Aquaculture Reports最新文献_第6页

Dietary vitamin E modulates the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal (HPG) axis and antioxidant capacity during early gonadal development in juvenile Chinese sturgeon (Acipenser sinensis) 饲料维生素E对中华鲟幼鱼性腺发育早期下丘脑-垂体-性腺轴和抗氧化能力的调节

IF 3.7 2区农林科学 Q1 FISHERIES

Aquaculture Reports

Pub Date : 2025-10-23 DOI: 10.1016/j.aqrep.2025.103181

Tingting Shu , Zhaoxi Yu , Jingyi Jia , Yifan Ding , Chao Cheng , Xu Cheng , Zhan Yin , Wei Jiang , Yacheng Hu , Jing Yang , Pei Chen

A two-month feeding trial was conducted to investigate the effects of dietary vitamin E on the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal (HPG) axis and antioxidant capacity during early gonadal development in juvenile Chinese sturgeon. Three experimental diets were formulated: a basal commercial diet as the control (Con), and two diets supplemented with 0.2 % (VE2) and 0.4 % (VE4) vitamin E, respectively. The results showed that a 0.2 % dietary vitamin E level significantly enhanced final body weight (FBW), weight gain rate (WGR), and specific growth rate (SGR). Although H&E staining showed no morphological differences among the three groups, vitamin E supplementation significantly increased gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) concentrations in males, as well as testosterone and 11-keto testosterone (11-KT) levels in females. Additionally, the transcriptional levels of key genes in the HPG axis, including gnrh2, kiss1, kissr1, kissr2, ar, and fshr were markedly up-regulated in both sexes. Transcriptome analysis identified 892 and 1210 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in males from the VE2 and VE4 groups, respectively, compared to the control. In females, 1431 and 655 DEGs were identified in the VE2 and VE4 groups, respectively. KEGG pathway analysis indicated that vitamin E could modulate multiple biological pathways in Chinese sturgeon, including Cortisol synthesis and secretion, Cell adhesion molecules, PPAR signaling pathway, Cholesterol metabolism, and ECM-receptor interaction. Furthermore, vitamin E supplementation significantly improved catalase (CAT) activity in males and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity in females. Females fed the 0.2 % vitamin E diet exhibited the highest peroxidase (POD) activity and total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC), while those fed the 0.4 % vitamin E diet showed the lowest malondialdehyde (MDA) concentration. Vitamin E supplementation also significantly up-regulated the expression of gonadal antioxidant-related genes in both males and females. Based on the observed functional benefits in growth and physiological parameters, a dietary inclusion of 0.2 % vitamin E is recommended for juvenile Chinese sturgeon.

本试验旨在研究饲料中维生素E对中华鲟幼年性腺发育早期下丘脑-垂体-性腺（HPG）轴及抗氧化能力的影响。配制3种试验饲粮：以基础商品饲粮为对照（Con），分别添加0.2 % （VE2）和0.4 % （VE4）维生素E的饲粮。结果表明，饲粮中添加0.2 %维生素E可显著提高终体重、增重率和特定生长率。虽然H&；E染色显示三组之间没有形态学差异，但补充维生素E显著增加雄性促性腺激素释放激素（GnRH）浓度，以及雌性睾酮和11-酮睾酮（11-KT）水平。此外，HPG轴上的关键基因gnrh2、kiss1、kissr1、kissr2、ar和fshr的转录水平在两性中均显著上调。转录组分析发现，与对照组相比，VE2组和VE4组的雄性分别有892和1210个差异表达基因（deg）。在女性中，VE2和VE4组分别鉴定出1431和655个deg。KEGG通路分析表明，维生素E可调节中华鲟体内皮质醇合成与分泌、细胞粘附分子、PPAR信号通路、胆固醇代谢和ecm受体相互作用等多种生物学通路。此外，补充维生素E显著提高了雄性的过氧化氢酶（CAT）活性和雌性的超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）活性。饲粮中维生素E含量为0.2 %的雌性过氧化物酶（POD）活性和总抗氧化能力（T-AOC）最高，而饲粮中维生素E含量为0.4 %的雌性丙二醛（MDA）含量最低。补充维生素E还显著上调雄性和雌性性腺抗氧化相关基因的表达。根据观察到的生长和生理参数的功能益处，建议在中华鲟幼鱼的饲料中添加0.2 %维生素E。

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引用次数: 0

Optimal dietary isoleucine requirement of juvenile red swamp crayfish (Procambarus clarkii): Consideration from growth performance and intestinal health 克氏原螯虾幼虾最佳饲料异亮氨酸需取量：从生长性能和肠道健康角度考虑

