Pub Date : 2023-08-08DOI: 10.14416/j.asep.2023.08.001
O. Falodun, R. Loto
The effects of Zea mays husk particle and heat treatment on the corrosion behavior of AA70 matrix composite in 1.5 wt.% NaCl/0.0125 M H2SO4 concentrations were studied using an electrochemical technique and optical microscopy. Results showed that the samples had similar anodic-cathodic polarization behavior after heat treatment, with no passivation. However, the heat-treated AA70 matrix composites were more corrosion-resistant than the untreated AA70 matrix composite material in 1.5 wt.% NaCl/0.0125 M H2SO4 concentrations. The composite with 15 wt.% Zea mays husk and a particle size of 300 μm reinforced AA70 matrix revealed the least corrosive tendency and is the most thermodynamically stable in chloride and sulphate ions conditions. Therefore, the corrosion behavior of heat-treated AA70 matrix composites was better compared to that of AA70 material in 1.5 wt.% NaCl/0.0125 M H2SO4 solution. Furthermore, the presence of a high concentration of aggressive chloride ions increases the corrosion susceptibility, and the Zea mays husk particle breaks down the stable oxide film, resulting in increased chloride ion adsorption. The optical microscopy examination suggested the presence of localized corrosion on the material surface.
{"title":"Corrosion Behavior of AA70 Reinforced Zea mays Husk Particle in NaCl/H2SO4 Concentrations","authors":"O. Falodun, R. Loto","doi":"10.14416/j.asep.2023.08.001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14416/j.asep.2023.08.001","url":null,"abstract":"The effects of Zea mays husk particle and heat treatment on the corrosion behavior of AA70 matrix composite in 1.5 wt.% NaCl/0.0125 M H2SO4 concentrations were studied using an electrochemical technique and optical microscopy. Results showed that the samples had similar anodic-cathodic polarization behavior after heat treatment, with no passivation. However, the heat-treated AA70 matrix composites were more corrosion-resistant than the untreated AA70 matrix composite material in 1.5 wt.% NaCl/0.0125 M H2SO4 concentrations. The composite with 15 wt.% Zea mays husk and a particle size of 300 μm reinforced AA70 matrix revealed the least corrosive tendency and is the most thermodynamically stable in chloride and sulphate ions conditions. Therefore, the corrosion behavior of heat-treated AA70 matrix composites was better compared to that of AA70 material in 1.5 wt.% NaCl/0.0125 M H2SO4 solution. Furthermore, the presence of a high concentration of aggressive chloride ions increases the corrosion susceptibility, and the Zea mays husk particle breaks down the stable oxide film, resulting in increased chloride ion adsorption. The optical microscopy examination suggested the presence of localized corrosion on the material surface.","PeriodicalId":8097,"journal":{"name":"Applied Science and Engineering Progress","volume":"29 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41294846","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
About 2–2.8% of robusta coffee contains caffeine. The maximum caffeine content in coffee should be between 0.45–2% according to the standard. Consequently, the fermentation process is required to lower the caffeine content in robusta coffee. Saccharomyces cerevisiae produces enzymes during fermentation process that can break down caffeine into uric acid, 7-methylxanthine, and xanthine. In this study, simulation is used to obtain data on fermentation’s kinetics. The goal of this study is to determine the effect of Dampit robusta coffee fermentation using S. cerevisiae on the caffeine level in coffee beans and to simulate the fermentation process using the Monod equation. This study employs two techniques: laboratory-scale investigation and simulation of fermentation kinetics. Ultraviolet-visible spectrophotometry is used to analyze the caffeine content. The caffeinelevel data is used in fermentation kinetic simulation using microsoft Excel software. Simulation data is validated using the coefficient of determination (R2) on the regression results and the least significant difference method. Caffeine-level data is tested with 24, 36, 48, 60, and 72 h as the fermentation time variables. The study’s findings indicate that fermentation using S. cerevisiae can reduce caffeine content to 15.0063 mg/g. Simulation of robusta coffee fermentation using the Monod equation yields the valid values of reaction rate constant (k) and Monod constant (CM) as −0.01047 and −24.978, respectively. Monod fermentation is suitable for simulating the fermentation of Dampit robusta coffee using S. cerevisiae with a fermentation time of 24–60 h.
