Aquaculture Reports最新文献_第3页

Effects of dietary iron supplementation on growth performance, iron utilization, and intestinal health in juvenile American eels (Anguilla rostrata) 饲粮补铁对美洲鳗鲡幼鳗生长性能、铁利用及肠道健康的影响

IF 3.7 2区农林科学 Q1 FISHERIES

Aquaculture Reports

Pub Date : 2025-12-15 DOI: 10.1016/j.aqrep.2025.103296

Yichuang Xu , Guihong Chen , Xinyu Hu , Zhirun Peng , Jinyue Yang , Shaowei Zhai

Iron, a vital micro-mineral for fish, plays essential roles in numerous biological processes. However, the impacts of dietary iron supplementation on American eels remain poorly explored. This study mainly aimed to evaluate the effects of different dietary iron supplementation levels on growth performance, iron utilization, and intestinal health of juvenile American eels during a 10–week feeding trial. Five experimental diets were formulated using FeSO₄·H₂O as iron source, with iron supplementation levels in the diets being 0, 150, 300, 450, and 600 mg kg⁻¹, respectively. In comparison to American eels fed control diet, those fed a diet supplemented with 150 mg kg⁻¹ of iron displayed enhanced growth performance, better feed efficiency, increased whole–body iron retention, fortified immune function, strengthened intestinal structural integrity, elevated intestinal antioxidant capacity, and increased probiotic colonization. Conversely, dietary supplementation with 600 mg kg⁻¹ of iron induced growth retardation, inhibited feed utilization, intestinal epithelial damage and oxidative stress, and pathogen proliferation. Additionally, the contents of whole–body iron and serum iron were up–regulated, but the contents of whole–body calcium, phosphorus, zinc, and manganese were down–regulated, as dietary iron supplementation levels increased. Quadratic regression analysis indicated 190 mg kg⁻¹ as the optimal dietary iron supplementation level for maximal weight gain rate of American eels. These results offer a practical guidance for dietary iron supplementation and clarify the optimal dietary iron supplementation level for American eels.

铁是鱼类的重要微量矿物质，在许多生物过程中起着至关重要的作用。然而，膳食铁补充剂对美洲鳗鱼的影响仍未得到充分研究。本试验旨在通过为期10周的饲养试验，研究不同饲粮铁添加水平对美洲鳗鲡幼鱼生长性能、铁利用和肠道健康的影响。以FeSO4·H2O为铁源配制5种试验饲粮，铁添加水平分别为0、150、300、450和600 mg kg−1。与对照组相比，饲喂150 mg kg⁻¹ 铁的美国鳗鲡的生长性能提高，饲料效率提高，全身铁潴留增加，免疫功能增强，肠道结构完整性增强，肠道抗氧化能力增强，益生菌定植增加。相反，饲粮中添加600 mg kg⁻¹ 的铁会导致生长迟缓，抑制饲料利用，肠上皮损伤和氧化应激，以及病原体增殖。随着饲粮铁添加水平的增加，全鱼铁和血清铁含量上调，全鱼钙、磷、锌、锰含量下调。二次回归分析表明，190 mg kg⁻¹ 为美洲鳗鲡最大增重率的最佳饲粮铁添加水平。研究结果为美洲鳗饲料铁的补充提供了实际指导，明确了美洲鳗饲料铁的最佳补充水平。

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引用次数: 0

Glutamine enhances Pacific oyster (Crassostrea gigas) larval development through CgEAAT1-cortisol-CgIGF1 signaling pathway 谷氨酰胺通过cgeaat1 -皮质醇- cgigf1信号通路促进太平洋牡蛎（长牡蛎）幼虫发育

IF 3.7 2区农林科学 Q1 FISHERIES

Aquaculture Reports

Pub Date : 2025-12-15 DOI: 10.1016/j.aqrep.2025.103286

Wenjing Ren , Deliang Li , Xueshu Zhang , Chuanyan Yang , Ning Kong , Zhaoyu He , Chang Liu , Lingling Wang , Linsheng Song

Glutamine (Gln) represents an important functional amino acid for aquatic animals, but its regulatory mechanism in mollusk growth and development remains unclear. In the present study, Gln incubation significantly increased feeding rate (30–32 %) and metabolic activity in adult oysters (Crassostrea gigas), with hemocyte mitochondria exhibiting typical metabolically active states. Metabolomic analysis revealed that Gln functioned through inhibition of cortisol synthesis pathways. Corticosterone and cortisol levels decreased by 30 % and 34 % after Gln incubation, while CgIGF1 expression increased 2.9-fold. Corticosterone content in hemocytes increased from 110 to 135 μmol/L following CgEAAT1 interference, while cortisol increased from 400 to 460 μmol/L. CgIGF1 expression decreased to 8 % of control levels at 24 h post-interference. Exogenous Gln supplementation reversed these effects, reducing corticosterone to 90 μmol/L and restoring CgIGF1 expression to 2.2-fold of control. During larval cultivation, 10⁻⁶ mol/L Gln incubation significantly improved growth rate, eyespot formation rate (35 %), and settlement rate (75 %), accompanied by downregulation of Cg11β-HSD1 expression (1.5-fold) and upregulation of CgIGF1 expression (2.8-fold). These results indicate that Gln improves oyster larval survival and settlement via the CgEAAT1-cortisol-CgIGF1 pathway, providing theoretical basis for optimizing nutritional strategies in oyster seed cultivation.