IF 3.7 2区农林科学 Q1 FISHERIES

Aquaculture Reports

Pub Date : 2025-10-21 DOI: 10.1016/j.aqrep.2025.103184

Jiabang Zhang , Ze Fan , Chenhui Li , Di Wu , Dongli Qin , Bo Liu , Qirui Hao , Liansheng Wang

This study was conducted to assess the effects of dietary isoleucine level on growth performance and intestinal health of juvenile red swamp crayfish (Procambarus clarkii). Isoleucine levels in each group were 0.7 %, 1.20 %, 1.70 %, 2.20 %, 2.70 %, and 3.20 %, respectively. The results showed that the 1.20 % isoleucine group significantly increased the weight gain rate, protein efficiency rate and decreased the feed efficient rate. The intestinal amylase and trypsinase activities of the 1.20 % group were significantly higher than those of the other groups. The activities of intestinal antioxidant enzymes reached the highest value in the 1.20 % group, and the content of malondialdehyde in the 1.20 % group was significantly lower than that in other groups except 1.70 % and 3.20 %. The expression levels of antioxidant-related genes (gst, gpx, nrf2) and immune-related genes (toll, tgf-β, and claudin) reached the highest value at 1.20 %. 1.20 % group the immune-related myd88 gene was significantly higher than that of the other groups except 1.70 %. The immune-related zo-1 gene in the 1.20 % group was significantly higher than that of the other groups except 2.20 %. The antioxidant-related keap1 gene, immune-related tnf-α and il-1β genes in the 1.20 % group were significantly lower than those of other groups. The Firmicutes abundance in the 1.20 % group was significantly increased, and the Proteobacteria abundance is the opposite. Based on the growth performance and intestinal antioxidant indexes, linear regression model analysis showed that the optimal dietary isoleucine requirements of juvenile crayfish were 1.13 %-1.22 % and 1.01 %-1.38 % of dry matter. The results of this study indicate that the appropriate proportion of isoleucine in the diet can improve the growth performance, enhance the intestinal antioxidant and immune capacity, and improve the intestinal microflora balance of juvenile red swamp crayfish.

本试验旨在研究饲料异亮氨酸水平对克氏原螯虾（Procambarus clarkii）幼虾生长性能和肠道健康的影响。各组异亮氨酸水平分别为0.7 %、1.20 %、1.70 %、2.20 %、2.70 %和3.20 %。结果表明，1.20 %异亮氨酸组显著提高了增重率、蛋白质利用率，降低了饲料利用率。1.20 %组肠道淀粉酶和胰蛋白酶活性显著高于其他各组。肠道抗氧化酶活性在1.20 %组达到最高，丙二醛含量在1.20 %组显著低于除1.70 %和3.20 %外的其他各组。抗氧化相关基因（gst、gpx、nrf2）和免疫相关基因（toll、tgf-β、claudin）的表达量最高，为1.20 %。1.20 %组与免疫相关的myd88基因除1.70 %外显著高于其他组。1.20 %组的免疫相关zo-1基因显著高于除2.20 %外的其他组。1.20 %组抗氧化相关的keap1基因、免疫相关的tnf-α和il-1β基因显著低于其他组。1.20 %组厚壁菌门丰度显著升高，变形菌门丰度相反。基于生长性能和肠道抗氧化指标，线性回归模型分析表明，小龙虾幼虾适宜的饲料异亮氨酸需水量为干物质的1.13 % ~ 1.22 %和1.01 % ~ 1.38 %。本研究结果表明，饲料中适当比例的异亮氨酸可以改善红沼泽小龙虾幼虾的生长性能，增强肠道抗氧化和免疫能力，改善肠道菌群平衡。

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引用次数: 0

Moderate dietary saccharicterpenin supplement ameliorates growth performance, muscle antioxidant capacity and quality of Procambarus clarkii 饲粮中适量添加糖萜素可改善克氏原螯虾的生长性能、肌肉抗氧化能力和品质

IF 3.7 2区农林科学 Q1 FISHERIES

Aquaculture Reports

Pub Date : 2025-10-21 DOI: 10.1016/j.aqrep.2025.103178

Hongyan Tian , Changdong Hu , Yongjun Dai , Aimin Wang , Mingyou Li , Dawei Zhao , Zepeng Zheng , Guangtong Song , Aqin Chen , Qingqing Jiang , Zhigang Yang , Wuxiao Zhang , Silei Xia , Fei Liu , Wenping Yang , Yebing Yu , Bo Liu

