Pub Date : 2025-12-03DOI: 10.1016/j.aqrep.2025.103271
Nannan Shen , Ting Qin , Kai Chen , Jun Xie , Liangkun Pan , Bingwen Xi
Recently, an emerging fish disease has caused massive mortality of farmed gibel carp (Carassius gibelio) in the early spring, and the diseased fish are associated with red heads and red mouths, which is also called “overwintering syndrome” in China. However, the exact causative agent of this fish kill is unclear. To identify the pathogen of the disease, bacterial isolations were conducted on the diseased gibel carp. The result showed that one dominant strain was identified as Chryseobacterium sp. YC-874, through bacterial morphology, physiological and biochemical tests, and 16S rRNA genetic sequence analysis. Histopathology observation found that the liver, spleen, kidneys, and intestines of the diseased fish had different degrees of damage. Drug sensitivity test showed that the isolate was sensitive to cotrimoxazole, moderately sensitive to enrofloxacin, and resistant to doxycycline, florfenicol, and neomycin. Furthermore, the genome of Chryseobacterium sp. YC-874 was sequenced and analyzed to gain an insight into its pathogenicity. The genome of YC-874 comprised of a single circular 5.32 Mb chromosome with 36.17 % GC content and encoded 4775 coding genes, among which 4643 genes were associated with the pathogenicity, virulence, and effector proteins. Although Chryseobacterium sp. is widely present in aquatic environments, this is the first report of Chryseobacterium sp. isolated from diseased C. gibelio. The infections of fish may be the result of the immunosuppression under spring conditions, combined with the psychrotrophic nature of bacteria.
{"title":"Characterization and genome analysis of a novel isolate of Chryseobacterium sp. associated with spring fish kills in gibel carp (Carassius gibelio)","authors":"Nannan Shen , Ting Qin , Kai Chen , Jun Xie , Liangkun Pan , Bingwen Xi","doi":"10.1016/j.aqrep.2025.103271","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aqrep.2025.103271","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Recently, an emerging fish disease has caused massive mortality of farmed gibel carp (<em>Carassius gibelio</em>) in the early spring, and the diseased fish are associated with red heads and red mouths, which is also called “overwintering syndrome” in China. However, the exact causative agent of this fish kill is unclear. To identify the pathogen of the disease, bacterial isolations were conducted on the diseased gibel carp. The result showed that one dominant strain was identified as <em>Chryseobacterium</em> sp. YC-874, through bacterial morphology, physiological and biochemical tests, and 16S rRNA genetic sequence analysis. Histopathology observation found that the liver, spleen, kidneys, and intestines of the diseased fish had different degrees of damage. Drug sensitivity test showed that the isolate was sensitive to cotrimoxazole, moderately sensitive to enrofloxacin, and resistant to doxycycline, florfenicol, and neomycin. Furthermore, the genome of <em>Chryseobacterium</em> sp. YC-874 was sequenced and analyzed to gain an insight into its pathogenicity. The genome of YC-874 comprised of a single circular 5.32 Mb chromosome with 36.17 % GC content and encoded 4775 coding genes, among which 4643 genes were associated with the pathogenicity, virulence, and effector proteins. Although <em>Chryseobacterium</em> sp. is widely present in aquatic environments, this is the first report of <em>Chryseobacterium</em> sp. isolated from diseased <em>C. gibelio</em>. The infections of fish may be the result of the immunosuppression under spring conditions, combined with the psychrotrophic nature of bacteria.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8103,"journal":{"name":"Aquaculture Reports","volume":"46 ","pages":"Article 103271"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-12-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145683416","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-02DOI: 10.1016/j.aqrep.2025.103265
Kifayatullah Mengal , Golara Kor , Valentina Siino , Fredrik Levander , Hamid Niksirat
Temperature, a key environmental stressor, can induce changes at the molecular levels in the body of living beings, which are necessary for adaptation and survival under altered conditions. We investigated the effects of acute cold (3 °C) and heat (32 °C) shocks on hemolymph protein profiles in marbled crayfish. Results showed that cold shock induced a metabolic shift toward glucose production by increasing enzymes for breaking down glycogen and upregulating enzymes related to glycolysis, such as glycogen phosphorylase, glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase, enolase, and L-lactate dehydrogenase in the hemolymph of crayfish. The upregulation of proteins such as filamin-A, alpha-actinin, and tubulin beta may indicate that immune cells in the hemolymph strengthen their survival during cold stress through reinforcement of the cytoskeletal rigidity. Shifts in the abundance of immunity-related proteins such as masquerade-like and β-1,3-glucan-binding proteins suggest that the immune system of decapods can adapt to thermal stresses via remodeling the extracellular matrix and pattern recognition receptors, ultimately modulating host defense strategies by shifting between phagocytosis and melanization. Furthermore, the regulation of reproduction-associated proteins indicates that thermal shock may affect the capacity for reproduction. These findings offer insight into how decapods cope with thermal stresses and may support strategies to protect them in farmed environments, especially under climate change. Data are available via ProteomeXchange with identifier PXD065043.
