Aquaculture Reports最新文献

{"title":"Effect of dietary histamine on intestinal flora and immune response in hybrid grouper (Epinephelus fuscoguttatus♀× E. lanceolatus♂)","authors":"Tao Cheng,&nbsp;Yumeng Zhang,&nbsp;Shuyan Chi,&nbsp;Shiwei Xie,&nbsp;Shuang Zhang,&nbsp;Beiping Tan,&nbsp;Junming Deng","doi":"10.1016/j.aqrep.2026.103362","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aqrep.2026.103362","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Since grouper feed is relatively rich in fish meal, it is susceptible to excessive histamine accumulation. In order to examine the effects of histamine on intestinal inflammation, apoptosis, non-specific immunity, and intestinal microbiota in hybrid grouper, seven isoproteic (50 %) and isolipidic (11 %) diets were created with histamine concentrations of 0, 30, 60, 120, 240, 480, and 960 mg/kg (actual levels: 72.33, 99.56, 138.60, 225.35, 404.12, 662.12, and 1245.38 mg/kg). After 8 weeks of cultivation, the levels of intestinal and serum complements 3 and 4, as well as lysozyme and alkaline phosphatase activities, gradually declined as the amount of dietary histamine increased. Furthermore, the intestinal inflammation factors (including NF-κB-inducing kinase, nuclear factor-κB inhibitor kinase, phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase, protein kinase B, interleukin-1 receptor associated kinase, ubiquitin-ligase enzyme, extracellular signal-regulated kinase, p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase, c-Jun N-terminal protein kinase, and tumor necrosis factor α) also gradually increased. Additionally, as dietary histamine level increased, the intestinal microbiota in the 225.35 and 1245.38 mg/kg histamine groups exhibited a significant reduction in both diversity and abundance compared to the control group. At the genus level, these groups showed a significant increase in the pathogenic bacteria <em>Ralstonia</em>, <em>Pseudomonas</em>, and <em>Prauserella</em>, along with a marked decrease in the probiotic bacterium <em>Cetobacterium</em>. In conclusion, a dietary histamine level exceeding 404.12 mg/kg resulted in a reduction of intestinal immunocompetence, while levels exceeding 662.12 mg/kg led to an increase in the intestinal inflammatory response. Therefore, the histamine content in hybrid grouper feed should not exceed 404 mg/kg.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8103,"journal":{"name":"Aquaculture Reports","volume":"46 ","pages":"Article 103362"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2026-01-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145973047","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of spectral variations on the gut microbiota of Tripneustes gratilla (collector urchin)","authors":"Yi-Jui Hsieh ,&nbsp;Tai-Chun Huang ,&nbsp;Feng-Jie Su ,&nbsp;Hsiu-Hua Chang ,&nbsp;Yung-Song Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.aqrep.2025.103359","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aqrep.2025.103359","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The population of <em>Tripneustes gratilla</em> (the collector urchin) has declined significantly due to overfishing, prompting researchers to explore aquaculture as a potential solution. However, the effects of different light conditions on the breeding of <em>T. gratilla</em> remain largely unexplored. This study investigated the impact of LED lighting on the bacterial composition of sea urchin culture water and its intestinal microbiota under various lighting conditions. The initial size of the sea urchins used in the experiment was about 11 mm. The experiment was divided into three groups: full-spectrum, red- and blue-light, with three replicates in each group. The experiment lasted seven weeks, with a 12:12 LD cycle daily. After seven weeks, the sea urchins in the blue-light group had a higher survival rate (93.3 %), and the bacterial content in the culture water varied significantly among groups. The bacterial concentration in the water of the red-light group was notably higher, and its biofilm formation capacity was increased. Next-generation sequencing revealed distinct bacterial community compositions across different light conditions, with the red-light group showing lower bacterial diversity but greater total species richness. Sequencing of bacterial strains from the red-light group identified <em>Vibrio mediterranei</em> and <em>V. hangzhouensis</em>, both of which displayed significantly higher colony formation rates under red light. In