Aquaculture Reports最新文献

{"title":"The effects of cholesterol supplementation in full-plant protein diets derived from different lipid sources on liver and intestinal health, bile acid metabolism in largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides)","authors":"Wanjie Cai ,&nbsp;Meiyu Wang ,&nbsp;Tianyu Feng ,&nbsp;Yanjian Jin ,&nbsp;Zhiyong Dong ,&nbsp;Bo Shi ,&nbsp;Yuexing Zhang ,&nbsp;Liying Huang","doi":"10.1016/j.aqrep.2025.103340","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aqrep.2025.103340","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Cholesterol plays an important role in the physiological metabolism of farmed animals. However, the cholesterol content in plant protein feeds does not meet the requirements of farmed animals. This study aimed to investigate the effects of dietary cholesterol supplementation on liver and intestinal health, cholesterol and bile acid metabolism in largemouth bass (<em>Micropterus salmoides</em>) fed full-plant protein diets using fish oil (FO) or soybean oil (SO) as lipid sources. Five diets were formulated: a FM-based control diet (FFM), two full-plant protein diets with FO and SO as lipid sources (PFO, PSO), and two additional full-plant protein diets supplemented with 5 g kg⁻¹ exogenous cholesterol using FO or SO as lipid sources (PFC, PSC). A 50-day feeding trial was conducted. The results showed that fish fed full-plant protein diets exhibited liver inflammation. Cholesterol supplementation alleviated liver damage induced by full-plant protein diets via down-regulating pro-inflammatory -related genes (<em>tnfα</em>, <em>il1β</em>, <em>nrf2</em>, <em>keap1</em>) and oxidative stress-related genes (<em>bach1</em>, <em>prx2</em>, <em>sod</em>, <em>cat</em>). Intestinal health was compromised in fish fed full-plant protein diets, as evidenced by shortened intestinal mucosal length and width. Cholesterol supplementation improved intestinal health by up-regulating tight junction protein genes (<em>claudin5</em>, <em>claudin11</em>, <em>occludin</em>) and anti-inflammatory gene <em>tgfβ</em>, while down-regulating pro-inflammatory genes (<em>tnfα</em>, <em>il1β</em>, <em>nrf2</em>, <em>keap1</em>). Additionally, cholesterol supplementation significantly increased the contents of taurocholic acid, tauroursodeoxycholic acid, glycocholic acid in the gallbladder of fish fed FO-based diets. Further analysis revealed that cholesterol down-regulated the expression of cholesterol metabolism genes (<em>srebp1, srebp2, hmgcr1, sqleα, npc1l1, ldlr</em>), and up-regulated the expression of bile acid synthesis genes (<em>cyp8β1</em>, <em>hmgcr</em>), bile acid transport genes (<em>mrp2</em>, <em>mdr3</em>, <em>bsep</em>), and bile acid reabsorption-related genes (<em>ostα</em>, <em>ostβ</em>, <em>abst</em>). In conclusion, cholesterol supplementation in full-plant protein diets promotes liver and intestinal health and helps maintain metabolic homeostasis, thereby providing a scientific basis for enhancing plant protein utilization in aquafeeds.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8103,"journal":{"name":"Aquaculture Reports","volume":"46 ","pages":"Article 103340"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2026-01-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145972727","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Biofloc-based bacterial community forms an ecological barrier for resisting Vibrio parahaemolyticus infection in shrimp","authors":"Jing Wang ,&nbsp;Fan Gao ,&nbsp;Jiayun Yao ,&nbsp;Lei Huang ,&nbsp;Xuezhi Fu ,&nbsp;Jianfeng Tang ,&nbsp;Demin Zhang ,&nbsp;Haipeng Guo","doi":"10.1016/j.aqrep.2025.103329","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aqrep.2025.103329","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Biofloc system (BFS) is a practical method to improve shrimp health via manipulating microbial community. However, the contribution of bacterial communities regulated by BFS in enhancing disease resistance is currently unclear. Here, a cross-combination experiment was conducted using rearing water and shrimp from control and BFS to elucidate the roles of bacterial communities in resisting <em>Vibrio parahaemolyticus</em> infection. The results showed that shrimp cultured in BFS were more resistant to <em>V. parahaemolyticus</em>, and the combinations of shrimp from control (CS) with rearing water from BFS (BW), and shrimp from BFS (BS) with rearing water from control (CW) could all significantly increase the shrimp resistance to <em>V. parahaemolyticus</em>, compared to CW+CS. Following infection, the gut bacterial community in BW+CS and BW+BS groups exhibited less variation in similarity, and higher relative abundances of taxa from <em>Rhodobacteraceae</em>. SourceTracker analysis suggested that shrimp cultured with BW had a reduced contribution of <em>Vibrionaceae</em> from rearing water to the gut. Strains corresponding to four key differential OTUs were isolated from BFS to establish two synthetic communities, which offered a protection to shrimp against <em>V. parahaemolyticus</em> infection. Our study showed that bacterial communities in BFS, especially in rearing water, were important for shrimp to resist pathogen.