A 6-week feeding trial was conducted to evaluate the effect of different saccharicterpenin supplemental levels (0, 0.1, 0.3, 0.6, 1.2 and 2.4 g/kg, named S0, S0.1, S0.3, S0.6, S1.2, S2.4, respectively) on growth performance, muscle antioxidant and quality of crayfish (Procambarus clarkii). The results showed that S0.6 showed significant increase in weight gain rate (WGR), specific growth rate (SGR) and significant decrease in feed conversion ratio (FCR) (P < 0.05). Compared with the S0, S1.2 showed significant increase in feed-meat ratio (FMR). Antioxidant enzyme activities were higher in crayfish muscle in S1.2 compared to other groups (P < 0.05). Nutritional indices of meat quality showed that saccharicterpenin increased fat and decreased water of the muscle. Compared with the S0, total amino acids, essential amino acids were significantly higher in S2.4 and polyunsaturated fatty acids, docosahexaenoic acid, eicosapentaenoic acid were significantly higher in S1.2 (P < 0.05). Dietary saccharicterpenin supplemental could reduce muscle brightness since muscle in S2.4 group possessed a higher degree value of yellowness, while S1.2 group had significantly lower redness value. Muscle springiness was significantly lower in S0.3 and S2.4 compared to the other groups (P < 0.05). Additionally, the cooking loss was significantly lower in S1.2 (P < 0.05). The muscle fiber diameter was significantly higher in S0.6, S1.2, S2.4 than in the S0 group, and the frequency of coarse muscle fibers was significantly higher in S1.2 and S2.4 (P < 0.05). Both muscle growth and atrophy genes were upregulated in S1.2 and S2.4. Based on the quadratic regression analysis of FBW, WGR, SGR, FMR with saccharicterpenin supplement, the best growth performance and economic benefits of crayfish were achieved with the addition of 1.3–1.4 g/kg saccharicterpenin to the diet. Higher saccharicterpenin supplement may moderately increase the nutritional value but with the loss of appearance and taste.

本试验旨在研究不同糖霉素添加水平（0、0.1、0.3、0.6、1.2和2.4 g/kg，分别命名为S0、S0.1、S0.3、S0.6、S1.2和S2.4）对克氏原螯虾（Procambarus clarkii）生长性能、肌肉抗氧化剂和品质的影响。结果表明：S0.6显著提高了增重率（WGR）和特定生长率（SGR），显著降低了饲料系数（FCR）（P <； 0.05）。与0相比，S1.2显著提高了料肉比（FMR）。S1.2组小龙虾肌肉中抗氧化酶活性高于其他组（P <； 0.05）。肉品质的营养指标表明，糖萜素增加了肌肉的脂肪含量，减少了肌肉的水分含量。S2.4组总氨基酸、必需氨基酸显著高于S0组，S1.2组多不饱和脂肪酸、二十二碳六烯酸、二十碳五烯酸显著高于S0组（P <； 0.05）。由于S2.4 组肌肉的黄度值较高，而S1.2组肌肉的红度值显著降低，因此饲粮中添加糖萜素会降低肌肉亮度。S0.3和S2.4组肌肉弹性显著低于其他组（P <； 0.05）。蒸煮损失显著低于S1.2 （P <； 0.05）。S0.6、S1.2、S2.4组的肌纤维直径显著高于S0组，粗肌纤维频率显著高于S1.2、S2.4组（P <； 0.05）。在S1.2和S2.4中，肌肉生长和萎缩基因均上调。通过对添加糖萜素后的增重、增重、增重、增重率进行二次回归分析，饲料中添加1.3 ~ 1.4 g/kg糖萜素时，小龙虾的生长性能和经济效益最佳。高糖萜素的补充可以适度增加营养价值，但会损失外观和味道。

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引用次数: 0

Study on the physiological and molecular regulatory mechanisms of Sinonovacula rivularis in response to low-salinity stress 小水藻对低盐度胁迫的生理和分子调控机制研究

IF 3.7 2区农林科学 Q1 FISHERIES

Aquaculture Reports

Pub Date : 2025-10-21 DOI: 10.1016/j.aqrep.2025.103174

Jian Liang , Yuan Wei , Huiru Liu , Shuang Liang , Yongren Li , Zhixiong Zhou , Yongjun Guo