{"title":"Effects of acute cold and heat shocks on the protein profile of crayfish hemolymph: Implications for crustacean adaptation to thermal stress","authors":"Kifayatullah Mengal , Golara Kor , Valentina Siino , Fredrik Levander , Hamid Niksirat","doi":"10.1016/j.aqrep.2025.103265","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aqrep.2025.103265","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Temperature, a key environmental stressor, can induce changes at the molecular levels in the body of living beings, which are necessary for adaptation and survival under altered conditions. We investigated the effects of acute cold (3 °C) and heat (32 °C) shocks on hemolymph protein profiles in marbled crayfish. Results showed that cold shock induced a metabolic shift toward glucose production by increasing enzymes for breaking down glycogen and upregulating enzymes related to glycolysis, such as glycogen phosphorylase, glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase, enolase, and <span>L</span>-lactate dehydrogenase in the hemolymph of crayfish. The upregulation of proteins such as filamin-A, alpha-actinin, and tubulin beta may indicate that immune cells in the hemolymph strengthen their survival during cold stress through reinforcement of the cytoskeletal rigidity. Shifts in the abundance of immunity-related proteins such as masquerade-like and β-1,3-glucan-binding proteins suggest that the immune system of decapods can adapt to thermal stresses via remodeling the extracellular matrix and pattern recognition receptors, ultimately modulating host defense strategies by shifting between phagocytosis and melanization. Furthermore, the regulation of reproduction-associated proteins indicates that thermal shock may affect the capacity for reproduction. These findings offer insight into how decapods cope with thermal stresses and may support strategies to protect them in farmed environments, especially under climate change. Data are available via ProteomeXchange with identifier PXD065043.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8103,"journal":{"name":"Aquaculture Reports","volume":"46 ","pages":"Article 103265"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-12-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145682980","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In order to optimize the indoor scale artificial culture of Sepia pharaonis, this study compared the growth performance, composition of body components, activity of digestive enzymes, and intestinal microorganisms of S. pharaonis under different feeding frequencies, 1 time/day (T1), 2 times/day (T2), and 3 times/day (T3). The results showed that the feeding frequency had a significant effect on the growth performance, body composition, digestive enzyme activity and intestinal microorganisms of the S. pharaonis. The T3 group exhibited significantly higher survival rate, specific growth rate, weight gain rate and feed conversion ratio compared to other groups, reaching 30.76 %, 15.05 %, 31.19 % and 41.05 %, respectively. The T2 group showed the highest protein content and lowest lipid content in body composition. Digestive enzyme analysis revealed maximum amylase and protease activities in T2, while lipase activity peaked in T3. Intestinal microbiota characterization indicated a healthier and more stable microbial environment in T2. In conclusion, we suggest that the S. pharaonis (juvenile stage) cultured in the indoor cement pool environment, if the pursuit of yield, choose to feed 3 times/day, if the pursuit of quality and cost control, choose to feed 2 times/day. These findings provide crucial theoretical guidance for optimizing feeding strategies in S. pharaonis aquaculture systems.
