Applied Soil Ecology最新文献_第7页

Impact of cover cropping on root lesion nematodes (Pratylenchus spp.) and nematode communities in Narcissus fields 封种对水仙田根损线虫及线虫群落的影响

IF 5 2区农林科学 Q1 SOIL SCIENCE

Applied Soil Ecology

Pub Date : 2026-01-05 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsoil.2025.106779

Vongai Chekanai , Roy Neilson , David Roberts , Simon G. Edwards , Matthew A. Back

Cover crops offer numerous benefits to the soil, including pest, pathogen suppression and enhanced fertility. Focussing on fields used for Narcissus production as a model, the potential of different cover crop treatments to suppress plant-parasitic nematodes while safeguarding beneficial nematode communities was evaluated. The root lesion nematode species, Pratylenchus penetrans, is known to significantly reduce Narcissus yields, a challenge further exacerbated by limited chemical control options and restricted land availability to deploy effective crop rotation. French marigold, oilseed radish, Phacelia, Japanese oats, alfalfa, and forage chicory were evaluated in two experiments under greenhouse conditions to assess their suitability as hosts for P. penetrans based on the nematode reproduction factor (Rf). Phacelia and Japanese oat were rated as maintenance hosts (1 < Rf < 2) while the remaining cover crops were identified as poor hosts (0.15 < Rf < 1). Thereafter, three field experiments assessed the effects of the same cover crop treatments, plus Indian mustard, on the abundance of Pratylenchus, Aphelenchus, Aphelenchoides spp., and bacterivore nematodes. Sampling occurred before sowing of the cover crop, three months after sowing and six weeks post-incorporation of the mature cover crop. Four of the tested cover crops (French marigold, oilseed radish, forage chicory and alfalfa) significantly reduced the abundance of Pratylenchus spp., by 53–75 % across all three experiments. Phacelia and Japanese oats had no effect, while Indian mustard increased the abundance of Pratylenchus spp., by 113–319 % across all experiments. Oilseed radish and Indian mustard increased the abundance of bacterivore nematodes, with oilseed radish showing the greatest increase of 335 %. Using 18S rRNA amplicon sequencing, cover crops showed no adverse effects on alpha and beta nematode diversity, while cover crop incorporation resulted in higher enrichment and lower structure indices. These findings strongly suggest that French marigold, oilseed radish, forage chicory, and alfalfa are potential options for managing Pratylenchus spp. without adverse effects on non-target beneficial soil nematode communities. Understanding cover crop–nematode interactions can expand their use beyond current production systems. This study offers a first step towards selecting cover crops that maintain/promote beneficial nematodes, support soil health restoration, and suppress Pratylenchus spp. in crops that form a typical UK arable rotation.

覆盖作物对土壤有许多好处，包括抑制害虫、病原体和提高肥力。以水仙田为例，评价了不同覆盖作物处理在抑制植物寄生线虫的同时保护有益线虫群落的潜力。众所周知，根损线虫（Pratylenchus penetrans）会显著降低水仙的产量，而有限的化学防治选择和限制有效轮作的土地可用性进一步加剧了这一挑战。以线虫繁殖因子（Rf）为指标，在温室条件下对法国万寿菊、油籽萝卜、白仙花、日本燕麦、紫花苜蓿和菊苣进行了适宜性评价。长穗草和日本燕麦被定为维持寄主（1 < Rf < 2），其余覆盖作物被定为不良寄主（0.15 < Rf < 1）。此后，进行了三次田间试验，评估了同样的覆盖作物处理加上印度芥菜对拟叶蝉属、拟叶蝉属、拟叶蝉属和细菌线虫丰度的影响。取样分别在覆盖作物播种前、播种后3个月和种植成熟覆盖作物后6周进行。四种被测试的覆盖作物（法国万金菊、油籽萝卜、菊苣和苜蓿）显著减少了Pratylenchus spp.的丰度，在所有三个实验中减少了53 - 75%。长穗草和日本燕麦没有影响，而印度芥菜增加了Pratylenchus spp.的丰度，在所有实验中增加了113 - 319%。油菜籽萝卜和芥菜增加了细菌线虫的丰度，其中油菜籽萝卜增幅最大，达335%。18S rRNA扩增子测序结果显示，覆盖作物对α和β线虫的多样性没有不利影响，而覆盖作物导致α和β线虫的丰度较高，结构指数较低。这些结果强烈表明，法国万寿菊、油籽萝卜、菊苣和紫花苜蓿是潜在的选择，并且不会对非目标有益土壤线虫群落产生不利影响。了解覆盖作物与线虫的相互作用可以扩大它们在当前生产系统之外的应用。这项研究为选择覆盖作物提供了第一步，这些作物可以维持/促进有益线虫的生长，支持土壤健康恢复，并在形成典型的英国耕地轮作的作物中抑制Pratylenchus。

