Pub Date : 2026-01-31DOI: 10.1016/j.aqrep.2026.103412
Runlin Lei , Qiyuan Zhang , Haiying Liang , Chaojie Li
Pinctada fucata martensii is the main mollusk species used for pearl production in China, with nucleus insertion being the most crucial step in the pearl production process. Although rhamnose-binding lectin (RBL) is known to contribute to antibacterial immunity in this species, its specific role in transplantation immunity remains unclear. To address this knowledge gap, the present study combined transcriptomic profiling with functional validation to systematically investigate RBL's immunoregulatory mechanisms. We performed transcriptome analysis after nucleus insertion and RBL interference, as well as aquaculture trials in which oysters received RBL injections after nucleus implantation. Gill tissues were then subjected to functional assays. The results demonstrated that RBL injection significantly enhanced both survival and pearl retention rates. Transcriptome analysis revealed that differentially expressed genes were primarily enriched in redox processes, small molecule metabolism, and catalytic activity, with significant pathway enrichment in metabolic pathways, peroxisome function, and signal transduction. Furthermore, RBL up-regulated key immune factors in the NF-κB pathway (IRAK1, TRAF3, IKK, and IL-17), suppressed specific antioxidant enzymes, enhanced lysozyme activity, and increased apoptotic cell counts. These findings advance previous research by demonstrating that RBL modulates transplantation immunity through a dual mechanism: activating the NF-κB signaling pathway while simultaneously fine-tuning oxidative stress responses. Collectively, these findings provide crucial insights into the molecular mechanisms through which RBL regulates transplantation immunity.
{"title":"Role of rhamnose-binding lectin in transplantation immunity of Pinctada fucata martensii","authors":"Runlin Lei , Qiyuan Zhang , Haiying Liang , Chaojie Li","doi":"10.1016/j.aqrep.2026.103412","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aqrep.2026.103412","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><em>Pinctada fucata martensii</em> is the main mollusk species used for pearl production in China, with nucleus insertion being the most crucial step in the pearl production process. Although rhamnose-binding lectin (RBL) is known to contribute to antibacterial immunity in this species, its specific role in transplantation immunity remains unclear. To address this knowledge gap, the present study combined transcriptomic profiling with functional validation to systematically investigate RBL's immunoregulatory mechanisms. We performed transcriptome analysis after nucleus insertion and RBL interference, as well as aquaculture trials in which oysters received RBL injections after nucleus implantation. Gill tissues were then subjected to functional assays. The results demonstrated that RBL injection significantly enhanced both survival and pearl retention rates. Transcriptome analysis revealed that differentially expressed genes were primarily enriched in redox processes, small molecule metabolism, and catalytic activity, with significant pathway enrichment in metabolic pathways, peroxisome function, and signal transduction. Furthermore, RBL up-regulated key immune factors in the NF-κB pathway (<em>IRAK1</em>, <em>TRAF3</em>, <em>IKK</em>, and <em>IL-17</em>), suppressed specific antioxidant enzymes, enhanced lysozyme activity, and increased apoptotic cell counts. These findings advance previous research by demonstrating that RBL modulates transplantation immunity through a dual mechanism: activating the NF-κB signaling pathway while simultaneously fine-tuning oxidative stress responses. Collectively, these findings provide crucial insights into the molecular mechanisms through which RBL regulates transplantation immunity.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8103,"journal":{"name":"Aquaculture Reports","volume":"47 ","pages":"Article 103412"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2026-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146090849","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-30DOI: 10.1016/j.aqrep.2026.103386
Negar Mohammadi, Houman Rajabi Islami , Mehdi Shamsaie Mehrgan
An eight-week feeding trial examined the effects of replacing fishmeal with earthworm protein hydrolysate (EPH) from Eisenia fetida on rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). The fishmeal in a basal diet (43.29 % crude protein and 9.48 % crude lipid) was replaced with earthworm protein hydrolysate (EPH) at four levels of 5 % (EPH5), 10 % (EPH10), 15 % (EPH15), 25 % (EPH25), and earthworm protein at a level of 25 % (EP25). Each experimental diet was allocated to a triplicate group of fish (initial body weight of 5.00 ± 0.10 g) in a flow-through system for eight weeks. At the end of the feeding trial, no significant differences in final body weight, weight gain ratio, average daily gain, specific growth rate, or feed conversion ratio were detected between the fish fed diets supplemented with different levels of EPH and those fed the basal diet (p > 0.05). In contrast, the fish fed the EP25 had significantly lower final body weight, weight gain ratio, and specific growth rate as well as higher feed conversion ratio than those fed EPH5 and EPH10 supplemented diets (p < 0.05). Proximate analysis revealed no significant differences in the moisture content, crude protein content, crude lipid content, ash content, phosphorus level, or gross energy of the fish between the dietary groups (p > 0.05). The amino acid analysis revealed no significant variation in total essential amino acids among the experimental treatments (p > 0.05). However, methionine and alanine levels were lower in fish fed the EPH5 diet than those fed diets supplemented with higher levels of EPH (p < 0.05). The activity of digestive enzymes significantly improved with increasing EPH supplementation, with trypsin activity peaking in the EPH15 diet. Histomorphological evaluations revealed greater muscle thickness and villus height in the fish fed the EPH supplemented diets compared to those fed the EP0 and EP25 diets. Gene expression analysis showed significant increases in the mRNA levels of growth hormone and insulin-like growth factor in the fish fed the EPH supplemented diets compared with those in the fish fed the basal diet (p < 0.05). The findings of the present study illustrated that EPH has no adverse effect on the experimental variables compared with fishmeal, indicating its appropriate potential to be used as a viable alternative protein source in the diet of rainbow trout. While substitution of EPH up to 25 % can be effectively utilized to compensate for fishmeal shortages, 10 % EPH substitution is recommended for achieving the best performance and physiological responses in rainbow trout.