{"title":"Optimal feeding frequency for intensive indoor culture of pharaoh cuttlefish (Sepia pharaonis)","authors":"Qilong Huang, Jiayi Sun, Jiawen Yu, Ruibing Peng, Maowang Jiang, Qingxi Han, Xiamin Jiang","doi":"10.1016/j.aqrep.2025.103267","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aqrep.2025.103267","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In order to optimize the indoor scale artificial culture of <em>Sepia pharaonis</em>, this study compared the growth performance, composition of body components, activity of digestive enzymes, and intestinal microorganisms of <em>S. pharaonis</em> under different feeding frequencies, 1 time/day (T1), 2 times/day (T2), and 3 times/day (T3). The results showed that the feeding frequency had a significant effect on the growth performance, body composition, digestive enzyme activity and intestinal microorganisms of the <em>S. pharaonis</em>. The T3 group exhibited significantly higher survival rate, specific growth rate, weight gain rate and feed conversion ratio compared to other groups, reaching 30.76 %, 15.05 %, 31.19 % and 41.05 %, respectively. The T2 group showed the highest protein content and lowest lipid content in body composition. Digestive enzyme analysis revealed maximum amylase and protease activities in T2, while lipase activity peaked in T3. Intestinal microbiota characterization indicated a healthier and more stable microbial environment in T2. In conclusion, we suggest that the <em>S. pharaonis</em> (juvenile stage) cultured in the indoor cement pool environment, if the pursuit of yield, choose to feed 3 times/day, if the pursuit of quality and cost control, choose to feed 2 times/day. These findings provide crucial theoretical guidance for optimizing feeding strategies in <em>S. pharaonis</em> aquaculture systems.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8103,"journal":{"name":"Aquaculture Reports","volume":"46 ","pages":"Article 103267"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-12-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145683365","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-01DOI: 10.1016/j.aqrep.2025.103269
Ricardo Pérez–Velasco , Bruno Gómez-Gil , María Cristina Chávez-Sánchez , Alondra Mesina-Peña , Lizeth Carolina Flores-Méndez , Juan Manuel Martínez-Brown , Crisantema Hernández
This study examined the effect of replacing fishmeal (FM) with soybean meal (SBM) or fermented soybean meal (FSBM) on midgut micromorphology, distal gut microbiota, catalase activity, and lipid peroxidation in the white snook Centropomus viridis. The control diet contained 328.15 g kg −1 FM. Four experimental diets were formulated based on the control diet, replacing 25 % and 40 % FM protein with SBM (SBM25 and SBM40) or FSBM (FSBM25 and FSBM40). Juvenile snook (11.42 ± 0.83 g) were fed for 80 days in quadruplicate experimental groups (n = 60 fish per diet). Fish fed the SBM25 and SBM40 diets showed signs of enteritis. In addition, fish fed the SBM40 diet showed decreased catalase activity in the liver. In contrast, fish fed the FSBM25 and FSBM40 diets showed neither signs of enteritis nor reduced catalase activity. The dietary inclusion of FSBM favored a higher abundance of the genus Photobacterium in the distal intestinal microbiota. In addition, fish fed the FSBM25 diet showed higher dominance in the intestinal bacterial community. These results demonstrate that high dietary inclusion levels of soybean meal can affect white snook intestinal health and induce signs of oxidative stress. Furthermore, they highlight the potential of FSBM as an alternative protein source, as it does not negatively affect gut health. The results also demonstrate that FSBM can modulate the intestinal microbiota of juvenile white snook. Future research is needed to elucidate the functional role of Photobacterium species in the gut microbiota of C. viridis.
{"title":"Effect of replacing fish meal with conventional or fermented soybean meal on intestinal morphology, microbiota, and oxidative stress biomarkers in the white snook (Centropomus viridis)","authors":"Ricardo Pérez–Velasco , Bruno Gómez-Gil , María Cristina Chávez-Sánchez , Alondra Mesina-Peña , Lizeth Carolina Flores-Méndez , Juan Manuel Martínez-Brown , Crisantema Hernández","doi":"10.1016/j.aqrep.2025.103269","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aqrep.2025.103269","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study examined the effect of replacing fishmeal (FM) with soybean meal (SBM) or fermented soybean meal (FSBM) on midgut micromorphology, distal gut microbiota, catalase activity, and lipid peroxidation in the white snook <em>Centropomus viridis</em>. The control diet contained 328.15 g kg <sup>−1</sup> FM. Four experimental diets were formulated based on the control diet, replacing 25 % and 40 % FM protein with SBM (SBM25 and SBM40) or FSBM (FSBM25 and FSBM40). Juvenile snook (11.42 ± 0.83 g) were fed for 80 days in quadruplicate experimental groups (<em>n</em> = 60 fish per diet). Fish fed the SBM25 and SBM40 diets showed signs of enteritis. In addition, fish fed the SBM40 diet showed decreased catalase activity in the liver. In contrast, fish fed the FSBM25 and FSBM40 diets showed neither signs of enteritis nor reduced catalase activity. The dietary inclusion of FSBM favored a higher abundance of the genus <em>Photobacterium</em> in the distal intestinal microbiota. In addition, fish fed the FSBM25 diet showed higher dominance in the intestinal bacterial community. These results demonstrate that high dietary inclusion levels of soybean meal can affect white snook intestinal health and induce signs of oxidative stress. Furthermore, they highlight the potential of FSBM as an alternative protein source, as it does not negatively affect gut health. The results also demonstrate that FSBM can modulate the intestinal microbiota of juvenile white snook. Future research is needed to elucidate the functional role of <em>Photobacterium</em> species in the gut microbiota of <em>C. viridis</em>.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8103,"journal":{"name":"Aquaculture Reports","volume":"46 ","pages":"Article 103269"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145683364","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-01DOI: 10.1016/j.aqrep.2025.103266