谷氨酰胺（Gln）是水生动物重要的功能氨基酸，但其在软体动物生长发育中的调控机制尚不清楚。在本研究中，Gln孵育显著提高了成年牡蛎（长牡蛎）的摄食率（30-32 %）和代谢活性，其中血细胞线粒体表现出典型的代谢活性状态。代谢组学分析显示，Gln通过抑制皮质醇合成途径发挥作用。Gln孵育后，皮质酮和皮质醇水平分别下降了30 %和34 %，而CgIGF1的表达增加了2.9倍。CgEAAT1干扰后，血细胞中皮质酮含量从110 μmol/L增加到135 μmol/L，皮质醇含量从400 μmol/L增加到460 μmol/L。干扰后24 h， CgIGF1的表达量下降到对照水平的8 %。外源Gln的补充逆转了这些作用，将皮质酮降低到90 μmol/L，并将CgIGF1的表达恢复到对照的2.2倍。在幼虫培养过程中，10⁻26 mol/L Gln孵育显著提高了幼虫的生长速度、眼斑形成率（35 %）和沉降率（75 %），同时下调了Cg11β-HSD1的表达（1.5倍）和上调了CgIGF1的表达（2.8倍）。这些结果表明，Gln通过cgeaat1 -皮质醇- cgigf1通路改善了牡蛎幼虫的生存和定居，为优化牡蛎种子栽培的营养策略提供了理论依据。

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引用次数: 0

Fermented spent coffee ground – derived gluco-oligosaccharide extract by Bacillus amyloliquefaciens as growth enhancing and immunity boosting feed additive for Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) 解淀粉芽孢杆菌发酵咖啡渣低聚糖提取物作为尼罗罗非鱼促生长和增强免疫力饲料添加剂的研究

IF 3.7 2区农林科学 Q1 FISHERIES

Aquaculture Reports

Pub Date : 2025-12-15 DOI: 10.1016/j.aqrep.2025.103289

Nantaporn Sutthi , Eakapol Wangkahart , Nanthana Pothakam , Thipphiya Karirat , Piyathida Promjamorn , Apichaya Bunyatratchata , Nyuk Ling Ma , Vijitra Luang-In

Spent coffee grounds (SCG) are a promising agro-industrial byproduct for microbial bioconversion into functional oligosaccharides. This study aimed to optimize the production of a fermented SCG-gluco-oligosaccharide (GlcOS) extract using Bacillus amyloliquefaciens and to evaluate its potential as a functional feed additive in Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). Proximate analysis of SCG confirmed a high carbohydrate content (44.20 %), along with notable levels of protein (13.25 %) and fiber (20.97 %). The highest antioxidant activity of fermented SCG-GlcOS extract (81.14 % DPPH scavenging activity and a FRAP value of 10.13 mg Fe²⁺/g DW) was observed when using 10 % w/v SCG and 5 % v/v Bacillus inoculum. Feeding trials were conducted with Nile tilapia (approximately 2 months old; initial body weight 6.72 g) reared in floating cages (1 × 1.5 × 1 m) containing 30 fish each. The control group (T1) received a basal diet, while the experimental groups were fed diets supplemented with fermented SCG-GlcOS at 2 g/kg (T2), 4 g/kg (T3), or 8 g/kg (T4) for 8 weeks. Significant improvements in growth performance were observed in fish fed the 4 g/kg fermented SCG-GlcOS diet (T3), which showed the highest final body weight (24.53 g), weight gain (17.73 g), and the best feed conversion ratio (1.35). Fish in the T3 group (4 g/kg fermented SCG-GlcOS) showed significantly higher red blood cell counts (2.78 × 10⁶ cells/mm³) and hepatic superoxide dismutase (SOD) antioxidant enzyme activity (9.37 U/g liver, 2-fold increase over the control group), along with enhanced protease (20.59 U/mg) and lipase (57.49 U/mg) activities. However, fermented SCG-GlcOS did not enhance disease resistance against Streptococcus agalactiae. These findings highlight the potential of fermented SCG-GlcOS as an environmentally friendly feed supplement capable of enhancing Nile tilapia growth, antioxidant capacity, and metabolic function. This study contributes to sustainable aquafeed development, reducing dependency on synthetic additives and promoting eco-friendly aquaculture practices.