{"title":"Hydrolyzed earthworm protein as a fishmeal substitute in rainbow trout diet: Effects on growth, nutrient utilization, digestive physiology, intestinal morphology, and growth-related gene expression","authors":"Negar Mohammadi, Houman Rajabi Islami , Mehdi Shamsaie Mehrgan","doi":"10.1016/j.aqrep.2026.103386","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aqrep.2026.103386","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>An eight-week feeding trial examined the effects of replacing fishmeal with earthworm protein hydrolysate (EPH) from <em>Eisenia fetida</em> on rainbow trout (<em>Oncorhynchus mykiss</em>). The fishmeal in a basal diet (43.29 % crude protein and 9.48 % crude lipid) was replaced with earthworm protein hydrolysate (EPH) at four levels of 5 % (EPH<sub>5</sub>), 10 % (EPH<sub>10</sub>), 15 % (EPH<sub>15</sub>), 25 % (EPH<sub>25</sub>), and earthworm protein at a level of 25 % (EP<sub>25</sub>). Each experimental diet was allocated to a triplicate group of fish (initial body weight of 5.00 ± 0.10 g) in a flow-through system for eight weeks. At the end of the feeding trial, no significant differences in final body weight, weight gain ratio, average daily gain, specific growth rate, or feed conversion ratio were detected between the fish fed diets supplemented with different levels of EPH and those fed the basal diet (p > 0.05). In contrast, the fish fed the EP<sub>25</sub> had significantly lower final body weight, weight gain ratio, and specific growth rate as well as higher feed conversion ratio than those fed EPH<sub>5</sub> and EPH<sub>10</sub> supplemented diets (p < 0.05). Proximate analysis revealed no significant differences in the moisture content, crude protein content, crude lipid content, ash content, phosphorus level, or gross energy of the fish between the dietary groups (p > 0.05). The amino acid analysis revealed no significant variation in total essential amino acids among the experimental treatments (p > 0.05). However, methionine and alanine levels were lower in fish fed the EPH<sub>5</sub> diet than those fed diets supplemented with higher levels of EPH (p < 0.05). The activity of digestive enzymes significantly improved with increasing EPH supplementation, with trypsin activity peaking in the EPH<sub>15</sub> diet. Histomorphological evaluations revealed greater muscle thickness and villus height in the fish fed the EPH supplemented diets compared to those fed the EP<sub>0</sub> and EP<sub>25</sub> diets. Gene expression analysis showed significant increases in the mRNA levels of growth hormone and insulin-like growth factor in the fish fed the EPH supplemented diets compared with those in the fish fed the basal diet (p < 0.05). The findings of the present study illustrated that EPH has no adverse effect on the experimental variables compared with fishmeal, indicating its appropriate potential to be used as a viable alternative protein source in the diet of rainbow trout. While substitution of EPH up to 25 % can be effectively utilized to compensate for fishmeal shortages, 10 % EPH substitution is recommended for achieving the best performance and physiological responses in rainbow trout.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8103,"journal":{"name":"Aquaculture Reports","volume":"47 ","pages":"Article 103386"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2026-01-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146090850","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-09DOI: 10.1016/j.aqrep.2026.103375
Majid Khanzadeh , Seyed Hossein Hoseinifar , Mohammad Mazandarani , Roghieh Safari , Valiollah Jafari , Hein Van Doan
This research explores the impacts of Plantago major leaf extract on various parameters related to growth, blood, gene expression, serum, and mucosal immunity in juvenile rainbow trout over a period of 60 days. A total of 180 triploid Oncorhynchus mykiss, averaging 10.62 ± 1.06 g, were distributed among feeding treatments containing different concentrations of Plantago major (PM) leaf extract: 0 g kg⁻¹ (control), 1, 5, and 10 g kg⁻¹ . In comparison to the control group (CG), the administration of PM notably raised final weight (5 g kg−1) and weight gain at 1 and 5 g kg−1 (P < 0.05). However, it did not affect the survival rate or feed conversion ratio (P > 0.05). Following the administration of PM, blood and biochemical parameters remained similar to the CG, except for significantly reduced aspartate aminotransferase levels at all doses and decreased cortisol levels at 5 and 10 g kg−1 (P < 0.05). Total serum immunoglobulin levels increased across all treatment groups, while serum lysozyme levels were elevated in most groups, except the 1 g kg−1 group (P < 0.05). The PM 5 g kg−1 group revealed the highest serum peroxidase and nitric oxide activities (1 and 5 g kg−1) (P < 0.05). In mucus, the 5 g kg−1 group showed notable increases in immunoglobulin, lysozyme, and nitric oxide activities compared to controls, alongside elevated protease activities across all treatments (P < 0.05). Additionally, mucus IgM levels rose in the 5 and 10 g kg−1 PM groups (P < 0.05). Administering PM at 5 g kg−1 notably increased serum CAT and SOD activities (P < 0.05). Mucus CAT levels rose in the 5 and 10 g kg−1 groups, while SOD increased in the 5 g kg−1 group (P < 0.05). The PM 5 g kg−1 group exhibited elevated mmp9, lyz, col1α1, tn-c, fgf2, and tgfb3 compared to controls and lower doses, while PM 10 g kg−1 increased LYZ and tn-c (P < 0.05). gal-3 expression showed no changes (P > 0.05). These results suggest that PM leaf extract enhances growth performance, serum and mucosal immune responses, skin gene expression, and antioxidant capacity in O. mykiss, with the 5 g kg−1 group exhibiting the most pronounced effects.