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8103,"journal":{"name":"Aquaculture Reports","volume":"46 ","pages":"Article 103329"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2026-01-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145972735","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of dietary n-3HUFA levels on growth, antioxidant capacity, and ovarian development in Litopenaeus vannamei broodstock shrimp","authors":"Weibin Huang ,&nbsp;Biao Li ,&nbsp;Beiping Tan ,&nbsp;Digen Qin ,&nbsp;Zhiyue Li ,&nbsp;Xintong Su ,&nbsp;Yansheng Liu ,&nbsp;Shuang Zhang ,&nbsp;Shiwei Xie ,&nbsp;Xiaohui Dong","doi":"10.1016/j.aqrep.2025.103317","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aqrep.2025.103317","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The present study investigated the effects of dietary n-3 highly unsaturated fatty acids (n-3 HUFA) on the growth, antioxidant capacity, and ovarian development of female <em>Litopenaeus vannamei</em> broodstock. Five experimental diets with varying levels of n-3 HUFA (2.00 %, 2.50 %, 3.50 %, 5.00 %, and 7.00 %) were formulated and fed to female shrimp over a 10-week period. The growth performance, biochemical indices in the hepatopancreas, ovary, and serum, as well as antioxidant enzyme activities, were measured. The results indicated that moderate n-3 HUFA supplementation (3.50–5.00 %) significantly enhanced weight gain (WG), specific growth rate (SGR), and gonadosomatic index (GSI), while higher or lower levels of n-3 HUFA did not show significant improvement in these parameters. Antioxidant enzymes, including superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), showed optimal activities in shrimp fed diets with 3.50–5.00 % n-3 HUFA. Furthermore, serum and ovarian biochemical indicators, such as total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), and glucose (Glu), were positively influenced by dietary n-3 HUFA. Hormonal analysis revealed that estradiol (E2) and vitellogenin (VTG) levels in the serum and ovaries were significantly higher in the 5.00 % n-3 HUFA group, supporting enhanced reproductive performance. We recommend an n-3 HUFA level of 5.28–5.48 % in feed, based on the SGR and GSI fitting curves.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8103,"journal":{"name":"Aquaculture Reports","volume":"46 ","pages":"Article 103317"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2026-01-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145973126","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Temporal variability in greenhouse gas emissions from shrimp aquaculture ponds in China: A complete farming cycle assessment","authors":"Bowen Li ,&nbsp;Chunxiu Chen ,&nbsp;Xiaoqing Zhou ,&nbsp;Huiru Liu ,&nbsp;Zhixiong Zhou ,&nbsp;Xiaoyu Wang ,&nbsp;Jian Liang ,&nbsp;Yongjun Guo ,&nbsp;Shuang Liang","doi":"10.1016/j.aqrep.2025.103356","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aqrep.2025.103356","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Extensive shrimp aquaculture can release a significant amount of greenhouse gas (GHG). Its rapid expansion in China has raised environmental concerns. Most studies focus on GHG emissions during the farming stage. They often overlook emissions that occur during non-farming seasons. This oversight has led to a limited understanding of the temporal variations in emissions throughout the complete farming cycles. This study analyzed CO₂, CH₄, and N₂O fluxes across different farming stages and identified key environmental drivers through a meta-analysis of 564 sets of data from 26 studies spanning 2012–2024. During the farming period, the fluxes of CO₂, CH₄ and N₂O from shrimp ponds were 8.05 mg m⁻² h⁻¹, 27.33 mg m⁻² h⁻¹ and 16.65 μg m⁻² h⁻¹. The non-farming period with average emissions of 14.53 mg m⁻² h⁻¹ for CO₂, 2.86 mg m⁻² h⁻¹ for CH₄, and 80.26 μg m⁻² h⁻¹ for N₂O. Water physicochemical parameters (like water temperature, pH, dissolved oxygen) primarily drove emissions during farming periods. In contrast, sediment characteristics (like water depth, sediment pH, sediment total carbon, sediment total nitrogen) became dominant during non-farming periods. Notably, excluding the non-farming period from assessments overestimated CH₄ emissions and underestimated CO₂ and N₂O emissions. These findings emphasize the necessity of year-round monitoring for accurate GHG emission assessments from shrimp aquaculture. They also provide crucial insights for developing effective climate mitigation strategies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8103,"journal":{"name":"Aquaculture Reports","volume":"46 ","pages":"Article 