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引用次数: 0

Integrated plant-soil-microbiome responses mediate greenhouse gas emissions in the restoration of a semiarid steppe 半干旱草原恢复过程中植物-土壤-微生物群落的综合响应调节温室气体排放

IF 5 2区农林科学 Q1 SOIL SCIENCE

Applied Soil Ecology

Pub Date : 2026-01-05 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsoil.2025.106743

Zhen Wang , Xiaojiang Yang , Paul C. Struik , Muhammad Nadeem Ashraf , Carmeron N. Carlyle , Scott X. Chang , Yuanheng Li , Wenbo Zhang , Riliga Wu , Baoming Ji , Ke Jin

Restoring natural grasslands alters the soil microbiome and biogeochemical processes, particularly carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) cycling. One of the primary ways to restore degraded grasslands is to restrict grazing for a period so that the ecosystem can recover. We examined the relationship between changes in soil microbiome composition and function with greenhouse gas emissions and soil properties during the restoration of a semiarid steppe in China. Grazing exclusion for 15 years increased CO₂ and N₂O emissions and CH₄ uptake compared with those for 6 or 37 years. A 15- and 37-year grazing exclusion led to higher soil organic carbon levels, which correlated with increased bacterial populations and genes associated with the decomposition of carbon-rich substrates and elevated CO₂ emissions. After 15 years of grazing exclusion, the abundance of methanotrophic microbes was higher, and the abundance of methanogenic microbes was lower, increasing CH₄ uptake compared to continuous grazing (the control). Compared to the control (continuous grazing), 15 years of grazing exclusion resulted in elevated methanotrophic populations, depressed methanogenic populations, and consequently, enhanced CH₄ uptake. Emissions of N₂O increased with following increases in denitrification genes norB. Structural equation modeling revealed that grazing exclusion's effects on CO₂, N₂O, and CH₄ fluxes were mediated by changes in plant community characteristics, soil fertility, and soil microbiomes. Further research on the microbial drivers of recovery could lead to improved management practices and ecosystem restoration and resilience.

恢复天然草地会改变土壤微生物组和生物地球化学过程，特别是碳(C)和氮(N)循环。恢复退化草原的主要方法之一是在一段时间内限制放牧，使生态系统得以恢复。研究了中国半干旱草原恢复过程中土壤微生物组组成和功能变化与温室气体排放和土壤性质的关系。与不放牧6年和37年相比，不放牧15年增加了CO2和N2O的排放和CH4的吸收。15年和37年不放牧导致土壤有机碳水平升高，这与细菌种群和与富碳基质分解相关的基因增加以及二氧化碳排放增加有关。15年不放牧后，甲烷营养微生物丰度较高，产甲烷微生物丰度较低，与连续放牧相比，CH4吸收量增加。与对照（连续放牧）相比，15年不放牧导致甲烷营养种群增加，产甲烷种群减少，从而增加了CH4的吸收。N2O排放量随着反硝化基因norB的增加而增加。结构方程模型表明，放牧对CO2、N2O和CH4通量的影响是由植物群落特征、土壤肥力和土壤微生物组的变化介导的。对恢复的微生物驱动因素的进一步研究可以改善管理措施和生态系统的恢复和恢复能力。

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引用次数: 0

Land use and management intensity shape nitrogen cycling and microbial functions, driving environmental impacts in French urban soils 土地利用和管理强度塑造氮循环和微生物功能，推动法国城市土壤的环境影响

IF 5 2区农林科学 Q1 SOIL SCIENCE

Applied Soil Ecology

Pub Date : 2026-01-05 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsoil.2025.106751

Fadwa Khalfallah , Jennifer Harris , Sebastien Bonthoux , Amélie A.M. Cantarel , Jean-Christophe Clement , Arnaud Foulquier , Catherine Joulian , Xavier Le Roux , Agnès Richaume , Nicolas Legay

Urbanization profoundly alters soil through changes in land use and management intensity, affecting both soil functions and microbial communities. These shifts can degrade soil fertility and disrupt ecosystem processes. This study investigates how different public urban land uses —including showcase gardens, parks, tree-covered areas, roadsides, residential zones, sports fields and unused areas—influence nitrogen dynamics and microbial functions. We used a multifaceted approach combining biogeochemical measurements (NH₄⁺, NO₃⁻, total N), functional assays (potential mineralization, potential nitrification, potential denitrification), and molecular techniques (functional gene abundances and bacterial community profiling using Illumina MiSeq).