本研究探讨车前草大叶提取物对虹鳟鱼幼鱼生长、血液、基因表达、血清和黏膜免疫等各项参数的影响，为期60天。共有180个三倍体雄mykiss,平均10.62 ±1.06 g,分布在喂食含有不同浓度的治疗Plantago主要(PM)叶提取物:0 g 公斤⁻¹ (控制),1、5、10 g 公斤⁻¹ 。与对照组（CG）相比，添加PM显著提高了末重（5 g kg−1）和增重（P <； 0.05）。但对成活率和饲料系数无显著影响（P >； 0.05）。在给药PM后，血液和生化参数与CG相似，除了在所有剂量下显著降低天冬氨酸转氨酶水平和在5和10 g kg−1时降低皮质醇水平（P <； 0.05）。所有治疗组血清总免疫球蛋白水平均升高，除1 g kg−1组外，大多数组血清溶菌酶水平均升高（P <； 0.05）。PM 5 g kg−1组血清过氧化物酶和一氧化氮活性最高（1和5 g kg−1）（P <； 0.05）。在黏液中，与对照组相比，5 g kg−1组的免疫球蛋白、溶菌酶和一氧化氮活性显著增加，所有治疗组的蛋白酶活性均升高（P <； 0.05）。此外，5和10 g kg−1 PM组粘液IgM水平升高（P <； 0.05）。给药剂量为5 g kg−1的PM显著提高血清CAT和SOD活性（P <； 0.05）。5和10 g kg−1组粘液CAT水平升高，5 g kg−1组SOD水平升高（P <； 0.05）。与对照组和低剂量组相比，pm5 g kg−1组mmp9、lyz、col1α1、tn-c、fgf2和tgfb3升高，而pm10 g kg−1组lyz和tn-c升高（P <； 0.05）。gal-3表达无明显变化（P >； 0.05）。上述结果表明，PM叶提取物提高了O. mykiss的生长性能、血清和粘膜免疫反应、皮肤基因表达和抗氧化能力，其中5 g kg−1组的效果最为显著。
{"title":"Effects of Plantago major leaf extract on growth, serum and mucosal immunity responses, and skin-related gene expression in triploid juvenile rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)","authors":"Majid Khanzadeh , Seyed Hossein Hoseinifar , Mohammad Mazandarani , Roghieh Safari , Valiollah Jafari , Hein Van Doan","doi":"10.1016/j.aqrep.2026.103375","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aqrep.2026.103375","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This research explores the impacts of <em>Plantago major</em> leaf extract on various parameters related to growth, blood, gene expression, serum, and mucosal immunity in juvenile rainbow trout over a period of 60 days. A total of 180 triploid <em>Oncorhynchus mykiss</em>, averaging 10.62 ± 1.06 g, were distributed among feeding treatments containing different concentrations of <em>Plantago major</em> (PM) leaf extract: 0 g kg⁻¹ (control), 1, 5, and 10 g kg⁻¹ . In comparison to the control group (CG), the administration of PM notably raised final weight (5 g kg<sup>−1</sup>) and weight gain at 1 and 5 g kg<sup>−1</sup> (<em>P</em> < 0.05). However, it did not affect the survival rate or feed conversion ratio (<em>P</em> > 0.05). Following the administration of PM, blood and biochemical parameters remained similar to the CG, except for significantly reduced aspartate aminotransferase levels at all doses and decreased cortisol levels at 5 and 10 g kg<sup>−1</sup> (<em>P</em> < 0.05). Total serum immunoglobulin levels increased across all treatment groups, while serum lysozyme levels were elevated in most groups, except the 1 g kg<sup>−1</sup> group (<em>P</em> < 0.05). The PM 5 g kg<sup>−1</sup> group revealed the highest serum peroxidase and nitric oxide activities (1 and 5 g kg<sup>−1</sup>) (<em>P</em> < 0.05). In mucus, the 5 g kg<sup>−1</sup> group showed notable increases in immunoglobulin, lysozyme, and nitric oxide activities compared to controls, alongside elevated protease activities across all treatments (<em>P</em> < 0.05). Additionally, mucus IgM levels rose in the 5 and 10 g kg<sup>−1</sup> PM groups (<em>P</em> < 0.05). Administering PM at 5 g kg<sup>−1</sup> notably increased serum CAT and SOD activities (<em>P</em> < 0.05). Mucus CAT levels rose in the 5 and 10 g kg<sup>−1</sup> groups, while SOD increased in the 5 g kg<sup>−1</sup> group (<em>P</em> < 0.05). The PM 5 g kg<sup>−1</sup> group exhibited elevated <em>mmp9</em>, <em>lyz</em>, <em>col1α1</em>, <em>tn-c</em>, <em>fgf2</em>, and <em>tgfb3</em> compared to controls and lower doses, while PM 10 g kg<sup>−1</sup> increased <em>LYZ</em> and <em>tn-c</em> (<em>P</em> < 0.05). <em>gal-3</em> expression showed no changes (<em>P</em> > 0.05). These results suggest that PM leaf extract enhances growth performance, serum and mucosal immune responses, skin gene expression, and antioxidant capacity in <em>O. mykiss</em>, with the 5 g kg<sup>−1</sup> group exhibiting the most pronounced effects.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8103,"journal":{"name":"Aquaculture Reports","volume":"46 ","pages":"Article 103375"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2026-01-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145972975","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-08DOI: 10.1016/j.aqrep.2026.103369
Christos Palaiokostas, Martin Johnsson
SNP arrays are indispensable tools for integrating genomic information into breeding programs. A SNP array for Nordic Arctic charr (Salvelinus alpinus) containing approximately 600,000 SNPs was developed from variants detected in Swedish, Norwegian and Icelandic farmed populations. In the current study, an in-depth analysis of the genetic diversity status of the Swedish population was conducted using high-quality SNPs. Animals from three non-overlapping year classes were genotyped (n = 382). Following quality control 169,873 SNPs were retained for downstream analysis. A principal components analysis (PCA) did not reveal any underlying genetic structure, in agreement with the background information of this population. A linkage disequilibrium (LD) decay analysis indicated a strong to moderate LD up to a physical distance of 300 kbp. In parallel, the LD estimates were used to estimate the effective population size (Ne), which declined from 260 (15 generations ago) to approximately 20 over the last four generations. Furthermore, runs of homozygosity (ROH) were detected, and inbreeding coefficients were estimated based on them. The median values of the inbreeding coefficients for the three year classes ranged from 14.4 % to 15.9 %. Nevertheless, those inbreeding estimates were primarily based on short ROH (≤ 4Mbp), reflecting non-recent shared ancestry. The median inbreeding coefficients based on ROH longer than 4 Mbp, on the other hand, ranged between 8.3 % and 9.7 %. The produced SNP array is expected to be instrumental in the transition of the Nordic Arctic charr industry to the genomic era, allowing, among other things, for a more efficient management of the genetic diversity of captive populations.