{"title":"The Kinetic Study of Dampit Robusta Coffee Caffeine Degradation by Saccharomyces cerevisiae","authors":"Aji Hendra Sarosa, Vivi Nurhadianty, Nurul Huda Fauzan Naufal Dian, Fitri Anita, Alief Fitri Noerdinna, Shalsa Dilla Ainur Rizqy","doi":"10.14416/j.asep.2023.07.004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14416/j.asep.2023.07.004","url":null,"abstract":"About 2–2.8% of robusta coffee contains caffeine. The maximum caffeine content in coffee should be between 0.45–2% according to the standard. Consequently, the fermentation process is required to lower the caffeine content in robusta coffee. Saccharomyces cerevisiae produces enzymes during fermentation process that can break down caffeine into uric acid, 7-methylxanthine, and xanthine. In this study, simulation is used to obtain data on fermentation’s kinetics. The goal of this study is to determine the effect of Dampit robusta coffee fermentation using S. cerevisiae on the caffeine level in coffee beans and to simulate the fermentation process using the Monod equation. This study employs two techniques: laboratory-scale investigation and simulation of fermentation kinetics. Ultraviolet-visible spectrophotometry is used to analyze the caffeine content. The caffeinelevel data is used in fermentation kinetic simulation using microsoft Excel software. Simulation data is validated using the coefficient of determination (R2) on the regression results and the least significant difference method. Caffeine-level data is tested with 24, 36, 48, 60, and 72 h as the fermentation time variables. The study’s findings indicate that fermentation using S. cerevisiae can reduce caffeine content to 15.0063 mg/g. Simulation of robusta coffee fermentation using the Monod equation yields the valid values of reaction rate constant (k) and Monod constant (CM) as −0.01047 and −24.978, respectively. Monod fermentation is suitable for simulating the fermentation of Dampit robusta coffee using S. cerevisiae with a fermentation time of 24–60 h.","PeriodicalId":8097,"journal":{"name":"Applied Science and Engineering Progress","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42657413","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-19DOI: 10.14416/j.asep.2023.07.003
I. Oladele, Li Onuh, S. Siengchin, M. Sanjay, Samson Oluwagbenga Adelani
Polymer-based materials have been discovered as the most outstanding class of material that is fast displacing other materials in all areas of human needs. The dire need for durable, aesthetic, and lightweight materials has favored the increasing demand for polymer-based materials in structural industries. The application of polymeric-based materials in all aspects of human endeavor is based on their ease of formation, lightweight, and acceptable properties. The philosophy of composite development has also contributed immensely to the production of components from polymer-based materials suitable for several structural applications. More recently, interest in green materials also encourages the use of polymer-based materials in structural applications. The suitability of a material for any selected application is justified by structural and environmental compatibility. Thus, researchers have focused on these two major areas in their investigations for product development. Despite continuous efforts in these two directions, they are still issues of great concern to researchers in satisfying the desires of users presently. Hence, this review presents the philosophies of researchers, the product developed, and areas of application for polymer-based materials in structural industries such as biomedical, building and construction, energy, and sports. The paper advanced graphical presentation of the application of developed products and strongly supports the recommendation of polymer-based composite materials as a viable alternative to other materials due to their remarkable capabilities in many application domains.
