Pub Date : 2024-07-08DOI: 10.14416/j.asep.2024.07.005
Rich Jhon Paul Latiza, R. V. Rubi
Bioethanol production is a vital player in the renewable energy landscape. However, it faces pressing issues regarding carbon emissions and resource management. Traditional open-loop systems generate substantial waste and pollution, exacerbating environmental concerns. Various emerging technologies offer promising solutions. Carbon Capture, Utilization, and Storage (CCUS) presents avenues for tackling carbon emissions. Utilization transforms CO2 emissions into valuable products, while Storage securely stores emissions to prevent atmospheric release. Closed-loop processes and waste valorization capitalize on material reuse, conserving natural resources, and minimizing waste. By promoting resource efficiency and waste minimization, circular economy principles align seamlessly with CCUS, closed-loop systems, and waste valorization. This study delves into utilizing Utilization technologies tailored to sugarcane 1G+2G bioethanol production, evaluates CO2 capture options, and presents applications. Storage strategies suitable for bioethanol production facilities are scrutinized, and deployment options are explored, highlighting the closed-loop system and waste valorization's role in waste reduction and environmental preservation. Through synergistic integration, these technologies pave the way for sustainable sugarcane bioethanol production, addressing economic and technological challenges while fostering innovation and collaboration. This comprehensive study will serve as a guide for transitioning to a circular economy model in bioethanol production.
{"title":"Circular Economy Integration in 1G+2G Sugarcane Bioethanol Production: Application of Carbon Capture, Utilization and Storage, Closed-Loop Systems, and Waste Valorization for Sustainability","authors":"Rich Jhon Paul Latiza, R. V. Rubi","doi":"10.14416/j.asep.2024.07.005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14416/j.asep.2024.07.005","url":null,"abstract":"Bioethanol production is a vital player in the renewable energy landscape. However, it faces pressing issues regarding carbon emissions and resource management. Traditional open-loop systems generate substantial waste and pollution, exacerbating environmental concerns. Various emerging technologies offer promising solutions. Carbon Capture, Utilization, and Storage (CCUS) presents avenues for tackling carbon emissions. Utilization transforms CO2 emissions into valuable products, while Storage securely stores emissions to prevent atmospheric release. Closed-loop processes and waste valorization capitalize on material reuse, conserving natural resources, and minimizing waste. By promoting resource efficiency and waste minimization, circular economy principles align seamlessly with CCUS, closed-loop systems, and waste valorization. This study delves into utilizing Utilization technologies tailored to sugarcane 1G+2G bioethanol production, evaluates CO2 capture options, and presents applications. Storage strategies suitable for bioethanol production facilities are scrutinized, and deployment options are explored, highlighting the closed-loop system and waste valorization's role in waste reduction and environmental preservation. Through synergistic integration, these technologies pave the way for sustainable sugarcane bioethanol production, addressing economic and technological challenges while fostering innovation and collaboration. This comprehensive study will serve as a guide for transitioning to a circular economy model in bioethanol production.","PeriodicalId":8097,"journal":{"name":"Applied Science and Engineering Progress","volume":"114 25","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141667876","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-05DOI: 10.14416/j.asep.2024.07.004
Roberth San Abando Solita, Felmer S. Latayada, Julius Anthony Magadan Leones, Elizabeth P. Parac, A. Alguno, R. Capangpangan
Pili nut production in the Philippines has grown steadily, but it faces significant challenges from pests and diseases, notably kernel rot. Yield losses due to this pathogen are still not measured, but the damage could extend from the purple immature to the dried postharvest nuts. Therefore, there is a pressing need for safe, effective, and environmentally friendly control measures. This study reports on the successful formulation of various Ionic Liquid-loaded Eucalyptus Essential Oil Nanoemulsions (IL-EEONE) for potential applications against Stenotrophomonas maltophilia, a pathogenic bacterium responsible for kernel rot disease in Pili nut (Canarium ovatum). Combining eucalyptus essential oil (EO) and Tween 80 in an oil-in-water (O/W) system, followed by stirring and sonication, and the subsequent loading of 1-Butyl-3-methylimidazolium hydrogen sulfate ([Bmim][HSO4]), an ionic liquid, at varying ratios (1:1, 2:1, and 3:1), yielding the formation of IL-EEONE. The nanoemulsion droplets exhibited a size range of 9.4–12.26 nm, highlighting their nanoscale dimensions. The IL-loaded nanoemulsions formulated at varying ratios typically displayed nearly monodisperse characteristics, except for the higher concentration 1:1 ratio of IL:EEONE formulation, as indicated by their Polydispersity Index (PDI) values. Fourier Transform Infrared (FT-IR) analysis further confirmed the successful formulation of the different IL-EEONE nanoemulsion compositions. Significantly, these nanoemulsions demonstrated excellent inhibitory properties against S. maltophilia, as indicated by Zone of Inhibition (ZOI) ranging from 11.3 ± 0.58 mm to 32.7 ± 0.58 mm. The antibacterial activity varied from partially active to very active across different formulations, with the 1:1 IL-EEONE ratio formulation standing out as exceptionally effective. This study shows the potential of IL-loaded nanoemulsions, IL-EEONE, as a potential agent for mitigating S. maltophilia causing the kernel rot disease, offering innovative avenues for addressing bacterial infection in agricultural settings.