{"title":"A high-density SNP array tailored for selectively bred Arctic charr (Salvelinus alpinus)","authors":"Christos Palaiokostas, Martin Johnsson","doi":"10.1016/j.aqrep.2026.103369","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aqrep.2026.103369","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>SNP arrays are indispensable tools for integrating genomic information into breeding programs. A SNP array for Nordic Arctic charr (<em>Salvelinus alpinus</em>) containing approximately 600,000 SNPs was developed from variants detected in Swedish, Norwegian and Icelandic farmed populations. In the current study, an in-depth analysis of the genetic diversity status of the Swedish population was conducted using high-quality SNPs. Animals from three non-overlapping year classes were genotyped (n = 382). Following quality control 169,873 SNPs were retained for downstream analysis. A principal components analysis (PCA) did not reveal any underlying genetic structure, in agreement with the background information of this population. A linkage disequilibrium (LD) decay analysis indicated a strong to moderate LD up to a physical distance of 300 kbp. In parallel, the LD estimates were used to estimate the effective population size (Ne), which declined from 260 (15 generations ago) to approximately 20 over the last four generations. Furthermore, runs of homozygosity (ROH) were detected, and inbreeding coefficients were estimated based on them. The median values of the inbreeding coefficients for the three year classes ranged from 14.4 % to 15.9 %. Nevertheless, those inbreeding estimates were primarily based on short ROH (≤ 4Mbp), reflecting non-recent shared ancestry. The median inbreeding coefficients based on ROH longer than 4 Mbp, on the other hand, ranged between 8.3 % and 9.7 %. The produced SNP array is expected to be instrumental in the transition of the Nordic Arctic charr industry to the genomic era, allowing, among other things, for a more efficient management of the genetic diversity of captive populations.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8103,"journal":{"name":"Aquaculture Reports","volume":"46 ","pages":"Article 103369"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2026-01-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145972973","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-08DOI: 10.1016/j.aqrep.2026.103366
Min Li , Ying Guan , Min Xue , Wenhao Zhou , Jie Wang , Hao Wang , Yaping Zhu , Xiaofang Liang
As a complex compound, yeast culture provides not only abundant proteins and amino acids, but also immunologically active components such as β-glucan, nucleotides, and mannose oligosaccharides. This study aimed to investigate the effects of dietary supplementation with yeast culture on the growth performance, metabolism, and hepatointestinal health of largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides). Juvenile largemouth bass (initial body weight: 31.39 ± 0.05 g, n = 120) were randomly divided into two groups and reared for 65 days: a control group (Con) and supplemented with 3 % yeast culture on the basis of control group (YC). The results showed that although yeast culture supplementation did not significantly affect growth performance (P > 0.05), it significantly reduced the feed conversion ratio (FCR) and increased the productive protein value (PPV) (P < 0.05), indicating improved economic benefits. Fish fed YC diet enhanced the fasting glycolysis, gluconeogenesis, key lipolytic enzymes, and the basal energy metabolism (P < 0.05), which contributed to the protection of the liver from lipid accumulation. Additionally, addition of yeast culture reduced inflammatory infiltrated intestines and downregulated the expression of HIF1α and IL-10 (P < 0.05). It also promoted intestinal health by reducing the abundance of harmful bacteria and increasing beneficial microbes. In conclusion, yeast culture improves hepatointestinal health by modulating glucose and lipid metabolism, as well as optimizing the gut microbiota composition, leading to enhanced feed utilization and economic benefits.