废咖啡渣（SCG）是一种很有前途的农业工业副产品，可用于微生物转化为功能性低聚糖。本研究旨在优化利用解淀粉芽孢杆菌发酵低聚葡萄糖（GlcOS）提取物的生产工艺，并评价其作为尼罗罗非鱼（Oreochromis niloticus）功能性饲料添加剂的潜力。对SCG的近似分析证实其碳水化合物含量高（44.20 %），蛋白质含量高（13.25 %），纤维含量高（20.97 %）。当使用10 % w/v的SCG和5 % v/v的芽孢杆菌接种时，发酵SCG- glcos提取物的抗氧化活性最高（81.14 % DPPH清除活性和10.13 mg Fe 2 + /g DW的FRAP值）。饲养试验采用尼罗罗非鱼（约2个月大，初始体重为6.72 g），饲养在浮动网箱（1 × 1.5 × 1 m）中，每个网箱30尾鱼。对照组（T1）饲喂基础饲粮，试验组分别饲喂在基础饲粮中添加2 g/kg （T2）、4 g/kg （T3）、8 g/kg （T4）发酵SCG-GlcOS的饲粮，为期8周。4 g/kg发酵SCG-GlcOS饲粮（T3）显著提高了鱼的生长性能，最终体重最高（24.53 g），增重最高（17.73 g），饲料系数最高（1.35）。T3组（4 g/kg发酵SCG-GlcOS）显著提高了鱼的红细胞计数（2.78 × 106细胞/mm3）和肝脏超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）抗氧化酶活性（9.37 U/g肝脏，是对照组的2倍），蛋白酶（20.59 U/mg）和脂肪酶（57.49 U/mg）活性也显著提高。然而，发酵的SCG-GlcOS并没有增强对无乳链球菌的抗病性。这些发现强调了发酵SCG-GlcOS作为一种环境友好型饲料添加剂的潜力，能够促进尼罗罗非鱼的生长、抗氧化能力和代谢功能。该研究有助于水产饲料的可持续发展，减少对合成添加剂的依赖，促进生态友好型水产养殖。

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引用次数: 0

Optimizing live transport conditions for Macrobrachium rosenbergii: Temperature and prawn-water mass ratio effects on survival, stress physiology and metabolic adaptation 罗氏沼虾活体运输条件优化：温度和虾水质量比对存活、应激生理和代谢适应的影响

IF 3.7 2区农林科学 Q1 FISHERIES

Aquaculture Reports

Pub Date : 2025-12-12 DOI: 10.1016/j.aqrep.2025.103240

Xuenan Li , Xiaoqi Gu , Huici Yang , Simin You , Nauman Khan , Xilin Dai

This study aimed to optimize live transport strategies for Macrobrachium rosenbergii by systematically examining transport conditions and underlying metabolic response mechanisms, with the ultimate goal of improving transport survival and product quality. The study analyzed the influence of varying transport temperatures and prawn-to-water mass ratios on survival rate, physiological indexes and tissue integrity in M. rosenbergii. The findings indicated that ammonia nitrogen accumulation emerged as the primary limiting factor for transportation survival. During short-duration transport (12 h), a combination of low temperature (16℃) and a high prawn-to-water mass ratio (1:2) significantly enhanced survival rates (up to 100 % in the T16–3 group) and substantially mitigated immune stress and oxidative damage. However, after extended-duration transport (24 h), the antioxidant system was gradually depleted, lipid peroxidation increased, and significant damage to hepatopancreatic tissue occurred. The survival rate in the high temperature (20℃) and anhydrous transport group declined sharply due to accelerated metabolism and an imbalance in osmotic pressure. Metabolomics techniques were subsequently used to examine the effects of live transport on the metabolic processes of M. rosenbergii. The findings revealed that the T16–3 group positively regulates environmental stresses by providing energy and performing detoxification functions through amino acid metabolic pathways. Groups T16–1 and T16–2 reduced immunity and energy availability by inhibiting autophagy-related and linoleic acid metabolic pathways. Groups T18–3 and T20–3 resisted the stressful environment by activating a wide range of metabolic changes, but still caused severe damage to the prawn. This study offers a scientific foundation for optimizing the live transport of M. rosenbergii, thereby improving transport efficiency, reducing costs, and ensuring product quality and freshness.