菲律宾的霹雳坚果产量稳步增长，但也面临着病虫害带来的巨大挑战，尤其是果仁腐烂病。这种病原体造成的产量损失仍无法估量，但其危害可能从紫色的未成熟坚果一直延伸到收获后的干果。因此，迫切需要安全、有效和环保的控制措施。本研究报告了各种离子液体负载桉树精油纳米乳剂（IL-EEONE）的成功配制，这些纳米乳剂可用于防治嗜麦芽僵化单胞菌（一种导致皮里坚果（Canarium ovatum）果核腐烂病的病原菌）。在水包油（O/W）体系中加入桉树精油（EO）和吐温 80，然后进行搅拌和超声处理，随后以不同比例（1:1、2:1 和 3:1）加入离子液体 1-丁基-3-甲基咪唑硫酸氢盐（[Bmim][HSO4]），形成 IL-EEONE。纳米乳液液滴的尺寸范围为 9.4-12.26 纳米，凸显了其纳米级尺寸。除了浓度较高的 1:1 比例的 IL:EEONE 配方外，以不同比例配制的负载 IL 的纳米乳液通常显示出接近单分散的特性，这一点可以从它们的多分散指数（PDI）值看出。傅立叶变换红外（FT-IR）分析进一步证实了不同 IL-EEONE 纳米乳液组合物的成功配制。值得注意的是，这些纳米乳液对嗜麦芽糖酵母菌具有极佳的抑制特性，抑制区（ZOI）从 11.3 ± 0.58 mm 到 32.7 ± 0.58 mm 不等。不同配方的抗菌活性从部分活性到非常活性不等，其中 1:1 IL-EEONE 比率配方的抗菌效果尤为突出。这项研究表明，载入 IL 的纳米乳剂 IL-EEONE 具有减轻嗜麦芽酵母菌引起核腐病的潜在作用，为解决农业环境中的细菌感染问题提供了创新途径。
{"title":"Inhibiting Stenotrophomonas maltophilia, a Pathogenic Bacterium Responsible for Kernel Rot Disease in Pili nut (Canarium ovatum Engl.) with Ionic Liquid-loaded Nanoemulsions","authors":"Roberth San Abando Solita, Felmer S. Latayada, Julius Anthony Magadan Leones, Elizabeth P. Parac, A. Alguno, R. Capangpangan","doi":"10.14416/j.asep.2024.07.004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14416/j.asep.2024.07.004","url":null,"abstract":"Pili nut production in the Philippines has grown steadily, but it faces significant challenges from pests and diseases, notably kernel rot. Yield losses due to this pathogen are still not measured, but the damage could extend from the purple immature to the dried postharvest nuts. Therefore, there is a pressing need for safe, effective, and environmentally friendly control measures. This study reports on the successful formulation of various Ionic Liquid-loaded Eucalyptus Essential Oil Nanoemulsions (IL-EEONE) for potential applications against Stenotrophomonas maltophilia, a pathogenic bacterium responsible for kernel rot disease in Pili nut (Canarium ovatum). Combining eucalyptus essential oil (EO) and Tween 80 in an oil-in-water (O/W) system, followed by stirring and sonication, and the subsequent loading of 1-Butyl-3-methylimidazolium hydrogen sulfate ([Bmim][HSO4]), an ionic liquid, at varying ratios (1:1, 2:1, and 3:1), yielding the formation of IL-EEONE. The nanoemulsion droplets exhibited a size range of 9.4–12.26 nm, highlighting their nanoscale dimensions. The IL-loaded nanoemulsions formulated at varying ratios typically displayed nearly monodisperse characteristics, except for the higher concentration 1:1 ratio of IL:EEONE formulation, as indicated by their Polydispersity Index (PDI) values. Fourier Transform Infrared (FT-IR) analysis further confirmed the successful formulation of the different IL-EEONE nanoemulsion compositions. Significantly, these nanoemulsions demonstrated excellent inhibitory properties against S. maltophilia, as indicated by Zone of Inhibition (ZOI) ranging from 11.3 ± 0.58 mm to 32.7 ± 0.58 mm. The antibacterial activity varied from partially active to very active across different formulations, with the 1:1 IL-EEONE ratio formulation standing out as exceptionally effective. This study shows the potential of IL-loaded nanoemulsions, IL-EEONE, as a potential agent for mitigating S. maltophilia causing the kernel rot disease, offering innovative avenues for addressing bacterial infection in agricultural settings.","PeriodicalId":8097,"journal":{"name":"Applied Science and Engineering Progress","volume":" 12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141676340","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-04DOI: 10.14416/j.asep.2024.07.002
Muhammad Thoriq Al Fath, N. F. Dalimunthe, Rivaldi Sidabutar, Michael Michael, Rosma Natalia Samosir, Thiodorus Marvin Tjandra, Gina Cynthia Raphita Hasibuan