103356"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2026-01-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145973052","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hepatic transcriptomic and lipidomic analyses reveal the responding mechanism of mandarin fish (Siniperca chuatsi) adapting to artificial feed in the early domestication periods","authors":"Lele Fu ,&nbsp;Zhimin Gu ,&nbsp;Dayan Hu ,&nbsp;Jinpeng Zhang ,&nbsp;Cui Liu ,&nbsp;Shu Wang ,&nbsp;Tiantian Ye ,&nbsp;Junjun Yan ,&nbsp;Jilun Meng ,&nbsp;Yutong Zheng ,&nbsp;Rongfeng Wu ,&nbsp;Xiaoming Zhu","doi":"10.1016/j.aqrep.2025.103316","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aqrep.2025.103316","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study aimed to elucidate the molecular mechanisms underlying hepatic adaptation in mandarin fish during early domestication by integrating transcriptomic and lipidomic analyses. Fish were fed either live prey (C) or artificial diets (F), and liver samples were collected on days 7 and 20 of the feeding trial to assess dynamic transcriptional and metabolic responses. No significant differences in body weight were observed between groups. Transcriptomic analysis revealed 861 differentially expressed genes on day 7 and 2922 on day 20, while lipidomic profiling identified 218 and 421 differentially abundant metabolites, respectively. Integrated multi-omics analysis revealed that steroid biosynthesis (particularly cholesterol synthesis), glycerophospholipid metabolism and sphingolipid signaling pathway were central to hepatic adaptation during domestication. Moreover, immune-related pathways, particularly the IL-17 signaling pathway and its downstream effectors (<em>nfκb</em>, <em>tnfα, il-1β</em>), were increasingly activated over time. In general, this study reveals continuous transcriptional and metabolic reprogramming in the liver during early domestication, providing insights into the molecular basis of dietary adaptation in mandarin fish. These findings lay a foundation for developing nutritionally optimized formulated feeds that support sustainable commercial production of mandarin fish.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8103,"journal":{"name":"Aquaculture Reports","volume":"46 ","pages":"Article 103316"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2026-01-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145973063","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of replacing fish meal with a combination of corn protein concentrate and meat meal on growth performance, biochemical profile, digestive enzyme activity, antioxidant activity, immune response, and economical efficiency in juvenile black rockfish (Sebastes schlegelii)","authors":"Tae Hoon Lee ,&nbsp;Ki-Tae Kim ,&nbsp;Hwa Yong Oh ,&nbsp;Da Ye Kang ,&nbsp;Young Wook Kim ,&nbsp;Do Hyun Kwon ,&nbsp;Bo Seong Gu ,&nbsp;Hee Sung Kim","doi":"10.1016/j.aqrep.2025.103312","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aqrep.2025.103312","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study evaluated the effects of substituting fish meal (FM) with a 1:2 blend of corn protein concentrate and meat meal (CCM) on growth performance, digestive enzyme activity, biochemical composition, antioxidant and immune responses, and economic efficiency in juvenile black rockfish (<em>Sebastes schlegelii</em>). Seven experimental diets were prepared: a control diet containing 65 % FM and six test diets with 10 %, 20 %, 30 %, 40 %, 50 %, and 60 % of FM from the control diet progressively replaced with CCM. Juvenile rockfish (initial body weight: 3.6 ± 0.01 g) were randomly assigned to triplicate groups of 30 each and fed the experimental diet for 8 weeks. Growth parameters, including final body weight, weight gain, specific growth rate, feed efficiency, and protein efficiency ratio, significantly declined when FM replacement exceeded 40 %. Trypsin and lipase activity showed a linear decline with increasing CCM levels. Whole-body moisture content significantly increased, whereas crude protein content significantly decreased at 60 % FM replacement with CCM. Antioxidant enzyme activity and immune response markers declined at ≥ 50 % FM replacement. Although feed costs decreased with increasing CCM levels, economic conversion and profit indices were maximized at 40 % FM replacement. Broken-line regression analysis estimated the optimal FM-replacement level with CCM at 34.07 %. Overall, these findings suggest that up to 40 % of FM can be replaced with CCM in juvenile <em>S. schlegelii</em> diets without impairing growth, nutrient utilization, antioxidant function, or immune response, making it a cost-effective and sustainable alternative for aquafeeds.