{"title":"Dietary yeast culture supplementation enhances feed utilization in largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides) via promotion of metabolic homeostasis and hepatointestinal health","authors":"Min Li , Ying Guan , Min Xue , Wenhao Zhou , Jie Wang , Hao Wang , Yaping Zhu , Xiaofang Liang","doi":"10.1016/j.aqrep.2026.103366","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aqrep.2026.103366","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>As a complex compound, yeast culture provides not only abundant proteins and amino acids, but also immunologically active components such as β-glucan, nucleotides, and mannose oligosaccharides. This study aimed to investigate the effects of dietary supplementation with yeast culture on the growth performance, metabolism, and hepatointestinal health of largemouth bass (<em>Micropterus salmoides</em>). Juvenile largemouth bass (initial body weight: 31.39 ± 0.05 g, n = 120) were randomly divided into two groups and reared for 65 days: a control group (Con) and supplemented with 3 % yeast culture on the basis of control group (YC). The results showed that although yeast culture supplementation did not significantly affect growth performance (<em>P</em> > 0.05), it significantly reduced the feed conversion ratio (FCR) and increased the productive protein value (PPV) (<em>P</em> < 0.05), indicating improved economic benefits. Fish fed YC diet enhanced the fasting glycolysis, gluconeogenesis, key lipolytic enzymes, and the basal energy metabolism (<em>P</em> < 0.05), which contributed to the protection of the liver from lipid accumulation. Additionally, addition of yeast culture reduced inflammatory infiltrated intestines and downregulated the expression of HIF1α and IL-10 (<em>P</em> < 0.05). It also promoted intestinal health by reducing the abundance of harmful bacteria and increasing beneficial microbes. In conclusion, yeast culture improves hepatointestinal health by modulating glucose and lipid metabolism, as well as optimizing the gut microbiota composition, leading to enhanced feed utilization and economic benefits.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8103,"journal":{"name":"Aquaculture Reports","volume":"46 ","pages":"Article 103366"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2026-01-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145972974","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-08DOI: 10.1016/j.aqrep.2026.103372
Hwa Yong Oh , Tae Hoon Lee , Da Ye Kang , Young Wook Kim , Do-Hyun Kwon , Bo Seong Gu , Chan-Hyeon Ahn , Hyun-Soo Kim , Ki Wook Lee , Jin Choi , Hee Sung Kim , Seung Hyeon Kim
This study evaluated the effects of replacing fish meal (FM) with stalked sea squirt (Styela clava) tunic (TSC) on growth performance, health status, and skin pigmentation in juvenile red sea bream (Pagrus major). Five isonitrogenous and isolipidic diets were formulated, with TSC replacing FM at 0 % (TSC0), 5 % (TSC5), 10 % (TSC10), 15 % (TSC15), and 20 % (TSC20). After an 8-week feeding trial, TSC inclusion up to 10 % did not adversely affect growth, whereas TSC15 and TSC20 significantly reduced weight gain and feed efficiency. Immune response indicators, including lysozyme activity, immunoglobulin M, and interleukin-1, exhibited a linear decline with increasing dietary TSC levels (P < 0.05), suggesting potential immunosuppressive effects at higher inclusion rates. Skin color analysis revealed linear increases in redness (a*) and yellowness (b*) with higher dietary TSC levels. TSC15 significantly enhanced cranial skin a* and b* values compared to TSC0, although differences from TSC5, TSC10, and TSC20 were not significant. These results indicate that TSC can replace up to 10 % of FM in juvenile P. major diets without compromising growth or health, while higher replacement levels enhance skin pigmentation but may entail trade-offs in immune function and nutritional performance.
{"title":"Effect of replacing fish meal with stalked sea squirt (Styela clava) tunic waste on growth performance, health status, and skin pigmentation in juvenile red sea bream (Pagrus major)","authors":"Hwa Yong Oh , Tae Hoon Lee , Da Ye Kang , Young Wook Kim , Do-Hyun Kwon , Bo Seong Gu , Chan-Hyeon Ahn , Hyun-Soo Kim , Ki Wook Lee , Jin Choi , Hee Sung Kim , Seung Hyeon Kim","doi":"10.1016/j.aqrep.2026.103372","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aqrep.2026.103372","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study evaluated the effects of replacing fish meal (FM) with stalked sea squirt (<em>Styela clava</em>) tunic (TSC) on growth performance, health status, and skin pigmentation in juvenile red sea bream (<em>Pagrus major</em>). Five isonitrogenous and isolipidic diets were formulated, with TSC replacing FM at 0 % (TSC0), 5 % (TSC5), 10 % (TSC10), 15 % (TSC15), and 20 % (TSC20). After an 8-week feeding trial, TSC inclusion up to 10 % did not adversely affect growth, whereas TSC15 and TSC20 significantly reduced weight gain and feed efficiency. Immune response indicators, including lysozyme activity, immunoglobulin M, and interleukin-1, exhibited a linear decline with increasing dietary TSC levels (<em>P</em> < 0.05), suggesting potential immunosuppressive effects at higher inclusion rates. Skin color analysis revealed linear increases in redness (a*) and yellowness (b*) with higher dietary TSC levels. TSC15 significantly enhanced cranial skin a* and b* values compared to TSC0, although differences from TSC5, TSC10, and TSC20 were not significant. These results indicate that TSC can replace up to 10 % of FM in juvenile <em>P. major</em> diets without compromising growth or health, while higher replacement levels enhance skin pigmentation but may entail trade-offs in immune function and nutritional performance.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8103,"journal":{"name":"Aquaculture Reports","volume":"46 ","pages":"Article 103372"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2026-01-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145972971","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-08DOI: 10.1016/j.aqrep.2025.103360
Ve Van Le, Matthew F. Gladfelter, Angelea P. Belfiore, Riley P. Buley, Edna G. Fernandez-Figueroa, Alan E. Wilson
Cyanobacteria threaten freshwater quality due to the production of nuisance secondary metabolites, such as the hepatotoxin microcystin. Chemical methods are commonly used to control harmful algal blooms (HABs) because they can reduce cyanobacterial abundance quickly. Nonetheless, a limited number of algaecides have been approved by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) to control HABs in food-fish aquaculture in five southern U.S. states. Although the EPA, via state registrations, has allowed fish farmers to use diuron (3-[3,4-dichlorophenyl]-1,1-dimethylurea) to manage cyanobacteria-induced off-flavor issues, few field studies have been performed to assess its efficacy to control cyanobacteria. Herein, we conducted a 21-day mesocosm experiment to evaluate the effectiveness of Karmex®DF (diuron, 11.49 µg L−1), along with two other commonly used algaecides, including Captain® (chelated copper, 0.4 mg L−1 as copper) and PAK®27 (sodium carbonate peroxyhydrate, 10 mg L−1 as hydrogen peroxide) in controlling a dense bloom of Microcystis. Captain® and PAK®27 significantly and rapidly decreased chlorophyll-a (CHL; measurement of all phytoplankton), phycocyanin (PC; measurement of cyanobacteria), and intracellular microcystin (measurement of toxic cyanobacteria). While PAK®27 and Captain® mesocosms had similar PC concentrations, the CHL concentration for PAK®27 was higher than that for Captain®, suggesting that Captain® suppresses phytoplankton more generally and effectively than PAK®27. Unexpectedly, phycocyanin concentrations significantly increased in the Karmex®DF mesocosms on day 3 but later declined to levels similar to the control. Overall, our study highlighted that although diuron is a widely used herbicide to control off-flavor in catfish aquaculture at a recommended concentration of 0.5 oz acre ft−1, it was not effective in removing Microcystis in a hypereutrophic system (∼CHL 49.43–82.72 µg L−1). Therefore, further studies are needed to investigate the potential factors that can influence the effectiveness of diuron in managing Microcystis blooms, as well as other toxigenic and off-flavor producing cyanobacterial taxa.
