Selection of suitable materials plays a key role in machining to produce durable and good quality micro parts and components as well as improve the productivity of machining processes. This paper presents the performance evaluation of Spark Erosion Wire Cutting (SEWC) for the manufacturing of miniature gears from different materials, namely stainless steel SS 304, aluminum 7075, copper, and brass. The major objectives of this performance evaluation of SEWC are to determine the effect of gear materials on the quality of the gears, the economic aspects of miniature gears, and the productivity of SEWC for fabricating miniature spur gears. The optimal range of SEWC parameters from past research works was considered for conducting experiments for this study. Four miniature spur gears were fabricated from each gear material. It was concluded from this study that 1) the use of SS 304 as miniature spur gear material results in a better surface finish than aluminum, copper and brass; 2) use of aluminum as miniature gear material is more productive than SS 304, copper and brass; 3) aluminum is more economical and material-efficient than SS 304, copper and brass to fabricate miniature gears by SEWC; 4) material lost in copper is higher as compared to other selected materials; and 5) cost of SS 304 miniature gear is more as compared to other fabricated gears by SEWC.
{"title":"A Comparative Study of Different Materials for Manufacturing of Miniature Spur Gears by Spark Erosion Wire Cutting Process","authors":"Sujeet Kumar Chaubey, Kapil Gupta, Neelesh Kumar Jain","doi":"10.14416/j.asep.2023.11.003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14416/j.asep.2023.11.003","url":null,"abstract":"Selection of suitable materials plays a key role in machining to produce durable and good quality micro parts and components as well as improve the productivity of machining processes. This paper presents the performance evaluation of Spark Erosion Wire Cutting (SEWC) for the manufacturing of miniature gears from different materials, namely stainless steel SS 304, aluminum 7075, copper, and brass. The major objectives of this performance evaluation of SEWC are to determine the effect of gear materials on the quality of the gears, the economic aspects of miniature gears, and the productivity of SEWC for fabricating miniature spur gears. The optimal range of SEWC parameters from past research works was considered for conducting experiments for this study. Four miniature spur gears were fabricated from each gear material. It was concluded from this study that 1) the use of SS 304 as miniature spur gear material results in a better surface finish than aluminum, copper and brass; 2) use of aluminum as miniature gear material is more productive than SS 304, copper and brass; 3) aluminum is more economical and material-efficient than SS 304, copper and brass to fabricate miniature gears by SEWC; 4) material lost in copper is higher as compared to other selected materials; and 5) cost of SS 304 miniature gear is more as compared to other fabricated gears by SEWC.","PeriodicalId":8097,"journal":{"name":"Applied Science and Engineering Progress","volume":"22 2","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134991221","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-14DOI: 10.14416/j.asep.2023.11.004
Giuseppe Gullì, Riccardo Bertino, Francesco Grungo, Davide Palamara, Paolo Bruzzaniti, Luigi Calabrese
This paper investigated the effect of hooked-end steel fiber at varying fiber content on the flexural toughening of fiber reinforced cement mortars (FRCM) by using three-point bending tests. In particular, to preserve the mortar workability, three low weight fractions (0.3%, 0.5% and 0.7%) and two cement matrices (M10 and M15) were investigated. The results showed that the mechanical bending behavior of the FRCM increases significantly at increasing fiber content and cement plaster matrix. An important aspect that has been addressed is how the flexural toughening is varied at varying fiber content and the type of matrix. Especially, all composite mortars exhibited a toughness index (TI) in the range of 10–45, indicating a suitable strengthening and toughening effect supplied by the hooked-end fiber addition. The best TI value, equal to 44, was experienced for the M10-D7 batch characterized by 0.7 wt.% of hooked-end steel fibers and an M10 cement matrix. Furthermore, unlike unreinforced concrete where brittle and unexpected failure occurs dominated by a sudden and catastrophic propagation of tensile cracks, the FRCM samples exhibited a ductile behavior with a marked residual post-crack resistance even for composites mortars with low metal fiber content.
