Pub Date : 2026-04-15Epub Date: 2026-02-02DOI: 10.1016/j.aqrep.2026.103418
Siyu Lu , Chuangchuang Wei , Jinjuan Wan , Yuning Hu , Yu Xu , Zhiqiang Xu , Jun Zhou , Yanfei Deng , Huimin Zhang , Xuguang Li
Exogenous chitinase has potential to improve growth performance and health in aquatic species, but the underlying mechanisms remain incompletely understood. This study investigated the effects of graded doses of recombinant Odontobutis potamophila chitinase (OpCht) in O. potamophila fed a high-chitin diet for 8 weeks. Results demonstrated dose-dependent improvements in growth performance and hepatointestinal health. Gut metagenomics showed enrichment of orders Chitinophagales and Flavobacteriales and increased abundance of chitin-related CAZyme families (e.g., GH18 and GH19), together with functional shifts involving lipid metabolism and immune-related pathways. Liver transcriptomics revealed that medium/high-dose OpCht significantly enhanced lipid transport genes (fxr, angptl4, apoa) and immune effectors (c3, il-10r). Crucially, correlation analyses identified significant correlations between specific microbiota and host genes: Flavobacteriales abundance positively correlated with the hepatic lipid regulator angptl4, while Chitinophagales abundance correlated with the bile acid receptor fxr. These findings suggest that OpCht may both facilitate dietary chitin breakdown and remodel gut microbiome functionality, which is associated with enhanced chitin utilization and metabolite generation, thereby supporting a putative gut-liver axis contributing to improved host physiological functions.
{"title":"Host-derived chitinase orchestrates gut-liver dialogue to improve growth and immunity in dark sleeper (Odontobutis potamophila)","authors":"Siyu Lu , Chuangchuang Wei , Jinjuan Wan , Yuning Hu , Yu Xu , Zhiqiang Xu , Jun Zhou , Yanfei Deng , Huimin Zhang , Xuguang Li","doi":"10.1016/j.aqrep.2026.103418","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aqrep.2026.103418","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Exogenous chitinase has potential to improve growth performance and health in aquatic species, but the underlying mechanisms remain incompletely understood. This study investigated the effects of graded doses of recombinant <em>Odontobutis potamophila</em> chitinase (OpCht) in <em>O. potamophila</em> fed a high-chitin diet for 8 weeks. Results demonstrated dose-dependent improvements in growth performance and hepatointestinal health. Gut metagenomics showed enrichment of orders Chitinophagales and Flavobacteriales and increased abundance of chitin-related CAZyme families (e.g., GH18 and GH19), together with functional shifts involving lipid metabolism and immune-related pathways. Liver transcriptomics revealed that medium/high-dose OpCht significantly enhanced lipid transport genes (<em>fxr</em>, <em>angptl4</em>, <em>apoa</em>) and immune effectors (<em>c3</em>, <em>il-10r</em>). Crucially, correlation analyses identified significant correlations between specific microbiota and host genes: Flavobacteriales abundance positively correlated with the hepatic lipid regulator <em>angptl4</em>, while Chitinophagales abundance correlated with the bile acid receptor <em>fxr</em>. These findings suggest that OpCht may both facilitate dietary chitin breakdown and remodel gut microbiome functionality, which is associated with enhanced chitin utilization and metabolite generation, thereby supporting a putative gut-liver axis contributing to improved host physiological functions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8103,"journal":{"name":"Aquaculture Reports","volume":"47 ","pages":"Article 103418"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2026-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146185780","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The price of Peruvian fishmeal is a significant factor that substantially influences the price of fishmeal originating from other areas. However, research on alternative protein sources to fishmeal, to address high cost and insufficient supply of fishmeal and introduce fishmeal-free feeds, remains limited. We evaluated the impact of feeding fishmeal-free diets to yearling red sea bream (Pagrus major) during low to optimum water temperatures, focusing on growth, bile acid conditions, and the expression of genes associated with cholesterol metabolism. Two isonitrogenous and isolipidic diets were formulated: fishmeal-based (control) and fishmeal-free (FMF). Six hundred red sea bream yearlings (4.30 g) were housed in six net cages and fed the experimental diets for 28 weeks. Mean body weight, serum total cholesterol concentrations, feed efficiency, whole-body crude fat, and hepatic bile acid synthesis gene expression were all significantly lower in the FMF group than in the control group. Feed efficiency declined notably at Weeks 10–12 (lowest water temperature) and Weeks 25–28 (optimum water temperature). Whole-body crude fat content also declined after Week 12. In the FMF group, biliary total bile acid concentration remained lower until Week 20 before rising to control levels. The gene expression levels declined notably at Week 28. Our findings indicate that FMF diets at low water temperatures significantly disrupt cholesterol metabolism in red sea bream. Despite rising water temperature, synthesis of bile acids and utilization of lipids remain consistently suppressed. Therefore, FMF diets are not recommended to avoid hindrance to the successful growth of red sea breams.
