","authors":"H. Koruk, A. N. Pouliopoulos","doi":"10.14416/j.asep.2023.12.002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14416/j.asep.2023.12.002","url":null,"abstract":"Measuring the properties of soft viscoelastic materials is challenging. Here, the motion of a spherical object located at the soft elastic and viscoelastic material interface for the identification of material properties is thoroughly investigated. Formulations for different loading cases were derived. First, the theoretical models for a spherical object located at an elastic medium interface were derived, ignoring the medium viscosity. After summarizing the model for the force reducing to zero following the initial loading, we developed mathematical models for the force reducing to a lower non-zero value or increasing to a higher non-zero value, following the initial loading. Second, a similar derivation process was followed to evaluate the response of a spherical object located at a viscoelastic medium interface. Third, by performing systematic analyses, the theoretical models obtained via different approaches were compared and evaluated. Fourth, the measured and predicted responses of a spherical object located at a gelatin phantom interface were compared and the viscoelastic material properties were identified. It was seen that the frequency of oscillations of a spherical object located at the sample interface during loading was 10–15% different from that during unloading in the experimental studies here. The results showed that different loading cases have immense practical value and the formulations for different loading cases can provide an accurate determination of material properties in a multitude of biomedical and industrial applications.","PeriodicalId":8097,"journal":{"name":"Applied Science and Engineering Progress","volume":"43 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139007748","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-04DOI: 10.14416/j.asep.2023.12.001
Khanittha Talordphop, Y. Areepong, S. Sukparungsee
The present research introduces the EEWMA-Sign chart, which incorporates the extended exponentially weighted moving average control chart with the sign control charts to detect small changes in procedures. This is a nonparametric control chart that can overcome the constraints imposed by normal assumptions. The average run lengths serve as supporting examinations for comparing the effectiveness of a monitoring scheme to the EEWMA and EWMA control charts via Monte Carlo Simulation. Besides a specific range of shift sizes, the expected ARL (EARL) remains an instrument to assess the efficiency of control charts. The overall result demonstrates that the proposed chart is the most suitable control chart for detecting small shifts between Normal, Lognormal, and Laplace distributional scenarios. Nonetheless, the EWMA chart recognizes large shifts more efficiently than others. Adapting the proposed control chart to the flow width dataset produced results consistent with the research findings.
{"title":"Design of Nonparametric Extended Exponentially Weighted Moving Average – Sign Control Chart","authors":"Khanittha Talordphop, Y. Areepong, S. Sukparungsee","doi":"10.14416/j.asep.2023.12.001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14416/j.asep.2023.12.001","url":null,"abstract":"The present research introduces the EEWMA-Sign chart, which incorporates the extended exponentially weighted moving average control chart with the sign control charts to detect small changes in procedures. This is a nonparametric control chart that can overcome the constraints imposed by normal assumptions. The average run lengths serve as supporting examinations for comparing the effectiveness of a monitoring scheme to the EEWMA and EWMA control charts via Monte Carlo Simulation. Besides a specific range of shift sizes, the expected ARL (EARL) remains an instrument to assess the efficiency of control charts. The overall result demonstrates that the proposed chart is the most suitable control chart for detecting small shifts between Normal, Lognormal, and Laplace distributional scenarios. Nonetheless, the EWMA chart recognizes large shifts more efficiently than others. Adapting the proposed control chart to the flow width dataset produced results consistent with the research findings.","PeriodicalId":8097,"journal":{"name":"Applied Science and Engineering Progress","volume":"32 14","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138601418","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-28DOI: 10.14416/j.asep.2023.11.011
Pronnaruimon Talhakultorn, S. Pullteap
A dynamic low-pressure measurement using a fiber optic-based Fabry-Perot Interferometer (FFPI) has been demonstrated in this work. The developed system has been divided into 2 main parts: pressure source and sensing system. The former is a chamber comprised of an elastic diaphragm, which proportionally deflects according to input pressure from an air pump. The FFPI, consequently, detects the material deflection and demodulates the parameter into useful pressure value via the fringe counting technique and Kirchhoff-Love’s plate theory. To validate the performance of the developed system, a reference pressure instrument is utilized while the air pump feeds pressure of 0.34–6.57 mbar with 10 times repeatability into the system. The experimental results indicated that the FFPI can measure the pressure of 0.343–6.568 mbar, while the reference instrument showed the output values from 0.343–6.471 mbar, respectively. Moreover, the average and maximum percentage error in measurement is 1.27% and 2.67%, respectively. The resolution of the FFPI sensor is also analyzed to be approximately 0.05% or 0.0382 mbar/μm over all measurement ranges. Therefore, we conclude that the FFPI has high accuracy, resolution, linearity, and reliability in dynamic low-pressure measurements.