The euryhaline bivalve Sinonovacula rivularis exhibits remarkable adaptability to low-salinity stress, yet its integrated physiological and molecular mechanisms remain incompletely understood. This study systematically investigated its physiological responses and transcriptional regulatory strategies under acute low-salinity conditions (0 ‰ salinity) using physiological profiling and transcriptomic analyses. Under low-salinity stress, significant gill filament swelling and transient respiratory suppression within the initial 12 h were observed. During 12–24 h of exposure, ammonia excretion rates surpassed control levels, accompanied by markedly reduced oxygen-to-nitrogen ratios. Heart rates declined progressively after 24 h, indicating prioritized energy allocation toward osmoregulation and amino acid metabolism. Transcriptomic analysis identified 3011, 804, and 443 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) at 12, 24, and 72 h post-exposure, respectively. These DEGs were predominantly enriched in glutathione metabolism, amino acid biosynthesis, and ion transport pathways. Key genes involved in energy metabolism (PKM, PEPCK, PRKAA2), taurine synthesis (CSAD, CDO1), free amino acids metabolism (CRANS1, CA1, GAUD1), antioxidant defense (GSTP1), and ion transport (CLCN7, SLC9A2, KCNN3) were significantly upregulated. Conversely, downregulation of SLC8A1, a gene associated with cardiac rhythm regulation, likely contributed to the sustained heart rate decline post-24h. Weighted Gene Co-expression Network Analysis (WGCNA) revealed core gene modules linked to energy metabolism, ion transport, and amino acid homeostasis. These findings demonstrate that S. rivularis employs a multi-layered adaptive strategy, involving accelerated amino acid turnover, structural gill modifications, and transcriptional regulation of free amino acids metabolism, energy pathways, and ion transport. This work enhances our understanding of molluscan euryhaline adaptation and provides a theoretical foundation for breeding salinity-tolerant aquaculture species and managing estuarine ecosystems under climate change.

广盐双壳类植物Sinonovacula rivularis对低盐度胁迫表现出较强的适应性，但其生理和分子机制尚不完全清楚。本研究利用生理谱和转录组学分析系统地研究了其在急性低盐度条件下（0 ‰盐度）的生理反应和转录调控策略。在低盐度胁迫下，在最初的12 h内观察到明显的鳃丝肿胀和短暂的呼吸抑制。在暴露12-24 h期间，氨排泄率超过对照水平，同时氧氮比显著降低。24 h后心率逐渐下降，表明能量优先分配给渗透调节和氨基酸代谢。转录组学分析分别在暴露后12、24和72 h鉴定出3011、804和443个差异表达基因（DEGs）。这些deg主要富集于谷胱甘肽代谢、氨基酸生物合成和离子运输途径。参与能量代谢（PKM、PEPCK、PRKAA2）、牛磺酸合成（CSAD、CDO1）、游离氨基酸代谢（CRANS1、CA1、GAUD1）、抗氧化防御（GSTP1）和离子转运（CLCN7、SLC9A2、KCNN3）的关键基因显著上调。相反，SLC8A1（一种与心律调节相关的基因）的下调可能导致24小时后心率持续下降。加权基因共表达网络分析（WGCNA）揭示了与能量代谢、离子转运和氨基酸稳态相关的核心基因模块。这些发现表明，河棘鱼采用了一种多层次的适应策略，包括加速氨基酸周转、结构鳃修饰、转录调节游离氨基酸代谢、能量途径和离子运输。本研究提高了我们对软体动物耐盐适应性的认识，为气候变化条件下耐盐养殖品种的培育和河口生态系统的管理提供了理论基础。

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引用次数: 0

Unveiling gender-specific annual developmental, nutritional, and hormonal variations in Cyclina Sinensis: Insights for aquaculture optimization 揭示性别特定的年度发育，营养和激素变化在中华梭子鱼：见解水产养殖优化

IF 3.7 2区农林科学 Q1 FISHERIES

Aquaculture Reports

Pub Date : 2025-10-18 DOI: 10.1016/j.aqrep.2025.103177

Siting Wang , Min Zhang , Meimei Liu , Hongxing Ge , Xiaoying Li , Guanya Lu , Zhiguo Dong

Cyclina sinensis exhibits externally indistinguishable genders and developmental stages, which often leads to the oversight of gender-specific nutrient and flavor disparities. This study systematically collected samples of female and male clams from Lianyungang (Yellow Sea region) over one year (March 2023–January 2024), covering key developmental stages. For each stage, developmental indices, sex steroid hormone levels, and nutritional composition were analyzed. Results revealed a seasonal pattern, with gonadosomatic index (GSI) increasing and hepatosomatic index (HSI) decreasing during gonadal maturation, and reversing post-gamete emission. Estradiol and testosterone in hemolymph and gonads had triphasic annual changes, reaching their lowest values in July and August. Glycogen content peaked in May for females and June for males, while lipid content peaked in June and August, with females generally exhibiting higher lipid levels. Both genders had high EPA and DHA, but males had more polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs). Protein levels in male declined; females adjusted upward from June to August, with EAA/TAA ratio peaked from May to August. Sensory evaluations found no significant difference in muscle and gonads between genders. Overall, these results suggest that the optimal harvest period is from growth to maturity (i.e., May to July). Furthermore, the findings offer insights into the generalizable reproductive and nutritional patterns of bivalves, contributing to sustainable harvesting and farming strategies in the aquaculture industry.