{"title":"Effects of a fishmeal-free diet on growth, bile acids, and cholesterol metabolism in yearling red sea bream Pagrus major during low- to optimum-water temperature periods","authors":"Fumiaki Takakuwa , Koji Murashita , Hazuki Yoshinaga , Taisuke Iizuka , Taiga Asakura , Motoshige Yasuike , Shogo Shiraishi , Naohiro Mineyama , Junya Ukei , Masashi Shioji","doi":"10.1016/j.aqrep.2026.103443","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aqrep.2026.103443","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The price of Peruvian fishmeal is a significant factor that substantially influences the price of fishmeal originating from other areas. However, research on alternative protein sources to fishmeal, to address high cost and insufficient supply of fishmeal and introduce fishmeal-free feeds, remains limited. We evaluated the impact of feeding fishmeal-free diets to yearling red sea bream (<em>Pagrus major</em>) during low to optimum water temperatures, focusing on growth, bile acid conditions, and the expression of genes associated with cholesterol metabolism. Two isonitrogenous and isolipidic diets were formulated: fishmeal-based (control) and fishmeal-free (FMF). Six hundred red sea bream yearlings (4.30 g) were housed in six net cages and fed the experimental diets for 28 weeks. Mean body weight, serum total cholesterol concentrations, feed efficiency, whole-body crude fat, and hepatic bile acid synthesis gene expression were all significantly lower in the FMF group than in the control group. Feed efficiency declined notably at Weeks 10–12 (lowest water temperature) and Weeks 25–28 (optimum water temperature). Whole-body crude fat content also declined after Week 12. In the FMF group, biliary total bile acid concentration remained lower until Week 20 before rising to control levels. The gene expression levels declined notably at Week 28. Our findings indicate that FMF diets at low water temperatures significantly disrupt cholesterol metabolism in red sea bream. Despite rising water temperature, synthesis of bile acids and utilization of lipids remain consistently suppressed. Therefore, FMF diets are not recommended to avoid hindrance to the successful growth of red sea breams.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8103,"journal":{"name":"Aquaculture Reports","volume":"47 ","pages":"Article 103443"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2026-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146186093","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-04-15Epub Date: 2026-02-09DOI: 10.1016/j.aqrep.2026.103420
Caichao Dong , Yuyan Liu , Xuebin Cao , Jingjing Zhang , Xuwen Cao , Lei Lin , Jiliang Lin , Meng Wang , Jiashuo Di , Jie Wu , Lili Zhang , Qian Wang , Changwei Shao
Sex-controlled breeding holds significant value in aquaculture. By controlling the sex of fish, faster-growing sexes can be preferentially produced, shortening the rearing time to market size. Sebastes schlegelii exhibits a significant female growth advantage, and thus all-female aquaculture can substantially improve economic benefits. The objective of this study was to induce XX pseudo-males in S. schlegelii using exogenous 17α-methyltestosterone (MT) and letrozole (LZ) for all-female breeding, and to clarify the underlying hormonal and transcriptomic mechanisms. S. schlegelii juveniles before sex differentiation were treated with MT at concentrations of 20, 40, 60 mg/kg and LZ at concentrations of 300, 600, 900 mg/kg for 30 and 40 days, respectively. Phenotypic and histological analysis showed that all treatment groups achieved 100 % sex reversal efficiency, with pseudo-males successfully induced. Growth performance results indicated that the 30-day treatment with MT (20 mg/kg) or LZ (300 mg/kg) had no significant difference from the untreated control group, while higher concentrations and longer treatment durations inhibited growth and testicular development. Endocrinology showed that the serum steroid levels (elevated testosterone and 11-ketotestosterone, reduced estradiol) of pseudo-males were closer to those of normal males. Transcriptome analysis showed that the downregulation of genes related to ovarian development (cyp19a1a, foxl2) and the upregulation of genes related to testicular development (amh, sox9, dmrt1) jointly regulated sex reversal, and the pseudo-males induced by both hormones had enriched steroid hormone biosynthesis and TGF-β signaling pathways. This study establishes a feasible sex reversal strategy in S. schlegelii and provides molecular insights into gonadal differentiation, offering a technical basis for all-female breeding.