{"title":"Flexural Toughening of Hooked-End Steel Fibers Reinforced Mortars","authors":"Giuseppe Gullì, Riccardo Bertino, Francesco Grungo, Davide Palamara, Paolo Bruzzaniti, Luigi Calabrese","doi":"10.14416/j.asep.2023.11.004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14416/j.asep.2023.11.004","url":null,"abstract":"This paper investigated the effect of hooked-end steel fiber at varying fiber content on the flexural toughening of fiber reinforced cement mortars (FRCM) by using three-point bending tests. In particular, to preserve the mortar workability, three low weight fractions (0.3%, 0.5% and 0.7%) and two cement matrices (M10 and M15) were investigated. The results showed that the mechanical bending behavior of the FRCM increases significantly at increasing fiber content and cement plaster matrix. An important aspect that has been addressed is how the flexural toughening is varied at varying fiber content and the type of matrix. Especially, all composite mortars exhibited a toughness index (TI) in the range of 10–45, indicating a suitable strengthening and toughening effect supplied by the hooked-end fiber addition. The best TI value, equal to 44, was experienced for the M10-D7 batch characterized by 0.7 wt.% of hooked-end steel fibers and an M10 cement matrix. Furthermore, unlike unreinforced concrete where brittle and unexpected failure occurs dominated by a sudden and catastrophic propagation of tensile cracks, the FRCM samples exhibited a ductile behavior with a marked residual post-crack resistance even for composites mortars with low metal fiber content.","PeriodicalId":8097,"journal":{"name":"Applied Science and Engineering Progress","volume":"25 20","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134991638","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-09DOI: 10.14416/j.asep.2023.11.002
Mark Tristan D.C. Español, ER Joshua G. Garcia, Louise Andrea V. Maligaya, Carla Mae S. Santos, Jan Abigail H. Santos, Nemia G. Suarnaba, Rugi Vicente C. Rubi, Reibelle Raguindin
High levels of emerging pollutants, such as pharmaceutical compounds like metformin (MET), have been an issue for many years. The effective removal of these compounds from wastewater poses a significant challenge and has spurred interest among researchers. This study aims to integrate two of the prominent research interests in photocatalysis, Metal-Organic Frameworks (MOF), and Hydroxyapatite (HAp), and tests their effectiveness in the photocatalytic degradation of MET. The MOF-HAp was produced using a biomimetic method via 10xSBF-like solution with and without ultrasound assistance at varying biomimetic times. MOF-HAp nanocomposite’s photocatalytic degradation capabilities were tested by degrading MET, considering varying parameters – initial pollutant concentration, catalyst loading, and exposure time. Results showed that a biomimetic time of 6 h synthesized with ultrasound irradiation presented the most promising physicochemical properties for MOF-HAp, as verified by the X-ray Fluorescence (XRF), Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM), Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET), X-ray Diffractometer (XRD), and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) analyses. In the photocatalytic degradation of MET, catalyst loading, exposure time, and initial pollutant concentration were found to have significant effects on the percent degradation. The initial concentration of 8 ppm, catalyst loading of 0.25 g, and 120 min of exposure time produced the highest percent degradation with an average of 82.25%. The findings of this study prove MOF-HAp's potential to effectively degrade organic and pharmaceutical pollutants in wastewater.