Results showed that land use significantly influenced nitrogen cycle processes. Showcase garden areas were characterized by elevated nitrate levels, driven by fertilization and higher nitrification activity, whereas denitrification and related gene abundances were higher in parks and roadside soils. Structural equation modeling (SEM) revealed that soil organic carbon was a major driver of denitrification in most of the land uses, and pH positively influenced the abundance of ammonia-oxidizing archaea (AOA), whereas soil water retention, often reduced in compacted soils, was negatively correlated with most nitrogen variables.

In terms of bacterial communities, this study revealed that bacterial functions linked to the nitrogen cycle varied according to land use. Lightly managed areas harboured more nitrogen-fixing bacteria, while intensely managed areas showed a predominance of bacteria involved in nitrification. Furthermore, the absence of any significant correlation between the multiple stages of the nitrogen cycle (mineralization, nitrification, denitrification) in intensively managed areas suggested a breakdown in nitrogen cycling, probably linked to excessive aeration, tillage and low organic matter accumulation or to differences in organic matter decomposition and stability.

These findings highlight the sensitivity of nitrogen cycling to urban land management. Crucially, the role of organic matter dynamics in this context requires deeper investigation.

城市化通过土地利用和管理强度的变化深刻地改变了土壤，影响了土壤功能和微生物群落。这些变化会降低土壤肥力，破坏生态系统过程。本研究调查了不同的城市公共土地用途——包括展示花园、公园、树木覆盖区域、路边、住宅区、运动场和未使用区域——如何影响氮动力学和微生物功能。我们使用了多方面的方法，结合生物地球化学测量（NH₄+,NO₃−，总N），功能分析（潜在的矿化，潜在的硝化作用，潜在的反硝化作用）和分子技术（使用Illumina MiSeq的功能基因丰度和细菌群落分析）。结果表明，土地利用对氮循环过程有显著影响。展示园地土壤中硝酸盐含量较高，主要受施肥和硝化作用的影响，而公园和路边土壤的反硝化作用和相关基因丰度较高。结构方程模型（SEM）表明，土壤有机碳是大多数土地利用中反硝化的主要驱动因素，pH值正影响氨氧化古菌（AOA）的丰度，而土壤保水率与大多数氮变量呈负相关，在压实土壤中往往降低。在细菌群落方面，本研究揭示了与氮循环相关的细菌功能因土地利用而异。管理较轻的地区固氮细菌较多，而管理较强的地区硝化细菌占优势。此外，在集约化管理地区，氮循环的多个阶段（矿化、硝化、反硝化）之间没有任何显著的相关性，这表明氮循环的破坏，可能与过度通气、耕作和低有机质积累有关，或者与有机质分解和稳定性的差异有关。这些发现突出了氮循环对城市土地管理的敏感性。至关重要的是，在这种情况下，有机物动力学的作用需要更深入的研究。

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引用次数: 0

Vertical migration of tetracycline resistance genes in plough layer soil as influenced by soil type, nutrient content, heavy metals, and rainfall 四环素抗性基因在耕层土壤中的垂直迁移受土壤类型、养分含量、重金属和降雨的影响

IF 5 2区农林科学 Q1 SOIL SCIENCE

Applied Soil Ecology

Pub Date : 2026-01-02 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsoil.2025.106773

Baoyu Wang , Fangyu Hu , Jing An , Jinhao Dong , Hewei Song , Youran Li

The prevalence of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) in agricultural soils and their associated environmental risks have raised increasing concern. However, the vertical migration characteristics of ARGs through soil profiles and the key factors influencing the migration process remain poorly understood. In this study, tetracycline resistance genes (TRGs), the most prevalent ARGs detected in agricultural soils, were selected to investigate their vertical migration within the plough layer influenced by soil type, nutrient content, heavy metals, and rainfall, using saturated soil column experiments combined with real-time qPCR. Results showed that the total abundance of TRGs in brown soils was significantly higher than that in black soils. However, the abundance of ARGs was more likely to decrease with increasing soil depth in black soil. Moreover, the abundance of TRGs decreased significantly with increasing organic carbon and inorganic nitrogen, while increasing with Cu and Cd concentrations in both the 0–5 cm and 20–25 cm soil layers. Besides soil factors, increased rainfall intensity can restrict the migration of ARGs, thereby reducing their abundance in deeper soil layers. Correlation analysis revealed that TRGs were significantly positively correlated with mobile genetic elements such as tnpA-05, tnpA-04, and intI-1 (clinic). Structural equation modeling indicated that soil type and leaching amount were primary factors influencing the vertical migration of TRGs. These findings provide novel insights into the vertical migration of ARGs in response to key soil factors and establish a data foundation for comprehensive assessment of their ecological risks in agricultural systems.