本研究旨在通过系统考察罗氏沼虾（Macrobrachium rosenbergii）的运输条件和代谢反应机制，优化其活体运输策略，以提高其运输存活率和产品质量。本研究分析了不同运输温度和虾水质量比对罗氏沼虾成活率、生理指标和组织完整性的影响。结果表明，氨氮积累是影响转运存活的主要限制因素。在短时间运输（12 h）中，低温（16℃）和高虾水质量比（1:2）的组合显著提高了存活率（T16-3组高达100% %），并显著减轻了免疫应激和氧化损伤。然而，在长时间运输（24 h）后，抗氧化系统逐渐耗尽，脂质过氧化增加，肝胰腺组织发生明显损伤。高温（20℃）和无水转运组由于代谢加速和渗透压失衡，存活率急剧下降。代谢组学技术随后被用于检查活转运对罗氏分枝杆菌代谢过程的影响。结果表明，T16-3组通过氨基酸代谢途径提供能量并发挥解毒功能，积极调节环境应激。T16-1和T16-2组通过抑制自噬相关途径和亚油酸代谢途径降低免疫力和能量利用率。T18-3组和T20-3组通过激活广泛的代谢变化来抵抗应激环境，但仍对对虾造成严重伤害。本研究为优化罗氏沼虾的活体运输，从而提高运输效率，降低成本，保证产品质量和新鲜度提供了科学依据。

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引用次数: 0

Effects of light intensity and photoperiod on ovarian development of Procambarus clarkii (Girard, 1852): Comparative proteomics analysis, growth performance and biochemical 光照强度和光周期对克氏原螯虾卵巢发育的影响（Girard, 1852）：比较蛋白质组学分析、生长性能和生化

IF 3.7 2区农林科学 Q1 FISHERIES

Aquaculture Reports

Pub Date : 2025-12-12 DOI: 10.1016/j.aqrep.2025.103302

Long Wang , Fanqian Kong , Meng Hu , Tianyu Guan , Chuankun Zhu , Guoliang Chang , Hui Wang , Jiale Li

Physiological and biochemical analysis showed that the decrease in photoperiod could inhibit the growth and ovarian development of Procambarus clarkii, while the decrease in light intensity could promote the growth of P. clarkii and inhibit the ovarian development. The underlying molecular mechanism is not clear. Through comparative proteomic analysis, this study identified many important proteins involved in ovarian development and oocyte maturation, such as maltase, α-phosphate synthase, and sugar metabolism-related pathways. These key proteins and signaling pathways were discovered for the first time in the ovaries of P. clarkii. This study found that light intensity and photoperiod can control the development of ovaries and oocytes in P. clarkii by regulating the expression patterns of important proteins. The decrease in light intensity promoted the glycogen metabolism of P. clarkii and was beneficial to energy metabolism of P. clarkii. Under low light intensity, P. clarkii metabolized sugar faster and produced more energy, promoting the growth of P. clarkii. The decrease in light intensity may lead to changes in the energy allocation strategy of P. clarkii, leading to the energy mainly used for growth rather than gonadal development. The decrease in photoperiod had an inhibitory effect on lipid metabolism of P. clarkii. P. clarkii cannot produce normal nutrients (such as Glu, TC and TG), causing maturation of ovaries and oocytes to be inhibited. The results in this study reveal molecular mechanisms of the effects of light intensity and photoperiod on ovarian development in P. clarkii, and provide important information for further studying development of ovary and oocyte in crustacean.

生理生化分析表明，光周期的缩短可抑制克氏原螯虾的生长和卵巢发育，而光强的降低可促进克氏原螯虾的生长，抑制卵巢发育。其潜在的分子机制尚不清楚。通过比较蛋白质组学分析，本研究发现了许多参与卵巢发育和卵母细胞成熟的重要蛋白，如麦芽糖酶、α-磷酸合成酶、糖代谢相关途径等。这些关键蛋白和信号通路是首次在克拉氏疟原虫卵巢中发现的。本研究发现，光强和光周期可以通过调节重要蛋白的表达模式来控制克拉氏疟原虫卵巢和卵母细胞的发育。光照强度的降低促进了克氏弧菌的糖原代谢，有利于克氏弧菌的能量代谢。在弱光强下，克氏假单胞菌代谢糖更快，产生能量更多，促进了克氏假单胞菌的生长。光照强度的降低可能导致克氏疟原虫能量分配策略的改变，导致能量主要用于生长而非性腺发育。光周期的减少对克氏假单胞菌的脂质代谢有抑制作用。clarkii不能产生正常的营养物质（如Glu、TC和TG），导致卵巢和卵母细胞的成熟受到抑制。本研究结果揭示了光强和光周期对克拉氏p.c clarkii卵巢发育影响的分子机制，为进一步研究甲壳类动物卵巢和卵母细胞的发育提供了重要信息。

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引用次数: 0

Hormonal profiles and reproductive development of hatchery-reared first filial (F1) generation silver trevally (Pseudocaranx georgianus, Carangidae) 孵化饲养的第一代（F1）代银鲫（Pseudocaranx georgianus, Carangidae）的激素谱及生殖发育

IF 3.7 2区农林科学 Q1 FISHERIES

Aquaculture Reports

Pub Date : 2025-12-12 DOI: 10.1016/j.aqrep.2025.103303

Matthew J. Wylie , Igor Ruza , Ria Rebstock , Nicola Shaw , Lachlan P. Dennis , P. Mark Lokman , Josephine Nocillado , Abigail Elizur , Keitaro Kato , Maren Wellenreuther