{"title":"Physiological and molecular effects of 17α-methyltestosterone and letrozole on sexual differentiation of black rockfish (Sebastes schlegelii)","authors":"Caichao Dong , Yuyan Liu , Xuebin Cao , Jingjing Zhang , Xuwen Cao , Lei Lin , Jiliang Lin , Meng Wang , Jiashuo Di , Jie Wu , Lili Zhang , Qian Wang , Changwei Shao","doi":"10.1016/j.aqrep.2026.103420","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aqrep.2026.103420","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Sex-controlled breeding holds significant value in aquaculture. By controlling the sex of fish, faster-growing sexes can be preferentially produced, shortening the rearing time to market size. <em>Sebastes schlegelii</em> exhibits a significant female growth advantage, and thus all-female aquaculture can substantially improve economic benefits. The objective of this study was to induce XX pseudo-males in <em>S. schlegelii</em> using exogenous 17α-methyltestosterone (MT) and letrozole (LZ) for all-female breeding, and to clarify the underlying hormonal and transcriptomic mechanisms. <em>S. schlegelii</em> juveniles before sex differentiation were treated with MT at concentrations of 20, 40, 60 mg/kg and LZ at concentrations of 300, 600, 900 mg/kg for 30 and 40 days, respectively. Phenotypic and histological analysis showed that all treatment groups achieved 100 % sex reversal efficiency, with pseudo-males successfully induced. Growth performance results indicated that the 30-day treatment with MT (20 mg/kg) or LZ (300 mg/kg) had no significant difference from the untreated control group, while higher concentrations and longer treatment durations inhibited growth and testicular development. Endocrinology showed that the serum steroid levels (elevated testosterone and 11-ketotestosterone, reduced estradiol) of pseudo-males were closer to those of normal males. Transcriptome analysis showed that the downregulation of genes related to ovarian development (<em>cyp19a1a</em>, <em>foxl2</em>) and the upregulation of genes related to testicular development (<em>amh</em>, <em>sox9</em>, <em>dmrt1</em>) jointly regulated sex reversal, and the pseudo-males induced by both hormones had enriched steroid hormone biosynthesis and TGF-β signaling pathways. This study establishes a feasible sex reversal strategy in <em>S. schlegelii</em> and provides molecular insights into gonadal differentiation, offering a technical basis for all-female breeding.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8103,"journal":{"name":"Aquaculture Reports","volume":"47 ","pages":"Article 103420"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2026-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146186404","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-04-15Epub Date: 2026-02-12DOI: 10.1016/j.aqrep.2026.103456
Yanli Wang, Qi Li, Jiting Wang, Xiao Yun, Jie Zhou, Wenjing Zhang, Zhicheng Fan
Microplastics (MPs) and cadmium (Cd) are pervasive pollutants in aquatic ecosystems, yet their combined toxicological effects remain poorly understood. Therefore, to understand the toxicological interactions between MPs (5-μm polystyrene) and Cd, we investigated gut microbial and hepatic transcriptome regulation in zebrafish (Danio rerio) following single and combined exposure to MPs and Cd. The 16S rRNA gene sequencing analysis of the gut microbiota in zebrafish revealed that PS-MPs exposure decreased the relative abundance of probiotics and increased the abundance of conditionally pathogenic bacteria. The transcriptome analysis of zebrafish was then performed to reveal the molecular mechanism of the response to MPs and Cd. In total, a total of 8530, 3778 and 11,048 differentially expressed genes were identified in the PS-MPs group, Cd group and composite group respectively. The results of GO and KEGG pathway analysis of the DEGs identified cytochrome P450 drug metabolism-related and oxidative stress-related pathways. In conclusion, chronic exposure to PS-MPs and Cd disrupted the gut microbial community structure and reprogrammed hepatic transcriptional responses in zebrafish, with the combined exposure eliciting a broader and more pronounced shift than either stressor alone. Notably, the enrichment of opportunistic/pathogenic taxa occurred alongside the suppression of hepatic xenobiotic metabolism and antioxidant-related pathways (e.g., CYP450- and GST-associated processes), consistent with a pollutant-driven perturbation of gut-liver homeostasis. These findings provide a dual-omics view of PS-MPs-Cd co-exposure and highlight the potential involvement of the gut-liver axis, warranting further validation with functional endpoints.