{"title":"Dynamic Low-Pressure Measurement Using a Fiber Optic-based Fabry-Perot Interferometer","authors":"Pronnaruimon Talhakultorn, S. Pullteap","doi":"10.14416/j.asep.2023.11.011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14416/j.asep.2023.11.011","url":null,"abstract":"A dynamic low-pressure measurement using a fiber optic-based Fabry-Perot Interferometer (FFPI) has been demonstrated in this work. The developed system has been divided into 2 main parts: pressure source and sensing system. The former is a chamber comprised of an elastic diaphragm, which proportionally deflects according to input pressure from an air pump. The FFPI, consequently, detects the material deflection and demodulates the parameter into useful pressure value via the fringe counting technique and Kirchhoff-Love’s plate theory. To validate the performance of the developed system, a reference pressure instrument is utilized while the air pump feeds pressure of 0.34–6.57 mbar with 10 times repeatability into the system. The experimental results indicated that the FFPI can measure the pressure of 0.343–6.568 mbar, while the reference instrument showed the output values from 0.343–6.471 mbar, respectively. Moreover, the average and maximum percentage error in measurement is 1.27% and 2.67%, respectively. The resolution of the FFPI sensor is also analyzed to be approximately 0.05% or 0.0382 mbar/μm over all measurement ranges. Therefore, we conclude that the FFPI has high accuracy, resolution, linearity, and reliability in dynamic low-pressure measurements.","PeriodicalId":8097,"journal":{"name":"Applied Science and Engineering Progress","volume":"19 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139227134","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-27DOI: 10.14416/j.asep.2023.11.010
Wanasorn Somphol, N. Chanka, Tanabadee Boonmalert, S. Loykulnant, P. Prapainainar, A. Seubsai, P. Dittanet
This study aimed to chemically isolate two distinct types of nanocellulose derived from rubber leaves and investigate their use in natural rubber (NR). The cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) were obtained through acid hydrolysis, while oxidation with 2, 2, 6, 6-tetramethylpiperidine-1-oxyl (TEMPO) was used to produce cellulose nanofibers (CNFs). The CNCs exhibited rigid and rod-like structures due to the removal of amorphous regions through acid hydrolysis, whereas the CNFs retained flexible, fiber-like morphologies and high aspect ratios. Incorporating CNCs or CNFs into NR improved its tensile properties, with the rigid CNCs enhancing the mechanical properties more than the flexible CNFs. CNC addition resulted in a 40% increase in tensile strength and a 38% increase in Young's modulus of NR. However, elongation at break decreased with filler content. On the other hand, CNF addition improved the elongation at the break without compromising the tensile properties. NR with CNF addition exhibited a 25% increase in tensile strength, a 30% increase in Young's modulus, and a 20% increase in elongation at break. Additionally, the biodegradability of NR nanocomposite films containing CNCs or CNFs surpassed that of unfilled NR film. Notably, a 6-month soil burial test revealed weight losses of 35% and 40% for NR nanocomposite films with CNCs and CNFs respectively, compared to a weight loss of 25% for the unfilled NR film.