{"title":"Ultrasound-Assisted Biomimetic Synthesis of MOF-Hap Nanocomposite via 10xSBFLike for the Photocatalytic Degradation of Metformin","authors":"Mark Tristan D.C. Español, ER Joshua G. Garcia, Louise Andrea V. Maligaya, Carla Mae S. Santos, Jan Abigail H. Santos, Nemia G. Suarnaba, Rugi Vicente C. Rubi, Reibelle Raguindin","doi":"10.14416/j.asep.2023.11.002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14416/j.asep.2023.11.002","url":null,"abstract":"High levels of emerging pollutants, such as pharmaceutical compounds like metformin (MET), have been an issue for many years. The effective removal of these compounds from wastewater poses a significant challenge and has spurred interest among researchers. This study aims to integrate two of the prominent research interests in photocatalysis, Metal-Organic Frameworks (MOF), and Hydroxyapatite (HAp), and tests their effectiveness in the photocatalytic degradation of MET. The MOF-HAp was produced using a biomimetic method via 10xSBF-like solution with and without ultrasound assistance at varying biomimetic times. MOF-HAp nanocomposite’s photocatalytic degradation capabilities were tested by degrading MET, considering varying parameters – initial pollutant concentration, catalyst loading, and exposure time. Results showed that a biomimetic time of 6 h synthesized with ultrasound irradiation presented the most promising physicochemical properties for MOF-HAp, as verified by the X-ray Fluorescence (XRF), Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM), Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET), X-ray Diffractometer (XRD), and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) analyses. In the photocatalytic degradation of MET, catalyst loading, exposure time, and initial pollutant concentration were found to have significant effects on the percent degradation. The initial concentration of 8 ppm, catalyst loading of 0.25 g, and 120 min of exposure time produced the highest percent degradation with an average of 82.25%. The findings of this study prove MOF-HAp's potential to effectively degrade organic and pharmaceutical pollutants in wastewater.","PeriodicalId":8097,"journal":{"name":"Applied Science and Engineering Progress","volume":" 21","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135243415","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A freeze-thaw cycle in frozen products occurs when the temperature fluctuates during storage or transportation, causing drip loss, changes in ice crystal reformation, and textural protein. In practical freezing, using cryoprotectants in frozen products aids in delaying the physicochemical changes. The problem has been found in commercial frozen jellyfish with sesame oil, causing the separating oil and water derived from drip loss of thawed jellyfish protein. This study aimed to select an appropriate cryoprotectant and concentration for frozen jellyfish products. Therefore, this research compared the changes in the physical and textural properties of desalted jellyfish collagen protein soaked in inulin, sucrose, or sorbitol at 1, 5, and 10% and subjected to three freeze-thaw cycles. Results showed increased concentration of each cryoprotectant increased soaking yield. The maximum soaking yields of desalted jellyfish were 2.49 ± 0.54, 2.79 ± 0.82, and 2.78 ± 0.51%, and each cryoprotectant content was 7.18 ± 0.01, 7.54 ± 0.00, and 8.58 ± 0.32% when using static soaked in inulin, sucrose, and sorbitol at 10%. During the freeze-thaw cycle, the retardation of the denatured jellyfish protein from ice crystals increased when desalted jellyfish were immersed in inulin, sucrose, or sorbitol at the maximum concentration of 10%, displaying the drip losses at 27.88 ± 0.45, 29.45 ± 0.35, and 28.56 ± 0.73% that lowered than the control at 56.54 ± 0.64%. The increased repeated freeze-thaw cycles increased the compact structure of thawed jellyfish collagen, supported by microstructure analysis. In summary, inulin at 10% appears to have a cryoprotective effect similar to sucrose and sorbitol and will be a choice for commercial frozen jellyfish-based food menu development.
{"title":"Effect of Cryoprotectants on Quality of Desalted Jellyfish Subjected to Multiple Freeze- Thaw Cycles","authors":"Wiriya Charoenchokpanich, Pratchaya Muangrod, Benjawan Thumthanaruk, Vilai Rungsardthong, Savitri Vatanyoopaisarn, Benjamaporn Wonganu, Sittiruk Roytrakul","doi":"10.14416/j.asep.2023.11.001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14416/j.asep.2023.11.001","url":null,"abstract":"A freeze-thaw cycle in frozen products occurs when the temperature fluctuates during storage or transportation, causing drip loss, changes in ice crystal reformation, and textural protein. In practical freezing, using cryoprotectants in frozen products aids in delaying the physicochemical changes. The problem has been found in commercial frozen jellyfish with sesame oil, causing the separating oil and water derived from drip loss of thawed jellyfish protein. This