The global energy crisis sparked by dwindling fossil fuel reserves has precipitated efforts to develop sustainable battery technologies, as conventional dry cell batteries utilize toxic lead, graphite, and manganese oxide components that pollute the environment. Chitosan derived from black soldier fly (Hermetia illucens) maggot presents a biodegradable substitute. This study fabricated chitosan-based polymer electrolyte membranes by blending chitosan with polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) and polyacrylonitrile (PAN), then doping with ammonium chloride (NH4Cl) using the solvent-casting method. Varying NH4Cl compositions aimed to maximize ionic conductivity. Chitosan (13.455% water, 27.810% ash) was subsequently combined with PVA/PAN (20:80 w/w), NH4Cl, and casted onto petri dishes. Electrolyte membranes exhibited a maximum conductivity of 0.19612 ± 0.01572 S/cm with 0.9 g NH4Cl. FTIR spectroscopy verified the incorporation of chitosan (peaks at 3446.79 cm–1, 1643.35 cm–1, and 1151.50 cm–1), PVA (3446.79 cm–1 and 1136.07 cm–1), and NH4Cl (3371.57 cm–1 and 721.38 cm–1). SEM imaging visualized the incorporation of NH4Cl within the membrane. The chitosan-based biodegradable approach is compelling but limited by 0.19612 S/cm ionic conductivity, necessitating further compositional and processing optimizations for viable applications. Though it is promising for sustainable bio-sourced energy storage, challenges remain in enhancing conductivity through advanced polymer blends/dopants and scaling up for commercial biobattery manufacturing.
{"title":"Bio-sourced Black Soldier Fly (Hermetia illucens) Maggot Chitosan/PVA/PAN-based Polymer Electrolyte Membrane for Sustainable Energy Storage Applications","authors":"Muhammad Thoriq Al Fath, N. F. Dalimunthe, Rivaldi Sidabutar, Michael Michael, Rosma Natalia Samosir, Thiodorus Marvin Tjandra, Gina Cynthia Raphita Hasibuan","doi":"10.14416/j.asep.2024.07.002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14416/j.asep.2024.07.002","url":null,"abstract":"The global energy crisis sparked by dwindling fossil fuel reserves has precipitated efforts to develop sustainable battery technologies, as conventional dry cell batteries utilize toxic lead, graphite, and manganese oxide components that pollute the environment. Chitosan derived from black soldier fly (Hermetia illucens) maggot presents a biodegradable substitute. This study fabricated chitosan-based polymer electrolyte membranes by blending chitosan with polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) and polyacrylonitrile (PAN), then doping with ammonium chloride (NH4Cl) using the solvent-casting method. Varying NH4Cl compositions aimed to maximize ionic conductivity. Chitosan (13.455% water, 27.810% ash) was subsequently combined with PVA/PAN (20:80 w/w), NH4Cl, and casted onto petri dishes. Electrolyte membranes exhibited a maximum conductivity of 0.19612 ± 0.01572 S/cm with 0.9 g NH4Cl. FTIR spectroscopy verified the incorporation of chitosan (peaks at 3446.79 cm–1, 1643.35 cm–1, and 1151.50 cm–1), PVA (3446.79 cm–1 and 1136.07 cm–1), and NH4Cl (3371.57 cm–1 and 721.38 cm–1). SEM imaging visualized the incorporation of NH4Cl within the membrane. The chitosan-based biodegradable approach is compelling but limited by 0.19612 S/cm ionic conductivity, necessitating further compositional and processing optimizations for viable applications. Though it is promising for sustainable bio-sourced energy storage, challenges remain in enhancing conductivity through advanced polymer blends/dopants and scaling up for commercial biobattery manufacturing.","PeriodicalId":8097,"journal":{"name":"Applied Science and Engineering Progress","volume":" 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141678464","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-04DOI: 10.14416/j.asep.2024.07.003
Chaoyi Zeng, Atittaya Tandhanskul, Samatcha Krungkaew, Tanawan Likhanapaiboon, Witthawat Kasayapanan, P. Yasurin, Jie Tang, T. Phusantisampan, A. Tawai