由于产生有害的次级代谢物，如肝毒素微囊藻毒素，蓝藻威胁淡水质量。化学方法通常用于控制有害藻华（HABs），因为它们可以迅速减少蓝藻的丰度。尽管如此，美国环境保护署（EPA）已经批准了数量有限的杀藻剂，以控制美国南部五个州食用鱼养殖中的有害藻华。尽管EPA通过州注册允许养鱼户使用双脲（3-[3,4-二氯苯基]-1,1-二甲基脲）来处理蓝藻引起的异味问题，但很少有实地研究评估其控制蓝藻的效果。在此，我们进行了一项为期21天的中生态实验，以评估Karmex®DF （diuron, 11.49 µg L−1）以及其他两种常用的杀藻剂，包括Captain®（螯合铜，0.4 mg L−1为铜）和PAK®27（过氧化碳酸钠，10 mg L−1为双氧水）在控制微囊藻高密度华的效果。Captain®和PAK®27显著和迅速降低叶绿素-a （CHL，所有浮游植物的测量），藻蓝蛋白（PC，蓝藻的测量）和细胞内微囊藻毒素（有毒蓝藻的测量）。PAK®27和Captain®中生态系统的PC浓度相似，但PAK®27的CHL浓度高于Captain®，表明Captain®对浮游植物的抑制作用比PAK®27更普遍、更有效。出乎意料的是，Karmex®DF中胚层的藻蓝蛋白浓度在第3天显著升高，但随后下降到与对照组相似的水平。总体而言，我们的研究强调，尽管在推荐浓度为0.5 oz acre ft - 1的情况下，迪乌隆是一种广泛使用的除草剂，用于控制鲶鱼养殖中的异味，但它在去除富营养化系统中的微囊藻（~ CHL 49.43-82.72 µg L - 1）方面并不有效。因此，需要进一步研究影响迪乌隆管理微囊藻华以及其他产毒和异味蓝藻分类群有效性的潜在因素。
{"title":"Diuron has no effect on the toxigenic cyanobacterium, Microcystis, relative to two other common algaecides: A field mesocosm experiment","authors":"Ve Van Le, Matthew F. Gladfelter, Angelea P. Belfiore, Riley P. Buley, Edna G. Fernandez-Figueroa, Alan E. Wilson","doi":"10.1016/j.aqrep.2025.103360","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aqrep.2025.103360","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Cyanobacteria threaten freshwater quality due to the production of nuisance secondary metabolites, such as the hepatotoxin microcystin. Chemical methods are commonly used to control harmful algal blooms (HABs) because they can reduce cyanobacterial abundance quickly. Nonetheless, a limited number of algaecides have been approved by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) to control HABs in food-fish aquaculture in five southern U.S. states. Although the EPA, via state registrations, has allowed fish farmers to use diuron (3-[3,4-dichlorophenyl]-1,1-dimethylurea) to manage cyanobacteria-induced off-flavor issues, few field studies have been performed to assess its efficacy to control cyanobacteria. Herein, we conducted a 21-day mesocosm experiment to evaluate the effectiveness of Karmex®DF (diuron, 11.49 µg L<sup>−1</sup>), along with two other commonly used algaecides, including Captain® (chelated copper, 0.4 mg L<sup>−1</sup> as copper) and PAK®27 (sodium carbonate peroxyhydrate, 10 mg L<sup>−1</sup> as hydrogen peroxide) in controlling a dense bloom of <em>Microcystis</em>. Captain® and PAK®27 significantly and rapidly decreased chlorophyll-<em>a</em> (CHL; measurement of all phytoplankton), phycocyanin (PC; measurement of cyanobacteria), and intracellular microcystin (measurement of toxic cyanobacteria). While PAK®27 and Captain® mesocosms had similar PC concentrations, the CHL concentration for PAK®27 was higher than that for Captain®, suggesting that Captain® suppresses phytoplankton more generally and effectively than PAK®27. Unexpectedly, phycocyanin concentrations significantly increased in the Karmex®DF mesocosms on day 3 but later declined to levels similar to the control. Overall, our study highlighted that although diuron is a widely used herbicide to control off-flavor in catfish aquaculture at a recommended concentration of 0.5 oz acre ft<sup>−1</sup>, it was not effective in removing <em>Microcystis</em> in a hypereutrophic system (∼CHL 49.43–82.72 µg L<sup>−1</sup>). Therefore, further studies are needed to investigate the potential factors that can influence the effectiveness of diuron in managing <em>Microcystis</em> blooms, as well as other toxigenic and off-flavor producing cyanobacterial taxa.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8103,"journal":{"name":"Aquaculture Reports","volume":"46 ","pages":"Article 103360"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2026-01-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145972972","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-07DOI: 10.1016/j.aqrep.2025.103353
Yin-Ze Shi , Andre Giovanni , Li-Wu Cheng , Pei-Chi Wang , Waraporn Kraitavin , Yu-Chi Lin , Shih-Chu Chen
This study investigated the effects of dietary supplementation with the herbal active form of vitamin D₃ (AcD; Phytobiotics Futterzusatzstoffe GmbH, Germany) on the growth performance, immune response, and disease resistance of giant grouper (Epinephelus lanceolatus). Fish were fed a commercial diet (control) or the same diet supplemented with 0.01 % AcD (AcD100) or 0.02 % AcD (AcD200) for eight weeks: After 8 weeks of feeding, various growth parameters (final weight, weight gain, and specific growth rate) showed an increasing trend with AcD concentration, with AcD200 treatment significantly improving growth performance and the feed conversion ratio. Both innate (lysozyme activity) and adaptive (immunoglobulin M expression) immune responses were upregulated in AcD-supplemented fish, particularly in the AcD200 treatment. The proinflammatory cytokines interferon-gamma and interleukin-1 beta increased in the AcD200 treatment, whereas the anti-inflammatory cytokine interleukin-10 was upregulated with high AcD supplementation and long feeding durations. Growth-related genes (insulin-like growth factor 1 and growth hormone) were also enhanced in AcD200 treatment. Although no significant differences in resistance to Streptococcus iniae infection were observed among treatments, AcD supplementation mitigated hepatic lipidosis and modulated inflammatory responses under pathogenic stress. In conclusion, dietary supplementation with 200 mg/kg AcD is a promising herbal feed additive for enhancing growth performance, modulating immune responses, and improving the overall health of giant grouper.