study aimed to select an appropriate cryoprotectant and concentration for frozen jellyfish products. Therefore, this research compared the changes in the physical and textural properties of desalted jellyfish collagen protein soaked in inulin, sucrose, or sorbitol at 1, 5, and 10% and subjected to three freeze-thaw cycles. Results showed increased concentration of each cryoprotectant increased soaking yield. The maximum soaking yields of desalted jellyfish were 2.49 ± 0.54, 2.79 ± 0.82, and 2.78 ± 0.51%, and each cryoprotectant content was 7.18 ± 0.01, 7.54 ± 0.00, and 8.58 ± 0.32% when using static soaked in inulin, sucrose, and sorbitol at 10%. During the freeze-thaw cycle, the retardation of the denatured jellyfish protein from ice crystals increased when desalted jellyfish were immersed in inulin, sucrose, or sorbitol at the maximum concentration of 10%, displaying the drip losses at 27.88 ± 0.45, 29.45 ± 0.35, and 28.56 ± 0.73% that lowered than the control at 56.54 ± 0.64%. The increased repeated freeze-thaw cycles increased the compact structure of thawed jellyfish collagen, supported by microstructure analysis. In summary, inulin at 10% appears to have a cryoprotective effect similar to sucrose and sorbitol and will be a choice for commercial frozen jellyfish-based food menu development.","PeriodicalId":8097,"journal":{"name":"Applied Science and Engineering Progress","volume":"2 2","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135476310","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-30DOI: 10.14416/j.asep.2023.10.006
Tran Chi Hai, Nguyen Tan Dat, Quach Le Anh Tuan, Huynh Le Thanh Ngan, Nguyen Duong Thien Tu, Nguyen Tan Thinh, Duy Nhat Quang, Le Thi Hong Anh, Phan Van Man
Chitin, a natural biomass resource, has shown great promise for a wide range of applications because of its high bioactivity. This study evaluated the effectiveness of deep eutectic solvents (DESs) mixed with citric acid as a method for extracting chitin from the shells of giant tiger prawn shrimps (Penaeus monodon). The purity and physicochemical properties of the extracted chitin were compared with those obtained using the traditional chemical extraction method and commercial chitin. The results showed that the highest chitin purity (99.22%) was achieved when choline chloride-glycerol (ChCl–Gl) was used in a 1:2 molar ratio with a citric acid content of 5% w/v (CG2-5%). Additionally, the extracted chitin had a molecular weight of 3.75 × 105 Da and a crystallinity index of 81.34%, which was slightly higher than that of chitin extracted using the conventional method (3.24 × 105 Da and 73.59%). However, there was no significant difference between chitin extracted by CG2-5% and commercial chitin. This suggests that the structure of the biopolymer remained intact following the CG2-5% extraction process. The α-chitins in tiger prawn shrimp shells, as confirmed by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, and X-ray Diffraction Analysis (XRD), are analogous to commercial shrimp chitin. These results, achieved without employing potentially harmful chemicals, demonstrate that CG2-5% can efficiently enhance chitin extraction from diverse raw biomass sources without jeopardizing the polymer's structural stability.
几丁质是一种天然的生物质资源，具有很高的生物活性，具有广泛的应用前景。研究了柠檬酸混合深度共晶溶剂(DESs)对虎对虾壳中甲壳素的提取效果。对提取的几丁质纯度和理化性质与传统化学提取法和市售几丁质进行了比较。结果表明，氯化胆碱-甘油(ChCl-Gl)用量为1:2，柠檬酸用量为5% w/v (CG2-5%)时，甲壳素纯度最高，为99.22%。此外，提取的几丁质分子量为3.75 × 105 Da，结晶度指数为81.34%，略高于常规方法提取的几丁质(3.24 × 105 Da, 73.59%)。而CG2-5%提取的几丁质与市售几丁质差异不显著。这表明，在CG2-5%的萃取过程中，生物聚合物的结构保持完整。扫描电镜(SEM)、傅里叶变换红外光谱(FTIR)和x射线衍射分析(XRD)证实，虎对虾壳中的α-几丁质与商品虾壳中的几丁质相似。这些结果表明，在不使用潜在有害化学物质的情况下，CG2-5%可以有效地提高从各种原料生物质中提取甲壳素的效率，而不会损害聚合物的结构稳定性。
{"title":"Extraction of Chitin from Giant Tiger Prawn (Penaeus monodon) Shrimp Shell Using Deep Eutectic Solvents and Citric Acid","authors":"Tran Chi Hai, Nguyen Tan Dat, Quach Le Anh Tuan, Huynh Le Thanh Ngan, Nguyen Duong Thien Tu, Nguyen Tan Thinh, Duy Nhat Quang, Le Thi Hong Anh, Phan Van Man","doi":"10.14416/j.asep.2023.10.006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14416/j.asep.2023.10.006","url":null,"abstract":"Chitin, a natural biomass resource, has shown great promise for a wide range of applications because of its high bioactivity. This study evaluated the effectiveness of deep eutectic solvents (DESs) mixed with citric acid as a method for extracting chitin from the shells of giant tiger prawn shrimps (Penaeus monodon). The purity and physicochemical properties of the extracted chitin were compared with those obtained using the traditional chemical extraction method and commercial chitin. The results showed that the highest chitin purity (99.22%) was achieved when choline chloride-glycerol (ChCl–Gl) was used in a 1:2 molar ratio with a citric acid content of 5% w/v (CG2-5%). Additionally, the extracted chitin had a molecular weight of 3.75 × 105 Da and a crystallinity index of 81.34%, which was slightly higher than that of chitin extracted using the conventional method (3.24 × 105 Da