conclusion, these findings suggest that a long-wavelength environment may promote bacterial growth and influence the composition of the sea urchin's intestinal flora. However, short-wavelength environments may enhance the diversity of the flora. Juvenile sea urchin farming is conducted indoors with indirect lighting. This study suggests that specific wavelengths of light can be used to optimize aquaculture conditions and enhance the efficiency of cultivation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8103,"journal":{"name":"Aquaculture Reports","volume":"46 ","pages":"Article 103359"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2026-01-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145973054","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Nutritional regulation of osmoregulatory and metabolic responses to low salinity in juvenile black seabream (Acanthopagrus schlegelii): Roles of dietary DHA and EPA","authors":"Keyi Huang ,&nbsp;Yingying Zhang ,&nbsp;Wenli Zhao ,&nbsp;Yangguang Bao ,&nbsp;Xuan Wang ,&nbsp;Peng Sun ,&nbsp;Tingting Zhu ,&nbsp;Qicun Zhou ,&nbsp;Min Jin","doi":"10.1016/j.aqrep.2025.103310","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aqrep.2025.103310","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>DHA and EPA are pivotal for fish physiological functions. This study investigated the effects of dietary DHA+EPA levels on osmoregulation, lipid utilization, and energy metabolism in juvenile black seabream (<em>Acanthopagrus schlegelii</em>) under low salinity environment (5 psu). Different dietary levels of DHA + EPA were formulated (D1 = 10.48, D2 = 18.53, D3 = 25.77, D4 = 31.47, D5 = 38.81 mg/g; DHA/EPA ≈ 1:1) were fed to fish (initial body weight: 15.08 ± 0.02 g) for 8 weeks. Results showed that WG and SGR were markedly higher in D5 group compared to D1. The DHA+EPA contents in liver and muscle were markedly elevated with increasing dietary levels, peaking in D5. Gill expression of osmoregulatory genes (<em>ostf1</em>, <em>aqp1</em>) was markedly downregulated in the D3 group relative to D1, indicating improved osmoregulatory adaptation. Hepatic expression of lipolysis-related genes (<em>atgl</em>, <em>hsl</em>, <em>lpl</em>) peaked in the D2, whereas lipogenesis-related genes (<em>fas</em>, <em>accα</em>), showed the lowest expression in D4. The D2 group also exhibited the highest mRNA levels of mitochondrial energy metabolism-related genes and an increased number of hepatic mitochondria. The D4 group significantly elevated hepatic antioxidants (T-AOC, SOD, GSH-Px, GSH), while D3 showed highest serum T-AOC and SCHR, accompanied by the lowest MDA levels in both liver and serum. Furthermore, hepatic antioxidant gene expression was markedly upregulated at dietary DHA+EPA levels of 18.53–25.77 mg/g. These findings show that moderate dietary DHA+EPA supplementation (18.53–25.77 mg/g) promotes mitochondrial function, antioxidant defense, and osmoregulatory efficiency in juvenile black seabream under low-salinity conditions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8103,"journal":{"name":"Aquaculture Reports","volume":"46 ","pages":"Article 103310"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2026-01-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145973059","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of dietary Phaffia rhodozyma on the growth, immunity, antioxidant activity, and digestive tract microbiota of juvenile Strongylocentrotus intermedius","authors":"Yuchun Lu ,&nbsp;Teng Teng ,&nbsp;Yiwen Lan ,&nbsp;Zi-Ao Ren ,&nbsp;Yu Du ,&nbsp;Feng Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.aqrep.2025.103311","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aqrep.2025.103311","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><em>Strongylocentrotus intermedius</em> is a commercially valuable aquaculture species. <em>Phaffia rhodozyma</em>, a yeast rich in astaxanthin and β-glucans, has immune-enhancing and antioxidant properties in aquatic animals; however, its effects on <em>S. intermedius</em> remain underexplored. Here, we examined how <em>P. rhodozyma</em> affects growth performance, digestive enzyme activity, antioxidant capacity, immune response, and digestive tract microbiota in juvenile <em>S. intermedius</em>. Juveniles (480) were assigned to four dietary groups: control (C, 0 %), low (L, 0.8 %), medium (M, 1.6 %), and high (H, 3.2 %) supplementation, for 60 days. Group M exhibited significant improvements in specific growth rates of shell diameter and body weight (SGRSD and SGRBW, <em>P</em> &lt; 0.05), digestive tract index (DTI, <em>P</em> &lt; 0.05), and digestive enzyme activities (PEP, LPS, AMS, and CL, <em>P</em> &lt; 0.05). Group L showed enhanced immune enzyme activities (ACP, AKP, and LZM, <em>P</em> &lt; 0.05) and reduced malondialdehyde (MDA) (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05). In contrast, Group H demonstrated suppressed growth, digestive function, and immune response, and elevated MDA (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05). Microbiome analysis revealed that Groups L and M had higher microbial diversity and beneficial taxa (e.g., Bacteroidota, Desulfobacterota); Group H had elevated potential pathogens (e.g., Pseudomonadota). Functional prediction indicated that moderate supplementation enriched pathways related to cell growth and immunity, whereas high supplementation activated stress-related pathways. Overall, <em>P. rhodozyma</em> exerted dose-dependent effects on <em>S. intermedius</em>: 1.6 % optimally promoted growth, digestive health, and microbial homeostasis; 0.8 % enhanced immunity and antioxidant status; and 3.2 % produced adverse effects, including inhibited growth. These findings support the application of <em>P. rhodozyma</em> in sustainable aquaculture.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8103,"journal":{"name":"Aquaculture Reports","volume":"46 ","pages":"Article 103311"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2026-01-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145973061","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The characteristics of sheltering behavior in the sea cucumber Apostichopus japonicus","authors":"Xiang Li,&nbsp;Sihan Wang,&nbsp;Qiuzhen Song,&nbsp;Zihe Zhao,&nbsp;Yingzhuo Sun,&nbsp;Jun Ding,&nbsp;Chong Zhao","doi":"10.1016/j.aqrep.2025.103355","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aqrep.2025.103355","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Based on the sheltering behavior, shelters are widely applied to enhance the aquaculture efficiency of sea cucumbers. However, the characteristics of sheltering behavior are still poorly understood in sea cucumbers. This study investigated the characteristics of the sheltering behavior of the sea cucumber <em>Apostichopus japonicus</em> under individual, group, and interspecific levels. In the individual experiment, the research findings showed that, regardless of whether it was day or night, there were no significant differences in the movement randomness, first-arrival time, and movement speed of sea cucumbers. Regardless of whether it was day or night, the residence time of sea cucumbers in the group with shelters was significantly longer than that in the group without shelters. This indicates that sea cucumbers are random into shelters rather than random leaving the shelter, no matter in the day or at night. In the group experiment and inter-species experiment, no significant differences existed in the residence time, the first-arrival time and the movement speed. This suggests that the basic characteristics of sheltering behavior of sea cucumbers is not affected by the interaction at the present densities. The present study clarified the characteristics of sheltering behavior of sea cucumbers under individual, group, and inter-species interactions. This research uncovered the characteristics of the sheltering behavior of <em>A. japonicus</em> and offered crucial information for enhancing the aquaculture efficiency of sea cucumbers in shelter.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8103,"journal":{"name":"Aquaculture Reports","volume":"46 ","pages":"Article 103355"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2026-01-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145972969","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Potential utility of dietary formate supplementation in facilitating growth performance and intestinal health for juvenile Songpu mirror carp (Cyprinus carpio Songpu)","authors":"Jiaxin Li ,&nbsp;Ze Fan ,&nbsp;Yan Wang ,&nbsp;Di Wu ,&nbsp;Jinnan Li ,&nbsp;Chenhui Li ,&nbsp;Yongjie Jiang ,&nbsp;Haitao Zhang ,&nbsp;Liansheng Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.aqrep.2025.103335","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aqrep.2025.103335","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This research was designed to assess the impacts of sodium formate on the growth performance, blood biochemical parameters, and intestinal health of Songpu mirror