{"title":"Modern Applications of Polymer Composites in Structural Industries: A Review of Philosophies, Product Development, and Graphical Applications","authors":"I. Oladele, Li Onuh, S. Siengchin, M. Sanjay, Samson Oluwagbenga Adelani","doi":"10.14416/j.asep.2023.07.003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14416/j.asep.2023.07.003","url":null,"abstract":"Polymer-based materials have been discovered as the most outstanding class of material that is fast displacing other materials in all areas of human needs. The dire need for durable, aesthetic, and lightweight materials has favored the increasing demand for polymer-based materials in structural industries. The application of polymeric-based materials in all aspects of human endeavor is based on their ease of formation, lightweight, and acceptable properties. The philosophy of composite development has also contributed immensely to the production of components from polymer-based materials suitable for several structural applications. More recently, interest in green materials also encourages the use of polymer-based materials in structural applications. The suitability of a material for any selected application is justified by structural and environmental compatibility. Thus, researchers have focused on these two major areas in their investigations for product development. Despite continuous efforts in these two directions, they are still issues of great concern to researchers in satisfying the desires of users presently. Hence, this review presents the philosophies of researchers, the product developed, and areas of application for polymer-based materials in structural industries such as biomedical, building and construction, energy, and sports. The paper advanced graphical presentation of the application of developed products and strongly supports the recommendation of polymer-based composite materials as a viable alternative to other materials due to their remarkable capabilities in many application domains.","PeriodicalId":8097,"journal":{"name":"Applied Science and Engineering Progress","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43639010","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-14DOI: 10.14416/j.asep.2023.07.002
Chayanit Thairat, P. Kijamnajsuk, S. Chotikaprakhan, C. Kuleung, J. Chen
A solution for achieving high-performance measurements in a space-constrained experimental setup was developed as a portable incubating instrument for real-time fluorescence detection of AvrPi9 gene in rice blast fungus by using a calibrated spectrometer in CRISPR-Cas12a detection. The system demonstrates accurate temperature control with low energy consumption and low deviation of ±0.16 °C from the setpoint temperatures, with high sensitivity and accurate detection within 10 min. The CRISPR-Cas12a detection reaction was demonstrated using AvrPi9 PCR product, crRNAs, LbCas12a and fluorescence-quencher reporter incubating at 37 °C for 10 min. Calibrated C12666MA spectrometer with 480 nm and 520 nm LEDs vs HR4000 reference exhibits low RMS of 0.54 and 1.30 and drift of 6.4 nm and 4.84 nm, respectively indicating high accuracy and reliability in fluorescence detection. Fluorescence signals were observed under an LED transilluminator, while real-time analysis was conducted through spectrometric measurements upon excitation by a 480 nm high-intensity blue LED source. Accuracy of detection between positive, non-template and non-target control was reported with no incidence of false positives observed. The instrument exhibits reliable quantitative detection capabilities with a limit of detection of 3.8 ng of DNA targets that are comparable to when running the same reaction on a commercial real-time PCR, with a detection limit of 1 ng. This study demonstrates that the CRISPR-Cas12a detection method represents a significant breakthrough in molecular diagnostics due to its advantages of rapidity, high sensitivity, and convenience allowing for the development of a compact, and energy-efficient platform that can facilitate real-time on-site diagnostics with accurate temperature control.