农业土壤中抗生素耐药基因（ARGs）的流行及其相关的环境风险日益引起人们的关注。然而，ARGs通过土壤剖面的垂直迁移特征和影响迁移过程的关键因素尚不清楚。本研究以农业土壤中检测到的最常见的四环素抗性基因（TRGs）为研究对象，采用饱和土柱实验结合实时定量pcr技术，研究了其在耕层内的垂直迁移受土壤类型、养分含量、重金属含量和降雨的影响。结果表明，棕壤TRGs总丰度显著高于黑土。黑土中ARGs的丰度随土层深度的增加而降低。在0-5 cm和20-25 cm土层，TRGs丰度随有机碳和无机氮浓度的增加而显著降低，随Cu和Cd浓度的增加而增加。除土壤因素外，降雨强度的增加也会限制ARGs的迁移，从而降低其在深层土壤中的丰度。相关性分析显示，TRGs与tnpA-05、tnpA-04、intI-1等移动遗传因子呈显著正相关（临床）。结构方程模型分析表明，土壤类型和淋滤量是影响土壤有机质垂直迁移的主要因素。这些研究结果为研究ARGs垂直迁移对关键土壤因子的响应提供了新的见解，并为综合评估其在农业系统中的生态风险奠定了数据基础。

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引用次数: 0

Pharmaceutical-contaminated water irrigation impacts the human pathobiome of soil and alters aphid-endosymbiont dynamics 受药物污染的灌溉用水会影响人类土壤的病原菌群，并改变蚜虫-内共生动力学

IF 5 2区农林科学 Q1 SOIL SCIENCE

Applied Soil Ecology

Pub Date : 2026-01-02 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsoil.2025.106769

Monica Brienza , Raffaella Sabatino , Roberto Rosamilia , Giulia Borgomaneiro , Oussama Baaloudj , Andrea Di Cesare , Donatella Battaglia , Paolo Fanti , Vincenzo Trotta

The use of reclaimed water for agricultural irrigation presents a sustainable strategy to address water scarcity, yet it may introduce residual pharmaceuticals that persist despite treatment. This study investigates the ecological impacts of irrigation with pharmaceutical-contaminated water on plants, soil microbial communities, aphid life history traits, and aphid-associated bacterial symbionts within the Cucurbita pepo - Aphis gossypii model system. Plants were irrigated with water spiked with some of the most common antibiotics found in wastewater, including clarithromycin, trimethoprim, clindamycin, sulfamethoxazole, azithromycin, and ofloxacin, as well as the pharmaceuticals venlafaxine and metoprolol. While overall soil microbial diversity remained unchanged, potentially pathogenic bacteria, such as Afipia, Methylobacterium, Paracoccus, and Saccharopolyspora, exhibited increased abundance, raising concerns about potential human health risks. However, no significant changes were detected in class 1 integron (a proxy of antibiotic resistance) abundance, suggesting that the concentrations used in this study did not exert sufficient selective pressure. Plant traits, aphid survival and fecundity were unaffected by chemical exposure, yet a reduction in endosymbiont abundance was observed, indicating potential long-term ecological consequences for aphid populations. These findings highlight the need for further research on the long-term effects of pharmaceutical contamination in agroecosystems, particularly regarding its implications for biodiversity, soil health, and human safety.