and 73.59%). However, there was no significant difference between chitin extracted by CG2-5% and commercial chitin. This suggests that the structure of the biopolymer remained intact following the CG2-5% extraction process. The α-chitins in tiger prawn shrimp shells, as confirmed by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, and X-ray Diffraction Analysis (XRD), are analogous to commercial shrimp chitin. These results, achieved without employing potentially harmful chemicals, demonstrate that CG2-5% can efficiently enhance chitin extraction from diverse raw biomass sources without jeopardizing the polymer's structural stability.","PeriodicalId":8097,"journal":{"name":"Applied Science and Engineering Progress","volume":"6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136067749","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The double-modified exponentially weighted moving average (DMEWMA) control chart running an autoregressive (AR) process is proposed to detect unusual events. The AR equation and the DMEWMA statistic are combined to evaluate the control limit of the exponential residual term to obtain the explicit formula for the average run length (ARL). The ARLs computed using the explicit formula approach and the well-established numerical integral equation method were compared to validate the former. The efficiencies of the original EWMA, MEWMA, and DMEWMA control charts running AR processes based on simulation and real data were compared by using the results of ARL and relative mean index calculations. The results indicate that the explicit formula for the ARL of an AR process running on a double-modified EWMA control chart detected changes more quickly than on either of the other two control charts for small and moderate changes. Finally, real data on COVID-19 is provided to demonstrate the application of this explicit formula.
{"title":"Performance Measurement of a DMEWMA Control Chart on an AR(p) Model with Exponential White Noise","authors":"Piyatida Phanthuna, Yupaporn Areepong, Saowanit Sukparungsee","doi":"10.14416/j.asep.2023.10.005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14416/j.asep.2023.10.005","url":null,"abstract":"The double-modified exponentially weighted moving average (DMEWMA) control chart running an autoregressive (AR) process is proposed to detect unusual events. The AR equation and the DMEWMA statistic are combined to evaluate the control limit of the exponential residual term to obtain the explicit formula for the average run length (ARL). The ARLs computed using the explicit formula approach and the well-established numerical integral equation method were compared to validate the former. The efficiencies of the original EWMA, MEWMA, and DMEWMA control charts running AR processes based on simulation and real data were compared by using the results of ARL and relative mean index calculations. The results indicate that the explicit formula for the ARL of an AR process running on a double-modified EWMA control chart detected changes more quickly than on either of the other two control charts for small and moderate changes. Finally, real data on COVID-19 is provided to demonstrate the application of this explicit formula.","PeriodicalId":8097,"journal":{"name":"Applied Science and Engineering Progress","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135219112","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Accurate measurement of the N-terminal pro B-type natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) in serum is important for the diagnosis of heart failure (HF). Carbon screen-printed electrodes (SPCEs) modified with graphene oxide (GO) or gold (Au) were compared for the construction of NT-proBNP immunosensors. NT-proBNP and its recognition unit, a single-chain variable fragment fused with alkaline phosphatase (scFv-AP), were expressed and purified. The currents of the electrodes immobilized with scFv-AP were measured after adding an ethanolamine (ETA), blank and NT-proBNP in either phosphate buffer saline (PBS) or human serum. SPCE/Au had lower mean baseline slopes than for SPCE/GO for all measurements, in both PBS and serum, indicating greater accuracy for SPCE/Au. None of the measurements in PBS had statistically different peak currents between SPCE/GO and SPCE/Au; however, there was a significant difference with the serum. The significant reduction of SPCE/GO peak currents after applying serum blank implied non-specific absorption on the surface. The peak current of 300 pg/mL of NT-proBNP in the serum measured on SPCE/Au was significantly higher (by a factor of three) than on SPCE/GO, suggesting the possibility of using SPCE/Au to detect NT-proBNP at higher concentrations. The binding efficiency of scFv-AP to NT-proBNP did not depend on the electrodes, as shown by the similar delta peak-currents (Blank-Target). Thus, immobilized scFv-AP on SPCE/Au electrodes had good potential to accurately detect NT-proBNP in serum, for use in the fabrication of an HF test kit.