Cyclina sinensis表现出外部无法区分的性别和发育阶段，这往往导致性别特异性营养和风味差异的疏忽。本研究历时1年（2023年3月- 2024年1月）系统采集了黄海连云港地区雌、雄蛤的样本，涵盖了关键发育阶段。分析各组发育指标、性类固醇激素水平和营养成分。结果显示，在性腺成熟过程中，性腺成体指数（GSI）升高，肝成体指数（HSI）降低，并逆转配子后释放。血淋巴和性腺雌二醇和睾酮呈三期变化，在7月和8月达到最低值。雌性和雄性的糖原含量在5月和6月达到峰值，脂质含量在6月和8月达到峰值，雌性普遍表现出较高的脂质水平。男女均有较高的EPA和DHA，但男性有较多的多不饱和脂肪酸（PUFAs）。男性蛋白质水平下降；雌性在6 - 8月向上调整，EAA/TAA比值在5 - 8月达到峰值。感官评估发现，男女之间的肌肉和性腺没有显著差异。综上所述，最佳采收期为生长期至成熟期（即5 ~ 7月）。此外，研究结果对双壳类的一般繁殖和营养模式提供了见解，有助于水产养殖业的可持续收获和养殖战略。

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引用次数: 0

Intestinal metabolic regulatory mechanisms of the plateau-endemic Sinocyclocheilus grahami in response to long-term starvation 高原特有的格氏中华青虫对长期饥饿的肠道代谢调节机制

IF 3.7 2区农林科学 Q1 FISHERIES

Aquaculture Reports

Pub Date : 2025-10-17 DOI: 10.1016/j.aqrep.2025.103165

Jing Long , Wei Dao , Yanhui Yin , Anli Wu , Junxing Yang , Xiaoai Wang , Yuanwei Zhang

The ability to tolerate starvation is fundamental for animals inhabiting nutrient-limited environments and serves as a critical indicator of fitness, involving multi-level coordination from phenotypic to genomic adaptations. The genus Sinocyclocheilus is endemic to Southwest China, exclusively inhabiting oligotrophic caves and entrance pools ecosystems during at least one life history stage. Thus, it represents an emerging model of metabolic adaptations to food scarcity and the evolutionary mechanisms underlying starvation resistance. In this study, the phenotypic and molecular responses of Sinocyclocheilus grahami to starvation were systematically investigated using histology, electron microscopy, and intestinal comparative transcriptomics analyses. The results showed that prolonged starvation induced slow weight loss accompanied by significant intestinal atrophy, including a reduced intestinal index and shortened villi. Notably, despite significant reductions in mitochondrial morphometry, cristae integrity was maintained without autophagosome formation, indicating metabolic stability. Transcriptomic analysis revealed a unique starvation adaptation strategy: (1) energy conservation by suppressing or shutting down high energy-demand and basal pathways (glycolysis/gluconeogenesis, TCA cycle, and cholesterol synthesis); (2) selective upregulation of key genes involved in glutamine metabolism and protein synthesis to sustain basal physiological functions; and (3) upregulated intestinal lipogenesis. This orchestrated metabolic reprogramming, exhibits a paradoxical anabolic-catabolic pattern that contrasts with the typical starvation response observed in most vertebrates. These findings strongly suggest that the exceptional starvation resistance of S. grahami evolved through long-term adaptation to nutrient-deprived environments. Furthermore, this study provides crucial insights into the evolutionary mechanisms underlying the remarkable species diversity within the genus Sinocyclocheilus and the adaptive strategies for survival in cave ecosystems and analogous oligotrophic habitats.

忍受饥饿的能力是生活在营养有限环境中的动物的基本能力，也是适应性的关键指标，涉及从表型到基因组适应的多层次协调。Sinocyclocheilus属是中国西南特有的，在至少一个生活史阶段中专门栖息于寡营养洞穴和入口池生态系统。因此，它代表了一种新兴的代谢适应食物短缺的模式和饥饿抵抗的进化机制。本研究采用组织学、电镜和肠道比较转录组学分析等方法，系统地研究了格拉哈中华环螯蟹（Sinocyclocheilus graham）对饥饿的表型和分子反应。结果表明，长时间饥饿导致体重缓慢下降，并伴有明显的肠道萎缩，包括肠道指数降低和绒毛缩短。值得注意的是，尽管线粒体形态显著减少，但嵴完整性保持不变，没有自噬体形成，表明代谢稳定。转录组学分析揭示了一种独特的饥饿适应策略：(1)通过抑制或关闭高能量需求和基础途径（糖酵解/糖异生、TCA循环和胆固醇合成）来节约能量；(2)选择性上调参与谷氨酰胺代谢和蛋白质合成的关键基因，维持基础生理功能；(3)肠道脂肪生成上调。这种精心安排的代谢重编程表现出一种矛盾的合成代谢-分解代谢模式，与大多数脊椎动物观察到的典型饥饿反应形成对比。这些发现有力地表明，S. grahami通过长期适应营养匮乏的环境而进化出了特殊的抗饥饿能力。此外，该研究还为揭示中华黄花属物种多样性的进化机制以及在洞穴生态系统和类似的少营养生境中生存的适应策略提供了重要的见解。