We examined the annual (maiden) reproductive cycle of hatchery-reared first filial (F1) generation silver trevally (Pseudocaranx georgianus) by tracking ovarian development and plasma levels of follicle-stimulating hormone (Fsh), luteinizing hormone (Lh), and estradiol-17β (E2). Our aims were to determine the age at puberty, identify reproductive dysfunctions, and lay the groundwork for manipulating the spawning season. To achieve this, mixed-sex two-year-old fish (n = 424) were maintained in a 13-m³ tank under ambient conditions. Baseline samples were collected in April 2018, followed by near-monthly sampling (every 4–6 weeks) from July 2018 to April 2019. Puberty occurred at 3 years of age. Fish showed distinct seasonality in their reproductive cycle, with a clear peak in activity during the months of November to December (late spring/early summer). Reproductive development in females was limited, with only 2.7 % out of 113 females sampled achieving late vitellogenesis, and no instances of oocyte maturation or spontaneous spawning were observed. Contrary to increasing plasma E2 content as oogenesis progressed, plasma concentrations of Lh and Fsh remained relatively stable across oogenesis stages. The lack of increased plasma Lh suggests that reproductive dysfunction (absence of spontaneous spawning) may be due to insufficient quantities of Lh being released into the bloodstream to accomplish oocyte maturation, ovulation and spawning.

通过跟踪卵巢发育和血浆促卵泡激素（Fsh）、黄体生成素（Lh）和雌二醇-17β (E2)水平，研究了在孵化场饲养的第一代（F1）代银鲹（Pseudocaranx georgianus）的年（处女）生殖周期。我们的目的是确定青春期的年龄，确定生殖功能障碍，并为操纵产卵季节奠定基础。为了实现这一目标，在环境条件下将两岁的混合性鱼（n = 424）饲养在一个13立方米的水箱中。2018年4月收集基线样本，随后从2018年7月至2019年4月进行近每月采样（每4-6周）。青春期发生在3岁。鱼类的繁殖周期具有明显的季节性，在11月至12月（春末夏初）有明显的活动高峰。雌性的生殖发育是有限的，在113只雌性样本中只有2.7% %达到卵黄发育晚期，没有观察到卵母细胞成熟或自发产卵的情况。血浆中Lh和Fsh的浓度在整个卵子发生阶段保持相对稳定，而血浆中E2含量随着卵子发生的进展而增加。血浆Lh缺乏增加表明生殖功能障碍（缺乏自发产卵）可能是由于没有足够的Lh被释放到血液中来完成卵母细胞成熟、排卵和产卵。

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引用次数: 0

Integrated multi-omics analysis uncovers immune regulatory mechanisms in juvenile Procambarus clarkii during the Black May Disease epidemic period 综合多组学分析揭示了黑May病流行期克氏原螯虾幼鱼的免疫调节机制

IF 3.7 2区农林科学 Q1 FISHERIES

Aquaculture Reports

Pub Date : 2025-12-12 DOI: 10.1016/j.aqrep.2025.103279

Xueqi Teng, Chengwen Song, Jinyun Ren, Yuxin Fan, Shiyu Jin, Si Luo

Black May Disease (BMD), a highly lethal syndrome affecting Procambarus clarkii in late spring-early summer, poses threatens to aquaculture sustainability. To clarify the physiological and immune regulation in juvenile P. clarkii during the BMD epidemic period, we employed an integrated multi-omics approach, assessing biochemical indices, key immune pathways dynamics, and gut microbiota succession to explain disease susceptibility and progression. The results showed marked alterations in immune response and oxidative stress during the BMD epidemic period. The activities of acid phosphatase (ACP) and alkaline phosphatase (AKP) decline consistently, whereas those of lipase and amylase (AMS) increased gradually. Superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity and malondialdehyde (MDA) content peaked at stage S2 before subsequently decreased. Notably, key immune pathways—including the NOD-like receptor, PI3K-Akt, and lysosome pathways—were significantly activated from stages S2 to S3. By stage S4, these pathways showed reduced expression. At the same time, the gut microbiota clearly shifted, with the dominant phylum shifting from Proteobacteria to Firmicutes during the BMD epidemic period. Meanwhile opportunistic genera, such as Aeromonas and Acinetobacter declined, while probiotic-associated genera, including Lactobacillus and Bacillus, increased. Together, these patterns indicate coordinated immune regulation, microbial restructuring, and antioxidant responses that accompany a transition from acute immune activation to physiological homeostasis. In summary, this study elucidates adaptive mechanisms in juvenile P. clarkii during BMD and provides a conceptual basis for developing disease prevention and probiotic intervention strategies to mitigate BMD risk.