carp (<em>Cyprinus carpio Songpu</em>). Four isonitrogenous and isolipidic diets supplemented with varying concentrations of sodium formate (0 %, 0.5 %, 1 %, and 1.5 %, corresponding name: C0, FA1, FA2 FA3) were fed with an initial body weight of 6.61 ± 0.02 g for 8 weeks. Our results showed that the weight gain rate and specific growth rate initially trended upward, followed by a decline with increasing sodium formate in diets. The highest value occurred in the FA1 group, significantly exceeding that of the C0 group. By contrast, the FA1 group had a substantially lower feed conversion ratio than the C0 group. Among the serum indicators, the glucose content in the FA1 group was notably greater than that in other groups, while triglyceride levels were significantly reduced in FA1 group. Protease activity in the midgut was significantly enhanced in the FA1 group. In addition, the FA1 group showed a marked increase in the expression of sod, together with nrf2 and cat gene expressions, compared with the control group. In terms of intestinal immunity, 0.5 % sodium formate significantly regulated the expression of the zo-1 gene. The highest abundance of the phylum firmicutes was found in the 0.5 % sodium formate-treated group at the phylum level, while a higher abundance of <em>Lactococcus lactis</em> was found in the 0.5 % sodium formate-treated group at the genus level. In conclusion, 0.5 % sodium formate was identified as the optimal inclusion level in the diet.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8103,"journal":{"name":"Aquaculture Reports","volume":"46 ","pages":"Article 103335"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2026-01-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145973203","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Immune and metabolic mechanisms underlying fishmeal replacement with Tenebrio molitor in enhancing Pseudobagrus ussuriensis resistance to Aeromonas veronii","authors":"Yang Cao ,&nbsp;Ruyi Hu ,&nbsp;Chenfei Yang ,&nbsp;Huanhuan Miao ,&nbsp;Jing Gao ,&nbsp;Yu Liu ,&nbsp;Xianghong Dong ,&nbsp;Xianzong Wang ,&nbsp;Qing Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.aqrep.2025.103323","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aqrep.2025.103323","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Fishmeal, the predominant protein source in aquaculture, is increasingly constrained by resource depletion and price volatility, posing challenges to the sustainability of the industry. <em>Tenebrio molitor</em>, rich in high-quality protein and immunologically active compounds, represents a promising alternative. However, its role in modulating fish immunity and metabolism remains poorly characterized. In this study, juvenile <em>Pseudobagrus ussuriensis</em> were fed diets containing 0 %, 10 %, 20 %, or 30 % <em>T. molitor</em> for 90 days, followed by an <em>Aeromonas veronii</em> challenge. Liver tissues were sampled at 0, 24, and 48 h post-infection for histological, biochemical, and transcriptomic analyses. H&amp;E staining indicated that higher dietary inclusion of <em>T. molitor</em> effectively alleviated liver damage. ELISA results showed increased activities of immune effector enzymes (ACP, ALP, LZM) with infection time and replacement ratio, whereas antioxidant indicators (SOD, CAT, T-AOC) decreased and MDA levels increased, suggesting that immune activation may be accompanied by oxidative stress. Transcriptomic profiling identified 830 and 68 differentially expressed genes in the 30 % group compared to the 0 % group at 24 and 48 h, respectively. Antigen processing and presentation pathways were significantly enriched at both time points. STEM analysis revealed persistent activation of Jak–STAT and AGE–RAGE signaling pathways, along with dynamic changes in lipid and porphyrin metabolism linked to energy homeostasis and inflammatory responses. WGCNA demonstrated that both replacement level and infection time co-regulated gene modules associated with immune and metabolic functions. RT–qPCR validation corroborated the transcriptomic findings. Collectively, these findings indicate that dietary supplementation with <em>T. molitor</em> enhances immune function in <em>P. ussuriensis</em>, underscoring its potential as a sustainable alternative to fishmeal. The coordination between immune and metabolic pathways provides mechanistic insights and practical guidance for developing efficient and environmentally sustainable protein sources in aquaculture.