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引用次数: 0

Growth-promoting effects and molecular mechanisms of long-term fasting in red sea bream (Pagrus major) 长时间禁食对红鲷的促生长作用及分子机制研究

IF 3.7 2区农林科学 Q1 FISHERIES

Aquaculture Reports

Pub Date : 2025-10-16 DOI: 10.1016/j.aqrep.2025.103172

Yuki Otsu , Muhammad Fariz Zahir Ali , Chiemi Miura , Masatsugu Miura , Toru Shimizu , Takamori Matsumoto , Takeshi Miura

Improving productivity in red sea bream (Pagrus major) aquaculture remains a key challenge, with optimized feeding strategies playing a critical role in reducing costs and promoting environmental sustainability. This study examined the effects of a three-week fasting period followed by resumed feeding on growth performance and metabolism in a commercial aquaculture setting. After feeding resumed, the previously fasted group exhibited accelerated growth and achieved final body weights equal to or greater than those of the control group (p = 0.035). Additionally, an improved feed conversion ratio was observed, suggesting that fasting may enhance feed efficiency. To elucidate the molecular mechanisms underlying compensatory growth, gene expression in liver and muscle tissues was analyzed. Gene Ontology analysis revealed significant enrichment of the insulin-like growth factor (IGF) receptor signaling pathway in the liver of fish subjected to fasting, indicating that elevated IGF signaling may have contributed to post-fasting growth acceleration. These findings suggest that strategic long-term fasting could be an effective feeding management approach to enhance growth performance and feed efficiency, thereby improving aquaculture productivity.

提高红鲷鱼（Pagrus major）水产养殖的生产力仍然是一个关键挑战，优化饲养策略在降低成本和促进环境可持续性方面发挥着关键作用。本研究考察了在商业水产养殖环境中禁食三周后恢复摄食对生长性能和代谢的影响。恢复饲喂后，先前禁食组的生长速度加快，最终体重等于或大于对照组（p = 0.035）。此外，还观察到饲料转化率的提高，表明禁食可以提高饲料效率。为了阐明代偿性生长的分子机制，我们分析了肝脏和肌肉组织中的基因表达。基因本体分析显示，禁食鱼肝脏中胰岛素样生长因子（IGF）受体信号通路显著富集，表明IGF信号通路升高可能促进了禁食后的生长加速。上述结果提示，战略性长期禁食可能是一种有效的饲养管理方法，可提高生长性能和饲料效率，从而提高水产养殖生产力。

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引用次数: 0

Valine-curcumin complex improves bioavailability and disease resistance in juvenile largemouth bass 缬氨酸-姜黄素复合物提高大口黑鲈幼鱼的生物利用度和抗病能力

IF 3.7 2区农林科学 Q1 FISHERIES

Aquaculture Reports

Pub Date : 2025-10-16 DOI: 10.1016/j.aqrep.2025.103176

Jing Ni , Mao Lin , Ruifang Wang , Ying Ma , Hejian Xiong

Curcumin (Cur) is a polyphenolic compound with pharmacological properties, including anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and anticancer activities. However, its low solubility and poor stability limit its absorption in vivo. Our laboratory previously synthesized a highly water-soluble valine-curcumin (Val-Cur), increasing its solubility by approximately 9000 times. In this study, based on the evaluation of the antibacterial ability of Val-Cur against three common aquatic pathogens (Aeromonas hydrophila, Edwardsiella tarda, and Aeromonas veronii), Val-Cur was added to the feed of juvenile largemouth bass, and for the first time, HPLC was used for Val-Cur detection in vivo; additionally, its pharmacokinetics and effects on disease resistance in fish were investigated. Following a single oral dose (10 mg/kg) of Cur or Val-Cur to largemouth bass, the drug concentration in blood exceeded that in the liver and muscle within 48 h. Compared with Cur, Val-Cur exhibited a delayed peak time in blood, a higher peak concentration (C_max = 4.404 μg/mL), a 149 % increase in retention time, and a total drug clearance of 0.005 L·(h·kg)⁻¹ (a 20.4-fold decrease). In the liver and muscle, Val-Cur showed a peak concentration (C_max) 9–10 times higher than Cur, with a 74 %-103 % increase in retention duration and a 15- to 16-fold decrease in clearance. Fecal analysis revealed that Cur excretion was more than five times that of Val-Cur excretion. Compared to those that fed the basal diet (CK) or the diet supplemented with 60 mg/kg curcumin (Cur), the survival rate of largemouth bass infected with Aeromonas hydrophila was significantly higher in the group that fed a diet supplemented with 60 mg/kg Val-Cur. Additionally, the Val-Cur-supplemented diet better preserved the integrity of the intestinal tissue structure. This study provides a valuable theoretical foundation for elucidating the mechanisms of Val-Cur and supports the application of water-soluble curcumin in aquaculture.