{"title":"Development of Real-Time Fluorescence CRISPR/Cas12a-Based Detection as a Portable Diagnostic System Using Integrated Circuits","authors":"Chayanit Thairat, P. Kijamnajsuk, S. Chotikaprakhan, C. Kuleung, J. Chen","doi":"10.14416/j.asep.2023.07.002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14416/j.asep.2023.07.002","url":null,"abstract":"A solution for achieving high-performance measurements in a space-constrained experimental setup was developed as a portable incubating instrument for real-time fluorescence detection of AvrPi9 gene in rice blast fungus by using a calibrated spectrometer in CRISPR-Cas12a detection. The system demonstrates accurate temperature control with low energy consumption and low deviation of ±0.16 °C from the setpoint temperatures, with high sensitivity and accurate detection within 10 min. The CRISPR-Cas12a detection reaction was demonstrated using AvrPi9 PCR product, crRNAs, LbCas12a and fluorescence-quencher reporter incubating at 37 °C for 10 min. Calibrated C12666MA spectrometer with 480 nm and 520 nm LEDs vs HR4000 reference exhibits low RMS of 0.54 and 1.30 and drift of 6.4 nm and 4.84 nm, respectively indicating high accuracy and reliability in fluorescence detection. Fluorescence signals were observed under an LED transilluminator, while real-time analysis was conducted through spectrometric measurements upon excitation by a 480 nm high-intensity blue LED source. Accuracy of detection between positive, non-template and non-target control was reported with no incidence of false positives observed. The instrument exhibits reliable quantitative detection capabilities with a limit of detection of 3.8 ng of DNA targets that are comparable to when running the same reaction on a commercial real-time PCR, with a detection limit of 1 ng. This study demonstrates that the CRISPR-Cas12a detection method represents a significant breakthrough in molecular diagnostics due to its advantages of rapidity, high sensitivity, and convenience allowing for the development of a compact, and energy-efficient platform that can facilitate real-time on-site diagnostics with accurate temperature control.","PeriodicalId":8097,"journal":{"name":"Applied Science and Engineering Progress","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42825595","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-04DOI: 10.14416/j.asep.2023.07.001
O. M. Abioye, D. Olasehinde, T. Abadunmi
Empirical observations and theory both discourage the production and use of chemical fertilizers as they can lead to environmental pollution, soil degradation and reduction in soil fertility in the long term. In certain cases, excess nutrients from chemical fertilizers such as nitrogen and phosphorus can leach into nearby water causing eutrophication. Also, the production process requires large amounts of energy, which often comes from burning fossil fuels contributing significantly to greenhouse gas concentration. Biofertilizers present a promising alternative to chemical fertilizers and improve agricultural sustainability and reduce environmental pollution. However, there is still more to learn about the potential benefits of biofertilizers based on factors such as soil type, crop species, and environmental conditions. This review shows the Trichoderma species as one of the most prominent biofertilizers that can help in plant growth promotion and serve as a biocontrol agent against plant pathogens. An extensive summary of scientific literature on Trichoderma’s production, effectiveness in comparison to chemical fertilizers and its potential for use are discussed. Trichoderma species have been documented to possess numerous mechanisms to combat a wide range of plant pathogens, protect plants from biotic and abiotic stresses, reduce drought and salinity stress fungal attacks and promote root growth. Trichoderma is an ecofriendly organic fertilizer that can promote food security and enhance sustainable crop production. This article provides a comprehensive and up-to-date summary of the current state of knowledge on Trichoderma as a biofertilizer and indicates future research directions.
{"title":"The Role of Biofertilizers in Sustainable Agriculture: An Eco-Friendly Alternative to Conventional Chemical Fertilizers","authors":"O. M. Abioye, D. Olasehinde, T. Abadunmi","doi":"10.14416/j.asep.2023.07.001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14416/j.asep.2023.07.001","url":null,"abstract":"Empirical observations and theory both discourage the production and use of chemical fertilizers as they can lead to environmental pollution, soil degradation and reduction in soil fertility in the long term. In certain cases, excess nutrients from chemical fertilizers such as nitrogen and phosphorus can leach into nearby water causing eutrophication. Also, the production process requires large amounts of energy, which often comes from burning fossil fuels contributing significantly to greenhouse gas concentration. Biofertilizers present a promising alternative to chemical fertilizers and improve agricultural sustainability and reduce