Sihan Lin , Xin Cui , Lubo Wang , Minqin Dai , Peng Wang , Haiqi Pu , Anqi Chen , Yucai Guo , Zhihong Liao , Wei Zhao , Jin Niu
The research investigated the effects of Enteromorpha (Ulva) prolifera meal and its derivatives (E. prolifera hydrolysate, E. prolifera protein, and E. prolifera polysaccharide) in diets on growth performance, liver antioxidant activity and immunity, largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides). Five experimental groups were arranged, with the control group (CTRL, D1), adding the E. prolifera hydrolysate group (EPH, D2), adding the E. prolifera protein group (EPP, D3), adding the E. prolifera polysaccharide group (EPPS, D4), adding the E. prolifera meal group (EPM, D5). Five groups of largemouth bass were fed for 8 weeks. The addition of EPH, EPP and EPPS improved growth performance, final body weight, weight gain rate and specific growth rate of largemouth bass and reduced feed conversion ratio, 17 % increase in WG of EPH group. Meanwhile, the addition of EPH and EPPS could improve the histomorphological health of the liver of largemouth bass, enhance the antioxidant properties of the liver (T-SOD, CAT, GSH), reduce the content of MDA in the liver, and reduce oxidative damage. The inflammation-related genes of the liver showed that the addition of EPH and EPPS could increase the expression level of anti-inflammatory factors and decrease the expression level of pro-inflammatory factors, which indicated that two E. prolifera products could effectively reduce the level of inflammation in largemouth bass, and the apoptosis-related genes in the liver showed that the addition of EPH and EPPS could decrease the expression level of pro-apoptotic genes, and cell apoptosis was reduced. This study suggests that EPH and EPPS can be used as potential functional additives to improve growth performance and liver health in aquatic animals.
{"title":"Effects of the addition of Enteromorpha prolifera meal and its derivatives in diets on the growth performance, antioxidant capacity and immune ability of largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides)","authors":"Sihan Lin , Xin Cui , Lubo Wang , Minqin Dai , Peng Wang , Haiqi Pu , Anqi Chen , Yucai Guo , Zhihong Liao , Wei Zhao , Jin Niu","doi":"10.1016/j.aqrep.2025.103266","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aqrep.2025.103266","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The research investigated the effects of <em>Enteromorpha</em> (<em>Ulva</em>) <em>prolifera</em> meal and its derivatives (<em>E. prolifera</em> hydrolysate, <em>E. prolifera</em> protein, and <em>E. prolifera</em> polysaccharide) in diets on growth performance, liver antioxidant activity and immunity, largemouth bass (<em>Micropterus salmoides</em>). Five experimental groups were arranged, with the control group (CTRL, D1), adding the <em>E. prolifera</em> hydrolysate group (EPH, D2), adding the <em>E. prolifera</em> protein group (EPP, D3), adding the <em>E. prolifera</em> polysaccharide group (EPPS, D4), adding the <em>E. prolifera</em> meal group (EPM, D5). Five groups of largemouth bass were fed for 8 weeks. The addition of EPH, EPP and EPPS improved growth performance, final body weight, weight gain rate and specific growth rate of largemouth bass and reduced feed conversion ratio, 17 % increase in WG of EPH group. Meanwhile, the addition of EPH and EPPS could improve the histomorphological health of the liver of largemouth bass, enhance the antioxidant properties of the liver (T-SOD, CAT, GSH), reduce the content of MDA in the liver, and reduce oxidative damage. The inflammation-related genes of the liver showed that the addition of EPH and EPPS could increase the expression level of anti-inflammatory factors and decrease the expression level of pro-inflammatory factors, which indicated that two <em>E. prolifera</em> products could effectively reduce the level of inflammation in largemouth bass, and the apoptosis-related genes in the liver showed that the addition of EPH and EPPS could decrease the expression level of pro-apoptotic genes, and cell apoptosis was reduced. This study suggests that EPH and EPPS can be used as potential functional additives to improve growth performance and liver health in aquatic animals.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8103,"journal":{"name":"Aquaculture Reports","volume":"46 ","pages":"Article 103266"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145683363","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-11-29DOI: 10.1016/j.aqrep.2025.103243
Hongzi Song , Zhicong Gao , Qijun Luo , Yuting Zhang , Juanjuan Chen , Rui Yang , Peng Zhang , Tiegan Wang , Shanshan Zhu , Haimin Chen
Pyropia haitanensis, an economically important species of red algae, is widely cultivated in China. Agronomic traits of P. haitanensis, particularly blade thickness, influence product quality and processing methods. This study aimed to identify growth-related single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and candidate genes for thin blades using genome-wide association studies (GWAS) and transcriptome analysis. A total of 100 samples were sequenced, yielding 224,494 high-quality SNPs. GWAS identified 99 significant loci related to blade length, width, weight, and thickness. Transcriptome analysis revealed eleven annotated genes associated with thickness, including the triose-phosphate isomerase gene (PhTPI) that demonstrated significant upregulation in thicker strains. Integrative KEGG and GO pathway analyses highlighted enrichment in carbon metabolism, glycolysis/gluconeogenesis, and photosynthesis-related pathways, indicating their potential roles in regulating these traits. The TPI gene was validated by qRT-PCR, confirming its association with the variation in blade thickness. These findings provide a foundation for the molecular breeding of P. haitanensis with thin blades, thereby enabling enhanced precision in genetic improvement for better economic and processing outcomes.