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8103,"journal":{"name":"Aquaculture Reports","volume":"46 ","pages":"Article 103312"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2026-01-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145973127","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ecophysiological evidence linking temperature variability and lion´s paw scallop Nodipecten subnodosus growth yields in the field","authors":"Ilie S. Racotta,&nbsp;Natalia G. Joachin-Mejia,&nbsp;M. Teresa Sicard,&nbsp;Salvador E. Lluch-Cota","doi":"10.1016/j.aqrep.2025.103330","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aqrep.2025.103330","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The present work examines the fitness of lion's paw scallops at several locations in connection to historical temperature variability, in order to inform the site selection for the cultivation of <em>Nodipecten subnodosus</em>. Temperature-dependent tolerance limits and energy budget were analyzed in laboratory and compared to environmental thermal variability at five sites along the Baja California peninsula, two on the Pacific coast (PC) and three on the Gulf of California coast (GC), and to an updated analysis of published growth information from culture experiences in these same sites. Scope for growth determinations indicate that the optimum temperature for <em>N. subnodosus</em> is 22ºC, whereas its higher temperature limit ranged between 28 and 31ºC, depending on acclimation temperature. Little differences between sites were observed for the proportion of time for which the temperature in the field coincides with the laboratory-derived optimal, whereas a clear distinction can be observed for the tolerance range, where high temperatures are only slightly attained at the PC sites (0 and 4 %), but ranges between 19 % and 30 % for the GC sites. The analysis of growth data from previous studies grossly coincides with higher growth rates at PC than at GC sites. Based on our observations we pose that thermal variability conditions along the PC should be preferred over the GC for the culture of this species, although site selection must also consider other environmental variables and dimensions, such as food availability, environment quality, culture methods, and socioeconomic aspects.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8103,"journal":{"name":"Aquaculture Reports","volume":"46 ","pages":"Article 103330"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2026-01-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145973212","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A moderate dietary potassium diformate (KDF) is favorable for the growth, health status of intestine of juvenile rice field eel, Monopterus albus","authors":"Jinping Wu ,&nbsp;Lan Zhou ,&nbsp;Jiali Jin,&nbsp;Huamei Yue,&nbsp;Jing Zhang,&nbsp;Huan Ye,&nbsp;Chuangju Li,&nbsp;Rui Ruan","doi":"10.1016/j.aqrep.2026.103364","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aqrep.2026.103364","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>To assess the effect of dietary potassium diformate (KDF) on intestine health of juvenile rice field eel, the biochemistry, histomorphology and microbiota properties of intestine were analyzed after an 8-week trial by feeding diets containing different levels of KDF (0.0 %, 0.3 %, 0.6 %, 0.9 %, 1.2 % and 1.5 % in the diets). The results indicated that specific growth rate (SGR) was not affected by the dietary KDF levels (<em>P</em> &gt; 0.05). Fish fed diet with KDF level at 0.9 % presented a significant improvement on digestive enzymes activity of the foregut and stomach compared with control group (0 % KDF) (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05). The activities of intestine SOD, CAT, T-AOC and GSH-PX were significantly improved by the dietary KDF levels (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05). Intestine MDA content in the 1.2 % KDF group was significantly lower than that in the 0.3 %, 0.6 %, and 0.9 % treatments (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05). The significant elevation of AKP and ACP activities in intestine were observed in KDF supplementation groups (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05). The fish in 0.9 % KDF group showed significantly more foregut intestinal folds than that of the other treatments (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05). Inclusion of KDF in diets significantly increased the number of goblet cells in both the foregut and hindgut, and achieved the highest value at 0.9 % KDF group (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05). No significant effect was found on the α-diversity indices of gut (<em>P</em> &gt; 0.05). At the phylum level, the intestinal microbiota was predominantly comprised of Proteobacteria, Firmicutes, Verrucomicrobiota, Fusobacteriota, Actinobacteriota, and Bacteroidota. The study revealed that an appropriate supplementation of KDF in diet is beneficial for the growth and intestinal health status of rice field eel by improving digestive enzymes activity, intestinal morphology and antioxidant capacity. The optimum supplementation level of KDF in juvenile rice field eel diet is determined at 0.88 g/kg based on SGR.