{"title":"Integrated analysis of zebrafish gut microbiota and liver transcriptome responses to polystyrene microplastics and cadmium","authors":"Yanli Wang, Qi Li, Jiting Wang, Xiao Yun, Jie Zhou, Wenjing Zhang, Zhicheng Fan","doi":"10.1016/j.aqrep.2026.103456","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aqrep.2026.103456","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Microplastics (MPs) and cadmium (Cd) are pervasive pollutants in aquatic ecosystems, yet their combined toxicological effects remain poorly understood. Therefore, to understand the toxicological interactions between MPs (5-μm polystyrene) and Cd, we investigated gut microbial and hepatic transcriptome regulation in zebrafish (<em>Danio rerio</em>) following single and combined exposure to MPs and Cd. The 16S rRNA gene sequencing analysis of the gut microbiota in zebrafish revealed that PS-MPs exposure decreased the relative abundance of probiotics and increased the abundance of conditionally pathogenic bacteria. The transcriptome analysis of zebrafish was then performed to reveal the molecular mechanism of the response to MPs and Cd. In total, a total of 8530, 3778 and 11,048 differentially expressed genes were identified in the PS-MPs group, Cd group and composite group respectively. The results of GO and KEGG pathway analysis of the DEGs identified cytochrome P450 drug metabolism-related and oxidative stress-related pathways. In conclusion, chronic exposure to PS-MPs and Cd disrupted the gut microbial community structure and reprogrammed hepatic transcriptional responses in zebrafish, with the combined exposure eliciting a broader and more pronounced shift than either stressor alone. Notably, the enrichment of opportunistic/pathogenic taxa occurred alongside the suppression of hepatic xenobiotic metabolism and antioxidant-related pathways (e.g., CYP450- and GST-associated processes), consistent with a pollutant-driven perturbation of gut-liver homeostasis. These findings provide a dual-omics view of PS-MPs-Cd co-exposure and highlight the potential involvement of the gut-liver axis, warranting further validation with functional endpoints.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8103,"journal":{"name":"Aquaculture Reports","volume":"47 ","pages":"Article 103456"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2026-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146186412","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-04-15Epub Date: 2026-01-31DOI: 10.1016/j.aqrep.2026.103412
Runlin Lei , Qiyuan Zhang , Haiying Liang , Chaojie Li
Pinctada fucata martensii is the main mollusk species used for pearl production in China, with nucleus insertion being the most crucial step in the pearl production process. Although rhamnose-binding lectin (RBL) is known to contribute to antibacterial immunity in this species, its specific role in transplantation immunity remains unclear. To address this knowledge gap, the present study combined transcriptomic profiling with functional validation to systematically investigate RBL's immunoregulatory mechanisms. We performed transcriptome analysis after nucleus insertion and RBL interference, as well as aquaculture trials in which oysters received RBL injections after nucleus implantation. Gill tissues were then subjected to functional assays. The results demonstrated that RBL injection significantly enhanced both survival and pearl retention rates. Transcriptome analysis revealed that differentially expressed genes were primarily enriched in redox processes, small molecule metabolism, and catalytic activity, with significant pathway enrichment in metabolic pathways, peroxisome function, and signal transduction. Furthermore, RBL up-regulated key immune factors in the NF-κB pathway (IRAK1, TRAF3, IKK, and IL-17), suppressed specific antioxidant enzymes, enhanced lysozyme activity, and increased apoptotic cell counts. These findings advance previous research by demonstrating that RBL modulates transplantation immunity through a dual mechanism: activating the NF-κB signaling pathway while simultaneously fine-tuning oxidative stress responses. Collectively, these findings provide crucial insights into the molecular mechanisms through which RBL regulates transplantation immunity.
{"title":"Role of rhamnose-binding lectin in transplantation immunity of Pinctada fucata martensii","authors":"Runlin Lei , Qiyuan Zhang , Haiying Liang , Chaojie Li","doi":"10.1016/j.aqrep.2026.103412","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aqrep.2026.103412","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><em>Pinctada fucata martensii</em> is the main mollusk species used for pearl production in China, with nucleus insertion being the most crucial step in the pearl production process. Although rhamnose-binding lectin (RBL) is known to contribute to antibacterial immunity in this species, its specific role in transplantation immunity remains unclear. To address this knowledge gap, the present study combined transcriptomic profiling with functional validation to systematically investigate RBL's immunoregulatory mechanisms. We performed transcriptome analysis after nucleus insertion and RBL interference, as well as aquaculture trials in which oysters received RBL injections after nucleus implantation. Gill tissues were then subjected to functional assays. The results demonstrated that RBL injection significantly enhanced both survival and pearl retention rates. Transcriptome analysis revealed that differentially expressed genes were primarily enriched in redox processes, small molecule metabolism, and catalytic activity, with significant pathway enrichment in metabolic pathways, peroxisome function, and signal transduction. Furthermore, RBL up-regulated key immune factors in the NF-κB pathway (<em>IRAK1</em>, <em>TRAF3</em>, <em>IKK</em>, and <em>IL-17</em>), suppressed specific antioxidant enzymes, enhanced lysozyme activity, and increased apoptotic cell counts. These findings advance previous research by demonstrating that RBL modulates transplantation immunity through a dual mechanism: activating the NF-κB signaling pathway while simultaneously fine-tuning oxidative stress responses. Collectively, these findings provide crucial insights into the molecular mechanisms through which RBL regulates transplantation immunity.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8103,"journal":{"name":"Aquaculture Reports","volume":"47 ","pages":"Article 103412"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2026-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146090849","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The discovery of parasitic isopod Tachaea kamphaengsaenensis sp. n. on freshwater prawn Macrobrachium lanchesteri (De Man, 1911) is described herein. It was found through an extensive survey of cultured and natural ponds in six provinces of Thailand: Bangkok, Chonburi, Nonthaburi, Suphan Buri, Pathum Thani, and Nakhon Pathom. This parasitic isopod species exerts detrimental effects on the prawn’s exoskeleton and damages its eggs. The morphology of Tachaea kamphaengsaenensis sp. n. is distinguished from other species in the genus by the distinct pattern of the setae on the pereopods, pleopods, and maxillipeds. This species also differs morphologically from the other Tachaea species previously reported in Thailand. Furthermore, molecular data analysis reveals a monophyletic divergence from T. chinensis and T. spongillicola. This paper presents the first documented occurrence of T. kamphaengsaenensis sp. n., marking the first record of this parasite in M. lanchesteri and the second record of a prawn-parasitic isopod in Thailand.