利用再生水进行农业灌溉是解决水资源短缺问题的一种可持续战略，但它可能会引入残留的药物，尽管经过治疗仍然存在。研究了药物污染水灌溉对葫芦-棉蚜模式系统植物、土壤微生物群落、蚜虫生活史性状和蚜虫相关细菌共生体的生态影响。植物灌溉用水中掺入了废水中最常见的一些抗生素，包括克拉霉素、甲氧苄啶、克林霉素、磺胺甲恶唑、阿奇霉素和氧氟沙星，以及文拉法辛和美托洛尔。虽然总体土壤微生物多样性保持不变，但潜在致病性细菌，如阿皮亚菌、甲基杆菌、副球菌和糖多孢子菌的丰度增加，引起了对潜在人类健康风险的担忧。然而，在1类整合子（抗生素耐药性的代表）丰度中未检测到显著变化，这表明本研究中使用的浓度没有施加足够的选择压力。植物性状、蚜虫存活率和繁殖力不受化学物质暴露的影响，但观察到内共生体丰度的减少，这表明对蚜虫种群可能产生长期的生态后果。这些发现突出表明，需要进一步研究药物污染对农业生态系统的长期影响，特别是其对生物多样性、土壤健康和人类安全的影响。

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引用次数: 0

Long-term no-tillage altered microbial communities and reduced C degradation while facilitating denitrification in a semi-arid cropland 长期免耕改变了半干旱农田的微生物群落，减少了碳的降解，同时促进了反硝化作用

IF 5 2区农林科学 Q1 SOIL SCIENCE

Applied Soil Ecology

Pub Date : 2026-01-02 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsoil.2025.106766

Yuzheng Zong , Weifeng Wang , Wanhong Jin , Yinglan Chen , Shaohui Jia , Qian Liu , Yali Cao , Dongsheng Zhang , Xinrui Shi , Xingyu Hao , Ping Li

Sustainable residue management is crucial for enhancing soil carbon sequestration in agroecosystems, yet the microbial mechanisms governing coupled carbon and nitrogen cycling under different tillage regimes in semiarid regions remain inadequately understood. Through a 29-year field experiment (1992–2021) on China's Loess Plateau, we compared no-tillage (NT) with surface residue retention against conventional tillage (CT) with residue incorporation in a rain-fed wheat system. We combined soil chemical analyses with shotgun metagenomics to characterize soil properties and microbial functional potentials. The study demonstrated that long-term NT significantly increased topsoil (0–20 cm) organic C and total N by 29.7 % and 18.5 %, respectively, relative to CT (average of 2020–2021). Metagenomic analysis revealed that NT reshaped the soil microbiome, enriching Proteobacteria (7.1 %–13.3 %) and Acidobacteria (9.7 %–42.7 %), while suppressing genes involved in carbon fixation (−18.1 % on average) and the decomposition of complex plant polymers (−7.5 % on average). Concurrently, NT enhanced the genetic potential for denitrification (narG, +25.4 %; napB, +20.3 %) while maintaining higher nitrate levels. Partial least squares path modeling confirmed that the restructured microbial community under NT directly suppressed carbon fixation (−0.65, P < 0.01) and carbon degradation (−0.92, P < 0.01) pathways. In summary, long-term no-tillage in semiarid croplands fosters a distinct soil-microbe system. This system enhances carbon stabilization but also drives a nitrogen cycle characterized by elevated nitrate levels and high denitrification potential. Consequently, it raises the risks of nitrate leaching and nitrous oxide emissions, a trade-off that requires coordinated nitrogen management.

可持续残留物管理对加强农业生态系统中土壤固碳至关重要，但半干旱区不同耕作制度下控制碳氮耦合循环的微生物机制尚不清楚。通过在中国黄土高原进行的为期29年的田间试验（1992-2021），我们比较了免耕（NT）和常规耕作（CT）在雨养小麦系统中的表面残留残留。我们将土壤化学分析与霰弹枪宏基因组学相结合来表征土壤特性和微生物功能潜力。研究表明，长期NT处理显著提高表层土壤（0 ~ 20 cm）有机碳和全氮含量（2020 ~ 2021年平均值），分别比CT处理提高29.7%和18.5%。宏基因组分析显示，NT重塑了土壤微生物群，丰富了变形菌门（7.1% - 13.3%）和酸杆菌门（9.7% - 42.7%），同时抑制了参与碳固定（平均−18.1%）和复杂植物聚合物分解（平均−7.5%）的基因。同时，NT增强了反硝化的遗传潜力（narG, + 25.4%; napB, + 20.3%），同时保持了较高的硝酸盐水平。偏最小二乘路径模型证实，NT条件下重组的微生物群落直接抑制了碳固定（- 0.65,P < 0.01）和碳降解（- 0.92,P < 0.01）途径。总之，半干旱农田长期免耕培育了一个独特的土壤微生物系统。该系统增强了碳稳定性，但也驱动了氮循环，其特征是硝酸盐水平升高和高反硝化潜力。因此，它增加了硝酸盐浸出和一氧化二氮排放的风险，这需要协调的氮管理。