本研究旨在从橡胶叶中化学分离出两种不同类型的纳米纤维素，并研究它们在天然橡胶（NR）中的应用。通过酸水解获得了纤维素纳米晶体（CNCs），而用 2, 2, 6, 6-四甲基哌啶-1-氧（TEMPO）氧化则生成了纤维素纳米纤维（CNFs）。由于酸水解去除了无定形区域，CNCs 呈现出刚性的杆状结构，而 CNFs 则保持了柔性的纤维状形态和高纵横比。在 NR 中加入 CNC 或 CNF 可改善其拉伸性能，其中刚性 CNC 比柔性 CNF 更能提高机械性能。添加 CNC 后，NR 的拉伸强度提高了 40%，杨氏模量提高了 38%。然而，断裂伸长率随着填料含量的增加而降低。另一方面，氯化萘纤维的添加提高了断裂伸长率，而不影响拉伸性能。添加了 CNF 的 NR 拉伸强度提高了 25%，杨氏模量提高了 30%，断裂伸长率提高了 20%。此外，含有 CNC 或 CNF 的 NR 纳米复合薄膜的生物降解性超过了未填充的 NR 薄膜。值得注意的是，在为期 6 个月的土壤掩埋试验中发现，含有 CNC 和 CNF 的 NR 纳米复合薄膜的重量损失分别为 35% 和 40%，而未填充的 NR 薄膜的重量损失为 25%。
{"title":"Extraction of Cellulose Nanocrystals and Nanofibers from Rubber Leaves and Their Impacts on Natural Rubber Properties","authors":"Wanasorn Somphol, N. Chanka, Tanabadee Boonmalert, S. Loykulnant, P. Prapainainar, A. Seubsai, P. Dittanet","doi":"10.14416/j.asep.2023.11.010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14416/j.asep.2023.11.010","url":null,"abstract":"This study aimed to chemically isolate two distinct types of nanocellulose derived from rubber leaves and investigate their use in natural rubber (NR). The cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) were obtained through acid hydrolysis, while oxidation with 2, 2, 6, 6-tetramethylpiperidine-1-oxyl (TEMPO) was used to produce cellulose nanofibers (CNFs). The CNCs exhibited rigid and rod-like structures due to the removal of amorphous regions through acid hydrolysis, whereas the CNFs retained flexible, fiber-like morphologies and high aspect ratios. Incorporating CNCs or CNFs into NR improved its tensile properties, with the rigid CNCs enhancing the mechanical properties more than the flexible CNFs. CNC addition resulted in a 40% increase in tensile strength and a 38% increase in Young's modulus of NR. However, elongation at break decreased with filler content. On the other hand, CNF addition improved the elongation at the break without compromising the tensile properties. NR with CNF addition exhibited a 25% increase in tensile strength, a 30% increase in Young's modulus, and a 20% increase in elongation at break. Additionally, the biodegradability of NR nanocomposite films containing CNCs or CNFs surpassed that of unfilled NR film. Notably, a 6-month soil burial test revealed weight losses of 35% and 40% for NR nanocomposite films with CNCs and CNFs respectively, compared to a weight loss of 25% for the unfilled NR film.","PeriodicalId":8097,"journal":{"name":"Applied Science and Engineering Progress","volume":"14 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139229207","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-22DOI: 10.14416/j.asep.2023.11.007
Tom Anto, Rejeesh Charuvila Rajendran, Praveen Kosappallyillom Muraleedharan, E. Jayamani
Mycelium biocomposite materials have been established as a sustainable alternative to polystyrene in single use applications like packaging. However only little investigations are done on improving their resistance to fire and heat, which can find use in newer applications. This paper focuses on the development and characterization of a mycelium-based sawdust-coir pith biocomposite material treated with a combination of fire-retardant compounds (borax and boric acid). The outcomes of fire resistance tests, such as flammability, flame penetration and rate of burning demonstrated a significant improvement in values with respect to untreated samples. However, samples having 30% boron compounds by weight in it exhibited the best fire resistance properties. The thermal analysis of treated samples indicated that the presence of fire-retardant chemicals has not significantly affected their thermal stability. The glass transition temperature (Tg) of treated mycelium composite material was found to be 212.75 °C against a value of 207.78 °C for untreated samples. The fire retardant treated mycelium composite samples having 30% boron by weight in it, exhibited an average sound absorption coefficient of 0.38 compared with a sound absorption coefficient of 0.29 for polyurethane foam. The prepared mycelium biocomposite has a self-extinguishing nature and exceptional fire resistance capabilities with an LOI value of 50%. The mechanical testing revealed that the presence of fire-retardant chemicals has significantly improved the flexural properties. However, only a marginal increase was visible in the compression strength of mycelium biocomposites.