{"title":"Parasitic isopods infecting cultured Macrobrachium lanchesteri (De Man, 1911) freshwater prawns in Thailand, including a novel species, Tachaea kamphaengsaenensis sp. n.","authors":"Poramad Trivalairat , Krittiya Trivalairat , Damrong Chainthong , Apiruedee Songsuk , Watchariya Purivirojkul","doi":"10.1016/j.aqrep.2026.103458","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aqrep.2026.103458","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The discovery of parasitic isopod <em>Tachaea kamphaengsaenensis</em> sp. n. on freshwater prawn <em>Macrobrachium lanchesteri</em> (De Man, 1911) is described herein. It was found through an extensive survey of cultured and natural ponds in six provinces of Thailand: Bangkok, Chonburi, Nonthaburi, Suphan Buri, Pathum Thani, and Nakhon Pathom. This parasitic isopod species exerts detrimental effects on the prawn’s exoskeleton and damages its eggs. The morphology of <em>Tachaea kamphaengsaenensis</em> sp. n. is distinguished from other species in the genus by the distinct pattern of the setae on the pereopods, pleopods, and maxillipeds. This species also differs morphologically from the other <em>Tachaea</em> species previously reported in Thailand. Furthermore, molecular data analysis reveals a monophyletic divergence from <em>T. chinensis</em> and <em>T. spongillicola</em>. This paper presents the first documented occurrence of <em>T. kamphaengsaenensis</em> sp. n., marking the first record of this parasite in <em>M. lanchesteri</em> and the second record of a prawn-parasitic isopod in Thailand.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8103,"journal":{"name":"Aquaculture Reports","volume":"47 ","pages":"Article 103458"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2026-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146186446","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-04-15Epub Date: 2026-02-06DOI: 10.1016/j.aqrep.2026.103437
Vinicius Vasconcelos Silva , Marcos Vinicius Bozzo Diório , Antônio Carlos Kida Filho , Carolina Pereira de Morais Faria , Neuza Sumico Takahashi , Yara Aiko Tabata , Vander Bruno dos Santos
This study aimed to evaluate the growth of four strains of rainbow trout, including wild-type, cobalt-blue, yellow-albino, and white-albino. Juveniles 3.07 ± 0.11 g were distributed into four groups per strain in triplicate (12 tanks). Feeding was standardized with a diet containing 45 % crude protein offered ad libitum three times daily. Feed conversion ratio, weight gain, and mean body weight, were performed at 60, 120, 180, and 270 days. The data were fitted to the Gompertz model , allowing estimation of asymptotic weight, growth rate, inflection point, as well as absolute and relative growth rate. The yellow-albino strain exhibited the highest performance, reaching a final weight of 301.70 ± 32.45 g. Wild-type and cobalt-blue strains showed intermediate performance of 237.79 ± 16.06 g and 221.92 ± 20.83 g, respectively, whereas the white-albino strain presented the lowest weight 145.80 ± 23.03 g on day 270 (P < 0.05). Gompertz model showed effective with high adjusted coefficients of determination, confirming the reliability of the fit. Estimates revealed higher asymptotic weight and growth rate for the yellow-albino strain (1826.6 g and 3.3 ± 0.9 g) compared to the wild-type strain (895.6 g and 1.9 ± 0.1 g). The weight at inflection indicated that the white-albino (725.8 ± 140.3 g) and yellow-albino (709.2 ± 273.8 g) strains were different (P < 0.05) from the wild-type (339.3 ± 38.1 g) and cobalt-blue (309.5 ± 53.5 g) strains. The age at inflection indicated the white-albino strain (478.6 ± 53.0 days) was differed (P < 0.05) from the yellow-albino (384.6 ± 55.4 days), cobalt-blue (334.6 ± 54.2 days) and wild-type (301.2 ± 12.1 days) strains. The findings underscore the importance of genetic selection in aquaculture, especially for the yellow-albino strain and emphasize the need to further investigation the metabolic factors that influence the performance of the white-albino strain