黑May病（BMD）是一种在春末夏初影响克氏原螯虾（Procambarus clarkii）的高致死性综合征，对水产养殖的可持续性构成威胁。为了阐明幼年克氏疟原虫在BMD流行期间的生理和免疫调控，我们采用综合多组学方法，评估生化指标、关键免疫途径动态和肠道微生物群演替，以解释疾病的易感性和进展。结果显示，在BMD流行期间，免疫反应和氧化应激发生了显著变化。酸性磷酸酶（ACP）和碱性磷酸酶（AKP）活性持续下降，而脂肪酶和淀粉酶（AMS）活性逐渐升高。超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）活性和丙二醛（MDA）含量在S2期达到峰值，随后下降。值得注意的是，关键的免疫途径——包括nod样受体、PI3K-Akt和溶酶体途径——在S2至S3阶段被显著激活。到S4期，这些通路表达减少。与此同时，肠道菌群发生了明显的变化，在BMD流行期间，优势门从变形菌门转变为厚壁菌门。同时，气单胞菌和不动杆菌等机会性属减少，而乳酸杆菌和芽孢杆菌等益生菌相关属增加。总之，这些模式表明协调免疫调节、微生物重组和抗氧化反应伴随着从急性免疫激活到生理稳态的转变。综上所述，本研究阐明了幼年克氏杆菌在骨密度下降过程中的适应机制，为制定疾病预防和益生菌干预策略以降低骨密度下降风险提供了概念基础。

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引用次数: 0

Effects of the fishmeal freshness on growth performance, immune response, hepatopancreatic health and anti-stress capacity of giant freshwater prawn (Macrobrachium rosenbergii) 鱼粉新鲜度对罗氏沼虾生长性能、免疫反应、肝胰健康和抗应激能力的影响

IF 3.7 2区农林科学 Q1 FISHERIES

Aquaculture Reports

Pub Date : 2025-12-12 DOI: 10.1016/j.aqrep.2025.103281

Anran Wang , Jie Xu , Xin Zhang , Xiaohan Liu , Min Zhang , Chungui Huang , Huangen Chen , Shuyan Miao

Fishmeal is one of the main protein sources in aquafeed, and its quality directly affects the growth and health of aquatic animals. This research assessed the influence of fishmeal freshness on the growth, immune function, hepatopancreatic health and stress resistance of giant freshwater prawn. Prawns (2.36 ± 0.01 g) were assigned to three experimental diets containing domestic fishmeal with different total volatile basic nitrogen (TVB-N), including DT55 (Dietary TVB-N = 55 mg/100 g), DT65 (Dietary TVB-N = 65 mg/100 g), and DT76 (Dietary TVB-N = 80 mg/100 g). After the experimental period, the DT65 and DT80 diets significantly impaired growth performance and increased the feed conversion ratio (FCR) (P < 0.05). Additionally, activities of hemolymph alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) were markedly increased in the DT65 and DT80 groups, while total protein (TP) and nitric oxide (NO) contents showed the opposite trend (P < 0.05). Moreover, the hepatopancreatic antioxidant system was significantly suppressed in the DT65 and DT80 groups, as indicated by marked reductions in total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC) and activities of antioxidant enzymes (P < 0.05). In line with these changes, the hepatopancreatic expression of the apoptosis-related genes caspase 8, caspase 9, and bok were significantly up-regulated in the DT65 and DT80 groups, while the mRNA levels of the anti-apoptotic iap was significantly decreased (P < 0.05). Finally, high-temperature and ammonia nitrogen stress tests demonstrated a significant decline in the survival rate of prawns in the DT65 and DT80 groups. Overall, these findings underscore the critical importance of the ingredient freshness in formulated diets for prawn, recommending that dietary TVB-N level not exceed 65 mg/100 g.

鱼粉是水产饲料中主要的蛋白质来源之一，其质量直接影响水产动物的生长和健康。研究了鱼粉新鲜度对淡水对虾生长、免疫功能、肝胰健康和抗逆性的影响。虾(2.36 ±0.01  g)被分配到三个实验饮食包含国内鱼粉与不同的总挥发性基本氮(TVB-N),包括DT55(饮食TVB-N = 55 毫克/ 100 g), DT65(饮食TVB-N = 65 毫克/ 100 g),和DT76(饮食TVB-N = 80 毫克/ 100 g)。试验期结束后，DT65和DT80饲粮显著降低了生长性能，提高了饲料系数（FCR）（P <； 0.05）。此外，DT65和DT80组血淋巴丙氨酸转氨酶（ALT）和天冬氨酸转氨酶（AST）活性显著升高，总蛋白（TP）和一氧化氮（NO）含量呈相反趋势（P <； 0.05）。此外，DT65和DT80组肝胰脏抗氧化系统明显受到抑制，总抗氧化能力（T-AOC）和抗氧化酶活性显著降低（P <； 0.05）。与此变化相一致的是，DT65和DT80组肝胰腺中凋亡相关基因caspase 8、caspase 9和bok的表达量显著上调，而抗凋亡基因iap的mRNA表达量显著降低（P <； 0.05）。最后，高温和氨氮应激试验表明，DT65和DT80组对虾的存活率显著下降。总的来说，这些发现强调了对虾配方饲料中原料新鲜度的重要性，建议饲料中TVB-N的水平不超过65 mg/100 g。