{"title":"Effect of Borax-Boric Acid Treatment on Fire Resistance, Thermal Stability, Acoustic, and Mechanical Properties of Mycelium Bio Composites","authors":"Tom Anto, Rejeesh Charuvila Rajendran, Praveen Kosappallyillom Muraleedharan, E. Jayamani","doi":"10.14416/j.asep.2023.11.007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14416/j.asep.2023.11.007","url":null,"abstract":"Mycelium biocomposite materials have been established as a sustainable alternative to polystyrene in single use applications like packaging. However only little investigations are done on improving their resistance to fire and heat, which can find use in newer applications. This paper focuses on the development and characterization of a mycelium-based sawdust-coir pith biocomposite material treated with a combination of fire-retardant compounds (borax and boric acid). The outcomes of fire resistance tests, such as flammability, flame penetration and rate of burning demonstrated a significant improvement in values with respect to untreated samples. However, samples having 30% boron compounds by weight in it exhibited the best fire resistance properties. The thermal analysis of treated samples indicated that the presence of fire-retardant chemicals has not significantly affected their thermal stability. The glass transition temperature (Tg) of treated mycelium composite material was found to be 212.75 °C against a value of 207.78 °C for untreated samples. The fire retardant treated mycelium composite samples having 30% boron by weight in it, exhibited an average sound absorption coefficient of 0.38 compared with a sound absorption coefficient of 0.29 for polyurethane foam. The prepared mycelium biocomposite has a self-extinguishing nature and exceptional fire resistance capabilities with an LOI value of 50%. The mechanical testing revealed that the presence of fire-retardant chemicals has significantly improved the flexural properties. However, only a marginal increase was visible in the compression strength of mycelium biocomposites.","PeriodicalId":8097,"journal":{"name":"Applied Science and Engineering Progress","volume":"244 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139250098","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-22DOI: 10.14416/j.asep.2023.11.008
P. Venkatachalam, M. Sriariyanun, Saravanan Ramiah Shanmugam, Rangabhashiyam Selvasembian
{"title":"Biochar as a Catalyst in Biorefineries: A Sustainable Recovery of Waste Materials","authors":"P. Venkatachalam, M. Sriariyanun, Saravanan Ramiah Shanmugam, Rangabhashiyam Selvasembian","doi":"10.14416/j.asep.2023.11.008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14416/j.asep.2023.11.008","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":8097,"journal":{"name":"Applied Science and Engineering Progress","volume":"52 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139248281","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Metal oxide-based nanoparticle as a filler in epoxy polymer composites has diverse applications in various industries, including adhesives, automobiles, aerospace, wind energy, and civil engineering. However, these composites must fulfill essential properties encompassing chemical, curing, optical, and thermal attributes. This study focuses on enhancing epoxy polymer by integrating copper oxide (CuO) nanoparticles synthesized through solution combustion. Varied CuO loadings (0.5–2.5 wt.%) were impregnated into the epoxy, critically impacting the structural attributes of the resulting nano-CuO polymer composites. Various material characterization techniques were employed to study the synthesized materials' morphology, elemental composition, phase formation, identification of the presence of functional groups, thermal stability, and optical properties. SEM images show the presence of spherical particles with porous structures. EDX confirmed the presence of Cu and O elements, while the XRD pattern showed the formation of CuO with an average crystallite size of 46 nm. FTIR confirms the presence of O-H, C-H, and C=C functional groups. TGA showed thermal stability and revealed minimal mass loss below 250 °C for nano-CuO polymer composites and minimal mass loss occurred for CuO nanoparticles at 900 °C. Photoluminescence exhibited redshifted luminescence spectra. The study suggests improved qualities due to CuO nanoparticle integration into epoxy. CuO loading crucially influences nano-CuO polymer composite properties, rendering them ideal for high-temperature applications, supported by remarkable thermal stability evidenced by substantial residual mass in TGA.