{"title":"Comparative modeling of growth in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) strains with distinct skin pigmentation using the Gompertz function","authors":"Vinicius Vasconcelos Silva , Marcos Vinicius Bozzo Diório , Antônio Carlos Kida Filho , Carolina Pereira de Morais Faria , Neuza Sumico Takahashi , Yara Aiko Tabata , Vander Bruno dos Santos","doi":"10.1016/j.aqrep.2026.103437","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aqrep.2026.103437","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study aimed to evaluate the growth of four strains of rainbow trout, including wild-type, cobalt-blue, yellow-albino, and white-albino. Juveniles 3.07 ± 0.11 g were distributed into four groups per strain in triplicate (12 tanks). Feeding was standardized with a diet containing 45 % crude protein offered ad libitum three times daily. Feed conversion ratio, weight gain, and mean body weight, were performed at 60, 120, 180, and 270 days. The data were fitted to the Gompertz model <span><math><mrow><mi>y</mi><mo>=</mo><msup><mrow><mi>Ae</mi></mrow><mrow><msup><mrow><mo>−</mo><mi>Be</mi></mrow><mrow><mo>−</mo><mi>Kx</mi></mrow></msup></mrow></msup></mrow></math></span>, allowing estimation of asymptotic weight, growth rate, inflection point, as well as absolute and relative growth rate. The yellow-albino strain exhibited the highest performance, reaching a final weight of 301.70 ± 32.45 g. Wild-type and cobalt-blue strains showed intermediate performance of 237.79 ± 16.06 g and 221.92 ± 20.83 g, respectively, whereas the white-albino strain presented the lowest weight 145.80 ± 23.03 g on day 270 (P < 0.05). Gompertz model showed effective with high adjusted coefficients of determination, confirming the reliability of the fit. Estimates revealed higher asymptotic weight and growth rate for the yellow-albino strain (1826.6 g and 3.3 ± 0.9 g) compared to the wild-type strain (895.6 g and 1.9 ± 0.1 g). The weight at inflection indicated that the white-albino (725.8 ± 140.3 g) and yellow-albino (709.2 ± 273.8 g) strains were different (P < 0.05) from the wild-type (339.3 ± 38.1 g) and cobalt-blue (309.5 ± 53.5 g) strains. The age at inflection indicated the white-albino strain (478.6 ± 53.0 days) was differed (P < 0.05) from the yellow-albino (384.6 ± 55.4 days), cobalt-blue (334.6 ± 54.2 days) and wild-type (301.2 ± 12.1 days) strains. The findings underscore the importance of genetic selection in aquaculture, especially for the yellow-albino strain and emphasize the need to further investigation the metabolic factors that influence the performance of the white-albino strain</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8103,"journal":{"name":"Aquaculture Reports","volume":"47 ","pages":"Article 103437"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2026-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146186466","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-04-15Epub Date: 2026-02-09DOI: 10.1016/j.aqrep.2026.103450
Wei Huang , Yang Liu , Jing Guo , Lanyin Liu , Lihua Ren , Yunyun Zhen , Yongkang Song , Qiuhua Rao , Qingeng Huang , Tuyan Luo
This study evaluated the efficacy of Bacillus subtilis Ya3.1 supplementation, administered via feed (BF, 1.0 × 10⁸ CFU g⁻¹) or water (BW, 1 × 10⁷ CFU L⁻¹ every 48 h), on growth performance, intestinal function, hepatic metabolism, and disease resistance in hybrid sturgeon (Acipenser schrenckii ♂ × Huso dauricus ♀) fingerlings. Following a 6-week trial, both treatments significantly improved growth parameters，including final weight, weight gain rate (WGR), specific growth rate (SGR), and viscerosomatic index (VSI)，and reduced the feed conversion ratio (FCR) relative to the controls (CK), with no impact on whole-body composition or nutrient retention. Probiotic supplementation significantly upregulated intestinal digestive enzyme activities (trypsin, α-amylase, and cellulase), with superior efficacy observed in the BF group. High-throughput 16S rRNA gene sequencing indicated that B. subtilis Ya3.1 modulated the intestinal microbiota composition by enriching Bacillus abundance of and suppressing Clostridium sensu stricto 1, despite stable microbial diversity. Untargeted liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry (LC–MS) metabolomics revealed distinct hepatic metabolic profiles in the treated groups, characterized by widespread upregulation of metabolites and pathways indicative of heightened hepatic metabolic activity. Moreover, innate immune parameters (serum complement C3 and C4) were elevated, corresponding to significantly improved survival rates (BF: 83.3 %; BW: 80.0 %) following Aeromonas hydrophila challenge. Collectively, these findings suggest that B. subtilis Ya3.1 may promote growth and health in hybrid sturgeon fingerlings by modulating intestinal microbiota, enhancing digestive and metabolic efficiency, and potentiating innate immunity, with dietary administration yielding superior results. This study underscores the potential of host-derived probiotics for sustainable aquaculture.