Pathogenic microbial metabolism during food storage can lead to food spoilage, which can cause food poisoning and foodborne infections, posing a significant risk to human health and safety. Additionally, food spoilage generates greenhouse gases, which could contribute to global warming and have significant impacts. These challenges prompt us to explore effective solutions to reduce food spoilage, aiming to mitigate its adverse impacts. Many secondary plant metabolites have been used in the food and pharmaceutical industries due to their natural antimicrobial activity and low drug resistance. However, the reported targets of antibacterial action are complex, and with the continuous development of research methods, it has become possible to deeply analyze the antibacterial mechanisms using omics technologies. This article discussed the trends and application of transcriptomics, metabolomics, and proteomics in investigating the antimicrobial and antifungal properties of essential oils (EOs) and their active ingredients, aiming to provide a theoretical basis for the use of plant EOs and their active ingredients in addressing health risks and environmental challenges posed by food spoilage.
{"title":"Research Progress on using Omics Technology to Examine the Antimicrobial Mechanisms of Natural Active Substances","authors":"Chaoyi Zeng, Atittaya Tandhanskul, Samatcha Krungkaew, Tanawan Likhanapaiboon, Witthawat Kasayapanan, P. Yasurin, Jie Tang, T. Phusantisampan, A. Tawai","doi":"10.14416/j.asep.2024.07.003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14416/j.asep.2024.07.003","url":null,"abstract":"Pathogenic microbial metabolism during food storage can lead to food spoilage, which can cause food poisoning and foodborne infections, posing a significant risk to human health and safety. Additionally, food spoilage generates greenhouse gases, which could contribute to global warming and have significant impacts. These challenges prompt us to explore effective solutions to reduce food spoilage, aiming to mitigate its adverse impacts. Many secondary plant metabolites have been used in the food and pharmaceutical industries due to their natural antimicrobial activity and low drug resistance. However, the reported targets of antibacterial action are complex, and with the continuous development of research methods, it has become possible to deeply analyze the antibacterial mechanisms using omics technologies. This article discussed the trends and application of transcriptomics, metabolomics, and proteomics in investigating the antimicrobial and antifungal properties of essential oils (EOs) and their active ingredients, aiming to provide a theoretical basis for the use of plant EOs and their active ingredients in addressing health risks and environmental challenges posed by food spoilage.","PeriodicalId":8097,"journal":{"name":"Applied Science and Engineering Progress","volume":" 17","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141678778","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This research investigates the removal of phenol using pure peroxidase from horseradish grade I in conjunction with a dead-end ultrafiltration membrane. Various horseradish peroxidase (HRP) immobilization techniques— physical adsorption, covalent bonding, and cross-linking with glutaraldehyde—were applied to a regenerated cellulose (RC) membrane with a surface area of 44 m2 and a molecular weight cut-off of 30 kDa. The investigation examined factors influencing phenol removal, including phenol concentration, membrane fouling, and the reusability of immobilized enzymes. Results indicated that covalent bonding was the most suitable enzyme immobilization technique, achieving a remarkable 90.1% immobilization yield. Phenol removal efficiency reached 100% at 30 min under specific conditions: phenol concentration of 1 mg/L, pH 6.0, hydrogen peroxide concentration of 0.5 mM, and operating pressure set at 3 psig, with temperature maintained at 28 ± 3 °C. Membrane fouling resulted in a decrease in flux. The performance of fouling models was found to be influenced by phenol concentration, with the Cake Formation Model (CFM) proving most effective at low concentrations, while the Complete Pore Blocking Model (CBM) emerged as more suitable at higher concentrations. The immobilized enzyme exhibited reusability for five cycles, maintaining a phenol removal efficiency exceeding 50%. These findings contribute to understanding the enzymatic phenol removal process and the use of appropriate enzyme immobilization techniques for the effective and sustainable treatment of phenol-contaminated water.