{"title":"Identification of candidate thin blade-related SNPs and genes in Pyropia haitanensis","authors":"Hongzi Song , Zhicong Gao , Qijun Luo , Yuting Zhang , Juanjuan Chen , Rui Yang , Peng Zhang , Tiegan Wang , Shanshan Zhu , Haimin Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.aqrep.2025.103243","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aqrep.2025.103243","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><em>Pyropia haitanensis</em>, an economically important species of red algae, is widely cultivated in China. Agronomic traits of <em>P. haitanensis</em>, particularly blade thickness, influence product quality and processing methods. This study aimed to identify growth-related single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and candidate genes for thin blades using genome-wide association studies (GWAS) and transcriptome analysis. A total of 100 samples were sequenced, yielding 224,494 high-quality SNPs. GWAS identified 99 significant loci related to blade length, width, weight, and thickness. Transcriptome analysis revealed eleven annotated genes associated with thickness, including the triose-phosphate isomerase gene (<em>PhTPI</em>) that demonstrated significant upregulation in thicker strains. Integrative KEGG and GO pathway analyses highlighted enrichment in carbon metabolism, glycolysis/gluconeogenesis, and photosynthesis-related pathways, indicating their potential roles in regulating these traits. The TPI gene was validated by qRT-PCR, confirming its association with the variation in blade thickness. These findings provide a foundation for the molecular breeding of <em>P. haitanensis</em> with thin blades, thereby enabling enhanced precision in genetic improvement for better economic and processing outcomes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8103,"journal":{"name":"Aquaculture Reports","volume":"46 ","pages":"Article 103243"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-11-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145617104","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-11-29DOI: 10.1016/j.aqrep.2025.103262
LiJun Wang , JinLong Li , BingWen Xi , Ting Qin , Kai Chen , Jun Xie , BaoJuan Yang
Ichthyophthirius multifiliis is a globally distributed, highly pathogenic ciliate of freshwater fish and threatens aquaculture worldwide. Biological control is an attractive alternative to traditional chemical methods, which face several limitations of efficacy and safety in fish farming. This study evaluated the predation efficiency of natural predators Cyclops vicinus and Thermocyclops taihokuensis on I. multifiliis theronts through indoor experiments, and determined the natural diet and dietary selectivity of C. vicinus in a fish pond using 18S rDNA metabarcoding. The results demonstrated that the two copepod predators clearly reduced theronts across concentrations of 10.0–166.7 cell/mL, with feeding rates ranging from 4.64 to 68.14 and 3.53–50.96 cell/ind/h under light, and 4.23–57.74 and 3.70–47.79 cell/ind/h under dark, respectively. Feeding rates of both predators increased with rising theront densities, and were concordant with Holling type II functional response curves. Light exposure significantly enhanced the feeding rate of C. vicinus on theronts under the experimental concentrations (P < 0.05), while no effect for T. taihokuensis. Comparative analyses showed that C. vicinus demonstrated significantly higher feeding rates than T. taihokuensis (P < 0.05), highlighting its superior predatory capability on theronts. Furthermore, 18S rDNA metabarcoding analysis of C. vicinus in situ dietary composition unveiled 34 eukaryotic taxa, confirming its generalist omnivorous diets, and Ivlev’s electivity index indicated positive selection for diatoms (E = 0.76), green algae (E = 0.31), rotifers (E = 0.87), and ciliates (E = 0.34). In conclusion, the findings suggest that C. vicinus could be used as a biocontrol agent against I. multifiliis infection in aquaculture.