{"title":"Effect of the active form of vitamin D₃ on growth performance and immune-related gene expression in giant grouper (Epinephelus lanceolatus)","authors":"Yin-Ze Shi , Andre Giovanni , Li-Wu Cheng , Pei-Chi Wang , Waraporn Kraitavin , Yu-Chi Lin , Shih-Chu Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.aqrep.2025.103353","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aqrep.2025.103353","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study investigated the effects of dietary supplementation with the herbal active form of vitamin D₃ (AcD; Phytobiotics Futterzusatzstoffe GmbH, Germany) on the growth performance, immune response, and disease resistance of giant grouper (<em>Epinephelus lanceolatus</em>). Fish were fed a commercial diet (control) or the same diet supplemented with 0.01 % AcD (AcD100) or 0.02 % AcD (AcD200) for eight weeks: After 8 weeks of feeding, various growth parameters (final weight, weight gain, and specific growth rate) showed an increasing trend with AcD concentration, with AcD200 treatment significantly improving growth performance and the feed conversion ratio. Both innate (lysozyme activity) and adaptive (immunoglobulin M expression) immune responses were upregulated in AcD-supplemented fish, particularly in the AcD200 treatment. The proinflammatory cytokines interferon-gamma and interleukin-1 beta increased in the AcD200 treatment, whereas the anti-inflammatory cytokine interleukin-10 was upregulated with high AcD supplementation and long feeding durations. Growth-related genes (insulin-like growth factor 1 and growth hormone) were also enhanced in AcD200 treatment. Although no significant differences in resistance to <em>Streptococcus iniae</em> infection were observed among treatments, AcD supplementation mitigated hepatic lipidosis and modulated inflammatory responses under pathogenic stress. In conclusion, dietary supplementation with 200 mg/kg AcD is a promising herbal feed additive for enhancing growth performance, modulating immune responses, and improving the overall health of giant grouper.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8103,"journal":{"name":"Aquaculture Reports","volume":"46 ","pages":"Article 103353"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2026-01-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145973050","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-07DOI: 10.1016/j.aqrep.2025.103332
Jill C. Fisk , Jonathan Kershaw , Leo J. Fleckenstein , Andrew J. Ray
Aquaponics describes recirculating aquaculture systems that include plants to remove excess nutrients. In inland brackish water aquaculture, salt is a major cost; therefore, water reuse is crucial for sustainability. Utilizing aquaponics may allow producers to limit brackish water discharge while producing a marketable crop, but information on suitable plant species and marketability is limited. Kale is a well-known leafy green that has shown some degree of salt tolerance. However, the performance of kale in brackish aquaponic production conditions and the impacts on consumer perceptions are unknown. This study’s aims were to evaluate kale’s tolerance to artificial seawater, determine effects of kale on water quality, and quantify consumer perceptions of the resulting product. Kale was grown at 0, 5, 10, 15 and 20 salinities during a 23-day experiment. Kale removed nitrogen and reduced phosphorus within two weeks, although concentrations of N, P, Ca and K in leaf tissue decreased as salinity increased. Kale survival was 100 % in all treatments; however, growth was significantly reduced as salinity increased. A consumer taste test (n = 112) reported saltiness ratings increased in a dose-respondent manner that corresponded with higher concentrations of Na in plant tissues. The 5 salinity sample was liked significantly more than the 0 (control) salinity, and no samples were liked less than the control. Informing consumers about the production method improved willingness to pay by 38 %. This study reveals the potential of kale to help manage nutrient build up in brackish water aquaculture while producing a marketable crop.