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8103,"journal":{"name":"Aquaculture Reports","volume":"46 ","pages":"Article 103323"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2026-01-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145972718","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cerebrin and small cardioactive peptides enhance feed intake in Pacific abalone (Haliotis discus hannai): An integrative molecular and in vivo study","authors":"Mi-Jin Choi ,&nbsp;Young Dae Oh ,&nbsp;Han Kyu Lim","doi":"10.1016/j.aqrep.2025.103354","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aqrep.2025.103354","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Feeding behavior in marine gastropods, including Pacific abalone (<em>Haliotis discus hannai</em>), is critical for growth and aquaculture productivity, but its molecular regulation mechanism remains poorly understood. Herein, we identified and characterized two conserved neuropeptides—cerebrin and small cardioactive peptides (SCPs)—in Pacific abalone. Transcriptomic mining of cerebral ganglion datasets recovered full-length precursors: a cerebrin precursor (258 bp coding sequence [CDS]; 85 aa) encoding a 17-aa amidated peptide (NGGTLDSLFNLPDLSDN-NH₂), and an SCP precursor (342 bp CDS; 113 aa) encoding two amidated peptides—SCP_A (SGYLAFPRM-NH₂) and SCP_B (MNYLAFPRM-NH₂). Both genes showed four-exon architectures and strong conservation of the NGGT and YLAFPRM motifs across mollusks, as supported by multiple sequence alignment and phylogenetic analyses that clustered abalone sequences within gastropod clades. Developmental expression profiles were stage specific: <em>cerebrin</em> expression was highest in 3 months post-fertilization juveniles, whereas <em>SCP</em> peaked at the pre-settlement larval stage (6 days post-fertilization). During a 7-day feeding period followed by 7 days of refasting, <em>cerebrin</em> and <em>SCP</em> expression in buccal musculature increased significantly (6-fold at D7 for <em>cerebrin</em>; 20-fold at D4 for <em>SCP</em> relative to D0, <em>p</em> &lt; 0.05), with minimal changes in the cerebral ganglion and intestine, implicating peripheral roles in radular and odontophore activity. Functional assays corroborated these effects: <em>in vivo</em> administration of synthetic peptides (10 nmol/day for 3 days) significantly increased feed intake compared to saline controls (<em>p</em> &lt; 0.05), with SCP_A showing the greatest efficacy (0.51 ± 0.15 g per individual vs. 0.03 ± 0.02 g in saline controls). These results demonstrate the orexigenic functions of cerebrin and SCPs, elucidate their feeding regulation mechanisms, and highlight their potential as molecular targets to improve feeding efficiency and resilience in abalone aquaculture.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8103,"journal":{"name":"Aquaculture Reports","volume":"46 ","pages":"Article 103354"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2026-01-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145972733","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Zootechnical performance, disease resistance and economic efficiency of climbing perch, Anabas testudineus fed Terminalia arjuna bark-supplemented diets","authors":"Shishir Kumar Nandi ,&nbsp;Md. Abdullah Al Mamun Hridoy ,&nbsp;Sanchita Sarkar ,&nbsp;Zulhisyam Abdul Kari ,&nbsp;Muhammad A.B. Siddik ,&nbsp;Abu Mohammad Nazmul Hasan ,&nbsp;El-Sayed Hemdan Eissa ,&nbsp;Hien Van Doan ,&nbsp;Mohd Farhan Hanif Reduan ,&nbsp;Muhammad Anamul Kabir","doi":"10.1016/j.aqrep.2025.103328","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aqrep.2025.103328","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Arjuna bark powder (ABP) is recognized for its rich bioactive compounds and potent medicinal properties, emerging as a valuable feed additive in aquaculture due to its potential to improve fish health and well-being. This study aimed to evaluate the impacts of various levels of dietary ABP inclusion on the growth performance, whole-body biochemical composition, blood chemistry, liver health, disease resistance, and economic performance of climbing perch, <em>Anabas testudineus</em> (initial weight: 3.00 ± 0.02 g and length: 4.51 ± 0.01 cm). Four isonitrogenous (35 % crude protein) and isocaloric (9 % crude lipid) diets were prepared by incorporating ABP at 0 % (control, D1), 1 % (D2), 2 % (D3), and 3 % (D4), and were fed to triplicate groups of fish (n = 360) for 56 days. The feed physical properties did not show any significant variations across the