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引用次数: 0

Metagenomic insights into the influence of soil habitat on rhizosphere microbial function and element cycling in ephemeral plants 土壤生境对短命植物根际微生物功能和元素循环影响的宏基因组研究

IF 5 2区农林科学 Q1 SOIL SCIENCE

Applied Soil Ecology

Pub Date : 2026-01-02 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsoil.2025.106700

Mengwen Peng , Meng Jiang , Cheng Wang , Zhen'an Yang , Hao He

To evaluate the microbial functions of ephemeral plants and their role in nutrient cycling across different habitats, metagenomic sequencing was employed to analyse the functions of rhizosphere microorganisms and the abundance of carbon (C), nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) cycling genes in Malcolmia scorpioides and Isatis violascens grown in two soil types: aeolian soil (AS) and grey desert soil (GS). The relationship between these functions and soil factors was also explored. The alignment of metagenomic data with the NR database indicated that bacteria accounted for a large proportion of the microbial community and played a dominant role. Different soil habitats influenced their abundance and community composition. Functional annotation based on the CAZy database revealed that genes associated with glycosyltransferases (GTs) and glycoside hydrolases (GHs) were relatively abundant, followed by those related to carbohydrate-binding modules (CBMs). GHs were the primary differential function in GS, whereas GTs and CBMs dominated in AS. Genes related to translation, ribosomal structure, energy production, signal transduction and unique metabolic pathways also varied between the two habitats. The abundance of C, N and P cycling genes differed significantly across groups. Specifically, genes involved in C fixation, such as korA, rbcL, mct and pccA, were more abundant in AS, whereas those associated with N cycling were more prevalent in GS. Additionally, organic P mineralisation genes were more abundant in AS. Soil factors showed the strongest correlation with N cycle genes, followed by C cycle genes, and had a weaker association with P cycle genes. Partial least squares path modelling indicated that available nutrients positively influenced the expression of functional genes, particularly those related to the C and N cycles. This study highlights the influence of soil habitat on the composition and function of rhizosphere microorganisms and the dynamics of C, N and P cycling genes, driven by the physicochemical properties of the soil.

为评价短命植物的微生物功能及其在不同生境养分循环中的作用，采用宏基因组测序方法，对风沙土（AS）和灰荒漠土（GS）两种土壤类型下的锦葵（Malcolmia scorpioides）和堇菜（Isatis violascens）根际微生物功能和碳(C)、氮(N)、磷(P)循环基因丰度进行了分析。探讨了这些功能与土壤因子的关系。宏基因组数据与NR数据库比对表明，细菌在微生物群落中占很大比例，并发挥主导作用。不同的土壤生境影响了它们的丰度和群落组成。基于CAZy数据库的功能注释显示，与糖基转移酶（GTs）和糖苷水解酶（GHs）相关的基因相对丰富，其次是与碳水化合物结合模块（CBMs）相关的基因。GHs是GS的主要差异功能，而GTs和CBMs在AS中占主导地位。与翻译、核糖体结构、能量产生、信号转导和独特代谢途径相关的基因在两种栖息地之间也存在差异。C、N、P循环基因丰度在各组间差异显著。具体来说，与碳固定有关的基因，如korA、rbcL、mct和pccA，在as中更为丰富，而与N循环相关的基因在GS中更为普遍。此外，有机磷矿化基因在AS中更为丰富。土壤因子与N循环基因的相关性最强，其次是C循环基因，与P循环基因的相关性较弱。偏最小二乘路径模型表明，可用营养物质对功能基因的表达有积极影响，特别是与碳和氮循环相关的基因。本研究强调了土壤生境在土壤理化性质驱动下对根际微生物组成和功能以及C、N、P循环基因动态的影响。

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引用次数: 0

How is the carbon use efficiency of microbial communities distributed within the soil pore network 微生物群落的碳利用效率在土壤孔隙网络中的分布情况如何

IF 5 2区农林科学 Q1 SOIL SCIENCE

Applied Soil Ecology

Pub Date : 2026-01-02 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsoil.2025.106771

Maëlle Maestrali , Xavier Raynaud , Haotian Wu , Steffen A. Schweizer , Ines Guillot , Thomas Lerch , Stéphane Paolillo , Naoise Nunan