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8103,"journal":{"name":"Aquaculture Reports","volume":"46 ","pages":"Article 103364"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2026-01-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145973049","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The role of gender in quantifying the influence of online marketing on the performance of fish marketers in Southwest, Nigeria","authors":"Adewale Isaac Olutumise","doi":"10.1016/j.aqrep.2025.103326","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aqrep.2025.103326","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The rapid development of online markets, especially amid the global COVID-19 pandemic, has signified a fundamental change in the dynamics of markets and economies. This holds implications for various sectors, including fisheries and aquaculture. Despite the growing body of literature acknowledging the significance of online marketing, there exists a notable gap in understanding how online marketing influences the performance of marketers from the perspective of gender. Therefore, this research seeks to bridge this gap by conducting an empirical study on the role of gender in quantifying the influence of online market participation on the performance of fish marketers. Cross-sectional data were collected through a well-designed questionnaire. A multistage sampling technique was used to select 240 respondents. A budgetary technique was employed in measuring the performance. The empirical framework of the study considered potential endogeneity between online marketing and performance by using an endogenous treatment effects model with a linear outcome. The findings revealed that, even though fish marketing is profitable in the area, females make more profit than their male counterparts. It was also recorded that ignoring potential endogeneity may affect the statistical significance of the online market participation estimate and the direction of the influence of online marketing on the performance of fish marketers. The study revealed that online marketing had a direct impact on the performance of female and male fish marketers, with marginal effects of 3.65 and 1.98, respectively. Variables such as education, access to smartphones, digital literacy, market size, and internet availability are significant determinants of online market participation in the area. Therefore, our findings support the literature that online marketing significantly increases performance. Internet infrastructure should be improved and made affordable to allow more users, and this could be designed according to the characteristics of different groups to promote the marketers’ livelihoods.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8103,"journal":{"name":"Aquaculture Reports","volume":"46 ","pages":"Article 103326"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2026-01-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145973215","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Experimental protocol for bath infection of Atlantic salmon with Tenacibaculum dicentrarchi: Aiming for target mortalities","authors":"Almendra Benavides ,&nbsp;Ruth Montero ,&nbsp;Roque Scarpa ,&nbsp;Marcos Mancilla ,&nbsp;Margareth Øverland ,&nbsp;Mónica Imarai","doi":"10.1016/j.aqrep.2025.103345","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aqrep.2025.103345","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Developing experimental protocols to establish infection models in fish is essential for identifying new and effective preventive tools to improve fish health and welfare. Tenacibaculosis, caused by <em>Tenacibaculum</em> species, is a significant concern, particularly for Atlantic salmon (<em>Salmo salar</em>). However, replicable infection models for studying this disease remain limited. In this study, we developed a reliable bath infection method for <em>T. dicentrarchi</em>, enabling targeted, controlled mortality rates. First, using flow cytometry, we accurately quantified viable bacteria that were subsequently used for bath infection. A consistent mortality of ∼24 % was achieved across experiments, even when scaling up bath infection volumes. Infected fish displayed characteristic symptoms, including ulcers, oral erosions, and hemorrhages, and PCR confirmed bacterial presence. This protocol improved reproducibility in experimental infections with <em>T. dicentrarchi</em>, supporting research on new prophylactic methods and treatments against Tenacibaculosis.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8103,"journal":{"name":"Aquaculture Reports","volume":"46 ","pages":"Article 103345"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2026-01-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145972732","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}