{"title":"Phenol Removal through Horseradish Peroxidase Immobilization on Ultrafiltration Membranes: Comparative Analysis of Immobilization Methods and Fouling Patterns","authors":"Apinya Onsarn, Karnika Karnika, S. Mattaraj, Wipada Dechapanya, Tiammanee Rattanaweerapan, Sompop Sanongraj","doi":"10.14416/j.asep.2024.07.001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14416/j.asep.2024.07.001","url":null,"abstract":"This research investigates the removal of phenol using pure peroxidase from horseradish grade I in conjunction with a dead-end ultrafiltration membrane. Various horseradish peroxidase (HRP) immobilization techniques— physical adsorption, covalent bonding, and cross-linking with glutaraldehyde—were applied to a regenerated cellulose (RC) membrane with a surface area of 44 m2 and a molecular weight cut-off of 30 kDa. The investigation examined factors influencing phenol removal, including phenol concentration, membrane fouling, and the reusability of immobilized enzymes. Results indicated that covalent bonding was the most suitable enzyme immobilization technique, achieving a remarkable 90.1% immobilization yield. Phenol removal efficiency reached 100% at 30 min under specific conditions: phenol concentration of 1 mg/L, pH 6.0, hydrogen peroxide concentration of 0.5 mM, and operating pressure set at 3 psig, with temperature maintained at 28 ± 3 °C. Membrane fouling resulted in a decrease in flux. The performance of fouling models was found to be influenced by phenol concentration, with the Cake Formation Model (CFM) proving most effective at low concentrations, while the Complete Pore Blocking Model (CBM) emerged as more suitable at higher concentrations. The immobilized enzyme exhibited reusability for five cycles, maintaining a phenol removal efficiency exceeding 50%. These findings contribute to understanding the enzymatic phenol removal process and the use of appropriate enzyme immobilization techniques for the effective and sustainable treatment of phenol-contaminated water.","PeriodicalId":8097,"journal":{"name":"Applied Science and Engineering Progress","volume":"5 19","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141684323","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-06-04DOI: 10.14416/j.asep.2024.06.001
A. Akinwekomi, I. Oladele, Li Onuh, Essien Essien Essien, N. I. Agbeboh, M. Idris
Although considered wastes, animal fibers and gastropod shell particles are biodegradable, have low density, high stiffness, considerably high impact absorption capacity and relatively low cost. Therefore, they are finding increasing use as reinforcement materials in polymer composites. This research work studied the tensile, hardness, and wear resistance properties of hybrid snail shell (SSP) and chicken feather barb fibers (CFB) reinforced epoxy composites. The stir cast molding technique was utilized to synthesize the composite samples with 3, 6, 9, 12, 15, and 18 wt.% of the hybrid SSPs/CFB. Compared with the control samples, SSP/CFB hybrid reinforcements enhanced the mechanical properties of the composites. Composites with intermediate weight fraction of 9 wt.% SSP/CFB exhibited overall optimum properties when benchmarked against the control sample with approximately 37, 37, 133, 19, and 59% improvement in wear, hardness, impact, and ultimate tensile strength properties respectively. These enhancements suggested a synergistic effect of the two reinforcement phases. The results presented in this study demonstrated the potential of utilizing bio-derived waste materials for synthesizing eco-friendly composites.