{"title":"Early-life intervention with the host-derived probiotic Bacillus subtilis improves growth and health in hybrid sturgeon (Acipenser schrenckii ♂ × Huso dauricus ♀) fingerlings","authors":"Wei Huang , Yang Liu , Jing Guo , Lanyin Liu , Lihua Ren , Yunyun Zhen , Yongkang Song , Qiuhua Rao , Qingeng Huang , Tuyan Luo","doi":"10.1016/j.aqrep.2026.103450","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aqrep.2026.103450","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study evaluated the efficacy of <em>Bacillus subtilis</em> Ya3.1 supplementation, administered via feed (BF, 1.0 × 10⁸ CFU g⁻¹) or water (BW, 1 × 10⁷ CFU L⁻¹ every 48 h), on growth performance, intestinal function, hepatic metabolism, and disease resistance in hybrid sturgeon (<em>Acipenser schrenckii</em> ♂ × <em>Huso dauricus</em> ♀) fingerlings. Following a 6-week trial, both treatments significantly improved growth parameters，including final weight, weight gain rate (WGR), specific growth rate (SGR), and viscerosomatic index (VSI)，and reduced the feed conversion ratio (FCR) relative to the controls (CK), with no impact on whole-body composition or nutrient retention. Probiotic supplementation significantly upregulated intestinal digestive enzyme activities (trypsin, α-amylase, and cellulase), with superior efficacy observed in the BF group. High-throughput 16S rRNA gene sequencing indicated that <em>B. subtilis</em> Ya3.1 modulated the intestinal microbiota composition by enriching <em>Bacillus</em> abundance of and suppressing <em>Clostridium sensu stricto 1</em>, despite stable microbial diversity. Untargeted liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry (LC–MS) metabolomics revealed distinct hepatic metabolic profiles in the treated groups, characterized by widespread upregulation of metabolites and pathways indicative of heightened hepatic metabolic activity. Moreover, innate immune parameters (serum complement C3 and C4) were elevated, corresponding to significantly improved survival rates (BF: 83.3 %; BW: 80.0 %) following <em>Aeromonas hydrophila</em> challenge. Collectively, these findings suggest that <em>B. subtilis</em> Ya3.1 may promote growth and health in hybrid sturgeon fingerlings by modulating intestinal microbiota, enhancing digestive and metabolic efficiency, and potentiating innate immunity, with dietary administration yielding superior results. This study underscores the potential of host-derived probiotics for sustainable aquaculture.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8103,"journal":{"name":"Aquaculture Reports","volume":"47 ","pages":"Article 103450"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2026-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146186444","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-04-15Epub Date: 2026-02-01DOI: 10.1016/j.aqrep.2026.103436
Hongrui Li , Jiayue Yin , Bo Ma , Yunyi Huang , Yang Liu , Chaoqun Hu , Peng Luo
Intrinsic genetic and expression variation shapes economically important and disease-resistance traits, and transposable elements (TEs) may contribute through their genomic abundance and regulatory potential. However, TE landscapes, infection-responsive dynamics, and insertion polymorphisms (TIPs) remain poorly defined in shrimp. Here, we analyzed five shrimp genomes and profiled TE expression in Litopenaeus vannamei gills during infection with Vibrio parahaemolyticus (Vpa), white spot syndrome virus (WSSV), and decapod iridescent virus 1 (DIV1), and identified resistance-associated TIPs using bulk-segregant analysis sequencing (BSA-seq). The L. vannamei TE landscape is dominated by LINE/CR1 and PLE/Penelope, with an expansion of RC/Helitron but few intact LTR/Gypsy elements. Across infections, TE expression was predominantly repressed, and responsive elements showed family-level biases. Differentially expressed TEs were generally longer and more GC-rich, and were dominated by in LINE/CR1 and LTR/Gypsy families. Genes near responsive TEs were enriched for innate immune functions and for metabolic and growth pathways. Across stimuli, 109 TEs responded (89 downregulated and 20 upregulated), with LTR retrotransposons overrepresented among upregulated elements and DNA transposons and RC/Helitron among downregulated elements. We identified 18 TE–gene pairs with concordant changes, with most insertions in promoters, introns, or exons. BSA-seq detected 27 high-confidence TIPs, mainly intergenic and dominated by LTR/Gypsy, including variants enriched in susceptible or resistant pools. Together, these results define stimulus-dependent TE regulation in shrimp and support regulatory links between TEs and pathogen defense.