{"title":"Advantages of Electro-deposited Gold on Carbon Electrodes for NT-proBNP Immunosensor for Development of Heart Failure Test Kit","authors":"Pongsakorn Aiemderm, Kanchana Monkhang, Sureeporn Wongjard, Kiattawee Choowongkomon, Napachanok Mongkoldhumrongkul Swainson, Chaiya Prasittichai, Charoenkwan Kraiya","doi":"10.14416/j.asep.2023.10.004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14416/j.asep.2023.10.004","url":null,"abstract":"Accurate measurement of the N-terminal pro B-type natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) in serum is important for the diagnosis of heart failure (HF). Carbon screen-printed electrodes (SPCEs) modified with graphene oxide (GO) or gold (Au) were compared for the construction of NT-proBNP immunosensors. NT-proBNP and its recognition unit, a single-chain variable fragment fused with alkaline phosphatase (scFv-AP), were expressed and purified. The currents of the electrodes immobilized with scFv-AP were measured after adding an ethanolamine (ETA), blank and NT-proBNP in either phosphate buffer saline (PBS) or human serum. SPCE/Au had lower mean baseline slopes than for SPCE/GO for all measurements, in both PBS and serum, indicating greater accuracy for SPCE/Au. None of the measurements in PBS had statistically different peak currents between SPCE/GO and SPCE/Au; however, there was a significant difference with the serum. The significant reduction of SPCE/GO peak currents after applying serum blank implied non-specific absorption on the surface. The peak current of 300 pg/mL of NT-proBNP in the serum measured on SPCE/Au was significantly higher (by a factor of three) than on SPCE/GO, suggesting the possibility of using SPCE/Au to detect NT-proBNP at higher concentrations. The binding efficiency of scFv-AP to NT-proBNP did not depend on the electrodes, as shown by the similar delta peak-currents (Blank-Target). Thus, immobilized scFv-AP on SPCE/Au electrodes had good potential to accurately detect NT-proBNP in serum, for use in the fabrication of an HF test kit.","PeriodicalId":8097,"journal":{"name":"Applied Science and Engineering Progress","volume":"11 2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134975555","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This study investigated the properties of hybrid composites made from Roystonea-Regia and banana fibers for potential applications in industries requiring lightweight, environmentally favorable, and mechanically strong materials. The analysis of density and void fraction revealed that the addition of banana fibers increased the composite's density, despite the fact that the actual density was slightly lower than the theoretical density due to confined gases during fabrication. The results of tensile tests revealed that water absorption negatively affected tensile strength, whereas alkali treatment and hybridization enhanced performance. The composition of 10 wt % Roystonea-Regia and 5 wt % banana had the highest tensile strength of 64.76MPa, which was attributable to the hydrophilicity and hydration content of the banana fiber. Further flexural and impact experiments confirmed that the influence of water absorption of composites showed a decrement in mechanical properties. The highest impact strength of 45.28 J/m and flexural strength of 75.6MPa were noted for 10 wt % Roystonea-Regia and 5 wt % banana. In addition, Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) analysis revealed that alkali treatment improved fiber-matrix interface bonding and roughened fiber surfaces, thereby enhancing the composites' overall performance. The study provides precious insights into the potential of Roystonea-Regia and banana hybrid composites for industrial applications as lightweight, environmentally friendly, and mechanically robust materials.