Soils play a key role in mitigating global warming due to their capacity to sequester CO₂, a process likely impacted by the efficiency with which microbial communities transform organic matter into biomass. The activity of microbes is affected by the conditions they find themselves in (moisture, oxygen, etc.). Soils are characterized by a network of pores of different sizes, which create a variety of microenvironments that can influence resource availability, microbial activity and soil C dynamics. However, the influence of conditions at the pore-scale on microbial carbon use efficiency remains poorly quantified. In this study, we conducted short-term incubations using a mixture of ¹³C-labelled compounds to assess the carbon use efficiency of microbial communities residing in pores with maximum neck diameters between 15 and 30 μm and between 75 and 200 μm. The study was carried out in an agricultural soil (Eutric Cambisol) under three different management practices and a grassland (Sandy Cambisol) in order to have a range of pore structures, C contents, pH and different microbial communities. Our findings show that microbial mineralization of added substrate was higher in the large pores but that the carbon utilization efficiency was lower. The differences across pore sizes were likely due to the different constraints at the microenvironment scale (moisture, predation, available space, substrate abundance, etc.). These results suggest that microbes adopt distinct carbon processing strategies and functional roles, depending on pore size.

土壤在减缓全球变暖方面发挥着关键作用，因为它们具有封存二氧化碳的能力，这一过程可能受到微生物群落将有机物转化为生物量的效率的影响。微生物的活动受到它们所处环境（水分、氧气等）的影响。土壤的特点是由不同大小的孔隙组成的网络，这些孔隙形成了各种微环境，可以影响资源可用性、微生物活动和土壤碳动态。然而，孔隙尺度条件对微生物碳利用效率的影响仍然缺乏量化。在这项研究中，我们使用13c标记化合物的混合物进行了短期培养，以评估居住在最大颈直径在15至30 μm和75至200 μm之间的孔隙中的微生物群落的碳利用效率。研究了三种不同管理方式下的农业土壤（富营养化Cambisol）和草地（沙质Cambisol）的孔隙结构、碳含量、pH值和不同微生物群落的变化。结果表明，在大孔隙中，添加基质的微生物矿化程度较高，但碳利用效率较低。不同孔径的差异可能是由于微环境尺度上的不同限制因素（湿度、捕食、可用空间、基质丰度等）造成的。这些结果表明，微生物采用不同的碳处理策略和功能角色，取决于孔径大小。

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引用次数: 0

Toward an assessment of multiple soil taxa and their interactions in alternative and transitioning cropping systems 交替和过渡耕作制度下多土壤分类群及其相互作用的评价

IF 5 2区农林科学 Q1 SOIL SCIENCE

Applied Soil Ecology

Pub Date : 2025-12-31 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsoil.2025.106760

Juliette Chassain , Sophie Joimel , Tania De Almeida , Laure Vieublé Gonod

Developing cropping systems that promote soil biodiversity is crucial to guarantee sustainable production in the face of global changes. However, effects of alternative systems on soil organisms remain largely unknown. For two consecutive years, soil microorganisms, mesofauna and macrofauna were collected in 21 fields under conventional, organic or conservation agriculture, either long-established or transitioning, ranging in tillage intensity, pesticide treatment intensity and organic inputs. Effect sizes were calculated to compare taxa density or diversity between alternative and conventional systems, and between transitioning and long-established systems. Piecewise structural equation modeling was conducted to assess relations between practices and soil trophic groups. Long-established conservation systems had positive effects on various taxa densities (Collembola, Coleoptera larvae, Gastropoda) and earthworm biomass, but negative effects on fungal richness. Recent conservation systems had positive effects on Coleoptera larvae density, earthworm density and biomass, and negative effects on fungal abundance (10–20 cm depth). Recent organic systems benefited earthworm density and biomass, and fungal diversity. Transitions from conservation to organic decreased Araneae density and influenced microbial and Collembola diversity. Conservation, and to a lesser extent organic systems, had overall positive effects on soil organism density. Tillage intensity showed the strongest negative effect on soil organisms with cascading effects through the soil food web, while organic matter inputs promoted bacteria and macrofauna detritivore densities. Mesofauna detritivores played a central role in studied soil food webs. Overall, conservation and organic agriculture benefit different taxa, and reduced tillage could offer the greatest benefits by promoting soil taxa and their interactions.