{"title":"Transposable element evolution, infection responses, and resistance-linked insertions in the shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei","authors":"Hongrui Li , Jiayue Yin , Bo Ma , Yunyi Huang , Yang Liu , Chaoqun Hu , Peng Luo","doi":"10.1016/j.aqrep.2026.103436","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aqrep.2026.103436","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Intrinsic genetic and expression variation shapes economically important and disease-resistance traits, and transposable elements (TEs) may contribute through their genomic abundance and regulatory potential. However, TE landscapes, infection-responsive dynamics, and insertion polymorphisms (TIPs) remain poorly defined in shrimp. Here, we analyzed five shrimp genomes and profiled TE expression in <em>Litopenaeus vannamei</em> gills during infection with <em>Vibrio parahaemolyticus</em> (Vpa), white spot syndrome virus (WSSV), and decapod iridescent virus 1 (DIV1), and identified resistance-associated TIPs using bulk-segregant analysis sequencing (BSA-seq). The <em>L. vannamei</em> TE landscape is dominated by LINE/CR1 and PLE/Penelope, with an expansion of RC/Helitron but few intact LTR/Gypsy elements. Across infections, TE expression was predominantly repressed, and responsive elements showed family-level biases. Differentially expressed TEs were generally longer and more GC-rich, and were dominated by in LINE/CR1 and LTR/Gypsy families. Genes near responsive TEs were enriched for innate immune functions and for metabolic and growth pathways. Across stimuli, 109 TEs responded (89 downregulated and 20 upregulated), with LTR retrotransposons overrepresented among upregulated elements and DNA transposons and RC/Helitron among downregulated elements. We identified 18 TE–gene pairs with concordant changes, with most insertions in promoters, introns, or exons. BSA-seq detected 27 high-confidence TIPs, mainly intergenic and dominated by LTR/Gypsy, including variants enriched in susceptible or resistant pools. Together, these results define stimulus-dependent TE regulation in shrimp and support regulatory links between TEs and pathogen defense.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8103,"journal":{"name":"Aquaculture Reports","volume":"47 ","pages":"Article 103436"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2026-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146185778","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-04-15Epub Date: 2026-02-10DOI: 10.1016/j.aqrep.2026.103449
Alf Seljenes Dalum , Jostein Mulder Pettersen , Muhammad Salman Malik , Ingrid Dromnes , Anne Bakke Fylling , Ola Brandshaug , Arnfinn Aunsmo
Gill health challenges, such as amoebic gill disease (AGD) caused by Paramoeba perurans, represent a major threat to Atlantic salmon aquaculture. Due to invasiveness and limited representativeness of most conventional diagnostic methods, early detection of gill diseases remains challenging. This study evaluated camera-based respiratory frequency monitoring as a non-invasive proxy for early gill disease detection using AGD as a model. A group of AGD-challenged Atlantic salmon was compared to an unchallenged group, and the fish were monitored for 35 days post-challenge for respiratory frequency, gill lesion severity (macroscopic and histological scoring) and pathogen load (qPCR). AGD-challenged groups showed an early increase in respiration frequency preceding the major histological changes at high amoebic load. Overall, colonization of P. perurans was confirmed by qPCR analysis in the challenged fish, in contrast to the unchallenged group. As a part of the project, a probiotic was tested and found not to have any significant protective effect against AGD under the given conditions. The appearance of sacciform-like cells exclusively in the gills of AGD-challenged groups may indicate a localized immune response. A close, positive correlation was found between respiratory frequency and infection in the AGD-challenged groups, and histopathological lesions in all groups despite only mild to modest changes, indicating monitoring of respiration as a sensitive, real-time and non-invasive indicator of early onset of gill disease under experimental conditions.
{"title":"Relationship of respiratory frequency, gill histopathological lesions and Paramoeba perurans infection load in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.) – a possible proxy for gill health","authors":"Alf Seljenes Dalum , Jostein Mulder Pettersen , Muhammad Salman Malik , Ingrid Dromnes , Anne Bakke Fylling , Ola Brandshaug , Arnfinn Aunsmo","doi":"10.1016/j.aqrep.2026.103449","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aqrep.2026.103449","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Gill health challenges, such as amoebic gill disease (AGD) caused by <em>Paramoeba perurans</em>, represent a major threat to Atlantic salmon aquaculture. Due to invasiveness and limited representativeness of most conventional diagnostic methods, early detection of gill diseases remains challenging. This study evaluated camera-based respiratory frequency monitoring as a non-invasive proxy for early gill disease detection using AGD as a model. A group of AGD-challenged Atlantic salmon was compared to an unchallenged group, and the fish were monitored for 35 days post-challenge for respiratory frequency, gill lesion severity (macroscopic and histological scoring) and pathogen load (qPCR). AGD-challenged groups showed an early increase in respiration frequency preceding the major histological changes at high amoebic load. Overall, colonization of <em>P. perurans</em> was confirmed by qPCR analysis in the challenged fish, in contrast to the unchallenged group. As a part of the project, a probiotic was tested and found not to have any significant protective effect against AGD under the given conditions. The appearance of sacciform-like cells exclusively in the gills of AGD-challenged groups may indicate a localized immune response. A close, positive correlation was found between respiratory frequency and infection in the AGD-challenged groups, and histopathological lesions in all groups despite only mild to modest changes, indicating monitoring of respiration as a sensitive, real-time and non-invasive indicator of early onset of gill disease under experimental conditions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8103,"journal":{"name":"Aquaculture Reports","volume":"47 ","pages":"Article 103449"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2026-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146186407","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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