environmental pollution. However, there is still more to learn about the potential benefits of biofertilizers based on factors such as soil type, crop species, and environmental conditions. This review shows the Trichoderma species as one of the most prominent biofertilizers that can help in plant growth promotion and serve as a biocontrol agent against plant pathogens. An extensive summary of scientific literature on Trichoderma’s production, effectiveness in comparison to chemical fertilizers and its potential for use are discussed. Trichoderma species have been documented to possess numerous mechanisms to combat a wide range of plant pathogens, protect plants from biotic and abiotic stresses, reduce drought and salinity stress fungal attacks and promote root growth. Trichoderma is an ecofriendly organic fertilizer that can promote food security and enhance sustainable crop production. This article provides a comprehensive and up-to-date summary of the current state of knowledge on Trichoderma as a biofertilizer and indicates future research directions.","PeriodicalId":8097,"journal":{"name":"Applied Science and Engineering Progress","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47411224","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-27DOI: 10.14416/j.asep.2023.06.003
K. Sriboonma, Chichaya Boonmee, Sacharuck Pornpeerakeat, K. Rodsin, Natawut Chaiwino
Full-Depth Precast Concrete (FDPC) bridge deck panel system, consisting of concrete deck and steel girders, has been used widely for highway and bridge construction due to rapid construction and replacement as well as in terms of economics. This system could integrate with clusters of large size headed-stud shear connectors for more significant connection, although larger composite actions were experienced. Therefore, a new angle steel ring confinement was introduced and tested by push-off samples for the most effective shear transfer. The Finite Element Analysis (FEA) of the push-off model with an in-depth investigation of non-linear concrete properties, boundary parameters, and different geometries of angle ring confinement was developed in this study. The FE models were verified with the push-off test in terms of loads, displacements, and failure stages. Nonlinear concrete material models: Concrete Damage (CD) and Drucker Prager (DP) were identified the different abilities either for predicting initial cracks, or determining maximum resistance and critical failure, respectively. The thickness of the angle and the sizes of hook bars were investigated for the most effective aspects of the angle ring confinement. The results showed comparable stiffness and load resistance for various aspects. However, compatible geometries, either 5 mm thick angles with DB12 hook bars or 10 mm angles with DB25 hook bars, were suggested. The final non-linear FEA model was reliable for comparative studies to FDPC push-off with different confinement configurations.
{"title":"Finite Element Investigation of Angle Ring Confinement for Clustered Large-size Stud Shear Connector in Full-Depth Precast Concrete Bridge Deck Panel","authors":"K. Sriboonma, Chichaya Boonmee, Sacharuck Pornpeerakeat, K. Rodsin, Natawut Chaiwino","doi":"10.14416/j.asep.2023.06.003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14416/j.asep.2023.06.003","url":null,"abstract":"Full-Depth Precast Concrete (FDPC) bridge deck panel system, consisting of concrete deck and steel girders, has been used widely for highway and bridge construction due to rapid construction and replacement as well as in terms of economics. This system could integrate with clusters of large size headed-stud shear connectors for more significant connection, although larger composite actions were experienced. Therefore, a new angle steel ring confinement was introduced and tested by push-off samples for the most effective shear transfer. The Finite Element Analysis (FEA) of the push-off model with an in-depth investigation of non-linear concrete properties, boundary parameters, and different geometries of angle ring confinement was developed in this study. The FE models were verified with the push-off test in terms of loads, displacements, and failure stages. Nonlinear concrete material models: Concrete Damage (CD) and Drucker Prager (DP) were identified the different abilities either for predicting initial cracks, or determining maximum resistance and critical failure, respectively. The thickness of the angle and the sizes of hook bars were investigated for the most effective aspects of the angle ring confinement. The results showed comparable stiffness and load resistance for various aspects. However, compatible geometries, either 5 mm thick angles with DB12 hook bars or 10 mm angles with DB25 hook bars, were suggested. The final non-linear FEA model was reliable for comparative studies to FDPC push-off with different confinement configurations.","PeriodicalId":8097,"journal":{"name":"Applied Science and Engineering Progress","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49138677","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-23DOI: 10.14416/j.asep.2023.06.002