在面临全球变化的情况下，发展促进土壤生物多样性的种植制度对于保证可持续生产至关重要。然而，替代系统对土壤生物的影响在很大程度上仍然未知。连续2年对21个传统农业、有机农业和保护性农业不同耕作强度、农药处理强度和有机投入的农田土壤微生物、中、大型动物进行了采集。计算了效应大小，以比较替代系统和传统系统之间以及过渡系统和长期建立的系统之间的类群密度或多样性。采用分段结构方程模型分析了不同耕作方式与土壤营养类型之间的关系。长期建立的保护系统对蚯蚓种群密度（弹虫、鞘翅目幼虫、腹足目幼虫）和生物量有积极影响，但对真菌丰富度有消极影响。最近的保护系统对鞘翅目幼虫密度、蚯蚓密度和生物量有积极影响，而对真菌丰度（10 ~ 20 cm深度）有消极影响。最近的有机系统有利于蚯蚓的密度和生物量，以及真菌的多样性。从保护到有机的转变降低了蜘蛛的密度，并影响了微生物和弹虫的多样性。保护措施，以及在较小程度上的有机系统，对土壤生物密度有总体的积极影响。耕作强度对土壤生物的负面影响最大，并通过土壤食物网产生级联效应，而有机质的投入促进了细菌和大型动物的营养物质密度。在研究的土壤食物网中，中动物群的营养动物起着核心作用。总体而言，保护性和有机农业对不同的分类群都有好处，减少耕作可以通过促进土壤分类群及其相互作用来提供最大的好处。

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引用次数: 0

Continuous biochar application ameliorates saline-alkali soils: Effects on soil multifunctionality, salt redistribution, microbial dynamics, and cotton productivity over two years 连续施用生物炭改善盐碱地：对土壤多功能性、盐分再分配、微生物动态和棉花产量的影响

IF 5 2区农林科学 Q1 SOIL SCIENCE

Applied Soil Ecology

Pub Date : 2025-12-31 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsoil.2025.106753

Xiangling Wang , Xiaoyang Xia , Muhammad Riaz , Jiyuan Wang , Cuncang Jiang

Biochar presents a promising strategy for ameliorating saline-alkali soils, yet its long-term effects on soil multifunctionality and remediation mechanisms remain underexplored. This two-year pot study assessed the effects of continuous biochar application (0 %, 1 %, and 2 % w/w) on soil properties, enzyme activities, microbial communities, and cotton growth in a saline-alkali soil. The 2 % biochar treatment most effectively enhanced soil multifunctionality, driven by substantial increases in extracellular enzyme activity by 15.00 %–32.79 % and carbon-cycle enzymes. Biochar amendment elevated soil organic matter by 40.04 %–62.35 % while reducing pH and electrical conductivity (EC) in shallow soil (0–15 cm). Concurrently, salts were redistributed vertically, with increased EC in deeper soil (16–30 cm) and pronounced decreased in soluble Na⁺, Cl⁻, and HCO₃⁻ in the root zone. Microbial communities shifted toward beneficial taxa such as Proteobacteria, Pseudomonadaceae, and Rhizobiales, along with enhanced α-diversity and stronger interspecies interactions-changes driven primarily by soil enzyme stoichiometry and salt ion dynamics. These improvements resulted in a substantial increase in cotton biomass under biochar amendment, especially in the second year. Our findings highlight that sustained biochar application over two years effectively alleviates surface salinity, enhances nutrient cycling, and promotes a resilient soil microbiome, supporting its use as a sustainable strategy for reclaiming saline-alkali soils in arid agroecosystems.

生物炭是一种很有前途的盐碱地改良策略，但其对土壤多功能性的长期影响和修复机制仍有待进一步研究。这项为期两年的盆栽研究评估了连续施用生物炭（0%、1%和2% w/w）对盐碱地土壤性质、酶活性、微生物群落和棉花生长的影响。2%的生物炭处理最有效地增强了土壤的多功能性，细胞外酶活性和碳循环酶活性大幅增加了15.00% - 32.79%。生物炭处理可使土壤有机质提高40.04% ~ 62.35%，降低0 ~ 15 cm浅层土壤pH值和电导率。同时，土壤盐分呈垂直再分布趋势，深层土壤（16 ~ 30 cm） EC增加，根区可溶性Na+、Cl−和HCO3−明显减少。随着α-多样性的增强和种间相互作用的增强，微生物群落向有益的类群（如变形菌门、假单胞菌科和根瘤菌门）转移，这种变化主要是由土壤酶化学计量学和盐离子动力学驱动的。这些改进导致了生物炭改性下棉花生物量的大幅增加，特别是在第二年。我们的研究结果强调，持续施用两年以上的生物炭可有效缓解地表盐度，增强养分循环，促进土壤微生物群的弹性，支持将其作为干旱农业生态系统中盐碱土壤复垦的可持续战略。

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引用次数: 0