以金属氧化物为基础的纳米粒子作为环氧聚合物复合材料的填料，在粘合剂、汽车、航空航天、风能和土木工程等各行各业都有广泛的应用。然而，这些复合材料必须满足包括化学、固化、光学和热学属性在内的基本特性。本研究的重点是通过加入溶液燃烧合成的纳米氧化铜（CuO）粒子来增强环氧聚合物的性能。环氧树脂中浸渍了不同含量的氧化铜（0.5-2.5 wt.%），对纳米氧化铜聚合物复合材料的结构属性产生了重要影响。我们采用了多种材料表征技术来研究合成材料的形态、元素组成、相的形成、官能团的存在、热稳定性和光学特性。扫描电子显微镜图像显示存在多孔结构的球形颗粒。EDX 证实了铜和 O 元素的存在，而 XRD 图谱显示形成了平均结晶尺寸为 46 纳米的 CuO。傅立叶变换红外光谱证实了 O-H、C-H 和 C=C 官能团的存在。热重分析仪（TGA）显示了热稳定性，表明纳米氧化铜聚合物复合材料在 250 °C 以下的质量损失极小，而在 900 °C 时，纳米氧化铜颗粒的质量损失也极小。光致发光显示了红移发光光谱。这项研究表明，环氧树脂中加入 CuO 纳米粒子后，其质量得到了改善。CuO 负载对纳米 CuO 聚合物复合材料的性能有着至关重要的影响，使其成为高温应用的理想材料，而 TGA 中的大量残余质量则证明了其显著的热稳定性。
{"title":"Combustion Assisted Synthesis of CuO Nanoparticles and Structure-Property Evaluation in nano-CuO Polymer Composites","authors":"Gopinath Prasanth, Gattumane Motappa Madhu, Nagaraju Kottam","doi":"10.14416/j.asep.2023.11.009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14416/j.asep.2023.11.009","url":null,"abstract":"Metal oxide-based nanoparticle as a filler in epoxy polymer composites has diverse applications in various industries, including adhesives, automobiles, aerospace, wind energy, and civil engineering. However, these composites must fulfill essential properties encompassing chemical, curing, optical, and thermal attributes. This study focuses on enhancing epoxy polymer by integrating copper oxide (CuO) nanoparticles synthesized through solution combustion. Varied CuO loadings (0.5–2.5 wt.%) were impregnated into the epoxy, critically impacting the structural attributes of the resulting nano-CuO polymer composites. Various material characterization techniques were employed to study the synthesized materials' morphology, elemental composition, phase formation, identification of the presence of functional groups, thermal stability, and optical properties. SEM images show the presence of spherical particles with porous structures. EDX confirmed the presence of Cu and O elements, while the XRD pattern showed the formation of CuO with an average crystallite size of 46 nm. FTIR confirms the presence of O-H, C-H, and C=C functional groups. TGA showed thermal stability and revealed minimal mass loss below 250 °C for nano-CuO polymer composites and minimal mass loss occurred for CuO nanoparticles at 900 °C. Photoluminescence exhibited redshifted luminescence spectra. The study suggests improved qualities due to CuO nanoparticle integration into epoxy. CuO loading crucially influences nano-CuO polymer composite properties, rendering them ideal for high-temperature applications, supported by remarkable thermal stability evidenced by substantial residual mass in TGA.","PeriodicalId":8097,"journal":{"name":"Applied Science and Engineering Progress","volume":"44 13","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139247703","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-21DOI: 10.14416/j.asep.2023.11.006
L. F. Ng, Mohd Yazid Yahya, Chandrasekar Muthukumar, Jyotishkumar Parameswaranpillai, Hui Yi Leong, Syed Mohd Saiful Azwan Syed Hamzah
Recently, fiber-metal laminates have gained high attention from material scientists and engineers, particularly when it comes to impact-critical applications. When compared to metallic alloys and composite materials, fiber-metal laminates offer several distinguishing advantages. This work intends to evaluate the low-velocity response of kenaf fiber-reinforced polypropylene metal-composite laminates with various fiber compositions, in line with the current trend of using natural fiber as possible reinforcement in composite materials. In addition, a comparison was made between the low-velocity impact response of non-treated and chemical-treated kenaf fiber-reinforced composite-metal laminates. A hot molding compression technique was employed to fabricate the laminates. Low-velocity impact tests were performed based on ASTM D7136 to determine the peak force, maximum displacement, and energy absorption of the materials. The results confirmed that NaOH treatment and increased fiber content resulted in a higher peak force of NaOH-treated kenaf-based metal laminates. For NaOH-treated laminates, the peak force of laminates with 70 wt% was found to be 11.20% higher than laminates with 50 wt% at the impact energy of 60 J. At fiber content of 70 wt%, the peak force of NaOH-treated laminates is 2.14% greater than that of untreated laminates when subjected to low-velocity impact with an energy level of 60 J. However, laminates with low fiber content and without NaOH treatment manifested higher maximum displacement and energy absorption due to the ductile behavior of such materials.