Aprilio Muhammad Fulesa, Y. Setiyorini, F. Abdul, S. Pintowantoro
The demand for nickel manganese cobalt (NMC)-type batteries is increasing along with the need for global electric vehicles, such as electric cars. Nickel used in the manufacture of NMC batteries is Nickel (II) sulfate hexahydrate (NiSO4.6H2O). Therefore, it is necessary to study how to synthesize nickel sulfate powder from blast furnace ferronickel to provide an alternative source of nickel sulfate and increase the added value of blast furnace ferronickel products. This study aims to analyze the effect of variations in the time difference of stepped filtering sludge on the precipitated filtrate. This study uses a nickel source from the ferronickel derived from the sintering and smelting process using a Mini Blast Furnace to synthesize nickel sulfate. First, the ferronickel was ground and sieved to pass 50 mesh size. Then, the leaching process was performed using a mixture of 120 mL H2SO4 (2M) and 30 mL H2O2 (30%) with a stirring speed of 200 rpm for 6 h for each 2 g ferronickel. Next, the precipitation process was carried out using CaCO3 powder to pH 3.01 at 90 °C. The precipitation solution was held at 90 °C for 24 h, and stepped filtering of the precipitate formed with variations of 2, 4, 6, and 8 h (the total time is kept the same, i.e., 24 h). The crystallization results were then washed and dried at 70 °C for 2 h. Based on X-Ray Fluorescence (XRF), the best results were obtained in stepped filtering variation every 8 h with 50.23% Ni content and 90.5% Ni separation efficiency. Based on XRD, the nickel sulfate powder product has the compound NiSO4.6H2O. In addition, nickel sulfate products also contain CoSO4, one of the compounds needed to manufacture NMC batteries. However, nickel sulfate powder products still contain impurity compounds like FeSO4 and CaSO4.
{"title":"Effect of Time Stepping in the Filtering Process on the Synthesis of Nickel Sulfate Powder from Blast Furnace Ferronickel","authors":"Aprilio Muhammad Fulesa, Y. Setiyorini, F. Abdul, S. Pintowantoro","doi":"10.14416/j.asep.2023.06.002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14416/j.asep.2023.06.002","url":null,"abstract":"The demand for nickel manganese cobalt (NMC)-type batteries is increasing along with the need for global electric vehicles, such as electric cars. Nickel used in the manufacture of NMC batteries is Nickel (II) sulfate hexahydrate (NiSO4.6H2O). Therefore, it is necessary to study how to synthesize nickel sulfate powder from blast furnace ferronickel to provide an alternative source of nickel sulfate and increase the added value of blast furnace ferronickel products. This study aims to analyze the effect of variations in the time difference of stepped filtering sludge on the precipitated filtrate. This study uses a nickel source from the ferronickel derived from the sintering and smelting process using a Mini Blast Furnace to synthesize nickel sulfate. First, the ferronickel was ground and sieved to pass 50 mesh size. Then, the leaching process was performed using a mixture of 120 mL H2SO4 (2M) and 30 mL H2O2 (30%) with a stirring speed of 200 rpm for 6 h for each 2 g ferronickel. Next, the precipitation process was carried out using CaCO3 powder to pH 3.01 at 90 °C. The precipitation solution was held at 90 °C for 24 h, and stepped filtering of the precipitate formed with variations of 2, 4, 6, and 8 h (the total time is kept the same, i.e., 24 h). The crystallization results were then washed and dried at 70 °C for 2 h. Based on X-Ray Fluorescence (XRF), the best results were obtained in stepped filtering variation every 8 h with 50.23% Ni content and 90.5% Ni separation efficiency. Based on XRD, the nickel sulfate powder product has the compound NiSO4.6H2O. In addition, nickel sulfate products also contain CoSO4, one of the compounds needed to manufacture NMC batteries. However, nickel sulfate powder products still contain impurity compounds like FeSO4 and CaSO4.","PeriodicalId":8097,"journal":{"name":"Applied Science and Engineering Progress","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45084916","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-09DOI: 10.14416/j.asep.2023.06.001
C. Chananet, Y. Areepong, S. Sukparungsee
This research purpose is to create a moving average control chart for detecting a change in process variations with a range so-called MA-R chart and to compare the performance of the MA-R chart with the R, S, and MA-S control charts for detecting variation changes. The purposed control chart is an effective alternative to the R control chart using the moving average based on the sample range. The coefficients for the control limit of MA-R varying the sample sizes (m) and the width for moving average calculation (w) are presented. Comparison and application to real data show that the MA-R control chart is more effective at detecting variations at all levels than the R and S control charts. Furthermore, when the magnitude of the variation is small, the MA-R chart becomes more effective as w increases.