{"title":"Influence of Water Absorption on Mechanical and Morphological Behaviour of Roystonea-Regia/Banana Hybrid Polyester Composites","authors":"Anand Hassan Rajamudi Gowda, Govardhan Goud, Karthik Sathynarayana, Madhu Puttegowda","doi":"10.14416/j.asep.2023.10.003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14416/j.asep.2023.10.003","url":null,"abstract":"This study investigated the properties of hybrid composites made from Roystonea-Regia and banana fibers for potential applications in industries requiring lightweight, environmentally favorable, and mechanically strong materials. The analysis of density and void fraction revealed that the addition of banana fibers increased the composite's density, despite the fact that the actual density was slightly lower than the theoretical density due to confined gases during fabrication. The results of tensile tests revealed that water absorption negatively affected tensile strength, whereas alkali treatment and hybridization enhanced performance. The composition of 10 wt % Roystonea-Regia and 5 wt % banana had the highest tensile strength of 64.76MPa, which was attributable to the hydrophilicity and hydration content of the banana fiber. Further flexural and impact experiments confirmed that the influence of water absorption of composites showed a decrement in mechanical properties. The highest impact strength of 45.28 J/m and flexural strength of 75.6MPa were noted for 10 wt % Roystonea-Regia and 5 wt % banana. In addition, Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) analysis revealed that alkali treatment improved fiber-matrix interface bonding and roughened fiber surfaces, thereby enhancing the composites' overall performance. The study provides precious insights into the potential of Roystonea-Regia and banana hybrid composites for industrial applications as lightweight, environmentally friendly, and mechanically robust materials.","PeriodicalId":8097,"journal":{"name":"Applied Science and Engineering Progress","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135592320","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Dioscorea alata is a species of yam found in many countries in Southeast Asia. It contains many bioactive compounds consisting of steroidal saponins, phenolic compounds flavonoids, polysaccharides, and proteins. Eighty to eighty-five of the soluble proteins in the tuber of D. alata are dioscorin. Dioscorin (31 kDa) is the major storage protein of yam tuber, exhibiting biochemical and immunomodulatory properties, such as antioxidant activity, reducing blood pressure and angiotensin I converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors activity. The aims of this research focused on extraction of the total soluble protein from D. alata tuber, purification of dioscorin, and study of in vitro inhibitory activity of α-amylase and α-glucosidase of dioscorin extracts. The results showed that a maximum yield of total soluble protein was obtained from the buffers extraction using Tris-HCl buffer at pH 9.0 resulting in the protein concentration of 15.10 mg/g with a protein extraction yield of 31.56 ± 2.36%. The crude protein was further recovered using ammonium sulfate precipitation and dialysis. SDS-PAGE analysis showed that dioscorin from crude extracts was precipitated at the concentration of ammonium sulfate of 60% saturation. The purified dioscorin was obtained from anion exchange chromatography (DEAE-Sephacel) and its molecular weight of 31 kDa was estimated on SDS-PAGE. Furthermore, the α-amylase inhibitory activities of crude extract (1 mg/mL), purified dioscorin obtain from gastric digestion and purified dioscorin obtained from intestinal digestion were at 14.44% 2.21% and 78.13%, respectively. Moreover, the results showed that the α-glucosidase inhibitory activity of the crude extract, and purified dioscorin obtained from gastric digestion were at 10.56% and 2.61%, respectively.