{"title":"Development and Characterization of Hybrid Particulate-fiber Reinforced Epoxy Composites","authors":"A. Akinwekomi, I. Oladele, Li Onuh, Essien Essien Essien, N. I. Agbeboh, M. Idris","doi":"10.14416/j.asep.2024.06.001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14416/j.asep.2024.06.001","url":null,"abstract":"Although considered wastes, animal fibers and gastropod shell particles are biodegradable, have low density, high stiffness, considerably high impact absorption capacity and relatively low cost. Therefore, they are finding increasing use as reinforcement materials in polymer composites. This research work studied the tensile, hardness, and wear resistance properties of hybrid snail shell (SSP) and chicken feather barb fibers (CFB) reinforced epoxy composites. The stir cast molding technique was utilized to synthesize the composite samples with 3, 6, 9, 12, 15, and 18 wt.% of the hybrid SSPs/CFB. Compared with the control samples, SSP/CFB hybrid reinforcements enhanced the mechanical properties of the composites. Composites with intermediate weight fraction of 9 wt.% SSP/CFB exhibited overall optimum properties when benchmarked against the control sample with approximately 37, 37, 133, 19, and 59% improvement in wear, hardness, impact, and ultimate tensile strength properties respectively. These enhancements suggested a synergistic effect of the two reinforcement phases. The results presented in this study demonstrated the potential of utilizing bio-derived waste materials for synthesizing eco-friendly composites.","PeriodicalId":8097,"journal":{"name":"Applied Science and Engineering Progress","volume":"1 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141266514","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-01-26DOI: 10.14416/j.asep.2024.01.005
A. Kengpol, Alongkorn Klaiklueng
Accurately classifying the limes quality of limes according to established standards is paramount for instilling trust in farmers' trading of agricultural produce. Historically, machinery has been employed to categorize the lime quality, with dual objectives of cost reduction and error mitigation, thereby facilitating the classifying process. Nevertheless, deploying such machinery to classify limes in their fresh produce form, intended for consumer sale, has encountered limitations imposed by the stringent criteria stipulated in Thai Agricultural Standards No. TAS 27-2017, a standard derived from the Codex Standard and widely adopted by numerous countries. Considering these constraints, the presented research aims to enhance the efficiency of limes classification, adhering to the standards. The Machine Learning System is designed to recognize and categorize limes based upon their skin color and defects to achieve this goal. This system employed convolutional neural network (CNN) models in conjunction with logistic regression equations, which are unavailable in the literature. The research findings indicate that this system is proficient in accurately presenting lime images and their corresponding quality classes via a Graphical User Interface on a computer screen, achieving an accuracy rate exceeding 90%. The implications of this research extend to the agricultural sector by augmenting the efficacy of Machine Learning for classifying limes in compliance with Thai Agricultural Standard No. TAS 27-2017. Furthermore, the methodology developed in this study can find applicability in classifying other agricultural products.
按照既定标准对石灰的质量进行准确分类，对于建立农民对农产品交易的信任至关重要。从历史上看，人们一直使用机械对酸橙质量进行分类，以达到降低成本和减少误差的双重目的，从而促进分类过程。然而，使用这种机械对供消费者销售的新鲜酸橙进行分类，却遇到了泰国农业标准第 TAS 27-2017 号规定的严格标准所带来的限制，该标准源自食品法典标准，被许多国家广泛采用。考虑到这些限制因素，本研究旨在根据标准提高酸橙分类的效率。为实现这一目标，设计了机器学习系统，根据青柠檬的肤色和缺陷对其进行识别和分类。该系统采用了卷积神经网络（CNN）模型和逻辑回归方程，这在文献中是没有的。研究结果表明，该系统能够通过计算机屏幕上的图形用户界面准确呈现石灰图像及其相应的质量等级，准确率超过 90%。这项研究的意义延伸到了农业领域，它增强了机器学习在按照泰国农业标准第 TAS 27-2017 号对石灰进行分类方面的功效。此外，本研究开发的方法还适用于其他农产品的分类。
{"title":"Design of Machine Learning for Limes Classification Based Upon Thai Agricultural Standard No. TAS 27-2017","authors":"A. Kengpol, Alongkorn Klaiklueng","doi":"10.14416/j.asep.2024.01.005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14416/j.asep.2024.01.005","url":null,"abstract":"Accurately classifying the limes quality of limes according to established standards is paramount for instilling trust in farmers' trading of agricultural produce. Historically, machinery has been employed to categorize the lime quality, with dual objectives of cost reduction and error mitigation, thereby facilitating the classifying process. Nevertheless, deploying such machinery to classify limes in their fresh produce form, intended for consumer sale, has encountered limitations imposed by the stringent criteria stipulated in Thai Agricultural Standards No. TAS 27-2017, a standard derived from the Codex Standard and widely adopted by numerous countries. Considering these constraints, the presented research aims to enhance the efficiency of limes classification, adhering to the standards. The Machine Learning System is designed to recognize and categorize limes based upon their skin color and defects to achieve this goal. This system employed convolutional neural network (CNN) models in conjunction with logistic regression equations, which are unavailable in the literature. The research findings indicate that this system is proficient in accurately presenting lime images and their corresponding quality classes via a Graphical User Interface on a computer screen, achieving an accuracy rate exceeding 90%. The implications of this research extend to the agricultural sector by augmenting the efficacy of Machine Learning for classifying limes in compliance with Thai Agricultural Standard No. TAS 27-2017. Furthermore, the methodology developed in this study can find applicability in classifying other agricultural products.","PeriodicalId":8097,"journal":{"name":"Applied Science and Engineering Progress","volume":"46 34","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139594991","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-01-24DOI: 10.14416/j.asep.2024.01.004
N. Barzkar, B. Thumthanaruk, M. S. Kalhoro, V. Rungsardthong, T. Phusantisampan
Jellyfish are gelatinous sea creatures that belong to the subphylum Medusozoa of the phylum Cnidaria and are found on many beaches worldwide. Despite being considered a nuisance, jellyfish have many uses, such as being a source of high-value molecules such as collagen, gelatin, and protein hydrolysates and a source of high-protein food. Studies related to its availability, post-harvest applications, and need-based use in biomedicine are thrust research of analysis or investigation. Therefore, this review has been designed with all the latest information with a focus on applications of jellyfish in agro-based biotechnology and pharmaceutics. The review has been systematically arranged to present on the broader search platform for future research studies and possible need-based applications.