{"title":"Feeding efficiency of predatory copepod on Ichthyophthirius multifiliis theront and natural dietary composition in fish pond","authors":"LiJun Wang , JinLong Li , BingWen Xi , Ting Qin , Kai Chen , Jun Xie , BaoJuan Yang","doi":"10.1016/j.aqrep.2025.103262","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aqrep.2025.103262","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><em>Ichthyophthirius multifiliis</em> is a globally distributed, highly pathogenic ciliate of freshwater fish and threatens aquaculture worldwide. Biological control is an attractive alternative to traditional chemical methods, which face several limitations of efficacy and safety in fish farming. This study evaluated the predation efficiency of natural predators <em>Cyclops vicinus</em> and <em>Thermocyclops taihokuensis</em> on <em>I. multifiliis</em> theronts through indoor experiments, and determined the natural diet and dietary selectivity of <em>C. vicinus</em> in a fish pond using 18S rDNA metabarcoding. The results demonstrated that the two copepod predators clearly reduced theronts across concentrations of 10.0–166.7 cell/mL, with feeding rates ranging from 4.64 to 68.14 and 3.53–50.96 cell/ind/h under light, and 4.23–57.74 and 3.70–47.79 cell/ind/h under dark, respectively. Feeding rates of both predators increased with rising theront densities, and were concordant with Holling type II functional response curves. Light exposure significantly enhanced the feeding rate of <em>C. vicinus</em> on theronts under the experimental concentrations (<em>P</em> < 0.05), while no effect for <em>T. taihokuensis</em>. Comparative analyses showed that <em>C. vicinus</em> demonstrated significantly higher feeding rates than <em>T. taihokuensis</em> (<em>P</em> < 0.05), highlighting its superior predatory capability on theronts. Furthermore, 18S rDNA metabarcoding analysis of <em>C. vicinus</em> in situ dietary composition unveiled 34 eukaryotic taxa, confirming its generalist omnivorous diets, and Ivlev’s electivity index indicated positive selection for diatoms (E = 0.76), green algae (E = 0.31), rotifers (E = 0.87), and ciliates (E = 0.34). In conclusion, the findings suggest that <em>C. vicinus</em> could be used as a biocontrol agent against <em>I. multifiliis</em> infection in aquaculture.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8103,"journal":{"name":"Aquaculture Reports","volume":"46 ","pages":"Article 103262"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-11-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145617103","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-11-29DOI: 10.1016/j.aqrep.2025.103238
Xiaofei Cheng , Hualan Zou , Jiarong Guo , Jin Xiang , Hao Wu , Zhigang He , Min Xie , Yongchao Yuan , Hong Li , Cheng Li
The present study aimed to evaluate the influence of varying lipid sources on growth performance, serum biochemical indices, muscle chemical composition, antioxidant capacity, lipid metabolism, and intestinal microbiota composition in Spinibarbus caldwelli. Five experimental diets with equivalent nitrogen (40 % crude protein) and lipid (7 % crude lipid) levels were formulated, incorporating distinct lipid sources: fish oil (FO), soybean oil (SO), rapeseed oil (RO), linseed oil (LO), and palm oil (PO). S. caldwelli (initial weight: 8.02 ± 0.02 g) were randomly allocated into 15 tanks (30 fish/tank; 3 replicates per treatment) and fed twice daily (08:00 and 17:30) for 8 weeks. The results were summarized as follows: 1) The SO, RO, and LO groups exhibited significantly higher weight gain rates (WGR), specific growth rate (SGR), and protein efficiency ratio (PER) than the FO and PO groups (P < 0.05). Notably, the RO group exhibited the lowest feed conversion ratio (FCR). 2) Muscle crude lipid content was significantly elevated in the FO, RO, and LO groups relative to the SO and PO groups (P < 0.05). 3) Monounsaturated fatty acid (MUFA) levels in muscle were markedly higher in both the LO and RO groups (P < 0.05). 4) The SO, RO, and LO groups exhibited reduced hepatic malondialdehyde (MDA) content, while catalase (CAT) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities were significantly elevated compared to the FO and PO groups (P < 0.05). 5) Alpha diversity analysis of the intestinal microbiota revealed that the Shannon and Simpson indices were significantly higher in the SO, RO, and LO groups than those observed in other treatments (P < 0.05). The LO group displayed a predominance of beneficial bacteria; conversely, while exhibiting greater microbial diversity richness than others, the RO group also contained a higher abundance of harmful bacteria (P < 0.05). Furthermore, both the RO and LO groups demonstrated the highest enzymatic activities of fatty acid synthase (FAS), hormone-sensitive lipase (HSL), and carnitine palmitoyltransferase-1 (CPT-1) (P < 0.05). In conclusion, based on growth performance, muscle composition, antioxidant indicators, and microbiota profiles, LO is identified as the optimal lipid source for S. caldwelli diets, followed by FO, RO and SO. PO is not recommended as a dietary lipid source.