{"title":"On Designing a Moving Average-Range Control Chart for Enhancing a Process Variation Detection","authors":"C. Chananet, Y. Areepong, S. Sukparungsee","doi":"10.14416/j.asep.2023.06.001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14416/j.asep.2023.06.001","url":null,"abstract":"This research purpose is to create a moving average control chart for detecting a change in process variations with a range so-called MA-R chart and to compare the performance of the MA-R chart with the R, S, and MA-S control charts for detecting variation changes. The purposed control chart is an effective alternative to the R control chart using the moving average based on the sample range. The coefficients for the control limit of MA-R varying the sample sizes (m) and the width for moving average calculation (w) are presented. Comparison and application to real data show that the MA-R control chart is more effective at detecting variations at all levels than the R and S control charts. Furthermore, when the magnitude of the variation is small, the MA-R chart becomes more effective as w increases.","PeriodicalId":8097,"journal":{"name":"Applied Science and Engineering Progress","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41469396","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-05-24DOI: 10.14416/j.asep.2023.05.005
Imene Laaz, M. Kameche, C. Innocent
Microbial fuel cells (MFCs) are new and growing renewable energy devices. They transform chemical products into electricity with the help of microorganisms (enzymes, bacteria, microbes, etc.) acting as biocatalysts. They are nowadays displaying technological development since they concomitant simultaneously the wastewater treatment and the electric power generation. These two novelties incite researchers in the field, the utilization of this promising technology. As a matter of fact, a bioelectrochemical fuel cell has been elaborated and set up for garden compost leachate treatment. Following a previous study on the microbial anode formed from wastewater under the application of an electric potential either positive or negative by using chronoamperometry. In this work, we propose the simple method of connecting the two electrodes (anode and cathode) by electrical resistance, to flow a current. The impact of the polarizing electric load on the achievement of the MFC has therefore been studied. Moreover, the chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal for the MFC running for 7 days has been also investigated. It decreased and showed simultaneously an increase in the cell voltage. Thus, the effects of the external load on the current and power generation, as well as on pollutant removal, have been studied by modifying each time the external load. The external polarizing resistance (EPR) was increased from 1 to 10 kΩ, to assess the pollutant decay of the organic matter contained in the wastes. As a result of this, the voltage was increased, whilst the current was decreased, with increasing values of the EPR. The results have been discussed with respect to the type and the predominant microorganisms (electrogenic/fermentative) being involved during the generation of the electric current. This new technology is very promising for converting waste into electricity by offering a way to clean up the polluted environment.