{"title":"In vitro α-Amylase and α-Glucosidase Inhibitory Activity of Dioscorin from Dioscorea alata","authors":"Anocha Sansud, Diana Jose, Sudathip Sae-tan, Kittipong Rattanaporn","doi":"10.14416/j.asep.2023.10.002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14416/j.asep.2023.10.002","url":null,"abstract":"Dioscorea alata is a species of yam found in many countries in Southeast Asia. It contains many bioactive compounds consisting of steroidal saponins, phenolic compounds flavonoids, polysaccharides, and proteins. Eighty to eighty-five of the soluble proteins in the tuber of D. alata are dioscorin. Dioscorin (31 kDa) is the major storage protein of yam tuber, exhibiting biochemical and immunomodulatory properties, such as antioxidant activity, reducing blood pressure and angiotensin I converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors activity. The aims of this research focused on extraction of the total soluble protein from D. alata tuber, purification of dioscorin, and study of in vitro inhibitory activity of α-amylase and α-glucosidase of dioscorin extracts. The results showed that a maximum yield of total soluble protein was obtained from the buffers extraction using Tris-HCl buffer at pH 9.0 resulting in the protein concentration of 15.10 mg/g with a protein extraction yield of 31.56 ± 2.36%. The crude protein was further recovered using ammonium sulfate precipitation and dialysis. SDS-PAGE analysis showed that dioscorin from crude extracts was precipitated at the concentration of ammonium sulfate of 60% saturation. The purified dioscorin was obtained from anion exchange chromatography (DEAE-Sephacel) and its molecular weight of 31 kDa was estimated on SDS-PAGE. Furthermore, the α-amylase inhibitory activities of crude extract (1 mg/mL), purified dioscorin obtain from gastric digestion and purified dioscorin obtained from intestinal digestion were at 14.44% 2.21% and 78.13%, respectively. Moreover, the results showed that the α-glucosidase inhibitory activity of the crude extract, and purified dioscorin obtained from gastric digestion were at 10.56% and 2.61%, respectively.","PeriodicalId":8097,"journal":{"name":"Applied Science and Engineering Progress","volume":"9 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135899871","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Hybrid composites comprising aluminum reinforced with ceramics have surfaced as a potential class of materials that exhibit improved mechanical and thermal characteristics. These composites have a diverse range of applications across multiple industries. The present study offers a thorough examination of recent scholarly investigations pertaining to such composites, with particular emphasis on their mechanical performance, thermal attributes, and interfacial characteristics. This paper offers an extensive evaluation of ceramic-reinforced aluminum composites, along with a discussion of potential solutions and prospects for addressing the existing limitations and challenges. This review explores emerging areas of research, encompassing interface engineering methodologies, sophisticated processing techniques, and the incorporation of innovative reinforcement substances. The present recommendations are geared towards augmenting the efficacy, dependability, and durability of hybrid composites comprising ceramic and aluminum reinforcements.
{"title":"Advancing the Performance of Ceramic - Reinforced Aluminum Hybrid Composites: A Comprehensive Review and Future Perspectives","authors":"Sharath Ballupete Nagaraju, Madhu Puttegowda, Madhu Kodigarahalli Somashekara, Yashas Gowda Thyavihalli Girijappa, Pradeep Dyavappanakoppalu Govindaswamy, Karthik Sathyanarayana","doi":"10.14416/j.asep.2023.10.001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14416/j.asep.2023.10.001","url":null,"abstract":"Hybrid composites comprising aluminum reinforced with ceramics have surfaced as a potential class of materials that exhibit improved mechanical and thermal characteristics. These composites have a diverse range of applications across multiple industries. The present study offers a thorough examination of recent scholarly investigations pertaining to such composites, with particular emphasis on their mechanical performance, thermal attributes, and interfacial characteristics. This paper offers an extensive evaluation of ceramic-reinforced aluminum composites, along with a discussion of potential solutions and prospects for addressing the existing limitations and challenges. This review explores emerging areas of research, encompassing interface engineering methodologies, sophisticated processing techniques, and the incorporation of innovative reinforcement substances. The present recommendations are geared towards augmenting the efficacy, dependability, and durability of hybrid composites comprising ceramic and aluminum reinforcements.","PeriodicalId":8097,"journal":{"name":"Applied Science and Engineering Progress","volume":"304 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135833328","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
京公网安备 11010802042870号
京ICP备2023020795号-1
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：