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引用次数: 0

Dietary corn starch dose-dependently enhances intestinal and hepatic health in largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides) 饲料玉米淀粉剂量依赖性促进大口黑鲈肠道和肝脏健康

IF 3.7 2区农林科学 Q1 FISHERIES

Aquaculture Reports

Pub Date : 2025-12-12 DOI: 10.1016/j.aqrep.2025.103298

Godfred Boateng Agyenim , Fred Bissih , Derrick Asare , Beiping Tan , Shiwei Xie , Junming Deng

The study aimed to investigate starch-induced hepatobiliary syndrome in juvenile largemouth bass. Six isonitrogenous diets (Con, CoS20, CoS40, CoS60, CoS80, CoS100) with corn starch substituting 0 %, 20 %, 40 %, 60 %, 80 %, and 100 % of wheat starch, respectively, were tested over 70 days. Three replicates per group and 30 fish per net, totaling 540 fish with an initial weight of 10.48 ± 0.05 g, were used. The results indicated a significant difference (P < 0.05) in growth with optimal at 41–59 % corn starch inclusion. Fish fed CoS20-CoS80 showed improved postprandial insulin and glucose regulation, a sustained glycemic response, and enhanced glycolytic activity compared to the fish fed the Con diet (P < 0.05). Gut microbiota analysis revealed that Con-fed fish had reduced Firmicutes-to-Bacteroidetes ratios and increased Proteobacteria/Fusobacteria, indicating dysbiosis, while CoS60 promoted Firmicutes dominance for efficient carbohydrate fermentation and energy extraction. Liver antioxidant indices and serum biomarkers revealed that both Con and CoS100 induced metabolic stress and hepatic damage, while CoS40-CoS80 significantly improved them (P < 0.05). Histology confirmed that Con-fed fish developed lipid accumulation, endothelial thickening, and inflammation, whereas CoS60 maintained liver health. Gene expression analysis confirmed a profound health benefit within the CoS40-CoS80 range, characterized by a significant down-regulated pro-inflammatory cytokine and NF-κB Pathway genes (P < 0.05), and up-regulated Interleukin-10 (IL-10) and gut tight Junction integrity genes (P < 0.05). Concurrently, the CoS40-CoS80 diets significantly promoted (P < 0.05) hepatic lipid catabolism (up-regulation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPARα), Carnitine O-palmitoyltransferase 1 (CPT1), and adipose triglyceride lipase (ATGL)) and export (up-regulation of Microsomal triglyceride transfer protein (MTP)), while reducing cholesterol synthesis (down-regulation of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A reductase (HMGCR)). The CoS40-CoS80 range optimally balanced metabolic efficiency, microbiota composition, and hepatic function while reducing oxidative stress. These findings demonstrate that partial (41–89 %) corn starch substitution for wheat starch improves metabolic homeostasis and health outcomes in largemouth bass aquaculture.

本研究旨在探讨淀粉性大口黑鲈幼鱼的肝胆综合征。玉米淀粉分别替代0 %、20 %、40 %、60 %、80 %和100 %小麦淀粉的6种等氮饲粮（Con、CoS20、CoS40、CoS60、CoS80、CoS100）试验70 d。试验每组3个重复，每网30尾，共540尾鱼，初始体重为10.48 ± 0.05 g。结果表明，玉米淀粉含量为41 ~ 59 %时，其生长差异显著（P <； 0.05）。与对照组相比，饲粮CoS20-CoS80改善了餐后胰岛素和葡萄糖调节，血糖反应持续，糖酵解活性增强（P <； 0.05）。肠道菌群分析显示，经复喂的鱼降低了厚壁菌门与拟杆菌门的比例，增加了变形菌门/梭杆菌门的比例，表明生态失调，而CoS60促进了厚壁菌门的优势，从而进行了有效的碳水化合物发酵和能量提取。肝脏抗氧化指标和血清生物标志物显示，Con和CoS100均可诱导代谢应激和肝损伤，而CoS40-CoS80可显著改善代谢应激和肝损伤（P <； 0.05）。组织学证实，饲料鱼出现脂质积累、内皮细胞增厚和炎症，而CoS60维持肝脏健康。基因表达分析证实在CoS40-CoS80范围内具有深远的健康益处，其特征是促炎细胞因子和NF-κB通路基因显著下调（P <； 0.05），白细胞介素-10 （IL-10）和肠道紧密连接完整性基因上调（P <； 0.05）。同时，CoS40-CoS80饲粮显著促进（P <； 0.05）肝脏脂质分解代谢(上调过氧化物酶体增殖物激活受体α （PPARα)、肉碱o -棕榈酰基转移酶1 （CPT1）和脂肪甘油三酯脂肪酶（ATGL））和输出（上调微粒体甘油三酯转移蛋白（MTP）），降低胆固醇合成（下调3-羟基-3-甲基戊二酰辅酶A还原酶（HMGCR））。CoS40-CoS80范围在降低氧化应激的同时，最佳地平衡了代谢效率、微生物群组成和肝功能。这些结果表明，部分（41-89 %）玉米淀粉替代小麦淀粉改善了大口黑鲈养殖的代谢稳态和健康结果。