{"title":"Set up of a Microbial Fuel Cell for the Treatment of a Garden Compost Leachate: Impact of the External Polarizing Electric Resistance Upon the Chemical Oxygen Demand Removal","authors":"Imene Laaz, M. Kameche, C. Innocent","doi":"10.14416/j.asep.2023.05.005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14416/j.asep.2023.05.005","url":null,"abstract":"Microbial fuel cells (MFCs) are new and growing renewable energy devices. They transform chemical products into electricity with the help of microorganisms (enzymes, bacteria, microbes, etc.) acting as biocatalysts. They are nowadays displaying technological development since they concomitant simultaneously the wastewater treatment and the electric power generation. These two novelties incite researchers in the field, the utilization of this promising technology. As a matter of fact, a bioelectrochemical fuel cell has been elaborated and set up for garden compost leachate treatment. Following a previous study on the microbial anode formed from wastewater under the application of an electric potential either positive or negative by using chronoamperometry. In this work, we propose the simple method of connecting the two electrodes (anode and cathode) by electrical resistance, to flow a current. The impact of the polarizing electric load on the achievement of the MFC has therefore been studied. Moreover, the chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal for the MFC running for 7 days has been also investigated. It decreased and showed simultaneously an increase in the cell voltage. Thus, the effects of the external load on the current and power generation, as well as on pollutant removal, have been studied by modifying each time the external load. The external polarizing resistance (EPR) was increased from 1 to 10 kΩ, to assess the pollutant decay of the organic matter contained in the wastes. As a result of this, the voltage was increased, whilst the current was decreased, with increasing values of the EPR. The results have been discussed with respect to the type and the predominant microorganisms (electrogenic/fermentative) being involved during the generation of the electric current. This new technology is very promising for converting waste into electricity by offering a way to clean up the polluted environment.","PeriodicalId":8097,"journal":{"name":"Applied Science and Engineering Progress","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46157094","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-05-08DOI: 10.14416/j.asep.2023.05.003
J. Srimuk, S. Chirarattananon, P. Chaiwiwatworakul, A. Nathakaranakule, P. Rakkwamsuk, S. Chiarakorn
Thermal environment in buildings in hot climate is conditioned for comfort by air-conditioning that is energy intensive. Presently, most air-conditioning systems in Thailand and other countries in Southeast Asia use electricity-driven vapor compression systems to cool down the air to the set-point temperature. However, latent load due to condensation of air humidity forms a large part of the air-conditioning load. This paper presents the results of experiments on a dehumidifier constructed from a water-to-air heat exchanger coated with a composite desiccant of large-pore mesoporous silica gel and LiCl, regenerated by low-temperature hot water. Moisture removal capacity (MRC), dehumidification capacity (DC), thermal coefficient of performance (COPth), and an equivalent air conditioning load of dehumidification (EALD) are comparative quantitative parameters derived from experimental results and are studied in this research. The composite desiccant requires low-temperature water for regeneration and offers a higher rate of vapor adsorption and desorption that leads to a shorter required desiccant dehumidification cycle time. The results demonstrate that the dehumidifier is able to effectively reduce moisture in ventilation air and substantially reduces the cooling load of air-conditioning.
{"title":"Experimental Investigation on the Performance of a Dehumidifier Constructed from a Water-to-Air Heat Exchanger Coated with Composite Desiccant of Mesoporous Silica Gel and LiCl","authors":"J. Srimuk, S. Chirarattananon, P. Chaiwiwatworakul, A. Nathakaranakule, P. Rakkwamsuk, S. Chiarakorn","doi":"10.14416/j.asep.2023.05.003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14416/j.asep.2023.05.003","url":null,"abstract":"Thermal environment in buildings in hot climate is conditioned for comfort by air-conditioning that is energy intensive. Presently, most air-conditioning systems in Thailand and other countries in Southeast Asia use electricity-driven vapor compression systems to cool down the air to the set-point temperature. However, latent load due to condensation of air humidity forms a large part of the air-conditioning load. This paper presents the results of experiments on a dehumidifier constructed from a water-to-air heat exchanger coated with a composite desiccant of large-pore mesoporous silica gel and LiCl, regenerated by low-temperature hot water. Moisture removal capacity (MRC), dehumidification capacity (DC), thermal coefficient of performance (COPth), and an equivalent air conditioning load of dehumidification (EALD) are comparative quantitative parameters derived from experimental results and are studied in this research. The composite desiccant requires low-temperature water for regeneration and offers a higher rate of vapor adsorption and desorption that leads to a shorter required desiccant dehumidification cycle time. The results demonstrate that the dehumidifier is able to effectively reduce moisture in ventilation air and substantially reduces the cooling load of air-conditioning.","PeriodicalId":8097,"journal":{"name":"Applied Science and Engineering Progress","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42471327","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
京公网安备 11010802042870号
京ICP备2023020795号-1
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：