{"title":"Effects of dietary lipid sources on growth performance, fatty acid composition, antioxidant capacity, lipid metabolism and intestinal microbiota of Spinibarbus caldwelli","authors":"Xiaofei Cheng , Hualan Zou , Jiarong Guo , Jin Xiang , Hao Wu , Zhigang He , Min Xie , Yongchao Yuan , Hong Li , Cheng Li","doi":"10.1016/j.aqrep.2025.103238","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aqrep.2025.103238","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The present study aimed to evaluate the influence of varying lipid sources on growth performance, serum biochemical indices, muscle chemical composition, antioxidant capacity, lipid metabolism, and intestinal microbiota composition in <em>Spinibarbus caldwelli</em>. Five experimental diets with equivalent nitrogen (40 % crude protein) and lipid (7 % crude lipid) levels were formulated, incorporating distinct lipid sources: fish oil (FO), soybean oil (SO), rapeseed oil (RO), linseed oil (LO), and palm oil (PO). <em>S. caldwelli</em> (initial weight: 8.02 ± 0.02 g) were randomly allocated into 15 tanks (30 fish/tank; 3 replicates per treatment) and fed twice daily (08:00 and 17:30) for 8 weeks. The results were summarized as follows: 1) The SO, RO, and LO groups exhibited significantly higher weight gain rates (WGR), specific growth rate (SGR), and protein efficiency ratio (PER) than the FO and PO groups (<em>P</em> < 0.05). Notably, the RO group exhibited the lowest feed conversion ratio (FCR). 2) Muscle crude lipid content was significantly elevated in the FO, RO, and LO groups relative to the SO and PO groups (<em>P</em> < 0.05). 3) Monounsaturated fatty acid (MUFA) levels in muscle were markedly higher in both the LO and RO groups (<em>P</em> < 0.05). 4) The SO, RO, and LO groups exhibited reduced hepatic malondialdehyde (MDA) content, while catalase (CAT) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities were significantly elevated compared to the FO and PO groups (<em>P</em> < 0.05)<em>.</em> 5) Alpha diversity analysis of the intestinal microbiota revealed that the Shannon and Simpson indices were significantly higher in the SO, RO, and LO groups than those observed in other treatments (<em>P</em> < 0.05). The LO group displayed a predominance of beneficial bacteria; conversely, while exhibiting greater microbial diversity richness than others, the RO group also contained a higher abundance of harmful bacteria (<em>P</em> < 0.05). Furthermore, both the RO and LO groups demonstrated the highest enzymatic activities of fatty acid synthase (FAS), hormone-sensitive lipase (HSL), and carnitine palmitoyltransferase-1 (CPT-1) (<em>P</em> < 0.05). In conclusion, based on growth performance, muscle composition, antioxidant indicators, and microbiota profiles, LO is identified as the optimal lipid source for <em>S. caldwelli</em> diets, followed by FO, RO and SO. PO is not recommended as a dietary lipid source.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8103,"journal":{"name":"Aquaculture Reports","volume":"46 ","pages":"Article 103238"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-11-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145617099","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-11-28DOI: 10.1016/j.aqrep.2025.103264
Yueyue Fei , Yujia Huo , Chongyu Zhong , Yansong Zhang , Yijin Zhu , Yuyan Sun , Min Wei
Cyclina sinensis is an economically important bivalve in shallow-sea aquaculture, whose shell color is a key phenotypic trait with implications for ecological adaptation and commercial value. This study reports the first genome-wide DNA methylation profile of the mantle tissue from purple-shelled and white-shelled C. sinensis using Oxford Nanopore Technologies (ONT). We generated an average of 28.06 Gb of high-quality data per sample and identified 65,649 differentially methylated regions (DMRs), categorized as 36,130 6 mA, 24,689 CHH, 4998 CHG, and 1832 CpG sites. Functional analysis revealed significant enrichment of DMR-related genes in key pathways such as phosphatidylinositol signaling, calcium signaling, and ECM-receptor interactions. Integrated methylome and transcriptome analysis highlighted several critical genes, including elovl4 (lipid metabolism), calm (calcium signaling), and cyp1a1 (pigment metabolism), that potentially regulate carotenoid transport in purple-shelled individuals. Key regulators such as PTP10D, FBN1, and interferon-induced genes were also identified, along with transcription factors from the bHLH and bZIP families that were strongly correlated with shell color. These findings provide novel insights into the epigenetic mechanisms underlying shell color formation and establish a foundation for the molecular breeding of C. sinensis.