姜黄素是一种多酚类化合物，具有抗炎、抗氧化、抗癌等药理作用。但其溶解度低，稳定性差，限制了其在体内的吸收。我们实验室之前合成了一种高水溶性缬氨酸-姜黄素（Val-Cur），其溶解度提高了约9000倍。本研究在评价Val-Cur对3种常见水生病原菌（嗜水气单胞菌、慢爱德华菌和韦氏气单胞菌）抑菌能力的基础上，将Val-Cur添加到大口黑鲈幼鱼饲料中，并首次采用高效液相色谱法对Val-Cur进行体内检测；此外，还研究了其在鱼类体内的药代动力学和抗病作用。给大口黑鲈单次口服（10 mg/kg） Cur或Val-Cur， 48 h内血液中的药物浓度超过肝脏和肌肉中的药物浓度。与Cur相比，Val-Cur在血中峰时间延迟，峰浓度更高（Cmax = 4.404 μg/mL），滞留时间增加149 %，总药物清除率为0.005 L·（h·kg）−1（降低20.4倍）。在肝脏和肌肉中，Val-Cur的峰值浓度（Cmax）比Cur高9-10倍，滞留时间增加74 %-103 %，清除率减少15- 16倍。粪便分析显示，粪尿量是Val-Cur的5倍多。与基础饲粮（CK）和添加60 mg/kg姜黄素（Cur）组相比，添加60 mg/kg Val-Cur组感染嗜水气单胞菌的大口黑鲈存活率显著提高。此外，添加缬氨酸钙的饮食更好地保存了肠道组织结构的完整性。本研究为阐明Val-Cur的作用机制提供了有价值的理论基础，并为水溶性姜黄素在水产养殖中的应用提供了支持。

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引用次数: 0

Evaluation of the use of whole guava (Psidium guajava) meal replacing wheat bran for Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) diets: Digestibility, growth, hematobiochemical, and intestinal histology 尼罗罗非鱼（Oreochromis niloticus）饲料中使用全番石榴（Psidium guajava）粉代替麦麸的评价：消化率、生长、血液生化和肠道组织学

IF 3.7 2区农林科学 Q1 FISHERIES

Aquaculture Reports

Pub Date : 2025-10-14 DOI: 10.1016/j.aqrep.2025.103170

Seldon Almeida De Souza , Carlos Eduardo Copatti , Samantha Chung , Anderson Miranda De Souza , Renilde Cordeiro De Souza , Vanessa Raquel Pinto de Barros , José Fernando Bibiano Melo , Luiz Vítor Oliveira Vidal

Wheat (Triticum aestivum) is a product widely used in fish feed and can have a high market value, and cheaper ingredients, such as fruit residues, have been researched as alternatives. This study aimed to investigate how whole guava (Psidium guajava) meal (WGM) as a substitute for wheat bran (WB) could affect juvenile Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) digestibility, intestinal histology, and growth, hematology, and biochemical (plasma and liver) parameters. The first experiment evaluated the apparent digestibility coefficients (ADC) (crude protein, crude energy, and dry matter) of the test diet (70 % reference diet plus 30 % WGM). Fish (n = 60) were allocated to these two treatments (in triplicate). In the second experiment, fish (n = 300) were distributed in five treatments (in quadruplicate) and were fed for 45 days with graded levels of WGM replacing WB in diets: 0 (control), 50, 100, 150, and 200 g kg⁻¹. The ADC of WGM was 60 %. As the level of WB replacement by WGM increased, the fish reduced the weight gain, intestinal villus height, hemoglobin, and hepatic aspartate aminotransferase (AST) activity and increased the feed conversion ratio and plasma AST activity. With 200 g kg⁻¹ of substitution of WB by WGM, simple columnar epithelium showed an intense reaction on the cell surface. In conclusion, replacing 50 g kg⁻¹ of WB with WGM is suggested for manufacturing practical diets for Nile tilapia.