{"title":"Drop-weight Impact Responses of Kenaf Fibre-Reinforced Composite-Metal Laminates: Effect of Chemical Treatment and Fibre Composition","authors":"L. F. Ng, Mohd Yazid Yahya, Chandrasekar Muthukumar, Jyotishkumar Parameswaranpillai, Hui Yi Leong, Syed Mohd Saiful Azwan Syed Hamzah","doi":"10.14416/j.asep.2023.11.006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14416/j.asep.2023.11.006","url":null,"abstract":"Recently, fiber-metal laminates have gained high attention from material scientists and engineers, particularly when it comes to impact-critical applications. When compared to metallic alloys and composite materials, fiber-metal laminates offer several distinguishing advantages. This work intends to evaluate the low-velocity response of kenaf fiber-reinforced polypropylene metal-composite laminates with various fiber compositions, in line with the current trend of using natural fiber as possible reinforcement in composite materials. In addition, a comparison was made between the low-velocity impact response of non-treated and chemical-treated kenaf fiber-reinforced composite-metal laminates. A hot molding compression technique was employed to fabricate the laminates. Low-velocity impact tests were performed based on ASTM D7136 to determine the peak force, maximum displacement, and energy absorption of the materials. The results confirmed that NaOH treatment and increased fiber content resulted in a higher peak force of NaOH-treated kenaf-based metal laminates. For NaOH-treated laminates, the peak force of laminates with 70 wt% was found to be 11.20% higher than laminates with 50 wt% at the impact energy of 60 J. At fiber content of 70 wt%, the peak force of NaOH-treated laminates is 2.14% greater than that of untreated laminates when subjected to low-velocity impact with an energy level of 60 J. However, laminates with low fiber content and without NaOH treatment manifested higher maximum displacement and energy absorption due to the ductile behavior of such materials.","PeriodicalId":8097,"journal":{"name":"Applied Science and Engineering Progress","volume":"41 4 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139250860","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-14DOI: 10.14416/j.asep.2023.11.005
Thanapat Sangkharat, Laongdaw Techawinyutham
3D printing is one of the flexible additive manufacturing (AM) processes that can be used to fabricate parts from various types of materials such as polymers, metal, and ceramic. 3D printing process is one of the famous techniques for printing the product from the filament causing material degradation. Granule-based 3D printing or screw-based material extrusion 3D printing is an alternative process that can create the parts from plastic or composite granule raw materials. However, there are limited use and study in the designation of granule-based 3D printing and process parameters including material temperature, heat bed temperature, nozzle size, and printing speed. These process parameters play a significant role in the properties of 3D printing parts. Some parameters cannot be adjusted in the commercial 3D printing process. Thus, the purposes of this study are to develop a screw-based material extrusion 3D printing machine that can freely adjust the process parameters and to investigate the effect of 3D printing parameters on the appearance and mechanical properties of printed parts. Pellets of neat acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS) and short glass fiber/ABS composites are used in the experiments. Six process parameters were studied, including % fiberglass, printing temperature, printing speed, nozzle size, % Infill, and heat bed temperature. Each parameter has 3 levels, which were designed by the Taguchi L18 method. The results were evaluated by the main effect plot method and showed that the printing speed, nozzle size, and %fiberglass are the top 3 parameters that affect tensile strength. The nozzle size, %infill, and %fiberglass are the top 3 parameters that affect Young’s modulus. The granule-based 3D printing machine was completely developed; however, the extruded plastic line from the nozzle was difficult to control resulting in poor product quality. Thus, the feedback control for controlling the screw-extruder speed and temperature will be developed in future work.
{"title":"Development of Screw-Based 3D Printing Machine and Process Experiments for Short Fiber Reinforced Polymer Composites","authors":"Thanapat Sangkharat, Laongdaw Techawinyutham","doi":"10.14416/j.asep.2023.11.005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14416/j.asep.2023.11.005","url":null,"abstract":"3D printing is one of the flexible additive manufacturing (AM) processes that can be used to fabricate parts from various types of materials such as polymers, metal, and ceramic. 3D printing process is one of the famous techniques for printing the product from the filament causing material degradation. Granule-based 3D printing or screw-based material extrusion 3D printing is an alternative process that can create the parts from plastic or composite granule raw materials. However, there are limited use and study in the designation of granule-based 3D printing and process parameters including material temperature, heat bed temperature, nozzle size, and printing speed. These process parameters play a significant role in the properties of 3D printing parts. Some parameters cannot be adjusted in the commercial 3D printing process. Thus, the purposes of this study are to develop a screw-based material extrusion 3D printing machine that can freely adjust the process parameters and to investigate the effect of 3D printing parameters on the appearance and mechanical properties of printed parts. Pellets of neat acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS) and short glass fiber/ABS composites are used in the experiments. Six process parameters were studied, including % fiberglass, printing temperature, printing speed, nozzle size, % Infill, and heat bed temperature. Each parameter has 3 levels, which were designed by the Taguchi L18 method. The results were evaluated by the main effect plot method and showed that the printing speed, nozzle size, and %fiberglass are the top 3 parameters that affect tensile strength. The nozzle size, %infill, and %fiberglass are the top 3 parameters that affect Young’s modulus. The granule-based 3D printing machine was completely developed; however, the extruded plastic line from the nozzle was difficult to control resulting in poor product quality. Thus, the feedback control for controlling the screw-extruder speed and temperature will be developed in future work.","PeriodicalId":8097,"journal":{"name":"Applied Science and Engineering Progress","volume":"15 22","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134991511","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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