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引用次数: 0

Chicken soluble hydrolysate, an excellent alternative to fishmeal in the diets of Litopenaeus vannamei 鸡可溶性水解液：凡纳滨对虾饲料中鱼粉的优良替代品

IF 3.7 2区农林科学 Q1 FISHERIES

Aquaculture Reports

Pub Date : 2025-12-11 DOI: 10.1016/j.aqrep.2025.103295

Xiang Si , Chunfeng Yao , Rouxin Wu , Wanzhen Ma , Yidan Sun , Junming Deng , Beiping Tan , Haijun Liang , Shuyan Chi

This experiment evaluated the use of chicken soluble hydrolysate as a substitute for fishmeal in the diet of Litopenaeus vannamei, providing new ideas for the development and utilization of animal protein sources in aquaculture feed. On the basis of the control group (FM) feed, fishmeal was replaced by 5 % by mass with the addition of 5 % chicken soluble hydrolysate 1 (CSH1), 2 (CSH2), 3 (CSH3), and 4 (CSH4), to prepare five experimental feeds with isonitrogenous and isolipidic. These feeds were used to feed white shrimp (initial average weight of 0.23 ± 0.00 g) for 56 days. The results showed that the addition of CSH in the feed can effectively improve the growth performance of shrimp. The weight gain rate of the FM group was significantly lower than that of the other groups (p < 0.05), and the final body weight, specific growth rate, protein efficiency ratio, and lipid efficiency ratio were significantly lower than those of the CSH1, CSH2, and CSH3 groups (p < 0.05). The feed conversion ratio of the groups FM and CSH4 was significantly higher than that of the other groups (p < 0.05). The mucosal fold height and intestinal α-amylase activity were significantly lower than the CSH2 group (p < 0.05). The activities of ALT and AST in the alternative groups were significantly reduced compared to the FM group (p < 0.05). The MDA content of the FM group was not significantly different compared to the CSH1, CSH3, and CSH4 groups (p > 0.05), but was significantly higher than that of the CSH2 group (p < 0.05). The mRNA expression levels of immune-related genes such as relish, dorsal, cru, alf, lyz, akp, and acp in the hepatopancreas of the alternative groups were significantly upregulated (p < 0.05). The results indicated that dietary chicken soluble hydrolysate (CSH), particularly CSH2, significantly enhanced intestinal health, antioxidant capacity, and growth performance in Litopenaeus vannamei.

本试验评价了鸡可溶性水解液在凡纳滨对虾饲料中替代鱼粉的应用，为水产养殖饲料中动物蛋白源的开发利用提供了新的思路。在对照组（FM）饲料的基础上，以5 %质量的鱼粉代替5 %质量的鸡可溶性水解产物1 （CSH1）、2 （CSH2）、3 （CSH3）和4 (CSH4)，制得5种等氮等脂试验饲料。用这些饲料饲喂初始平均体重0.23 ± 0.00 g的白对虾，饲养56 d。结果表明，饲料中添加CSH可有效提高对虾的生长性能。鱼粉组的增重率显著低于其他各组（p <； 0.05），末重、特定生长率、蛋白质效率和脂肪效率显著低于CSH1、CSH2和CSH3组（p <； 0.05）。鱼粉组和CSH4组的饲料系数显著高于其他各组（p <； 0.05）。黏膜褶皱高度和肠道α-淀粉酶活性显著低于CSH2组（p <； 0.05）。替代组ALT和AST活性较FM组显著降低（p <； 0.05）。FM组MDA含量与CSH1、CSH3、CSH4组比较差异无统计学意义（p >； 0.05），但显著高于CSH2组（p <； 0.05）。各组肝胰腺中佐料、背侧、cru、alf、lyz、akp、acp等免疫相关基因mRNA表达量均显著上调（p <； 0.05）。结果表明，饲粮中添加鸡可溶性水解液（CSH），尤其是CSH2可显著改善凡纳滨对虾的肠道健康、抗氧化能力和生长性能。

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引用次数: 0