小麦（Triticum aestivum）是一种广泛用于鱼饲料的产品，具有很高的市场价值，并且已经研究了水果残留物等更便宜的成分作为替代品。本试验旨在研究全番石榴粕（Psidium guajava）替代麦麸（WB）对尼罗罗非鱼幼鱼（Oreochromis niloticus）消化率、肠道组织学、生长、血清学和生化（血浆和肝脏）参数的影响。第一个试验评估试验饲粮（70% %参考饲粮+ 30% % WGM）的表观消化系数（粗蛋白质、粗能和干物质）。鱼（n = 60）被分配到这两个处理（3个重复）。在第二个试验中，将鱼（n = 300尾）分为5个处理（4个重复），分别饲喂45 d，饲料中WGM替代WB的水平分别为：0（对照）、50、100、150和200 g kg−1。WGM的ADC为60 %。随着WGM替代WB水平的提高，鱼体增重、肠绒毛高度、血红蛋白和肝脏天冬氨酸转氨酶（AST）活性降低，饲料转化率和血浆AST活性升高。当WGM代入200 g kg−1的WB时，单柱状上皮细胞表面出现强烈反应。综上所述，建议用粗脂肪代替50 g kg−1的粗脂肪来生产尼罗罗非鱼的实用饲料。

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引用次数: 0

The effects of acute capture stress duration on survival, gill histomorphology, osmoregulation, antioxidant capacity and non-specific immunity of juvenile red swamp crayfish, Procambarus clarkii 急性捕获胁迫时间对克氏原螯虾幼虾存活、鳃组织形态、渗透调节、抗氧化能力和非特异性免疫的影响

IF 3.7 2区农林科学 Q1 FISHERIES

Aquaculture Reports

Pub Date : 2025-10-14 DOI: 10.1016/j.aqrep.2025.103166

Kuan Rong , Lirong Qin , Dengge Xu , Tanglin Zhang , Jiashou Liu , Wei Li

Fingerling harvesting is a crucial stage in red swamp crayfish Procambarus clarkii farming, but the process often subjects the fingerlings to stress. The study was conducted to evaluate the effects of acute capture stress on survival, gill histomorphology, physiological state of juvenile P. clarkii. For this purpose, a total of 1200 juvenile crayfish were divided into 15 cage nets evenly to exposure to acute capture stress for 0 h; 6 h; 12 h; 18 h; 24 h. Following that, 120 live crayfish were randomly chosen from each treatment group and distributed equally into three enclosures for a week. The results are as follows. The stump rate and mortality rate gradually increase with longer capture stress periods, reaching, respectively, 2.81 % and 10 %, when the stress is 24 h long. Meanwhile, as indicated by increased respiratory epithelial cells shed and damage to the gill structure over time under acute capture stress, juvenile crayfish have altered gill histomorphology. And acute capture stress mostly affected osmoregulation in the gill, where Na⁺ /K⁺-ATPase (NKA) activity increased with increasing stress duration. We discovered that mortality rate was substantially linked with the activity of NKA in both tissues and gill LYS activity. Additionally, the juvenile crayfish under capture stress displayed a general trend of increasing and subsequently decreasing antioxidant parameters and non-specific immunity enzyme activities in gill and hepatopancreas. The post-release survival rate (PRS) of juvenile crayfish decreased as the duration of stress increases. In conclusion, acute capture stress will degrade the physical condition, the physiological status of juvenile crayfish and reduces their likelihood of surviving after release.

收获鱼种是红色沼泽小龙虾克氏原螯虾养殖的关键阶段，但这个过程往往使鱼种受到压力。本研究旨在探讨急性捕获应激对克氏p.c clarkii幼鱼存活、鳃组织形态及生理状态的影响。为此，将1200只小龙虾幼虾平均分成15个笼网，暴露于急性捕获应激0 h；6 h;12 h;18 h;24 h。然后，从每个处理组中随机抽取120只活小龙虾，平均分配到三个围栏中，为期一周。结果如下：随着捕获胁迫时间的延长，残株率和死亡率逐渐增加，当胁迫时间为24 h时，残株率和死亡率分别达到2.81 %和10 %。同时，在急性捕获应激下，随着时间的推移，呼吸道上皮细胞脱落增加，鳃结构受损，表明稚虾的鳃组织形态发生了改变。急性捕获胁迫主要影响鳃的渗透调节，Na+ /K+- atp酶（NKA）活性随着胁迫时间的延长而升高。我们发现死亡率与组织中NKA的活性和鳃LYS的活性有很大的关系。此外，捕获应激下小龙虾幼虾鳃和肝胰脏抗氧化参数和非特异性免疫酶活性均呈现先升高后降低的趋势。小龙虾幼虾的释放后存活率随应激时间的延长而降低。综上所述，急性捕获应激会降低小龙虾幼虾的身体状况和生理状态，降低其放生后的存活率。

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引用次数: 0