{"title":"Recent Updates on Jellyfish: Applications in Agro-based Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Interests","authors":"N. Barzkar, B. Thumthanaruk, M. S. Kalhoro, V. Rungsardthong, T. Phusantisampan","doi":"10.14416/j.asep.2024.01.004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14416/j.asep.2024.01.004","url":null,"abstract":"Jellyfish are gelatinous sea creatures that belong to the subphylum Medusozoa of the phylum Cnidaria and are found on many beaches worldwide. Despite being considered a nuisance, jellyfish have many uses, such as being a source of high-value molecules such as collagen, gelatin, and protein hydrolysates and a source of high-protein food. Studies related to its availability, post-harvest applications, and need-based use in biomedicine are thrust research of analysis or investigation. Therefore, this review has been designed with all the latest information with a focus on applications of jellyfish in agro-based biotechnology and pharmaceutics. The review has been systematically arranged to present on the broader search platform for future research studies and possible need-based applications.","PeriodicalId":8097,"journal":{"name":"Applied Science and Engineering Progress","volume":"66 36","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139600401","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-01-18DOI: 10.14416/j.asep.2024.01.003
Z. Zulkarnaini, Nadiah Atsil, Hillary Citra Aribah, P. S. Komala, Shinta Silvia Shinta Silvia, Norihisa Matsuura
The anaerobic ammonium oxidation (anammox) process is known as the warm process. Tropical areas have an advantage due to their consistent temperature throughout the year. This study analyzed the diversity of anammox bacteria in the tropical area using leachate sludge from a landfill as an inoculum in a filter bioreactor (FtBR) and observed nitrogen removal performance. Ammonium and nitrite concentrations of 70, 150, and 200 mg-N/L were delivered into the reactor continuously with hydraulic retention time (HRT) of 24 h and 12 h and run for 131 days at ambient tropical temperature (25–28 °C). High performance achieved with nitrogen removal rate (NRR), nitrogen removal efficiency (NRE), and ammonium conversion efficiency (ACE) were 0.866 kg-N/m3.d, 99.19%, and 98.90%, respectively. The cultivated leachate sludge could perform an anammox process with four anammox species, Candidatus Brocadia fulgida, Candidatus Brocadia sapporoensis, Candidatus Brocadia sp uncultured, Candidatus Jettenia sp with abundance 6.52%, 13.82%, 0.77%, and 0.69%, respectively. These findings contribute to the advancement of biotechnology in wastewater treatment, particularly in tropical countries, and highlight the potential for highly cost-effective technology.