{"title":"Integrated analysis of the mantle methylome and transcriptome in Cyclina sinensis provides new insights into the molecular mechanisms of shell color formation","authors":"Yueyue Fei , Yujia Huo , Chongyu Zhong , Yansong Zhang , Yijin Zhu , Yuyan Sun , Min Wei","doi":"10.1016/j.aqrep.2025.103264","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aqrep.2025.103264","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><em>Cyclina sinensis</em> is an economically important bivalve in shallow-sea aquaculture, whose shell color is a key phenotypic trait with implications for ecological adaptation and commercial value. This study reports the first genome-wide DNA methylation profile of the mantle tissue from purple-shelled and white-shelled <em>C. sinensis</em> using Oxford Nanopore Technologies (ONT). We generated an average of 28.06 Gb of high-quality data per sample and identified 65,649 differentially methylated regions (DMRs), categorized as 36,130 6 mA, 24,689 CHH, 4998 CHG, and 1832 CpG sites. Functional analysis revealed significant enrichment of DMR-related genes in key pathways such as phosphatidylinositol signaling, calcium signaling, and ECM-receptor interactions. Integrated methylome and transcriptome analysis highlighted several critical genes, including <em>elovl4</em> (lipid metabolism), <em>calm</em> (calcium signaling), and <em>cyp1a1</em> (pigment metabolism), that potentially regulate carotenoid transport in purple-shelled individuals. Key regulators such as PTP10D, FBN1, and interferon-induced genes were also identified, along with transcription factors from the bHLH and bZIP families that were strongly correlated with shell color. These findings provide novel insights into the epigenetic mechanisms underlying shell color formation and establish a foundation for the molecular breeding of <em>C. sinensis</em>.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8103,"journal":{"name":"Aquaculture Reports","volume":"46 ","pages":"Article 103264"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-11-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145617105","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-10-23DOI: 10.1016/j.aqrep.2025.103171
Zong-Yu Li , Yi-Hsuan Chen , Min-Luen Tsai , Cheng-Yen Chiang , Li-Xi Xu , Cen-En Xiao , Po-Kun Tseng , Yin-Hao Lai , Feng-Jie Su
Bivalves play a dual role in aquaculture and biogeochemical cycles, yet their contribution to carbon sequestration remains debated. Here, we tested four dietary regimes—Chlorella vulgaris, Isochrysis galbana, fermented kraut juice, and Arthrospira platensis—in the freshwater clam Unio douglasiae taiwanicus to assess effects on growth, survival, gut microbiota, and carbon sequestration. Across 30 days, no significant differences in shell carbon sequestration were detected among diets, although patterns in growth and survival varied: Chlorella and Isochrysis promoted faster growth, Arthrospira supported the highest survival (95 %), and kraut juice altered microbiota composition, enriching Flavobacteriales. Microalgal diets instead favored Corynebacteriales and Clostridiales. These findings indicate that while short-term dietary interventions did not markedly alter carbon sequestration, they shaped physiological traits and microbial communities, providing insights into the role of diet in sustainable aquaculture and ecosystem services.
{"title":"Dietary modulation of gut microbiota enhances shell biomineralization and carbon sequestration in the freshwater clam Unio douglasiae taiwanicus","authors":"Zong-Yu Li , Yi-Hsuan Chen , Min-Luen Tsai , Cheng-Yen Chiang , Li-Xi Xu , Cen-En Xiao , Po-Kun Tseng , Yin-Hao Lai , Feng-Jie Su","doi":"10.1016/j.aqrep.2025.103171","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aqrep.2025.103171","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Bivalves play a dual role in aquaculture and biogeochemical cycles, yet their contribution to carbon sequestration remains debated. Here, we tested four dietary regimes—<em>Chlorella vulgaris</em>, <em>Isochrysis galbana</em>, fermented kraut juice, and <em>Arthrospira platensis</em>—in the freshwater clam <em>Unio douglasiae taiwanicus</em> to assess effects on growth, survival, gut microbiota, and carbon sequestration. Across 30 days, no significant differences in shell carbon sequestration were detected among diets, although patterns in growth and survival varied: <em>Chlorella</em> and <em>Isochrysis</em> promoted faster growth, <em>Arthrospira</em> supported the highest survival (95 %), and kraut juice altered microbiota composition, enriching <em>Flavobacteriales</em>. Microalgal diets instead favored <em>Corynebacteriales</em> and <em>Clostridiales</em>. These findings indicate that while short-term dietary interventions did not markedly alter carbon sequestration, they shaped physiological traits and microbial communities, providing insights into the role of diet in sustainable aquaculture and ecosystem services.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8103,"journal":{"name":"Aquaculture Reports","volume":"45 ","pages":"Article 103171"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-10-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145358076","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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