dietary groups (p &gt; 0.05), except for water stability. Fish diets with 1 and 2 % ABP had significantly higher palatability compared to other dietary groups (p &lt; 0.05). Attractability was noted significantly higher in the 1 % ABP diet (p &lt; 0.05). Zootechnical parameters in terms of final weight, weight gain, specific growth rate, live weight gain, feed conversion ratio, protein efficiency ratio, hepatosomatic index, and visceral somatic index were significantly improved in the D2 diet fed fish group (p &lt; 0.05). Carcass composition showed that crude lipid content was reduced in higher level of ABP (p &lt; 0.05), while crude protein, ash, and moisture did not exhibit any variations (p &gt; 0.05). The mean values of white blood cell, neutrophil, and red blood cell were markedly enhanced in the D2 and D3 fish groups (p &lt; 0.05). The levels of glucose, alanine amino transferase, aspartate amino transferase, and cholesterol were significantly higher in the control fish (p &lt; 0.05). The D2 fed fish showed an improved liver health. The percent survival was the highest in the D2 group (76.67 %), while control fish had the lowest survival (30 %) when challenged with <em>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</em>. Economic efficiency was significantly enhanced in the D2 group when compared to other dietary treatments (p &lt; 0.05). Overall, incorporating ABP up to 1 % (D2) in fish diets demonstrated better growth and health performance, disease resistance and economic efficiency.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8103,"journal":{"name":"Aquaculture Reports","volume":"46 ","pages":"Article 103328"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2026-01-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145972815","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of replacement of inorganic trace elements by organic trace elements in alternative diets of Tenebrio molitor on growth performance, antioxidant capacity, immunity and intestinal flora of Litopenaeus vannamei","authors":"Qihang Liang ,&nbsp;Chao Li ,&nbsp;Beiping Tan ,&nbsp;Shiwei Xie ,&nbsp;Xiaohui Dong ,&nbsp;Qihui Yang ,&nbsp;Shuyan Chi ,&nbsp;Shuang Zhang ,&nbsp;Junming Deng ,&nbsp;Hongyu Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.aqrep.2026.103361","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aqrep.2026.103361","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study evaluated the effects of replacing inorganic trace elements with organic forms in T<em>enebrio molitor</em>-based diets on the growth performance, antioxidant capacity, immune response, and intestinal microbiota of Pacific white shrimp (<em>Litopenaeus vannamei</em>). A total of 480 juvenile shrimp (initial body weight 0.26 ± 0.01 g) were randomly assigned to four dietary treatments with three replicates per treatment for a 10-week feeding trial. A fishmeal-based diet supplemented with inorganic trace elements served as the control. In the negative control, 40 % of fishmeal was replaced with <em>T. molitor</em>. Based on this diet, inorganic iron, manganese, and zinc were replaced with 40 % or 60 % organic forms. Shrimp fed the diet containing 60 % organic trace elements showed significantly lower final body weight, weight gain rate, and specific growth rate, as well as a higher feed conversion ratio, compared with the 40 % replacement group. Although fishmeal replacement with <em>T. molitor</em> reduced antioxidant capacity, supplementation with organic trace elements significantly increased the activities of superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione peroxidase. The activities of acid phosphatase and alkaline phosphatase and the expression of immune-related genes were significantly enhanced in shrimp fed the diet containing 40 % organic trace elements. In addition, organic trace element supplementation partially improved intestinal microbiota composition by reducing potential pathogenic bacteria. In conclusion, the 40 % replacement of inorganic iron, manganese, and zinc with organic forms was identified as the optimal proportion, as it enhanced antioxidant and immune responses without compromising growth performance in <em>L. vannamei</em>.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8103,"journal":{"name":"Aquaculture Reports","volume":"46 ","pages":"Article 103361"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2026-01-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145973048","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}