{"title":"Salinity impacts on aquaponic Kale Winterbor (Brassica oleracea): Production, water quality, and sensory properties","authors":"Jill C. Fisk , Jonathan Kershaw , Leo J. Fleckenstein , Andrew J. Ray","doi":"10.1016/j.aqrep.2025.103332","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aqrep.2025.103332","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Aquaponics describes recirculating aquaculture systems that include plants to remove excess nutrients. In inland brackish water aquaculture, salt is a major cost; therefore, water reuse is crucial for sustainability. Utilizing aquaponics may allow producers to limit brackish water discharge while producing a marketable crop, but information on suitable plant species and marketability is limited. Kale is a well-known leafy green that has shown some degree of salt tolerance. However, the performance of kale in brackish aquaponic production conditions and the impacts on consumer perceptions are unknown. This study’s aims were to evaluate kale’s tolerance to artificial seawater, determine effects of kale on water quality, and quantify consumer perceptions of the resulting product. Kale was grown at 0, 5, 10, 15 and 20 salinities during a 23-day experiment. Kale removed nitrogen and reduced phosphorus within two weeks, although concentrations of N, P, Ca and K in leaf tissue decreased as salinity increased. Kale survival was 100 % in all treatments; however, growth was significantly reduced as salinity increased. A consumer taste test (n = 112) reported saltiness ratings increased in a dose-respondent manner that corresponded with higher concentrations of Na in plant tissues. The 5 salinity sample was liked significantly more than the 0 (control) salinity, and no samples were liked less than the control. Informing consumers about the production method improved willingness to pay by 38 %. This study reveals the potential of kale to help manage nutrient build up in brackish water aquaculture while producing a marketable crop.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8103,"journal":{"name":"Aquaculture Reports","volume":"46 ","pages":"Article 103332"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2026-01-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145973051","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-07DOI: 10.1016/j.aqrep.2026.103367
Zhen Xu , Xuwen Hu , Cun Wei , Lisui Bao , Xin Zhan , Xiaoxu Li , Jing Wu , Yujue Wang , Yibing Liu
The deterioration of germplasm quality and genetic diversity has been considered as the key reason threatening the sustainable development of pearl oyster (Pinctada fucata martensii) industry in China. This study has developed a non-programmable sperm cryopreservation technique to provide a reliable strategy for its germplasm preservation to address this issue and investigated the changes in transcriptomic profiles of post-thaw sperm by RNA-seq. The factors important to the development of this cryopreservation technique were assessed, including cryoprotectant agent [dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), propylene glycol, ethylene glycol, glycine, glucose and polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP)], rack height, thawing temperature and sperm to egg ratio at fertilization. The post-thaw sperm fertilization rate of 40.67 ± 4.04 % was produced when sperm were cryopreserved with 6 % DMSO at 6 cm rack height, thawed at 40 °C temperature and fertilized at a sperm to egg ratio of 10000:1. This rate was further improved to approximately 50 % by adding 0.1 % PVP into 6 % DMSO with 50 % lower sperm to egg ratio. The addition of PVP also improved acrosome integrity, motility and activities of catalase and superoxide dismutase of post-thaw sperm. The transcriptomic profiles showed 207 differentially expressed transcripts between fresh and cryopreserved sperm. The enrichment network analysis of the top 10 most significantly altered Gene Ontology terms from biological process, cellular components and molecular function revealed that the increased abundance transcripts were mainly related to the cellular movement, chromosome segregation and cell division, while the decreased abundance transcripts were mainly related to the immunity. In conclusion, a non-programmable sperm cryopreservation technique has been established to preserve the germplasm in farmed P. fucata martensii in China. The differential transcriptomic profiles between fresh and post-thaw sperm could provide useful information to further improve sperm cryopreservation technique which could also benefit the breeding program and germplasm preservation in both pearl oyster and other related bivalve aquaculture industry.
{"title":"Development of a non-programmable sperm cryopreservation technique in pearl oyster Pinctada fucata martensii and investigation of transcriptomic profile of post-thaw sperm by RNA-seq","authors":"Zhen Xu , Xuwen Hu , Cun Wei , Lisui Bao , Xin Zhan , Xiaoxu Li , Jing Wu , Yujue Wang , Yibing Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.aqrep.2026.103367","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aqrep.2026.103367","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The deterioration of germplasm quality and genetic diversity has been considered as the key reason threatening the sustainable development of pearl oyster (<em>Pinctada fucata martensii</em>) industry in China. This study has developed a non-programmable sperm cryopreservation technique to provide a reliable strategy for its germplasm preservation to address this issue and investigated the changes in transcriptomic profiles of post-thaw sperm by RNA-seq. The factors important to the development of this cryopreservation technique were assessed, including cryoprotectant agent [dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), propylene glycol, ethylene glycol, glycine, glucose and polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP)], rack height, thawing temperature and sperm to egg ratio at fertilization. The post-thaw sperm fertilization rate of 40.67 ± 4.04 % was produced when sperm were cryopreserved with 6 % DMSO at 6 cm rack height, thawed at 40 °C temperature and fertilized at a sperm to egg ratio of 10000:1. This rate was further improved to approximately 50 % by adding 0.1 % PVP into 6 % DMSO with 50 % lower sperm to egg ratio. The addition of PVP also improved acrosome integrity, motility and activities of catalase and superoxide dismutase of post-thaw sperm. The transcriptomic profiles showed 207 differentially expressed transcripts between fresh and cryopreserved sperm. The enrichment network analysis of the top 10 most significantly altered Gene Ontology terms from biological process, cellular components and molecular function revealed that the increased abundance transcripts were mainly related to the cellular movement, chromosome segregation and cell division, while the decreased abundance transcripts were mainly related to the immunity. In conclusion, a non-programmable sperm cryopreservation technique has been established to preserve the germplasm in farmed <em>P. fucata martensii</em> in China. The differential transcriptomic profiles between fresh and post-thaw sperm could provide useful information to further improve sperm cryopreservation technique which could also benefit the breeding program and germplasm preservation in both pearl oyster and other related bivalve aquaculture industry.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8103,"journal":{"name":"Aquaculture Reports","volume":"46 ","pages":"Article 103367"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2026-01-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145972970","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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