{"title":"Diversity of Anammox Bacteria from Landfill Treatment Plant Sludge in Tropical Area","authors":"Z. Zulkarnaini, Nadiah Atsil, Hillary Citra Aribah, P. S. Komala, Shinta Silvia Shinta Silvia, Norihisa Matsuura","doi":"10.14416/j.asep.2024.01.003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14416/j.asep.2024.01.003","url":null,"abstract":"The anaerobic ammonium oxidation (anammox) process is known as the warm process. Tropical areas have an advantage due to their consistent temperature throughout the year. This study analyzed the diversity of anammox bacteria in the tropical area using leachate sludge from a landfill as an inoculum in a filter bioreactor (FtBR) and observed nitrogen removal performance. Ammonium and nitrite concentrations of 70, 150, and 200 mg-N/L were delivered into the reactor continuously with hydraulic retention time (HRT) of 24 h and 12 h and run for 131 days at ambient tropical temperature (25–28 °C). High performance achieved with nitrogen removal rate (NRR), nitrogen removal efficiency (NRE), and ammonium conversion efficiency (ACE) were 0.866 kg-N/m3.d, 99.19%, and 98.90%, respectively. The cultivated leachate sludge could perform an anammox process with four anammox species, Candidatus Brocadia fulgida, Candidatus Brocadia sapporoensis, Candidatus Brocadia sp uncultured, Candidatus Jettenia sp with abundance 6.52%, 13.82%, 0.77%, and 0.69%, respectively. These findings contribute to the advancement of biotechnology in wastewater treatment, particularly in tropical countries, and highlight the potential for highly cost-effective technology.","PeriodicalId":8097,"journal":{"name":"Applied Science and Engineering Progress","volume":"120 48","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139614922","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-15DOI: 10.14416/j.asep.2023.12.004
K. Rattanaporn, Thanagorn Ruensodsai, Richard Q. Mensah, Shrivarshini Vasudevan, Ratheeshkumar Shanmugam, P. Venkatachalam, Nichaphat Kitiborwornkul, M. Sriariyanun
Due to the health benefit of fucosylated chondroitin sulfate (FuCS), the efficient method for extraction of FuCS from raw materials is a crucial issue in reducing the production cost. In this study, enzymatic extraction of FuCS from two species of sea cucumber, Holothuria scabra and Bohadschia argus was undertaken using two protease enzymes, alcalase and papain. Response surface methodology (RSM) was employed in determining the optimal extraction conditions with the highest yield of FuCS concentration. The predicted optimal papain-assisted extraction conditions of Holothuria scabra and Bohadschia argus obtained a predicted FuCS yield of 1609.73 mg/100 g and 444.51 mg/100 g, respectively. To compare extraction efficiencies of two protease enzymes, employment of the RSM optimal conditions to Holothuria scabra resulted in 1538.76 ± 20.26 mg/ 100 g and 1295.50 ± 14.28 mg/100 g of purified FuCS for papain and alcalase, respectively. Whereas Bohadschia argus produced 412.39 ± 10.12 mg/100 g and 461.11 ± 8.45 mg/100 g purified FuCS for papain and alcalase, respectively. The acquired FTIR and NMR spectrums of extracted FuCS showed typical bands of sulfation patterns and were compared to commercial FuCS. The extracted FuCS showed enzyme type dependent antioxidant activity, and significant tyrosinase inhibitory activity than commercial FuCS. It also exhibited similar anti-glucosidase activity as commercial FuCS. Thus, this study reveals potential applications of enzyme-assisted FuCS from sea cucumber in food and pharmaceutical industries.
{"title":"Enzyme-Assisted Extraction of Fucosylated Chondroitin Sulfate from Sea Cucumber Holothuria scabra and Bohadschia argus and their Potential in Pharmaceutical Applications","authors":"K. Rattanaporn, Thanagorn Ruensodsai, Richard Q. Mensah, Shrivarshini Vasudevan, Ratheeshkumar Shanmugam, P. Venkatachalam, Nichaphat Kitiborwornkul, M. Sriariyanun","doi":"10.14416/j.asep.2023.12.004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14416/j.asep.2023.12.004","url":null,"abstract":"Due to the health benefit of fucosylated chondroitin sulfate (FuCS), the efficient method for extraction of FuCS from raw materials is a crucial issue in reducing the production cost. In this study, enzymatic extraction of FuCS from two species of sea cucumber, Holothuria scabra and Bohadschia argus was undertaken using two protease enzymes, alcalase and papain. Response surface methodology (RSM) was employed in determining the optimal extraction conditions with the highest yield of FuCS concentration. The predicted optimal papain-assisted extraction conditions of Holothuria scabra and Bohadschia argus obtained a predicted FuCS yield of 1609.73 mg/100 g and 444.51 mg/100 g, respectively. To compare extraction efficiencies of two protease enzymes, employment of the RSM optimal conditions to Holothuria scabra resulted in 1538.76 ± 20.26 mg/ 100 g and 1295.50 ± 14.28 mg/100 g of purified FuCS for papain and alcalase, respectively. Whereas Bohadschia argus produced 412.39 ± 10.12 mg/100 g and 461.11 ± 8.45 mg/100 g purified FuCS for papain and alcalase, respectively. The acquired FTIR and NMR spectrums of extracted FuCS showed typical bands of sulfation patterns and were compared to commercial FuCS. The extracted FuCS showed enzyme type dependent antioxidant activity, and significant tyrosinase inhibitory activity than commercial FuCS. It also exhibited similar anti-glucosidase activity as commercial FuCS. Thus, this study reveals potential applications of enzyme-assisted FuCS from sea cucumber in food and pharmaceutical industries.","PeriodicalId":8097,"journal":{"name":"Applied Science and Engineering Progress","volume":"24 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139000761","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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